WO2022156258A1 - 一种变流器及牵引传动系统 - Google Patents

一种变流器及牵引传动系统 Download PDF

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WO2022156258A1
WO2022156258A1 PCT/CN2021/120170 CN2021120170W WO2022156258A1 WO 2022156258 A1 WO2022156258 A1 WO 2022156258A1 CN 2021120170 W CN2021120170 W CN 2021120170W WO 2022156258 A1 WO2022156258 A1 WO 2022156258A1
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Prior art keywords
converter
resistor
auxiliary
inverter
converter according
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PCT/CN2021/120170
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
闫柏辉
张义
范荣辉
陈侃
李玉鹏
李玮斌
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株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022156258A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022156258A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P5/00—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors
    • H02P5/74—Arrangements specially adapted for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of two or more electric motors controlling two or more ac dynamo-electric motors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of locomotives, in particular to a converter; and also to a traction drive system.
  • the converter As the power source of the locomotive, the converter is very important for the operation of the locomotive.
  • the converter is usually provided with a rectifier and an inverter.
  • the rectifier rectifies the alternating current into direct current, and then the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current to drive the traction motor.
  • the converter With the development of science and technology, the converter is constantly updated. Axle control, low weight and strong maintainability have become the focus of increasing attention. Therefore, it has become an urgent technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art to provide a converter that can be controlled by a shaft, has a low weight, is highly maintainable, and meets the GOST standard.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a converter, which can realize shaft control, meet the GOST standard, and can reduce the weight of the equipment and improve the maintainability of the equipment.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a traction transmission system, which also has the above-mentioned technical effects.
  • a converter including:
  • N is a positive integer;
  • the converter module includes: a four-quadrant rectifier with two bridge arms, a four-quadrant rectifier with three bridge arms, an inverter with three bridge arms, and a middle DC circuit; the control pulses of each of the four-quadrant rectifiers are sequentially staggered and output by the TCU; the converter is fully sealed and a shielded laminate contact is provided at the incoming line.
  • the auxiliary inverter is a three-arm auxiliary inverter.
  • the converter includes two power boards, so that when the main power board fails, the backup power board supplies power.
  • the input end of the converter module connected to the auxiliary inverter is also connected to a power supply device in the library.
  • the converter includes a triple converter module.
  • the intermediate DC loop includes:
  • Grounding detection circuit used to detect the grounding condition
  • an intermediate voltage sensor for detecting the voltage of the intermediate DC circuit
  • the secondary resonance capacitor is used to form a secondary resonance circuit in series with the resonance reactor in the main transformer;
  • the chopper circuit includes:
  • a first current sensor and a first resistor are respectively connected to one end of the first resistor and the four-quadrant rectifier of the three bridge arms, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the DC bus.
  • the grounding detection circuit includes:
  • a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a voltage sensor the second resistor is connected in series with the third resistor and then connected to the DC bus, and the first capacitor is connected in series with the second capacitor and then connected to the DC bus; one end of the voltage sensor is connected to the DC bus, the other end of the voltage sensor is connected between the second resistor and the third resistor, and the first capacitor is connected to the third resistor. between the two capacitors, and ground.
  • the converter further includes:
  • the charging short circuit is used to ensure the normal operation of the converter module.
  • the charging short circuit includes:
  • the first contactor is connected in series with the fourth resistor and then connected in parallel with the second contactor, the first common terminal is connected to one end of the traction secondary winding of the main transformer, and the second common terminal is connected to the converter module; the input current sensor is connected to the other end of the traction secondary winding of the main transformer and the converter module.
  • the converter further includes:
  • An output current sensor for detecting the output current of the converter.
  • the number of the supporting capacitors is two.
  • the number of the intermediate voltage sensors is two.
  • the present application also provides a traction drive system
  • the traction drive system includes a main transformer, the above-mentioned converter, and a traction motor.
  • the number of the converters is two.
  • the auxiliary inverters in the two converters work simultaneously to supply power to the auxiliary system, and one of the auxiliary inverters works in a constant voltage and constant frequency mode, and the other auxiliary inverter works in a constant voltage and constant frequency mode.
  • the inverter works in a variable voltage and variable frequency mode; when one of the auxiliary inverters fails, the other auxiliary inverter supplies power to the auxiliary system and works in a variable voltage and variable frequency mode.
  • the converter provided by the present application includes: a TCU, an auxiliary inverter and an N-fold converter module, where N is a positive integer; the converter module includes: a four-quadrant rectifier with two bridge arms and a four-quadrant rectifier with three bridge arms , an inverter with three bridge arms and an intermediate DC circuit; the control pulses of each of the four-quadrant rectifiers are sequentially staggered and output by the TCU; the converter is fully sealed and the incoming line is provided with a shielded laminated contact.
  • the converter modules in the converters provided by the present application all include a four-quadrant rectifier with two bridge arms, a four-quadrant rectifier with three bridge arms, an inverter with three bridge arms, and an intermediate DC circuit, which can realize independent shaft control.
  • the converter module in the converter provided by the present application adopts a two-leg four-quadrant rectifier, a three-leg four-quadrant rectifier, and a three-leg four-quadrant rectifier.
  • the design of quadrant rectifier and inverter with three bridge arms can not only reduce the weight of the equipment, but also improve the maintainability of the equipment.
  • the converter provided by this application adopts a fully sealed design to reduce external interference, and a shielded laminated contact is provided at the incoming line, which can reduce the input and output external radiation; at the same time, in software, it is used for the control pulse of each four-quadrant rectifier.
  • the TCUs are sequentially staggered and output, so that the harmonics of each heavy current can cancel each other, reducing the harmonic content of the primary current after multiple superposition, so as to meet the GOST standard.
  • the traction drive system provided by the present application also has the above technical effects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of another converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a telex system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the core of the present application is to provide a converter, which can realize shaft control, meet the GOST standard, and can reduce the weight of the equipment and improve the maintainability of the equipment.
  • Another core of the present application is to provide a traction transmission system, which also has the above technical effects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a converter according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the converter mainly includes:
  • the converter module 30 includes: a four-quadrant rectifier 301 with two bridge arms, The four-quadrant rectifier 302, the three-arm inverter 304 and the intermediate DC circuit 303; the control pulses of each four-quadrant rectifier are sequentially staggered and output by the TCU10; the converter is fully sealed and the incoming line is provided with a shielded laminated junction.
  • the converter provided by the present application is provided with N independent converter modules 30, where N is a positive integer.
  • the converter includes a triple converter module 30 , ie, N is equal to three.
  • Each converter module 30 can complete independent axis control, that is, each inverter module can independently control one motor.
  • Each converter module 30 includes a four-quadrant rectifier 301 with two arms, a four-quadrant rectifier 302 with three arms, an inverter 304 with three arms, and an intermediate DC circuit 303, which is completely independent.
  • the four-quadrant rectifier 301 with two bridge arms refers to a four-quadrant rectifier with two bridge arms composed of four IGBTs.
  • Q1 to Q4 constitute a four-quadrant rectifier with two bridge arms
  • Q1 and Q3 are connected to form a bridge arm
  • Q2 and Q4 are connected to form a bridge arm.
  • the three-leg four-quadrant rectifier 302 refers to a four-quadrant rectifier with three legs and consisting of six IGBTs.
  • Q5 to Q10 form a four-quadrant rectifier with three bridge arms.
  • the two bridge arms of the double-arm four-quadrant rectifier 301 are connected to one end of the traction secondary winding of the main transformer, and the other end of the traction secondary winding is connected to the two bridge arms of the three-arm four-quadrant rectifier 302 .
  • the three-leg inverter 304 refers to an inverter with three legs composed of six IGBTs.
  • Q11 to Q16 form an inverter with three bridge arms
  • Q11 and Q14 are connected to form a bridge arm
  • Q12 and Q15 are connected to form a bridge arm
  • Q13 and Q16 are connected to form a bridge arm.
  • the combination of the converter module 30 configured as a four-quadrant rectifier 301 with two arms, a four-quadrant rectifier 302 with three arms, and an inverter 304 with three arms can greatly improve the maintainability of the equipment, and can reduce the weight of the equipment . If the four-quadrant rectifier is partially faulty, only the four-quadrant rectifier 301 with two arms can be replaced, while the four-quadrant rectifier 302 with three arms can be retained. In contrast to the traditional technical solution, the entire four-quadrant rectifier with four arms needs to be replaced.
  • the converter provided by the present application is further provided with one auxiliary inverter 20, thereby realizing the integration of main and auxiliary.
  • the auxiliary inverter 20 is connected to a converter module 30 in the converter for supplying power to the auxiliary system.
  • the auxiliary inverter 20 is a three-arm auxiliary inverter 20 . As shown in FIG. 2 , Q17 to Q22 constitute an auxiliary inverter 20 having three bridge arms.
  • the converter when the converter includes the triple converter module 30 , the three groups of four-quadrant rectifiers in the converter correspond to the three traction secondary windings of the main transformer, and the three groups of inverters correspond to the three traction secondary windings. motor.
  • the four-quadrant module in FIG. 3 refers to a four-quadrant rectifier (including a four-quadrant rectifier 301 with two arms and a four-quadrant rectifier 302 with three arms), the inverter module refers to the inverter, and the auxiliary transformer module refers to the auxiliary inverter 20.
  • the converter provided by the present application adopts a harmonic elimination scheme of multiple carrier phase shifting, and the control pulses of each four-quadrant rectifier are sequentially staggered and output by the TCU 10 .
  • the multiplicity of the four-quadrant rectifiers in the entire converter is six.
  • the phases of the triangular carriers that are used to modulate the control pulses are staggered by 1/12 carrier cycle, so that the control pulses of the 6-fold four-quadrant rectifier can be staggered and developed, so that the current The harmonics can cancel each other, thereby reducing the harmonic content of the primary current after multiple superposition.
  • the converter provided by the present application adopts a fully sealed structure to reduce external interference, and a shielded laminated joint is provided at the incoming line, which can reduce the input and output external radiation.
  • the converter can meet the GOST certification standard and meet the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of the vehicle.
  • the intermediate DC loop 303 is located between the three-leg four-quadrant rectifier 302 and the three-leg four-quadrant inverter.
  • the intermediate DC loop 303 includes: a chopper circuit for overvoltage suppression; a grounding detection circuit for detecting grounding conditions; an intermediate voltage sensor for detecting the voltage of the intermediate DC loop 303 ; Secondary resonant capacitor, used in series with the resonant reactor in the main transformer to form a secondary resonant circuit; Support capacitor, used for filtering and energy storage.
  • the number of supporting capacitors may be two, C4 and C5 are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the number of intermediate voltage sensors can be two, VH2 and VH3 are shown in FIG. 2 .
  • C3 in Figure 2 represents the secondary resonance capacitor.
  • the chopper circuit may include: a first current sensor LH1 and a first resistor R1; the first current sensor LH1 is respectively connected to one end of the first resistor R1 and the three-arm four-quadrant rectifier 302 (not shown in the three-arm four-quadrant rectifier). Connect the bridge arm of the traction secondary winding), and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the DC bus.
  • the grounding detection circuit may include: a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2 and a voltage sensor VH1; the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 are connected in series to the DC bus, and the first capacitor C1 and the The second capacitor C2 is connected in series to the DC bus; one end of the voltage sensor VH1 is connected to the DC bus, the other end of the voltage sensor VH1 is connected between the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3, and between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2, and grounding.
  • the converter includes two power supply boards, and when the main power supply board fails, the backup power supply board supplies power.
  • the main power supply board fails, the backup power supply board supplies power.
  • two power supply boards are installed in the converter chassis, and the power supply redundancy design is adopted. When the main power supply board fails, the backup power supply board works to supply power.
  • the input end of the converter module 30 connected to the auxiliary inverter 20 is also connected to the power supply device in the library.
  • the locomotive inputs 380V three-phase alternating current from the garage, which is rectified into direct current by the four-quadrant rectifier, and then the auxiliary inverter 20 drives the traction electric vehicle.
  • the terminals R1 and S1 shown in FIG. 2 are used to connect the power supply device in the library.
  • the converter further includes: a charging short circuit, which is used to ensure the normal operation of the converter module 30 .
  • the charging short circuit may include: a first contactor KM1, a second contactor KM2, a fourth resistor R4 and an input current sensor LH2; the first contactor KM1 and the fourth resistor R4 are connected in series with the first contactor KM1.
  • Two contactors KM2 are connected in parallel, and the first common end is connected to one end of the traction secondary winding of the main transformer, and the second common end is connected to the converter module 30; the input current sensor LH2 is connected to the other end of the traction secondary winding of the main transformer and the converter module 30.
  • the converter further includes: an output current sensor for detecting the output current of the converter.
  • an output current sensor for detecting the output current of the converter.
  • the inverters 304 of the three bridge arms of each converter module 30 can be connected to two output voltage sensors, such as LH3 and LH4 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the auxiliary inverter 20 may be connected to three output current sensors, as shown in FIG. 2 LH5 , LH6 and LH7 .
  • the converter modules in the converter provided by the present application all include a four-quadrant rectifier with two arms, a four-quadrant rectifier with three arms, an inverter with three arms, and an intermediate DC circuit, which can realize Independent axis control, and compared with the traditional four-leg four-quadrant rectifier and four-leg four-quadrant inverter, the converter module in the converter provided by this application adopts a two-leg four-quadrant rectifier, a three-bridge
  • the design of the four-quadrant rectifier of the arm and the inverter of the three-bridge arm can not only reduce the weight of the equipment, but also improve the maintainability of the equipment.
  • the converter provided by this application adopts a fully sealed design to reduce external interference, and a shielded laminated contact is provided at the incoming line, which can reduce the input and output external radiation; at the same time, in software, it is used for the control pulse of each four-quadrant rectifier.
  • the TCUs are sequentially staggered and output, so that the harmonics of each heavy current can cancel each other, reducing the harmonic content of the primary current after multiple superposition, so as to meet the GOST standard.
  • the present application also provides a traction drive system, the system described below can be cross-referenced with the converter described above.
  • the traction drive system includes a main transformer, a converter as described above, and a traction motor.
  • the number of converters in the traction drive system is two.
  • the number of traction motors is six.
  • the three sets of four-quadrant rectifiers in each converter correspond to the three traction secondary windings of the main transformer, and the three sets of inverters correspond to the three traction motors.
  • the auxiliary inverters in the two converters work at the same time to supply power to the auxiliary system, and one auxiliary inverter works in the constant voltage and constant frequency mode , the other auxiliary inverter works in variable voltage and variable frequency mode; when one of the auxiliary inverters fails, the other auxiliary inverter supplies power to the auxiliary system and works in variable voltage and variable frequency mode , thus ensuring the full power operation of the locomotive.

Abstract

一种变流器及牵引传动系统，包括：TCU、辅助逆变器以及N重变流模块，N为正整数；所述变流模块包括：双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器以及中间直流回路；各所述四象限整流器的控制脉冲由所述TCU依次错开输出；所述变流器全密封且进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点。该变流器能够实现轴控，满足GOST标准，且可以降低设备重量，提高设备可维护性。

Description

一种变流器及牵引传动系统
本申请要求于2021年01月19日提交至中国专利局、申请号为202110068655.2、发明名称为“一种变流器及牵引传动系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及机车技术领域，特别涉及一种变流器；还涉及一种牵引传动系统。
背景技术
变流器作为机车的动力来源，对于机车的运行至关重要。变流器通常设置有整流器与逆变器，由整流器将交流电整流为直流电，再由逆变器将直流电逆变为交流电，以驱动牵引电机。随着科学技术的发展，变流器不断进行更新。可轴控、重量低、可维护性强等成为日益关注的焦点。因此，提供一种可轴控、重量低、可维护性强以及满足GOST标准的变流器已成为本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的是提供一种变流器，能够实现轴控，满足GOST标准，且可以降低设备重量，提高设备可维护性。本申请的另一个目的是提供一种牵引传动系统，同样具有上述技术效果。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种变流器，包括：
TCU、辅助逆变器以及N重变流模块，N为正整数；所述变流模块包括：双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器以及中间直流回路；各所述四象限整流器的控制脉冲由所述TCU依次错开输出；所述变流器全密封且进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点。
可选的，所述辅助逆变器为三桥臂的辅助逆变器。
可选的，所述变流器包括两块电源板，以当主电源板故障时，由备用电源板供电。
可选的，连接所述辅助逆变器的所述变流模块的输入端还连接库内电源装置。
可选的，所述变流器包括三重变流模块。
可选的，所述中间直流回路包括：
斩波电路，用于过压抑制；
接地检测电路，用于检测接地情况；
中间电压传感器，用于检测所述中间直流回路的电压；
二次谐振电容，用于与主变压器内的谐振电抗器串联形成二次谐振回路；
支撑电容，用于滤波与储能。
可选的，所述斩波电路包括：
第一电流传感器与第一电阻；所述第一电流传感器分别连接所述第一电阻的一端与所述三桥臂的四象限整流器，所述第一电阻的另一端连接直流母线。
可选的，所述接地检测电路包括：
第二电阻、第三电阻、第一电容、第二电容以及电压传感器；所述第二电阻与所述第三电阻串联后连接所述直流母线，所述第一电容与所述第二电容串联后连接所述直流母线；所述电压传感器的一端连接所述直流母线，所述电压传感器的另一端连接所述第二电阻与所述第三电阻之间，所述第一电容与所述第二电容之间，以及接地。
可选的，所述变流器还包括：
充电短接电路，用于保障所述变流模块正常工作。
可选的，所述充电短接电路包括：
第一接触器、第二接触器、第四电阻以及输入电流传感器；
所述第一接触器与所述第四电阻串联后与所述第二接触器并联，且第一公共端连接所述主变压器的牵引次边绕组的一端，第二公共端连接所述变流模块；所述输入电流传感器连接所述主变压器的牵引次边绕组的另一端以及所述变流模块。
可选的，所述变流器还包括：
输出电流传感器，用于检测所述变流器输出电流。
可选的，所述支撑电容的个数为两个。
可选的，所述中间电压传感器的个数为两个。
为解决上述技术问题，本申请还提供了一种牵引传动系统，所述牵引传动系统包括主变压器、如上所述的变流器以及牵引电机。
可选的，所述变流器的个数为两个。
可选的，正常情况下两个所述变流器中的辅助逆变器同时工作为辅助系统供电且一个所述辅助逆变器工作于恒电压、恒频率模式，另一个所述辅助逆变器工作于可变电压、可变频率模式；当其中一个所述辅助逆变器故障时，另一个所述辅助逆变器为辅助系统供电，并工作于可变电压、可变频率模式。
本申请所提供的变流器包括：TCU、辅助逆变器以及N重变流模块，N为正整数；所述变流模块包括：双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器以及中间直流回路；各所述四象限整流器的控制脉冲由所述TCU依次错开输出；所述变流器全密封且进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点。
可见，本申请所提供的变流器中的变流模块均包括双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器以及中间直流回路，可以实现独立轴控，且较之传统的四桥臂的四象限整流器与四桥臂的四象限逆变器，本申请所提供的变流器中变流模块采用双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器的设计，由此不仅可以降低设备重量，还可以提高设备的可维护性。另外，本申请所提供的变流器采用全密封设计可以降低对外干扰，进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点，能够降低输入输出对外辐射；同时在软件上，用于各四象限整流器的控制脉冲由所述TCU依次错开输出，使各重电流的谐波能够相互抵消，减小多重叠加后的原边电流的谐波含量，从而满足GOST标准。
本申请所提供的牵引传动系统同样具有上述技术效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对现有技术和实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例所提供的一种变流器的示意图；
图2为本申请实施例所提供的另一种变流器的示意图；
图3为本申请实施例所提供的一种电传系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请的核心是提供一种变流器，能够实现轴控，满足GOST标准，且可以降低设备重量，提高设备可维护性。本申请的另一个核心是提供一种牵引传动系统，同样具有上述技术效果。
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
请参考图1，图1为本申请实施例所提供的一种变流器的示意图，参考图1所示，该变流器主要包括：
TCU(Transmission Control Unit，自动变速箱控制单元)10、辅助逆变器20以及N重变流模块30，N为正整数；变流模块30包括：双桥臂的四象限整流器301，三桥臂的四象限整流器302、三桥臂的逆变器304以及中间直流回路303；各四象限整流器的控制脉冲由TCU10依次错开输出；变流器全密封且进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点。
具体而言，本申请所提供的变流器设置有N重独立的变流模块30，N为正整数。在一种具体的实施方式中，变流器包括三重变流模块30，即N等于3。各变流模块30可以完成独立轴控，即每个逆变模块可以独立控制一个电机。其中，各变流模块30均包括双桥臂的四象限整流器301，三桥臂的四象限整流器302、三桥臂的逆变器304以及中间直流回路303，中间直流回路303完全独立。
双桥臂的四象限整流器301是指由四个IGBT构成的具有两个桥臂的四象限整流器。如图2所示Q1至Q4构成具有两个桥臂的四象限整流器，Q1与Q3相连构成一个桥臂，Q2与Q4相连构成一个桥臂。三桥臂的四象 限整流器302是指由六个IGBT构成的具有三个桥臂的四象限整流器。如图2所示Q5至Q10构成具有三个桥臂的四象限整流器，Q5与Q8相连构成一个桥臂，Q6与Q9相连构成一个桥臂，Q7与Q10相连构成一个桥臂。双桥臂的四象限整流器301的两个桥臂连接主变压器的牵引次边绕组的一端，牵引次边绕组的另一端连接三桥臂的四象限整流器302中的两个桥臂。三桥臂的逆变器304是指由六个IGBT构成的具有三个桥臂的逆变器。如图2所示Q11至Q16构成具有三个桥臂的逆变器，Q11与Q14相连构成一个桥臂，Q12与Q15相连构成一个桥臂，Q13与Q16相连构成一个桥臂。变流模块30设置为双桥臂的四象限整流器301、三桥臂的四象限整流器302以及三桥臂的逆变器304的组合可以极大的提升设备的可维护性，并且能够降低设备重量。如四象限整流器存在部分故障，可仅更换其中双桥臂的四象限整流器301，而保留三桥臂的四象限整流器302，反观传统技术方案则需更换整个四桥臂的四象限整流器。
另外，本申请所提供的变流器还设置有一路辅助逆变器20，由此实现主辅一体化。该辅助逆变器20连接变流器中的一个变流模块30，用于为辅助系统供电。在一种具体的实施方式中，辅助逆变器20为三桥臂辅助逆变器20。如图2所示，Q17至Q22构成具有三个桥臂的辅助逆变器20。
结合图3所示，在变流器包括三重变流模块30的情况下，变流器中的三组四象限整流器对应主变压器的三个牵引次边绕组，三组逆变器对应三个牵引电机。图3中四象限模块是指四象限整流器(包括双桥臂的四象限整流器301与三桥臂的四象限整流器302)，逆变模块是指逆变器，辅变模块是指辅助逆变器20。
本申请所提供的变流器采用多重化载波移相的消谐方案，各四象限整流器的控制脉冲由TCU10依次错开输出。在变流器包括三重变流模块30的情况下，整个变流器中四象限整流器的重数为6重。在单极性调制方式下，各重用于调制控制脉冲的三角载波的相位相互依次错开1/12个载波周期，由此，6重四象限整流器的控制脉冲可以相互错开发出，使各重电流的谐波能够相互抵消，从而减小多重叠加后的原边电流的谐波含量。此外，本申请所提供的变流器采用全密封结构以降低对外干扰，进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点，能够降低输入输出对外辐射。通过上述软件以及硬件设置，使得 变流器能够满足GOST认证标准，满足整车电磁兼容需求。
中间直流回路303位于三桥臂的四象限整流器302与三桥臂的四象限逆变器之间。其中，在一种具体的实施方式中，中间直流回路303包括：斩波电路，用于过压抑制；接地检测电路，用于检测接地情况；中间电压传感器，用于检测中间直流回路303的电压；二次谐振电容，用于与主变压器内的谐振电抗器串联形成二次谐振回路；支撑电容，用于滤波与储能。
参考图2所示，支撑电容的个数可以为两个，图2中所示C4与C5。中间电压传感器的个数可以为两个，图2中所示VH2与VH3。图2中C3表示二次谐振电容。
斩波电路可以包括：第一电流传感器LH1与第一电阻R1；第一电流传感器LH1分别连接第一电阻R1的一端与三桥臂的四象限整流器302(三桥臂的四象限整理器中未连接牵引次边绕组的桥臂)，第一电阻R1的另一端连接直流母线。
接地检测电路可以包括：第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3、第一电容C1、第二电容C2以及电压传感器VH1；第二电阻R2与第三电阻R3串联后连接直流母线，第一电容C1与第二电容C2串联后连接直流母线；电压传感器VH1的一端连接直流母线，电压传感器VH1的另一端连接第二电阻R2与第三电阻R3之间，第一电容C1与第二电容C2之间，以及接地。
进一步，作为一种优选的实施方式，变流器包括两块电源板，当主电源板故障时，由备用电源板供电。具体而言，本实施例中变流器机箱内安装有两个电源板，采用电源冗余设计，当主电源板故障时，由备用电源板工作供电。
进一步，连接辅助逆变器20的变流模块30的输入端还连接库内电源装置。由此，库内动车模式下，机车从库内输入380V的三相交流电，经四象限整流器整流为直流电后，再由辅助逆变器20驱动牵引电机动车。图2中所示端子R1、S1表示用于连接库内电源装置。
进一步，变流器还包括：充电短接电路，用于保障变流模块30正常工作。且参考图2所示，充电短接电路可以包括：第一接触器KM1、第二接触器KM2、第四电阻R4以及输入电流传感器LH2；第一接触器KM1与第四电阻R4串联后与第二接触器KM2并联，且第一公共端连接主变压器的牵引 次边绕组的一端，第二公共端连接变流模块30；输入电流传感器LH2连接主变压器的牵引次边绕组的另一端以及变流模块30。
进一步，变流器还包括：输出电流传感器，用于检测变流器输出电流。参考图2所示，各变流模块30的三桥臂的逆变器304可以连接两路输出电压传感器，如图2中所示LH3与LH4。辅助逆变器20可连接三路输出电流传感器，如图2中所示LH5、LH6以及LH7。
综上所述，本申请所提供的变流器中的变流模块均包括双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器以及中间直流回路，可以实现独立轴控，且较之传统的四桥臂的四象限整流器与四桥臂的四象限逆变器，本申请所提供的变流器中变流模块采用双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器的设计，由此不仅可以降低设备重量，还可以提高设备的可维护性。另外，本申请所提供的变流器采用全密封设计可以降低对外干扰，进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点，能够降低输入输出对外辐射；同时在软件上，用于各四象限整流器的控制脉冲由所述TCU依次错开输出，使各重电流的谐波能够相互抵消，减小多重叠加后的原边电流的谐波含量，从而满足GOST标准。
本申请还提供了一种牵引传动系统，下文描述的该系统可以与上文描述的变流器相互对应参照。该牵引传动系统包括主变压器、如上所述的变流器以及牵引电机。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种具体的实施方式，牵引传动系统中变流器的个数为两个。在变流器包括三重变流模块的情况下，牵引电机的个数为六个。每个变流器中的三组四象限整流器对应主变压器的三个牵引次边绕组，三组逆变器对应三个牵引电机。
在上述实施例的基础上，作为一种具体的实施方式，正常情况下两个变流器中的辅助逆变器同时工作为辅助系统供电且一个辅助逆变器工作于恒电压、恒频率模式，另一个辅助逆变器工作于可变电压、可变频率模式；当其中一个辅助逆变器故障时，另一个辅助逆变器为辅助系统供电，并工作于可变电压、可变频率模式，由此保障机车满功率运行。
对于本申请所提供的牵引传动系统的介绍请参照上述变流器的实施 例，本申请在此不做赘述。
因为情况复杂，无法一一列举进行阐述，本领域技术人员应能意识到，在本申请提供的实施例的基本原理下结合实际情况可以存在多个例子，在不付出足够的创造性劳动下，应均在本申请的范围内。
说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
以上对本申请所提供的技术方案进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以对本申请进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本申请权利要求的保护范围。
还需要说明的是，在本说明书中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其它变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其它要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种变流器，其特征在于，包括：
    TCU、辅助逆变器以及N重变流模块，N为正整数；所述变流模块包括：双桥臂的四象限整流器，三桥臂的四象限整流器、三桥臂的逆变器以及中间直流回路；各所述四象限整流器的控制脉冲由所述TCU依次错开输出；所述变流器全密封且进线处设置有屏蔽层压接点。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述辅助逆变器为三桥臂的辅助逆变器。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述变流器包括两块电源板，以当主电源板故障时，由备用电源板供电。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的变流器，其特征在于，连接所述辅助逆变器的所述变流模块的输入端还连接库内电源装置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述变流器包括三重变流模块。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述中间直流回路包括：
    斩波电路，用于过压抑制；
    接地检测电路，用于检测接地情况；
    中间电压传感器，用于检测所述中间直流回路的电压；
    二次谐振电容，用于与主变压器内的谐振电抗器串联形成二次谐振回路；
    支撑电容，用于滤波与储能。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述斩波电路包括：
    第一电流传感器与第一电阻；所述第一电流传感器分别连接所述第一电阻的一端与所述三桥臂的四象限整流器，所述第一电阻的另一端连接直流母线。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述接地检测电路包括：
    第二电阻、第三电阻、第一电容、第二电容以及电压传感器；所述第二电阻与所述第三电阻串联后连接所述直流母线，所述第一电容与所述第 二电容串联后连接所述直流母线；所述电压传感器的一端连接所述直流母线，所述电压传感器的另一端连接所述第二电阻与所述第三电阻之间，所述第一电容与所述第二电容之间，以及接地。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述变流器还包括：
    充电短接电路，用于保障所述变流模块正常工作。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述充电短接电路包括：
    第一接触器、第二接触器、第四电阻以及输入电流传感器；
    所述第一接触器与所述第四电阻串联后与所述第二接触器并联，且第一公共端连接所述主变压器的牵引次边绕组的一端，第二公共端连接所述变流模块；所述输入电流传感器连接所述主变压器的牵引次边绕组的另一端以及所述变流模块。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述变流器还包括：
    输出电流传感器，用于检测所述变流器输出电流。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述支撑电容的个数为两个。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的变流器，其特征在于，所述中间电压传感器的个数为两个。
  14. 一种牵引传动系统，其特征在于，所述牵引传动系统包括主变压器、如权利要求1至13任一项所述的变流器以及牵引电机。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的牵引传动系统，其特征在于，所述变流器的个数为两个。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的牵引传动系统，其特征在于，正常情况下两个所述变流器中的辅助逆变器同时工作为辅助系统供电且一个所述辅助逆变器工作于恒电压、恒频率模式，另一个所述辅助逆变器工作于可变电压、可变频率模式；当其中一个所述辅助逆变器故障时，另一个所述辅助逆变器为辅助系统供电，并工作于可变电压、可变频率模式。
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