WO2022160396A1 - 基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾换热特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法及其鉴别设备 - Google Patents

基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾换热特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法及其鉴别设备 Download PDF

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WO2022160396A1
WO2022160396A1 PCT/CN2021/077615 CN2021077615W WO2022160396A1 WO 2022160396 A1 WO2022160396 A1 WO 2022160396A1 CN 2021077615 W CN2021077615 W CN 2021077615W WO 2022160396 A1 WO2022160396 A1 WO 2022160396A1
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boiling
surfactant
module
identification
data
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French (fr)
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胡自成
王谦
刘晓媛
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F18/00—Pattern recognition
    • G06F18/20—Analysing
    • G06F18/22—Matching criteria, e.g. proximity measures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
    • G06F16/51—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/50—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of still image data
    • G06F16/58—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
    • G06F16/583—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of substance identification, in particular to a surfactant substance identification method and identification device based on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of a surfactant solution.
  • Patent 1 Choecker Craig, Rasche Florian, Zichner Thomas, 8263931, U.S.
  • Patent Method for identifying in particular unknown substances by mass spectrometry proposes the identification of unknown substances by mass spectrometry.
  • Patent 3 H. Fuchs, T. Friedrich, W. Schrepp. Method for identifying active substances [P]. Germany: CN1231728, 1999 proposes the use of scanning optical near-field microscope equipment to observe the Signal changes to detect active substances.
  • Patent 4 Zhu Tuo, Ni Xiaowu, Chen Guoqing, Gao Shumei, Yu Ruipeng, Xu Hui, He Haijian, Gu Endong. A method for identifying alcohols by fluorescence spectrum [P].
  • Jiangsu: CN101042344, 2007 provides a method for identifying alcohols by fluorescence spectrum Different concentrations and different types of alcohols.
  • Patent 5 Shi Wei, Zhou Chengzhuo, Tan Haoyue, Wen Jiaqi, Yu Hongxia. Identification method of androgenic active substances in environmental samples based on matching of characteristic lyomorphic fragments [P], Jiangsu province: CN111413444A, 2020) Extraction of active substances that can be characterized Characteristic fragments, construction of a screening and identification method for androgenic active substances based on characteristic fragments.
  • the identification method provided by the present invention is to identify the surfactant substance according to the above-mentioned principle.
  • the present application proposes a surfactant identification method and an identification device based on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of the surfactant solution, which utilizes the boiling heat transfer characteristics of the surfactant solution to provide a simple and convenient Practical, accurate and economical surfactant identification method and identification equipment.
  • a method for identifying surfactants based on the boiling characteristics of surfactant solutions comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 Obtain the boiling characteristic parameters of a variety of known surfactant solutions, and collect the preconditions based on which each known surfactant solution obtains the boiling characteristic parameters, and convert the boiling characteristic parameters of this known surfactant solution. And the corresponding preconditions are used as the identification criteria of this surfactant; the identification criteria of different concentrations, different preconditions and different kinds of surfactants are used to construct the surfactant identification criterion database;
  • Step 2 obtain the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified under specific preconditions
  • Step 3 Compare the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified collected in step 2 with the data in the surfactant identification criterion database, thereby realizing the identification of the surfactant to be identified.
  • boiling characteristic parameters include boiling bubble characteristic parameters, boiling heat exchange characteristic parameters, and correlation parameters between the boiling bubble characteristic parameters and the boiling heat exchange characteristic parameters;
  • the characteristic parameters of the boiling bubbles include the detachment diameter D d and the detachment frequency of the boiling bubbles They are respectively expressed as:
  • n is the number of bubbles formed, grown and separated from the boiling surface
  • D di is the equivalent separation diameter of the ith boiling bubble volume
  • f i is the boiling bubble separation frequency collected for the ith time
  • m is the shooting equipment at The number of consecutive acquisitions within the same time interval ⁇ ;
  • the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters include wall superheat degree ⁇ t and boiling heat transfer coefficient h, which are respectively expressed as:
  • tw is the average temperature of the boiling surface
  • ts is the saturated boiling temperature of the surfactant solution at the boiling pressure
  • Q is the heating power applied by the heating device to the boiling surface
  • A is the area of the boiling surface
  • ⁇ t is the wall superheat.
  • ⁇ t is the wall superheat degree
  • h is the boiling heat transfer coefficient
  • ⁇ is the time interval
  • D d is the diameter of the boiling bubbles leaving
  • n is the number of bubbles
  • ⁇ v is the vapor density
  • h fg is the latent heat of vaporization.
  • the prerequisites for obtaining the boiling characteristic parameters include: the type of solvent, the mass concentration of the configured surfactant solution, the boiling form and the heating device for obtaining the corresponding boiling form, the setting parameters of the photographing equipment, the type of the boiling surface material and the surface characteristic parameters. , Heating method and heating amount setting parameters, shooting imaging equipment shooting parameters, image processing setting parameters, data acquisition equipment setting parameters;
  • the absolute value of the relative error between the identification criterion of the known surfactant and the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified is in the range of 0-10%, then compare the criterion formed by the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles separately, If the absolute value of the relative error of the boiling bubble characteristic parameter is in the range of 0-10%, the comparison is determined to be successful and the identified surfactant type is determined; or the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameter is compared alone, or the boiling bubble is compared alone.
  • the correlation parameter R between the characteristic parameter and the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameter if the absolute value of the relative error is in the range of 0-20%, it is determined that the comparison is successful and the identified surfactant type is determined.
  • a surfactant identification device based on the boiling characteristics of a surfactant solution comprising a solution configuration system, a boiling test system, a computer system and an equipment box;
  • the solution configuration system is used to complete the configuration of the surfactant solution;
  • the boiling test system It is used to realize the boiling and parameter collection of the surfactant solution;
  • the computer system realizes the control and data processing of the surfactant identification equipment, the solution configuration system, the boiling test system and the computer system itself, the criterion comparison and the result output, At the same time, it plays the role of display, control and software carrier;
  • the equipment box is used to centrally place the related equipment in the solution configuration system, the boiling test system, and the computer system, so as to form a set of surfactant identification equipment that is easy to carry and store. .
  • the boiling test system includes a boiling container, a first heating device, a second heating device, a cooling device, a data acquisition device, a photographing device and a thermal insulation device; the bottom surface of the boiling container is in contact with the first heating device, and is provided by the first heating device Boiling surface; a second heating device is arranged on the side wall of the boiling container, which is used to provide heat flow to the boiling surface and supplement the heat dissipation loss of the boiling solution; the cooling device is arranged on the top of the boiling container to condense the steam generated by boiling into The liquid is recovered to the boiling container; the boiling container, the first heating device, the second heating device, and the cooling device are combined to realize various boiling conditions of the surfactant solution; the data acquisition device is used to collect the boiling process in the boiling container.
  • the temperature parameter and heating capacity parameter of the device is arranged towards the boiling surface of the boiling container, and is used to collect images of the boiling bubbles of the surfactant solution on the boiling surface; the thermal insulation device is wrapped outside the boiling test system to achieve thermal insulation.
  • the computer system includes a control unit and a preinstalled identification software system; the control unit is used to control the work of the weighing equipment, the heating device, the data acquisition device and the photographing equipment; the functions of the identification software unit are: (1) Process and calculate the image signal collected by the photographing equipment, and extract the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles; (2) Process and calculate the temperature parameters and heating capacity parameters in the boiling process collected by the data acquisition device, and extract the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer (3) Extract the correlation parameters between the boiling bubble characteristic parameters and the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters; (4) Store the known surfactant substance criterion database, identify and judge the surfactant and output the identification result.
  • the control unit is used to control the work of the weighing equipment, the heating device, the data acquisition device and the photographing equipment
  • the functions of the identification software unit are: (1) Process and calculate the image signal collected by the photographing equipment, and extract the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles; (2) Process and calculate the temperature parameters and heating capacity parameters in the boiling process collected by the data acquisition device, and extract the characteristic parameters of boiling heat
  • control unit includes a signal acquisition module, a signal processing module, a data buffer module, a data transmission module, a display module, a communication module, and a power supply module;
  • the signal connection is used to collect the quality signal transmitted by the weighing equipment, the data signal collected by the data collection device and the image signal captured by the shooting equipment;
  • the signal processing module receives the signal collected by the signal collection module and processes it to extract the surfactant solution.
  • the data buffer module is used to store the boiling characteristic parameters of the surfactant solution extracted by the signal processing module; the data transmission module transmits the data stored in the data buffer module to the identification software system and receives the data sent by the identification software system; the display module It is used to display operation commands, user interaction information and comparison results; the communication module is used for the computer system to communicate with the weighing equipment, heating device, data acquisition device, photographing equipment and other equipment on the user side; the power module is used for the computer system, weighing The equipment, heating device, data acquisition device and shooting equipment and user side equipment provide power.
  • the identification software system includes a data layer subunit, a processing layer subunit and a user layer subunit; the data layer subunit includes a weighing equipment database module, a heating device database module, a data acquisition device database module, a photographing equipment database module and Criterion database module; and each module of the data layer subunit is used to store the data generated by the weighing equipment, the data generated by the heating device, the data generated by the data acquisition device, the data generated by the photographing device, and the known surfactants.
  • Solution identification criterion database and user-defined criterion data are used to store the data generated by the weighing equipment, the data generated by the heating device, the data generated by the data acquisition device, the data generated by the photographing device, and the known surfactants.
  • the processing layer subunit includes an operation control module, an equipment control module, a data receiving module, a data processing module, a data storage module, a criterion comparison module, a display module and a communication module;
  • the operation control module is used for the operation control of the substance identification device of the present invention ;
  • the device control module is used to control the opening and closing of weighing equipment, heating device, data acquisition device and photographing equipment and the transmission of data information;
  • the data receiving module is used to control the weighing equipment, heating device, data acquisition device and shooting equipment
  • the signal is transmitted to the computer system and receives the instructions issued by the computer system;
  • the data processing module is used to process the signals from the weighing equipment, heating device, data acquisition device and shooting equipment and form identification criteria data;
  • data storage module It is used to store the processed data;
  • the criterion comparison module is used to retrieve the identification criterion data from the data storage module and the criterion database module, and compare the identification criterion of the identified substance with the known substance
  • display module is used to display operation instructions, data information and material identification results, etc.
  • communication module is used to control the communication interface of the computer system to connect weighing equipment, heating devices, data acquisition devices, photographing equipment and other equipment on the user side. communication;
  • User layer subunits include solution configuration module, boiling test module, image capture module, criterion management module and result display module;
  • the solution configuration module is used to guide or guide the user to complete the operation process of solution configuration;
  • the boiling test module is used to guide or guide The operation flow of the user to complete the boiling test;
  • the image capture module is used to guide or guide the user to complete the operation flow of the boiling bubble image acquisition;
  • the criterion management module is used to guide or guide the user to complete the import, Operation procedures such as deletion or modification;
  • the result display module is used to guide or guide the user to complete the operation procedures such as the display and query of the identification results.
  • a kind of surfactant identification method based on the boiling characteristics of surfactant solution proposed in this application utilizes the boiling bubble characteristics, boiling heat transfer characteristics and their correlations of surfactant solution in the boiling process to carry out the identification of surfactant types.
  • Identification the identification principle is simple and reliable, the identification criteria is rich, the identification strategy is reasonable, and the identification accuracy is high.
  • a surfactant identification device based on the boiling characteristics of the surfactant solution designed by this application is simple, easy to implement and economical. Compared with expensive devices such as existing spectrometers and mass spectrometers, its hardware cost is low. Greatly reduced.
  • the identification device designed in this application does not require special maintenance, and the maintenance cost can basically be ignored.
  • the identification operation process is simple, no professional special training is required, and it is suitable for popular use.
  • Fig. 1 is the flow chart of surfactant identification method of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of surfactant identification equipment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is the boiling test system diagram of surfactant identification equipment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the heating device figure in the boiling test system of surfactant identification equipment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is the control unit diagram of the surfactant identification device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the identification software system in the surfactant identification device of the present invention.
  • the method for identifying surfactants based on the boiling characteristics of surfactant solutions includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Obtain the boiling characteristic parameters of a variety of known surfactant solutions (including the boiling bubble characteristic parameters, the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters, and the correlation between the boiling bubble characteristic parameters and the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters), and collect each The preconditions on which the boiling characteristic parameters of the known surfactant solution are obtained, and the boiling characteristic parameters of the known surfactant solution and the corresponding preconditions are used as the identification criteria of the surfactant; Different preconditions and identification criteria of different surfactants are used to construct a database of surfactant identification criteria; the specific process is as follows:
  • Step 1.1 configure a variety of known surfactant solutions with different concentrations of surfactants.
  • the configuration method is:
  • Step 1.1.1 at room temperature, start from 20ppm for the known concentration of the surfactant solution, select according to the sequence of equal differences, the tolerance is 40ppm, and select 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, 220, 260 in turn , 300ppm and other mass concentrations to configure;
  • Step 1.1.2 according to the mass concentration of the selected surfactant solution, use the weighing device 11 and the solution container 12 to configure a certain mass of surfactant substances, and then calculate the required solvent according to the mass concentration of the surfactant solution
  • the quality of material weighing equipment 11 and the solution container 12 are used to weigh the solvent of the corresponding quality; the solvent that is weighed above and the surfactant that is weighed are poured into the solution container 12, and the surfactant solution of a certain mass concentration is configured;
  • the solvent can be an aqueous solution.
  • the aqueous solution for configuring the surfactant solution should be pure water, distilled water or deionized water.
  • the solvent of the surfactant solution may also be a non-aqueous solution.
  • the concentration range of the surfactant solution, the value tolerance, and the number of selected concentrations are not fixed and can be determined by themselves, but the preferred concentration range is 0-300 ppm.
  • Step 1.2 detecting the boiling characteristic parameters of the prepared surfactant solutions with different concentrations under different preconditions.
  • Step 1.2.1 pour the surfactant solution configured in step 1.1 into the boiling container 13 of the boiling test system 02, and carry out the boiling test of the surfactant solution according to the selected preconditions;
  • Step 1.2.2 use the data acquisition device 16 to collect the boiling parameters in the boiling process of the surfactant solution, the boiling parameters include temperature parameters, heating capacity parameters and other user requirements parameters (such as measuring ambient temperature, humidity and measuring time, etc.); use The photographing device 17 photographs the boiling bubble image signal during the boiling process of the surfactant solution;
  • Step 1.2.3 respectively input the boiling parameters collected by the data acquisition device 16 and the boiling bubble image signal collected by the photographing device 17 into the computer system 03; the computer system 03 and its control unit 19 respectively quantify the boiling bubble image signal , Calculate and process the collected boiling parameters to obtain the boiling characteristic parameters of the surfactant solution when it boils.
  • the boiling characteristic parameters include the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles, the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer and the difference between characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles and characteristic parameters of boiling heat exchange. related relationship.
  • Step 1.3 based on the obtained boiling characteristic parameters, known surfactant substances and preconditions, a database of identification criteria for known surfactant substances is formed.
  • the specific process is as follows:
  • the computer system 03 extracts the corresponding solute (that is, the known surfactant type) and the preconditions (including the solvent type, the mass concentration of the prepared surfactant solution, the boiling form and the heating method for obtaining the corresponding boiling form when the boiling characteristic parameters are obtained.
  • the corresponding solute that is, the known surfactant type
  • the preconditions including the solvent type, the mass concentration of the prepared surfactant solution, the boiling form and the heating method for obtaining the corresponding boiling form when the boiling characteristic parameters are obtained.
  • Step 2 obtain the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified; the specific process is:
  • Step 2.1 determine the preconditions for the identification of the surfactant to be identified, and the preconditions include the type of solvent, the mass concentration of the surfactant solution, the boiling form and the heating device for obtaining the corresponding boiling form, the setting parameters of the photographing equipment, and the type of the boiling surface material. and surface feature parameters, heating method and heating amount setting parameters, shooting imaging equipment shooting parameters, image processing setting parameters, data acquisition equipment setting parameters, etc.;
  • Step 2.2 carry out the configuration of the surface active substance solution to be identified
  • Step 2.3 pour the surface active solution to be identified into the boiling container in the boiling test system, carry out the boiling test of the surfactant solution according to the determined preconditions, and use the data acquisition device 16 to collect the boiling process of the surfactant solution to be identified.
  • the boiling parameters i.e. temperature parameters, heating capacity parameters and other user requirements parameters
  • Step 2.4 quantify the boiling bubble image signal and calculate the collected boiling parameters to obtain the boiling bubble characteristic parameters, the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters and the correlation parameters between them when the surfactant solution to be identified boils, At the same time, these parameters are obtained to obtain the corresponding preconditions, so as to form the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified;
  • the boiling bubble characteristic parameter includes the boiling bubble detachment diameter and the detachment frequency, and the method for obtaining the boiling bubble characteristic parameter and its identification criterion in this embodiment is:
  • the bubbles When the nucleate boiling of the surfactant solution occurs on the heating surface, the bubbles will continue to form, grow and detach on the heating surface. The above), the generation, growth, detachment and even rupture of a single bubble on the boiling surface can clearly obtain its image characteristics.
  • the bubble image signal is analyzed with the help of image processing software. By digital processing, the bubble detachment diameter can be obtained, and the law of the bubble detachment diameter changing with the working condition parameters can also be obtained.
  • the boiling bubble equivalent spherical separation diameter is defined in the present invention.
  • the volume of the boiling bubble By processing the boiling bubble image, the volume of the boiling bubble can be obtained. Assuming that the volume of the boiling bubble in the ith image of the boiling bubble taken is Vi , the volume of the boiling bubble is used to define the equivalent separation diameter Ddi of the boiling bubble, Its calculation formula is:
  • the average value of the boiling bubble detachment diameter is calculated by arithmetic mean.
  • the average equivalent detachment diameter D d of the boiling bubbles can be expressed as:
  • the obtained boiling bubbles have different average equivalent escape diameters.
  • the type of surfactant can be identified according to the average equivalent detachment diameter of the boiling bubbles. Taking the average equivalent detachment diameter of boiling bubbles as an example, under the same precondition, the absolute value of the relative error of the identification criterion based on the average equivalent detachment diameter of boiling bubbles is defined as:
  • the detachment frequency of bubbles is defined as:
  • boiling bubble detachment frequency has statistical distribution characteristics
  • the average value of boiling bubble detachment frequency is calculated by arithmetic mean.
  • the shooting equipment continuously collects m times within the same time interval ⁇ .
  • the average detachment frequency of the boiling bubbles can be expressed as:
  • the absolute value of the relative error of the discrimination criterion based on the average detachment frequency of boiling bubbles is defined as:
  • the above-mentioned characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles are not limited to including the detachment diameter and detachment frequency of boiling bubbles, but also include the characteristics of boiling bubbles such as bubble growth time, bubble incubation time, bubble cycle time, bubble rising speed, and bubble density.
  • the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters include the wall superheat degree and the boiling heat transfer coefficient.
  • the method for obtaining the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters and their identification criteria is as follows:
  • the wall superheat degree ⁇ t is defined as the difference between the average boiling surface temperature tw and the saturated boiling temperature ts of the surfactant solution under the boiling pressure.
  • the saturated boiling temperature of the surfactant solution under the boiling pressure is approximately the saturated boiling temperature of the solvent.
  • the saturation temperature of water at one atmospheric pressure is taken as 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the average temperature of the boiling surface can be calculated by measuring the temperature of the back of the boiling surface.
  • the average temperature of the boiling surface is approximately equal to the arithmetic mean of the temperature of the back of the boiling surface; the average temperature of the boiling surface It can also be directly measured by infrared radiation thermometers. Therefore, the calculation formula of the wall superheat degree ⁇ t is:
  • the boiling heat transfer coefficient h is defined in the present invention as: under a certain boiling surface, the boiling heat transfer coefficient is equal to the heat flux density q divided by the wall superheat degree ⁇ t, and the heat flux density is the heating power Q applied by the heating device to the boiling surface divided by the boiling The area A of the surface.
  • the calculation formula of the boiling heat transfer coefficient h is:
  • the definition of the absolute value of the relative error of the identification criterion based on the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters is similar to the boiling bubble characteristic parameters, which are:
  • Boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters are not limited to wall superheat degree and boiling heat transfer coefficient, but also include boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters such as initial boiling point and critical heat flux density.
  • the method to obtain the correlation parameters between the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles and the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer is as follows: at a higher wall superheat degree (usually greater than 15 degrees Celsius), the boiling heat transfer process is dominated by the bubble evaporation mechanism, and a boiling
  • the vaporization heat Q E of the bubble is the product of the volume of the boiling bubble, the vapor density ⁇ v , and the latent heat of vaporization h fg , which can be expressed as:
  • the evaporation heat of growing boiling bubbles is introduced through the cross-sectional area of the bubbles, and the heat introduced into the bubbles comes from the heating amount of the boiling surface.
  • the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer and boiling bubbles can be established.
  • the correlation between the correlations can be written as:
  • q is the heat flux density
  • Q is the heating power
  • A is the area of the boiling surface
  • h is the boiling heat transfer system
  • ⁇ t is the wall superheat degree
  • the correlation between the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer and the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles is defined, the parameter R , expressed as:
  • This formula gives the correlation parameter R between the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer (boiling heat transfer coefficient and wall superheat degree) and the characteristic parameter of boiling bubbles (the average diameter of boiling bubbles leaving the equivalent).
  • the solvent is water
  • the vapor density ⁇ v and the latent heat of vaporization h fg are approximated as the density of water vapor and the latent heat of vaporization of water.
  • the identification criterion based on the correlation parameter between the boiling bubble characteristic parameters and the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters, the absolute value of the relative error can be defined as:
  • Step 3 compare the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified collected in step 2 with the data in the surfactant identification criterion database, and then realize the identification of the surfactant to be identified; the specific process is:
  • the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified obtained in step 2 is compared with the identification criterion of the known surfactant under the same precondition in the identification criterion database; if If the absolute values of the relative errors between the identification criterion of the known surfactant and the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified are all within the range of 0-10%, it is determined that the comparison is successful, and the known surfactant is different from the identified surfactant.
  • the surfactant is the same substance; if the absolute value of the relative error between the identification criterion of the known surfactant and the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified is all greater than 10%, the comparison is considered unsuccessful, and the known surface
  • the active agent and the identified surfactant substance are not the same substance; if the absolute value of the relative error between the identification criterion of the known surfactant and the identification criterion of the surfactant to be identified is in the range of 0-10%, If the part is greater than 10%, compare the criterion formed by the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles separately.
  • the absolute value of the relative error of the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles is in the range of 0-10%, it is determined that the comparison is successful, and the surfactant is known. It is the same substance as the identified surfactant; the identification criteria formed by the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters can also be compared separately, or the dependence relationship parameters formed by the boiling bubble characteristic parameters and the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters can be compared separately. Criterion, if the absolute value of the relative error is in the range of 0-20%, it is determined that the comparison is successful, and the known surfactant and the identified surfactant are the same substance.
  • the surfactant identification device 0 based on the boiling characteristics of the surfactant solution as shown in FIG.
  • the solution configuration system 01 is used to complete the configuration of the surfactant solution;
  • the boiling test system 02 is used to realize the boiling of the surfactant solution and its parameter collection;
  • the computer system 03 realizes the configuration of the surfactant identification equipment 0 and the solution System 01, boiling test system 02 and computer system 03 itself control and data processing, criterion comparison and result output, etc., play the role of display, control and software carrier at the same time;
  • the equipment box 04 is used to centrally place the solution
  • the related equipment in the configuration system 01, the boiling test system 02, and the computer system 03 is configured to form a set of surfactant substance identification equipment 0 that is easy to carry and store.
  • the solution configuration system 01 includes a weighing device 11 and a solution container 12; the weighing device 11 is used to measure the quality of the surfactant to be measured and the quality of the solvent and configure a surfactant solution with a certain mass concentration; the weighing device 11 It can be an electronic balance. According to the mass concentration range and accuracy requirements of the surfactant, the weighing equipment should have a range of 0-150 grams, and the precision should preferably be 0.1 mg.
  • the weighing device 11 is preferably equipped with a weighing device with a communication port, which facilitates the realization of functions such as opening and closing control, parameter setting control, and quality data transmission and storage of the weighing device 11 .
  • the solution container 12 is used to hold the surfactant material, solvent and formulated surfactant solution.
  • the solution container is preferably a glass beaker with a volume of 150 ml to 500 ml.
  • the boiling test system 02 includes a boiling vessel 13 , a first heating device 14A, a second heating device 14B, a cooling device 15 , a data acquisition device 16 , a photographing device 17 and a thermal insulation device 18 .
  • the bottom surface of the boiling container 13 is in contact with the first heating device 14A, and the first heating device 14A provides the boiling surface; the side wall of the boiling container 13 is provided with a second heating device 14B for providing heat flow to the boiling surface and supplementing the boiling solution
  • the cooling device 15 is arranged on the top of the boiling container 13, which is a partition heat exchanger, which is used to condense the steam generated by boiling into liquid and recover it to the boiling container 13.
  • the cooling medium is cold water or air, and the cooling medium
  • the flow rate and temperature of the boiler are determined according to the boiling conditions, and the cooling device 15 is provided with ventilation holes to ensure that the pressure in the boiling vessel is consistent with the atmospheric pressure.
  • the boiling vessel 13, the first heating device 14A, the second heating device 14B, and the cooling device 15 are combined to realize various boiling conditions of the surfactant solution.
  • the data acquisition device 16 is a data acquisition device suitable for multi-type signals and multi-channels.
  • the preferred parameters are that the number of analog input channels is not less than 32 channels, and the external input signals can be temperature, current, voltage, resistance, switch state, etc., sampling The period is preferably as low as 5 milliseconds, with computing functions, statistical functions and corresponding storage devices; the data acquisition device 16 is used to collect the temperature parameters and heating capacity parameters during the boiling process in the boiling vessel 13, wherein the temperature parameters include the temperature of the boiling surface. , the temperature of the solution in the boiling container, the temperature of the thermal insulation material in the thermal insulation device 18, and the ambient temperature; the parameters of the heating capacity include the heating power or heating current and voltage of the heating device.
  • a photographing device 17 is arranged towards the boiling surface of the boiling vessel 13 for capturing images of boiling bubbles of the surfactant solution on the boiling surface.
  • the photographing device 17 is preferably a high-speed digital camera device, the fastest frame rate should be greater than 25 frames per second, and the shutter speed should be less than 0.1 second minimum exposure. Shutdown control, setting of shooting parameters and transmission and storage of wetting
  • the heat insulating device 18 is wrapped on the outside of the boiling container 13 and the first heating device 14A, and is used for thermal insulation of the boiling container 13 and the heating device, so as to ensure that the boiling system is approximately an adiabatic system.
  • the boiling container 13 is preferably a square container made of plexiglass or metal material with visible holes, the height is preferably 150-200 mm, and the volume is preferably 400-600 ml.
  • the thermal insulation device 18 is a thermal insulation layer filled with thermal insulation materials and fixed around the boiling container. The periphery of the layer is wrapped and fixed with aluminum foil, and the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is determined by the type of thermal insulation material and the boiling conditions.
  • the first heating device 14A and the second heating device 14B are shown in FIG. 4 , which are constant heat flux heating devices, including a regulated power supply 141 , a first voltage regulator 142A, a second voltage regulator 142B, a first voltage Measuring element 143A, second voltage measuring element 143B, first current measuring element 144A, second current measuring element 144B, first resistance heating element 145A, second resistance heating element 145B, boiling surface 146; A voltage regulator 142A and a second voltage regulator 142B are correspondingly connected to the first resistance heating element 145A and the second resistance heating element 145B; the regulated power supply 141 and the voltage regulator are used to stabilize and adjust the heating voltage of the resistance heating element, thereby realizing
  • the voltage of the regulated power supply 141 is preferably 220V AC power supply or DC power supply; the first current measurement element 144A, the second current measurement element 144B, the first voltage measurement Two voltage measuring elements 143B measure
  • the computer system 03 contains a control unit 19 and a pre-installed authentication software system 20 .
  • the control unit 19 is used to control the work of the weighing device 11, the heating device (including the first heating device 14A and the second heating device 14B), the data acquisition device 16 and the photographing device 17;
  • the identification software unit 20 realizes the following functions: (1) Process and calculate and extract the characteristic parameters of the boiling bubbles from the image signals collected by the photographing device 17; (2) process and calculate the temperature parameters and heating capacity parameters in the boiling process collected by the data acquisition device 16, and extract the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer; (3) Extract the correlation R between the characteristic parameters of boiling bubbles and the characteristic parameters of boiling heat transfer; (4) Store the known surfactant substance criterion database, identify and judge the surfactant and output the identification result.
  • the control unit 19 includes a signal acquisition module 21 , a signal processing module 22 , a data buffer module 23 , a data transmission module 24 , a display module 25 , a communication module 26 and a power supply module 27 .
  • the signal acquisition module 21 is respectively connected with the weighing device 11, the heating device, the data acquisition device 16, and the photographing device 17, and is used to acquire the quality signal transmitted by the weighing device 11, the data signal collected by the data acquisition device 16, and the
  • the image signal captured by the photographing device 17 further acquires the mass information of the substance weighed by the weighing device 11 , the data information collected by the data acquisition device 16 and the image information captured by the photographing device 15 .
  • the signal processing module 22 receives the signal collected by the signal acquisition module 21 and processes it.
  • the signal processing module 22 processes the image signal parameter data signal to obtain the boiling bubble behavior characteristic parameters and boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters of the surfactant solution, and extract Dependency relationship and related relationship parameters of boiling bubble characteristic parameters and extraction boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters.
  • the data cache module 23 is used to store the boiling bubble characteristic parameters, the boiling heat transfer characteristic parameters and the correlation parameters between them extracted by the signal processing module 22 .
  • the data transmission module 24 is used for transmitting the data stored in the data buffering module 23 to the authentication software system 18 and for receiving the data sent by the authentication software system 18 .
  • the display module 25 is used to display operation commands, user interaction information, comparison results, and the like.
  • the communication module 26 is used for the computer system 03 to communicate with the weighing device 11 , the heating device, the data acquisition device 16 , the photographing device 17 and other devices on the user side.
  • the power supply module 27 supplies power to the computer system 03, and can also supply power to the weighing device 11, the heating device, the data acquisition device 16, the photographing device 17 and the user-side devices.
  • the authentication software system 20 shown in FIG. 6 is pre-installed in the computer system 03 , and at the same time relies on the control unit 19 .
  • the architecture of the authentication software system 20 includes a data layer subunit 31 , a processing layer subunit 32 and a user layer subunit 33 .
  • the data layer subunit 31 includes a weighing device database module 311 , a heating device database module 312 , a data acquisition device database module 313 , a photographing device database module 314 and a criterion database module 315 .
  • the weighing device database module 311 is used to store the data generated by the weighing device 11
  • the heating device database module 312 is used to store the data generated by the heating device
  • the data acquisition device database module 313 is used to store the data generated by the data acquisition device
  • the photographing device The database module 314 is used for storing the data generated by the photographing device 15
  • the criterion database module 315 is used for storing the identification criterion database of known surfactant solutions and user-defined criterion data.
  • the processing layer subunit 32 includes an operation control module 321 , a device control module 322 , a data receiving module 323 , a data processing module 324 , a data storage module 325 , a criterion comparison module 326 , a display module 327 and a communication module 328 .
  • the operation control module 321 is used for operation control of the substance identification device 0 of the present invention.
  • the device control module 322 is used to control the opening and closing of the weighing device 11 , the heating device, the data acquisition device 16 and the photographing device 17 and the transmission of data information.
  • the data receiving module 323 is used to transmit the signals from the weighing device 11 , the heating device, the data acquisition device 16 and the photographing device 17 to the computer system 03 , and receive instructions from the computer system 03 .
  • the data processing module 324 is used to perform signal processing on the signals from the weighing device 11, the heating device, the data acquisition device 16 and the photographing device 17, and form identification criterion data.
  • the data storage module 325 is used to store the processed data.
  • the criterion comparison module 326 is used to retrieve the identification criterion data from the data storage module 325 and the criterion database module 315, and to compare the identification criterion between the identified substance and the known substance according to the predefined criterion, and generate a substance identification result.
  • the display module 327 is used to display operation instructions, data information, and substance identification results.
  • the communication module 328 is used to control the communication interface of the computer system to communicate with the weighing device 11 , the heating device, the data acquisition device 16 , the photographing device 17 and other devices on the user side. Since the authentication software system 20 is also controlled by the control unit 19 and relies on the control unit 19 , some functions of the processing layer sub-unit 32 basically overlap with those of the control unit 19 .
  • the user layer subunit 33 includes a solution configuration module 331 , a boiling test module 332 , an image capture module 333 , a criterion management module 334 and a result display module 335 .
  • the solution configuration module 331 is used to instruct or guide the user to complete the operation process of solution configuration;
  • the boiling test module 332 is used to instruct or guide the user to complete the operation process of the boiling test;
  • the image capture module 333 is used to instruct or guide the user to complete the boiling bubble image acquisition.
  • the criterion management module 334 is used to instruct or guide the user to complete the operation process of importing, deleting or modifying the identification criteria of known surfactant substances;
  • the result display module 335 is used to instruct or guide the user to complete the display of the identification result , query and other operation procedures.

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Abstract

公开了一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法及其鉴别设备，利用鉴别设备获得多种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数，同时收集每种已知表面活性剂溶液获得沸腾特性参数所基于的前提条件，将这种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数及相对应的前提条件作为这种表面活性剂的鉴别判据；收集不同浓度、不同前提条件和不同种类表面活性剂的鉴别判据，构建出表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库；再获得在特定前提条件下待鉴别的表面活性剂的鉴别判据；将待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据与表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库中的鉴别判据进行比对，按照鉴别判据的比对方法，实现对待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别。

Description

基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾换热特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法及其鉴别设备 技术领域
本发明属于物质鉴别技术领域，尤其是一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾换热特性的表面活性剂物质鉴别方法及其鉴别设备。
背景技术
物质鉴别在各行各业都有巨大需求，目前也提出了许多的物质鉴别方法。专利1(Chen Zhiqiang，Zhang Li，Kang Kejun，Wang Xuewu，Huang Qingping，Li Yuanjing，Liu Yinong，Zhao Ziran，Xiao Yongshun，8290230，美国专利，Method and apparatus for substance identification)提出使用高能射线和低能射线透射被检查物体，以获得该物体的高能透射图像和低能透射图像来鉴别物质。专利2(Boecker Sebastian，Rasche Florian，Zichner Thomas，8263931，美国专利，Method for identifying in particular unknown substances by mass spectrometry)提出通过质谱法鉴定未知物质。专利3(H·弗赫斯，T·弗里德里希，W·施雷普。鉴别活性物质的方法[P]。德国：CN1231728，1999)提出利用扫描式光学近场显微镜设备所观察到的信号变化来检测活性物质。专利4(朱拓，倪晓武，陈国庆，高淑梅，虞锐鹏，徐辉，何海建，顾恩东。一种通过荧光光谱鉴别醇类物质的方法[P]。江苏：CN101042344，2007)提供一种利用荧光光谱方法鉴别不同浓度和不同种类的醇类物质。专利5(史薇，周成卓，谭皓月，温家琦，于红霞。基于特征液质碎片匹配的环境样品中雄激素活性物质的鉴别方法[P]，江苏省：CN111413444A，2020)提取可表征活性的特征碎片，构建基于特征碎片的雄激素活性物质筛选和鉴别方法。纵观这些方法，比较一致的特点是基本上都需要采用价格昂贵和操作需要专业化的如质谱仪、色谱仪和光谱仪等仪器，不利于实现简单经济的物质鉴别。因此，寻求简单可靠、经济实用的物质鉴别方法是当今急需解决的问题。
溶液中添加少量表面活性剂后，形成了具有一定质量浓度的表面活性剂极稀溶液。由于表面活性剂具有在气、液、固三相组成的各种界面上产生吸附的特性，当使表面活性剂溶液沸腾时，和原溶液相比，表面活性剂溶液的沸腾气泡行为和沸腾换热等特性会发生改变。在相同的沸腾工况下，表面活性剂种类不同、表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度不同，表面活性剂溶液的沸腾换热特性也会不同，若能提取未知表面活性剂物质的沸腾换热特性参数， 与已知物质的沸腾换热特性参数对比，从而可据此对表面活性剂种类进行鉴别。本发明提供的鉴别方法就是根据上述原理来鉴别表面活性剂物质。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的不足，本申请提出了基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾换热特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法及鉴别设备，利用表面活性剂溶液的沸腾换热特性，提供一种简单、方便实用、鉴别精准和价格经济的表面活性剂鉴别方法和鉴别设备。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下：
一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，获得多种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数，同时收集每种已知表面活性剂溶液获得沸腾特性参数所基于的前提条件，将这种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数及相对应的前提条件作为这种表面活性剂的鉴别判据；将不同浓度、不同前提条件和不同种表面活性剂的鉴别判据构建表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库；
步骤2，获得在特定前提条件下待鉴别的表面活性剂的鉴别判据；
步骤3，将步骤2中所采集的待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据与表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库中的数据进行数据比对，进而实现对待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别。
进一步，所述沸腾特性参数包括沸腾气泡特性参数、沸腾换热特性参数以及沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数；
进一步，所述沸腾气泡特性参数包括沸腾气泡脱离直径D d和脱离频率
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000001
分别表示为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000003
其中，n为气泡自沸腾表面形成、生长至脱离的气泡个数，D di为第i个沸腾气泡体积的当量脱离直径；f i为第i次采集的沸腾气泡脱离频率，m为拍摄设备在相同的时间间隔Δτ内连续采集的数量；
所述沸腾换热特性参数包括壁面过热度Δt和沸腾换热系数h，分别表示为：
Δt＝t w-t s
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000004
其中，t w是沸腾表面平均温度，t s是沸腾压力下表面活性剂溶液的饱和沸腾温度；Q是 加热装置施加给沸腾表面的加热功率；A是沸腾表面的面积；Δt是壁面过热度。
所述获得沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数R表示为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000005
其中，Δt是壁面过热度；h是沸腾换热系数；Δτ是时间间隔，D d是沸腾气泡脱离直径；n是气泡个数；ρ v是蒸气密度；h fg是气化潜热。
进一步，获得沸腾特性参数的前提条件包括：包括溶剂种类、配置的表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度、沸腾形式及获得相应沸腾形式的加热装置、拍摄设备的设置参数、沸腾表面材质种类和表面特征参数、加热方式及加热量设置参数、拍摄成像设备拍摄参数、图像处理设置参数、数据采集设备设置参数；
进一步，所述步骤3中数据比对的方法为：
若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值全部都在0-10％的范围内，则确定比对成功并确定被鉴别表面活性剂种类；
若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值全部都大于10％，则认为比对不成功；
若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值部分在0-10％的范围内，则单独比对由沸腾气泡特性参数形成的判据，如果沸腾气泡特性参数的相对误差的绝对值在0-10％的范围内，则确定比对成功并确定被鉴别表面活性剂种类；或者单独比对沸腾换热特性参数，或者单独比对沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数R，如果相对误差的绝对值都在0-20％的范围内，则确定比对成功并确定被鉴别表面活性剂种类。
一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备，包括溶液配置系统、沸腾测试系统、计算机系统和设备箱体；溶液配置系统用于完成表面活性剂溶液的配置；所述沸腾测试系统用于实现表面活性剂溶液的沸腾及参数采集；所述计算机系统实现对表面活性剂鉴别设备、溶液配置系统、沸腾测试系统和计算机系统本身的控制及数据处理，判据比对和结果输出，同时起显示、控制和软件载体的作用；所述设备箱体用来集中放置溶液配置系统、沸腾测试系统、计算机系统中的相关设备，从而组成一套便于携带和存放的表面活性剂物质鉴别设备。
进一步，沸腾测试系统包括沸腾容器、第一加热装置、第二加热装置、冷却装置、数据采集装置、拍摄设备及绝热装置；沸腾容器的底面与第一加热装置相接触，由第一加热 装置提供沸腾表面；在沸腾容器的侧壁设有第二加热装置，用于对沸腾表面提供热流及补充沸腾溶液的散热损失热量；冷却装置设置于沸腾容器的顶部，用于将沸腾产生的蒸汽冷凝成液体并回收至沸腾容器；由沸腾容器、第一加热装置、第二加热装置、冷却装置联合实现表面活性剂溶液的各种沸腾工况；所述数据采集装置用于采集沸腾容器内沸腾过程中的温度参数和加热量参数；所述拍摄设备朝向沸腾容器的沸腾表面设置，用于采集表面活性剂溶液在沸腾表面上的沸腾气泡图像；绝热装置包裹在沸腾测试系统外部实现保温绝热。
进一步，所述计算机系统包含有控制单元和预装的鉴别软件系统；所述控制单元用来控制称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备的工作；所述鉴别软件单元的功能为：(1)对拍摄设备采集的图像信号处理及计算、提取沸腾气泡特性参数；(2)对数据采集装置采集的沸腾过程中的温度参数、加热量参数进行处理和计算、提取沸腾换热特性参数；(3)提取沸腾气泡特性参数和提取沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数；(4)存储已知表面活性剂物质判据数据库、鉴别判断表面活性剂以及输出鉴别结果。
进一步，控制单元包括信号采集模块、信号处理模块、数据缓存模块、数据传输模块，显示模块、通讯模块和电源模块；所述信号采集模块分别与称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置、拍摄设备之间信号连接，用于采集称重设备传输的质量信号、数据采集装置采集的数据信号和拍摄设备所拍摄图像信号；信号处理模块接收信号采集模块所采集的信号并进行处理提取表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数；数据缓存模块用于存储信号处理模块提取的表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数；数据传输模块向鉴别软件系统传送数据缓存模块存储的数据以及接收鉴别软件系统发送的数据；显示模块用于显示操作命令、用户交互信息和比对结果；通讯模块用于计算机系统与称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备及用户侧其它设备进行通讯；电源模块给计算机系统、称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备及用户侧设备提供电源。
进一步，所述鉴别软件系统包括数据层子单元、处理层子单元和用户层子单元；数据层子单元包括称重设备数据库模块、加热装置数据库模块、数据采集装置数据库模块、拍摄设备数据库模块和判据数据库模块；且数据层子单元的各个模块分别用于存储称重设备所产生的数据、加热装置产生的数据、数据采集装置产生的数据、拍摄设备所产生的数据、已知表面活性剂溶液的鉴别判据数据库和用户自定义的判据数据；
处理层子单元包括操作控制模块、设备控制模块、数据接收模块、数据处理模块、数据存储模块、判据比对模块、显示模块和通讯模块；操作控制模块用于本发明物质鉴别设备的操作控制；设备控制模块用于控制称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备的 开启、关闭及其数据信息的传递；数据接收模块用于将来自称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备的信号传送给计算机系统，并接收计算机系统发出的指令；数据处理模块用于对来自称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备的信号进行信号处理并形成鉴别判据数据；数据存储模块用于存储处理后的数据；判据对比模块用于从数据存储模块和判据数据库模块调取鉴别判据数据，并依据预定义判据进行被鉴别物质与已知物质的鉴别判据对比并产生物质鉴别结果；显示模块用于显示操作指令、数据信息和物质鉴别结果等；通讯模块用于控制计算机系统通讯接口连接称重设备、加热装置、数据采集装置和拍摄设备及用户侧其他设备进行通讯；
用户层子单元包括溶液配置模块、沸腾测试模块、图像拍摄模块、判据管理模块和结果显示模块；溶液配置模块用于指导或引导用户完成溶液配置的操作流程；沸腾测试模块用于指导或引导用户完成沸腾测试的操作流程；图像拍摄模块用于指导或引导用户完成沸腾气泡图像采集的操作流程；判据管理模块用于指导或引导用户完成已知表面活性剂物质的鉴别判据的导入、删除或修改等操作流程；结果显示模块用于指导或引导用户完成鉴别结果的显示、查询等操作流程。
本发明的有益效果：
1、本申请所提出的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，利用表面活性剂溶液在沸腾过程中沸腾气泡特性、沸腾换热特性及其相关关系进行表面活性剂种类的鉴别，鉴别原理简单可靠，鉴别判据丰富，鉴别策略合理，鉴别精准度高。
2、本申请所设计的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备，该鉴别设备简单易于实现且价格经济，和现有的光谱仪、质谱仪等昂贵设备相比，其硬件费用大大降低。
3、本申请所设计的鉴别设备无需特殊维护，维护成本基本可以忽略。另外，鉴别操作流程简单，无需专业特殊培训，适合于大众化使用。
附图说明
图1是本发明表面活性剂鉴别方法流程图；
图2是本发明表面活性剂鉴别设备的示意图；
图3是本发明表面活性剂鉴别设备的沸腾测试系统图；
图4是本发明表面活性剂鉴别设备的沸腾测试系统中加热装置图；
图5是本发明表面活性剂鉴别设备的控制单元图；
图6是本发明表面活性剂鉴别设备中的鉴别软件系统构架示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示的基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，获得多种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数(包括沸腾气泡特性参数、沸腾换热特性参数以及沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系)，同时收集每种已知表面活性剂溶液获得沸腾特性参数所基于的前提条件，将该种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数及相对应的前提条件作为该种表面活性剂的鉴别判据；将不同浓度、不同前提条件和不同种表面活性剂的鉴别判据构建表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库；具体过程为：
步骤1.1，配置多种已知的表面活性剂不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液，配置方法为：
步骤1.1.1，在室温条件下，对已知的表面活性剂溶液浓度取值从20ppm开始，按等差序列选取，公差为40ppm，依次选取20、60、100、140、180、220、260、300ppm等多个质量浓度进行配置；
步骤1.1.2，根据选定的表面活性剂的溶液质量浓度，用称重设备11和溶液容器12配置一定质量的表面活性剂物质，再根据表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度，计算出所需溶剂的质量并用物质称重设备11和溶液容器12称取相应质量的溶剂；将上述称取的溶剂和称取的表面活性剂，倒入溶液容器12，配置出一定质量浓度的表面活性剂溶液；在本实施例中，溶剂可以采用水溶液，如果使用水溶液为了提供准确性的鉴别判据，防止水中杂质对鉴别判据的影响，配置表面活性剂溶液的水溶液宜为纯净水、蒸馏水或去离子水。表面活性剂溶液的溶剂也可以是非水溶液。在本实施例中，表面活性剂溶液浓度范围、取值公差、选取浓度个数也非固定，可自行决定，但优选浓度范围在0-300ppm。
步骤1.2，检测所配置的不同浓度的表面活性剂溶液在不同前提条件下的沸腾特性参数。
步骤1.2.1，将步骤1.1中配置的表面活性剂溶液倒入沸腾测试系统02的沸腾容器13中，根据选定的前提条件，开展表面活性剂溶液的沸腾测试；
步骤1.2.2，用数据采集装置16采集表面活性剂溶液沸腾过程中的沸腾参数，沸腾参数包括温度参数、加热量参数及其他用户需求参数(如测量环境温度、湿度和测量时间等)；用拍摄设备17拍摄表面活性剂溶液沸腾过程中的沸腾气泡图像信号；
步骤1.2.3，分别将数据采集装置16所采集的沸腾参数和拍摄设备17所采集的沸腾气 泡图像信号输入计算机系统03；通过计算机系统03及其控制单元19分别对沸腾气泡图像信号进行量化处理、对所采集的沸腾参数进行计算处理，获得表面活性剂溶液沸腾时的沸腾特性参数，沸腾特性参数包括沸腾气泡特性参数、沸腾换热特性参数及沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系。
步骤1.3，基于所获取的沸腾特性参数、已知表面活性剂物质和前提条件形成已知表面活性剂物质的鉴别判据数据库。具体过程如下：
同时，计算机系统03提取获得沸腾特性参数时对应的溶质(即已知表面活性剂种类)和前提条件(包括溶剂种类、配置的表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度、沸腾形式及获得相应沸腾形式的加热装置、拍摄设备的设置参数、沸腾表面材质种类和表面特征参数、加热方式及加热量设置参数、拍摄成像设备拍摄参数、图像处理设置参数、数据采集设备设置参数)，将获得的沸腾特性参数及其对应的溶液条件、前提条件均存储到判据数据库中，从而获得在该条件下的已知表面活性剂物质的鉴别判据；依次对不同质量浓度的已知表面活性剂溶液重复上述测试，即可获得已知表面活性剂物质的鉴别判据数据库。
步骤2，获取待鉴别的表面活性剂的鉴别判据；具体过程为：
步骤2.1，确定待鉴别表面活性剂鉴别的前提条件，所述前提条件包括溶剂种类、表面活性剂溶液质量浓度、沸腾形式及获得相应沸腾形式的加热装置、拍摄设备的设置参数、沸腾表面材质种类和表面特征参数、加热方式及加热量设置参数、拍摄成像设备拍摄参数、图像处理设置参数、数据采集设备设置参数等；
步骤2.2，根据确定的前提条件，进行待鉴别表面活性物质溶液的配置；
步骤2.3，将待鉴别表面活性溶液倒入沸腾测试系统中的沸腾容器中，根据确定的前提条件，开展表面活性剂溶液的沸腾测试，用数据采集装置16采集待鉴别表面活性剂溶液沸腾过程中的沸腾参数(即温度参数、加热量参数及其他用户需求参数)；用拍摄设备17拍摄待鉴别表面活性剂溶液沸腾过程中的沸腾气泡图像信号；
步骤2.4，对沸腾气泡图像信号进行量化处理和对采集的沸腾参数进行计算处理，获得待鉴别表面活性剂溶液沸腾时的沸腾气泡特性参数、沸腾换热特性参数及其之间的相关关系参数，同时获得这些参数获取对应的前提条件，从而形成待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据；
沸腾气泡特性参数包括沸腾气泡脱离直径和脱离频率，本实施例中获取沸腾气泡特性参数及其鉴别判据的方法为：
当表面活性剂溶液在加热表面发生核态沸腾时，在加热表面上，气泡会不断形成、生长和脱离，当热流密度或加热表面过热度不是很高时，如高过冷度下(15度以上)，单个 气泡在沸腾表面上的产生、生长、脱离乃至破裂可清晰的获得其图像特征，通过对高速摄像设备拍摄的沸腾气泡图像，基于外形图像分析方法，借助图像处理软件对气泡图像信号的数字化处理，即可获得气泡的脱离直径，同时也可以获得气泡脱离直径随工况参数变化而变化的规律。在本发明中，考虑到沸腾气泡脱离时并非球形气泡，本发明中定义沸腾气泡当量球脱离直径。通过对沸腾气泡图像的处理，可获得沸腾气泡的体积，假设拍摄到的第i个沸腾气泡图像中沸腾气泡脱离时的体积为V i，采用沸腾气泡体积定义沸腾气泡的当量脱离直径D di，其计算式为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000006
此外，考虑到沸腾气泡脱离直径具有统计分布特征，沸腾气泡脱离直径用算术平均计算平均值。当拍摄设备在某工况下采集的脱离气泡有n个时，此时沸腾气泡的平均当量脱离直径D d可表达为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000007
表面活性剂溶液种类、浓度、热流密度、过冷度等发生变化时，所获得的沸腾气泡的平均当量脱离直径都不同。当沸腾工况条件一致时，即可根据沸腾气泡的平均当量脱离直径来鉴别表面活性剂种类。以沸腾气泡的平均当量脱离直径为例，相同前提条件下，以沸腾气泡的平均当量脱离直径为基准的鉴别判据相对误差的绝对值定义为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000008
对气泡的脱离频率，在一定的沸腾工况下，假设在时间间隔Δτ内，拍摄设备第i次采集到气泡自沸腾表面形成、生长至脱离的气泡有n个，此时沸腾气泡脱离频率的定义为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000009
考虑到沸腾气泡脱离频率具有统计分布特征，沸腾气泡脱离频率用算术平均计算平均值。在某工况下，拍摄设备在相同的时间间隔Δτ内连续采集m次，此时沸腾气泡的平均脱离频率可表达为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000010
以沸腾气泡的平均脱离频率为例，相同前提条件下，以沸腾气泡的平均脱离频率为基准的鉴别判据相对误差的绝对值定义为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000011
上述沸腾气泡特性参数不仅限于包括沸腾气泡脱离直径和脱离频率，还包括气泡生长时间、气泡孕育时间、气泡周期时间、气泡上升速度、气泡密度等沸腾气泡特性参数。
沸腾换热特性参数包括壁面过热度和沸腾换热系数，在本实施例中获取沸腾换热特性参数及其鉴别判据的方法为：
本发明中壁面过热度Δt的定义为沸腾表面平均温度t w与沸腾压力下表面活性剂溶液的饱和沸腾温度t s的差值。考虑到表面活性剂的质量浓度很低，沸腾压力下表面活性剂溶液的饱和沸腾温度近似为溶剂对应的饱和沸腾温度，如水在一个大气压力下的饱和温度取为100摄氏度。沸腾表面的平均温度可通过测量沸腾表面背面温度计算获得，考虑到沸腾表面为金属表面和加热装置进行了绝热，沸腾表面的平均温度近似等于沸腾表面背面温度的算术平均值；沸腾表面的平均温度也可通过红外辐射测温仪器直接测量获得。于是，壁面过热度Δt计算式为：
Δt＝t w-t s
对沸腾换热系数h，本发明中的定义为：一定沸腾表面下，沸腾换热系数等于热流密度q除以壁面过热度Δt，热流密度为加热装置施加给沸腾表面的加热功率Q除以沸腾表面的面积A。沸腾换热系数h的计算式为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000012
以沸腾换热特性参数为基准的鉴别判据相对误差的绝对值的定义类似于沸腾气泡特性参数，分别为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000013
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000014
沸腾换热特性参数不仅限于壁面过热度和沸腾换热系数，还包括起始沸腾点、临界热流密度等沸腾换热特性参数。
获得沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数的方法为：在较高的壁面过热度下(通常大于15摄氏度)，沸腾换热过程以气泡蒸发机理为主，生长一个沸腾气泡的蒸发热Q E是沸腾气泡的体积与蒸气密度ρ v、气化潜热h fg的乘积，可表达为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000015
假设在时间间隔Δτ内，拍摄设备采集到n个气泡的生长，则此时沸腾气泡总的蒸发热流q E为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000016
生长沸腾气泡的蒸发热是通过气泡的横截面积传入的，而传入气泡的热量来自于沸腾表面的加热量，据此机理或模型，即可建立沸腾换热特性参数与沸腾气泡特性参数之间的相关关系，相关关系可写成：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000017
也可表达成：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000018
其中，q是热流密度，Q是加热功率，A是沸腾表面的面积，h是沸腾换热系，Δt是壁面过热度；定义沸腾换热特性参数与沸腾气泡特性参数之间的相关关系参数R，表达为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000019
此式即给出了沸腾换热特性参数(沸腾换热系数和壁面过热度)与沸腾气泡特性参数(沸腾气泡脱离当量平均直径)之间的相关关系参数R。溶剂为水时，蒸气密度ρ v及气化潜热h fg的近似取为水蒸气的密度和水的气化潜热。以沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数为基准的鉴别判据，其相对误差的绝对值的可定义为：
Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-000020
步骤3，将步骤2中所采集的待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据与表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库中的数据进行比对，进而实现对待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别；具体过程为：
借助计算机系统03及其控制单元19，将步骤2中获取的待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据与鉴别判据数据库中相同前提条件下的已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据进行比对；若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值全部都在0-10％的范围内，则确定比对成功，已知表面活性剂与被鉴别表面活性剂是同一种物质；如果已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值全部都大于10％，则认为比对不成功，已知表面活性剂与被鉴别表面活性剂物质不是同一种物质；如果已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值部分在 0-10％的范围内，部分大于10％，则单独比对由沸腾气泡特性参数形成的判据，如果沸腾气泡特性参数的相对误差的绝对值在0-10％的范围内，则确定比对成功，已知表面活性剂与被鉴别表面活性剂是同一种物质；也可单独比对由沸腾换热特性参数形成的鉴别判据，或者单独比对由沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数的依变关系参数形成的判据，如果相对误差的绝对值都在0-20％的范围内，则确定比对成功，已知表面活性剂与被鉴别表面活性剂是同一种物质。
如图2所示的基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备0，包括溶液配置系统01、沸腾测试系统02、计算机系统03和设备箱体04。溶液配置系统01用于完成表面活性剂溶液的配置；所述沸腾测试系统02用于实现表面活性剂溶液的沸腾及其参数采集；所述计算机系统03实现对表面活性剂鉴别设备0、溶液配置系统01、沸腾测试系统02和计算机系统03本身的控制及其数据处理，判据比对和结果输出等，同时起显示、控制和软件载体的作用；所述设备箱体04用来集中放置溶液配置系统01、沸腾测试系统02、计算机系统03中的相关设备，从而组成一套便于携带和存放的表面活性剂物质鉴别设备0。
具体而言，溶液配置系统01包括称重设备11和溶液容器12；称重设备11用来称量待测表面活性剂质量和溶剂质量并配置一定质量浓度的表面活性剂溶液；称重设备11可为电子天平，根据表面活性剂的质量浓度范围和精度要求，称重设备量程范围宜为0-150克，精度优选为0.1毫克。为便于鉴别设备的自动控制，称重设备11优选配置有通讯端口的称重设备，便于实现称重设备11的开启和关闭控制、参数设置控制和质量数据的传递及存储等功能。溶液容器12用来盛放表面活性剂物质、溶剂和配置的表面活性剂溶液。溶液容器优选为容积为150毫升至500毫升的玻璃烧杯。
沸腾测试系统02如图3所示，包括沸腾容器13、第一加热装置14A、第二加热装置14B、冷却装置15、数据采集装置16、拍摄设备17及绝热装置18。沸腾容器13的底面与第一加热装置14A相接触，由第一加热装置14A提供沸腾表面；在沸腾容器13的侧壁设有第二加热装置14B，用于对沸腾表面提供热流及补充沸腾溶液的散热损失热量；冷却装置15设置于沸腾容器13的顶部，其为间壁式换热器，用于将沸腾产生的蒸汽冷凝成液体并回收至沸腾容器13，冷却介质为冷水或空气，冷却介质的流量和温度根据沸腾工况来确定，冷却装置15上开设有通气小孔，以保证沸腾容器中压力与大气压力相一致。沸腾容器13、第一加热装置14A、第二加热装置14B、冷却装置15联合实现表面活性剂溶液的各种沸腾工况。所述数据采集装置16为适用多类型信号、多通道的数据采集装置，优选参数为模拟输入通道数不少于32通道、外部输入信号可为温度、电流、电压、电阻、开关状态等、 采样周期优选最低可至5毫秒、具备运算功能和统计功能和相应存储装置；数据采集装置16用于采集沸腾容器13内沸腾过程中的温度参数和加热量参数，其中，温度参数包括沸腾表面的温度、沸腾容器中溶液的温度、绝热装置18中绝热材料的温度、环境温度；加热量参数包括加热装置的加热功率或加热电流及电压。拍摄设备17朝向沸腾容器13的沸腾表面设置，用于采集表面活性剂溶液在沸腾表面上的沸腾气泡图像。所述拍摄设备17优选为高速数码摄像设备，最快帧比率宜大于每秒25帧，快门速度宜小于0.1秒最小曝光，拍摄设备17优选配有通讯端口，便于实现拍摄设备的自动开启和关闭控制、拍摄参数的设置和润湿图像信息的传递及存储。
绝热装置18包裹在沸腾容器13和第一加热装置14A的外部，用于对沸腾容器13和加热装置的保温绝热，保证沸腾系统近似为绝热系统。沸腾容器13优选为有机玻璃材质或带有可视孔的金属材质的正方形容器，高度优选为150-200毫米，容积优选为400-600毫升。所述绝热装置18为填充有保温绝热材料的固定在沸腾容器四周的保温层，所用保温材料可优选为石棉、玻璃纤维、矿渣棉、气凝胶毡等中温场合用的经济保温绝热材料，保温层外围用铝箔包裹固定，保温层的厚度通过保温材料种类和沸腾工况来确定，所述拍摄设备17及其光源对应的区域不填充保温材料，以便实现沸腾气泡图像的拍摄。
所述第一加热装置14A和第二加热装置14B如图4所示，其为恒热流密度加热装置，包括稳压电源141、第一调压器142A、第二调压器142B、第一电压测量元件143A、第二电压测量元件143B、第一电流测量元件144A、第二电流测量元件144B、第一电阻加热元件145A、第二电阻加热元件145B、沸腾表面146；稳压电源141分别通过第一调压器142A、第二调压器142B对应连接第一电阻加热元件145A和第二电阻加热元件145B；利用稳压电源141和调压器用来稳定和调节电阻加热元件的加热电压，从而实现电阻加热元件的加热量的稳定和调整，稳压电源141的电压优选为220V交流电源或直流电源；分别利用第一电流测量元件144A、第二电流测量元件144B、第一电压测量元件143A、第二电压测量元件143B测量第一电阻加热元件145A和第二电阻加热元件145B的加热电压和电流，电压测量元件和电流测量元件优选为精度为0.01伏特和0.001安培的测量元件，且优选为带电压或电流信号输出的测量元件，便于测量数据的传输、显示和保存；电阻加热元件优选为加热薄膜或加热丝及加热带；沸腾表面146可为各种金属材质和尺寸的固体表面，保持沸腾表面146平整清洁，同时用砂纸精磨，以保证各个位置具有相同的表面粗糙度，沸腾表面146优选为紫铜固体表面；沸腾表面146的尺寸优选为长3厘米、宽3厘米、厚0.5厘米，砂纸优选为600#的金相砂纸。所述第一加热装置14A也可为恒壁温加热装置，此时加热介质为热流体和热蒸气，加热介质的流量和温度根据沸腾工况要求来确定。
计算机系统03包含有控制单元19和预装的鉴别软件系统20。控制单元19用来控制称重设备11、加热装置(包括第一加热装置14A和第二加热装置14B)、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17的工作；鉴别软件单元20实现以下功能：(1)对拍摄设备17采集的图像信号处理及计算、提取沸腾气泡特性参数；(2)对数据采集装置16采集的沸腾过程中的温度参数、加热量参数进行处理和计算、提取沸腾换热特性参数；(3)提取沸腾气泡特性参数和提取沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系R；(4)存储已知表面活性剂物质判据数据库、鉴别判断表面活性剂以及输出鉴别结果。如图5所示，控制单元19包括信号采集模块21、信号处理模块22、数据缓存模块23、数据传输模块24，显示模块25、通讯模块26和电源模块27。所述信号采集模块21分别与称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16、拍摄设备17之间信号连接，用于采集称重设备11传输的质量信号、数据采集装置16采集的数据信号和拍摄设备17所拍摄图像信号，进而获取称重设备11所称量物质的质量信息、数据采集装置16所采集的数据信息和拍摄设备15所拍摄的图像信息。信号处理模块22接收信号采集模块21所采集的信号并进行处理，信号处理模块22对图像信号参数数据信号进行处理，获得表面活性剂溶液的沸腾气泡行为特性参数和沸腾换热特性参数，以及提取沸腾气泡特性参数和提取沸腾换热特性参数的依变关系及相关关系参数。数据缓存模块23用于存储信号处理模块22提取的沸腾气泡特性参数、沸腾换热特性参数及其它们之间的相关关系参数。数据传输模块24用于将数据缓存模块23存储的数据传送给鉴别软件系统18和接收鉴别软件系统18发送的数据。显示模块25用于显示操作命令、用户交互信息和比对结果等。通讯模块26用于计算机系统03与称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17及用户侧其它设备进行通讯。电源模块27给计算机系统03供应电源，也可给称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17及用户侧设备提供电源。
如图6所示的鉴别软件系统20预装在计算机系统03内，同时依托于控制单元19。鉴别软件系统20的构架包括数据层子单元31、处理层子单元32和用户层子单元33。
数据层子单元31包括称重设备数据库模块311、加热装置数据库模块312、数据采集装置数据库模块313、拍摄设备数据库模块314和判据数据库模块315。称重设备数据库模块311用于存储称重设备11所产生的数据，加热装置数据库模块312用于存储加热装置产生的数据，数据采集装置数据库模块313用于存储数据采集装置产生的数据，拍摄设备数据库模块314用于存储拍摄设备15所产生的数据，判据数据库模块315用于存储已知表面活性剂溶液的鉴别判据数据库和用户自定义的判据数据。
处理层子单元32包括操作控制模块321、设备控制模块322、数据接收模块323、数 据处理模块324、数据存储模块325、判据比对模块326、显示模块327和通讯模块328。操作控制模块321用于本发明物质鉴别设备0的操作控制。设备控制模块322用于控制称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17的开启、关闭及其数据信息的传递。数据接收模块323用于将来自称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17的信号传送给计算机系统03，并接收计算机系统03发出的指令。数据处理模块324用于对来自称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17的信号进行信号处理，并形成鉴别判据数据。数据存储模块325用于存储处理后的数据。判据对比模块326用于从数据存储模块325和判据数据库模块315调取鉴别判据数据，并依据预定义判据进行被鉴别物质与已知物质的鉴别判据对比并产生物质鉴别结果。显示模块327用于显示操作指令、数据信息和物质鉴别结果等。通讯模块328用于控制计算机系统通讯接口连接称重设备11、加热装置、数据采集装置16和拍摄设备17及用户侧其他设备进行通讯。由于鉴别软件系统20也受控制单元19的控制，依托于控制单元19，因此所述处理层子单元32的部分功能与控制单元19的基本重合。
用户层子单元33包括溶液配置模块331、沸腾测试模块332、图像拍摄模块333、判据管理模块334和结果显示模块335。溶液配置模块331用于指导或引导用户完成溶液配置的操作流程；沸腾测试模块332用于指导或引导用户完成沸腾测试的操作流程；图像拍摄模块333用于指导或引导用户完成沸腾气泡图像采集的操作流程；判据管理模块334用于指导或引导用户完成已知表面活性剂物质的鉴别判据的导入、删除或修改等操作流程；结果显示模块335用于指导或引导用户完成鉴别结果的显示、查询等操作流程。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的设计思想和特点，其目的在于使本领域内的技术人员能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，本发明的保护范围不限于上述实施例。所以，凡依据本发明所揭示的原理、设计思路所作的等同变化或修饰，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤1，获得多种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数，同时收集每种已知表面活性剂溶液获得沸腾特性参数所基于的前提条件，将这种已知表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数及相对应的前提条件作为这种表面活性剂的鉴别判据；收集不同浓度、不同前提条件和不同种类表面活性剂的鉴别判据，构建出表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库；
    步骤2，获得在特定前提条件下待鉴别的表面活性剂的鉴别判据；
    步骤3，将步骤2中所采集的待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据与表面活性剂鉴别判据数据库中的数据进行数据比对，进而实现对待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，其特征在于，所述沸腾特性参数包括沸腾气泡特性参数、沸腾换热特性参数以及沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，其特征在于，所述沸腾气泡特性参数包括沸腾气泡脱离直径D d和脱离频率
    Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-100001
    分别表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-100002
    其中，n为气泡自沸腾表面形成、生长至脱离的气泡个数，D di为第i个沸腾气泡体积的当量脱离直径；fi为第i次采集的沸腾气泡脱离频率，m为拍摄设备在相同的时间间隔Δτ内连续采集的次数；
    所述沸腾换热特性参数包括壁面过热度Δt和沸腾换热系数h，分别表示为：
    Δt＝t w-t s；
    Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-100003
    其中，t w是沸腾表面平均温度，t s是沸腾压力下表面活性剂溶液的饱和沸腾温度；Q是加热装置施加给沸腾表面的加热功率；A是沸腾表面的面积；Δt是壁面过热度；
    所述获得沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数R表示为：
    Figure PCTCN2021077615-appb-100004
    其中，Δτ是时间间隔，；ρ v是蒸气密度；h fg是气化潜热。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，其特征在于，获得沸腾特性参数的前提条件包括：包括溶剂种类、配置的表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度、沸腾形式及获得相应沸腾形式的加热装置、拍摄设备的设置参数、沸腾表面材质种类和表面特征参数、加热方式及加热量设置参数、拍摄成像设备拍摄参数、图像处理设置参数、数据采集设备设置参数。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中数据比对的方法为：
    若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值全部都在0-10％的范围内，则确定比对成功并确定被鉴别表面活性剂种类；
    若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值全部都大于10％，则认为比对不成功；
    若已知表面活性剂的鉴别判据与待鉴别表面活性剂的鉴别判据的相对误差的绝对值部分在0-10％的范围内，则单独比对由沸腾气泡特性参数形成的判据，如果沸腾气泡特性参数的相对误差的绝对值在0-10％的范围内，则确定比对成功并确定被鉴别表面活性剂种类；或者单独比对沸腾换热特性参数或者沸腾气泡特性参数与沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数R，如果沸腾换热特性参数或相关关系参数R的相对误差的绝对值都在0-20％的范围内，则确定比对成功并确定被鉴别表面活性剂种类。
  6. 一种基于权利要求5所述表面活性剂鉴别方法的鉴别设备，其特征在于，包括溶液配置系统(01)、沸腾测试系统(02)、计算机系统(03)和设备箱体(04)；溶液配置系统(01)用于完成表面活性剂溶液的配置；所述沸腾测试系统(02)用于实现表面活性剂溶液的沸腾及参数采集；所述计算机系统(03)实现对表面活性剂鉴别设备、溶液配置系统(01)、沸腾测试系统(02)和计算机系统(03)本身的控制及数据处理，判据比对和结果输出，同时起显示、控制和软件载体的作用；所述设备箱体(04)用来集中放置溶液配置系统(01)、沸腾测试系统(02)、计算机系统(03)中的相关设备，从而组成一套便于携带和存放的表面活性剂物质鉴别设备。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备，其特征在于，沸腾测试系统(02)包括沸腾容器(13)、第一加热装置(14A)、第二加热装置(14B)、冷却装置(15)、数据采集装置(16)、拍摄设备(17)及绝热装置(18)；沸腾容器(13)的底面与第一加热装置(14A)相接触，由第一加热装置(14A)提供沸腾表面；在沸腾容器(13)的侧壁设有第二加热装置(14B)，用于对沸腾表面提供热流及补 充沸腾溶液的散热损失热量；冷却装置(15)设置于沸腾容器(13)的顶部，用于将沸腾产生的蒸汽冷凝成液体并回收至沸腾容器(13)；由沸腾容器(13)、第一加热装置(14A)、第二加热装置(14B)、冷却装置(15)联合实现表面活性剂溶液的各种沸腾工况；所述数据采集装置(16)用于采集沸腾容器(13)内沸腾过程中的温度参数和加热量参数；所述拍摄设备(17)朝向沸腾容器(13)的沸腾表面设置，用于采集表面活性剂溶液在沸腾表面上的沸腾气泡图像；绝热装置(18)包裹在沸腾测试系统(02)外部实现保温绝热。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备，其特征在于，所述计算机系统(03)包含有控制单元(19)和预装的鉴别软件系统(20)；所述控制单元(19)用来控制称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)的工作；所述鉴别软件单元(20)的功能为：1、对拍摄设备(17)采集的图像信号处理及计算、提取沸腾气泡特性参数；2、对数据采集装置(16)采集的沸腾过程中的温度参数、加热量参数进行处理和计算、提取沸腾换热特性参数；3、提取沸腾气泡特性参数和提取沸腾换热特性参数之间的相关关系参数；4、存储已知表面活性剂物质判据数据库、鉴别判断表面活性剂以及输出鉴别结果。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备，其特征在于，控制单元(19)包括信号采集模块(21)、信号处理模块(22)、数据缓存模块(23)、数据传输模块(24)、显示模块(25)、通讯模块(26)和电源模块(27)；所述信号采集模块(21)分别与称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)、拍摄设备(17)之间信号连接，用于采集称重设备(11)传输的质量信号、数据采集装置(16)采集的数据信号和拍摄设备(17)所拍摄图像信号；信号处理模块(22)接收信号采集模块(21)所采集的信号并进行处理提取表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数；数据缓存模块(23)用于存储信号处理模块(22)提取的表面活性剂溶液的沸腾特性参数；数据传输模块(24)向鉴别软件系统(18)传送数据缓存模块(23)存储的数据以及接收鉴别软件系统(18)发送的数据；显示模块(25)用于显示操作命令、用户交互信息和比对结果；通讯模块(26)用于计算机系统(03)与称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)及用户侧其它设备进行通讯；电源模块(27)给计算机系统(03)、称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)及用户侧设备提供电源。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的一种基于表面活性剂溶液沸腾特性的表面活性剂鉴别设备，其特征在于，所述鉴别软件系统(20)包括数据层子单元(31)、处理层子单元(32)和用户层子单元(33)；数据层子单元(31)包括称重设备数据库模块(311)、加热装置数 据库模块(312)、数据采集装置数据库模块(313)、拍摄设备数据库模块(314)和判据数据库模块(315)；且数据层子单元(31)的各个模块分别用于存储称重设备(11)所产生的数据、加热装置(14)产生的数据、数据采集装置(16)产生的数据、拍摄设备(15)所产生的数据、已知表面活性剂溶液的鉴别判据数据库和用户自定义的判据数据；
    处理层子单元(32)包括操作控制模块(321)、设备控制模块(322)、数据接收模块(323)、数据处理模块(324)、数据存储模块(325)、判据比对模块(326)、显示模块(327)和通讯模块(328)；操作控制模块(321)用于本发明物质鉴别设备的操作控制；设备控制模块(322)用于控制称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)的开启、关闭及其数据信息的传递；数据接收模块(323)用于将来自称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)的信号传送给计算机系统(03)，并接收计算机系统03发出的指令；数据处理模块324用于对来自称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)的信号进行信号处理并形成鉴别判据数据；数据存储模块(325)用于存储处理后的数据；判据对比模块(326)用于从数据存储模块(325)和判据数据库模块(315)调取鉴别判据数据，并依据预定义判据进行被鉴别物质与已知物质的鉴别判据对比并产生物质鉴别结果；显示模块(327)用于显示操作指令、数据信息和物质鉴别结果等；通讯模块(328)用于控制计算机系统通讯接口连接称重设备(11)、加热装置、数据采集装置(16)和拍摄设备(17)及用户侧其他设备进行通讯；
    用户层子单元(33)包括溶液配置模块(331)、沸腾测试模块(332)、图像拍摄模块(333)、判据管理模块(334)和结果显示模块(335)；溶液配置模块(331)用于指导或引导用户完成溶液配置的操作流程；沸腾测试模块(332)用于指导或引导用户完成沸腾测试的操作流程；图像拍摄模块(333)用于指导或引导用户完成沸腾气泡图像采集的操作流程；判据管理模块(334)用于指导或引导用户完成已知表面活性剂物质的鉴别判据的导入、删除或修改等操作流程；结果显示模块(335)用于指导或引导用户完成鉴别结果的显示、查询等操作流程。
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