WO2022147719A1 - Système de guide d'ondes et dispositif d'affichage près de l'œil - Google Patents

Système de guide d'ondes et dispositif d'affichage près de l'œil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022147719A1
WO2022147719A1 PCT/CN2021/070671 CN2021070671W WO2022147719A1 WO 2022147719 A1 WO2022147719 A1 WO 2022147719A1 CN 2021070671 W CN2021070671 W CN 2021070671W WO 2022147719 A1 WO2022147719 A1 WO 2022147719A1
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Prior art keywords
waveguide
diffractive element
coupling
light
output
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PCT/CN2021/070671
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘娟
施学良
邢志浩
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华为技术有限公司
北京理工大学
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司, 北京理工大学 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2021/070671 priority Critical patent/WO2022147719A1/fr
Priority to CN202180089278.9A priority patent/CN116783515A/zh
Publication of WO2022147719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022147719A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of augmented reality, and in particular, to a waveguide system and a near-eye display device.
  • Augmented reality (AR) technology is a technology that calculates the position and angle of an image emitted by an optical machine in real time and adds corresponding image information.
  • AR near-eye display devices such as AR helmets/AR glasses
  • the computing platform has a wide range of application prospects.
  • Diffractive waveguide (diffractive waveguide) surface relief grating scheme display technology combines optical diffraction technology and waveguide technology, effectively solves the problem of off-axis transmission of optical paths, and has the advantages of small size and light weight, and is currently used in augmented reality near-eye display devices. Mainstream technical route.
  • the binocular field of view in the natural state of the human eye is about 120°.
  • diffractive waveguide technology still has many technical challenges in realizing display with large field of view.
  • the diffraction angle also referred to as the diffraction angle of diffracted light
  • the image aberration of the diffractive optical element also increases accordingly.
  • the angle of incident light or diffracted light in the edge field of view is relatively large, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding diffracted light will be significantly reduced, which will lead to the image of the edge field of view than the central field of view. blurry.
  • Embodiments of the present application disclose a waveguide system and a near-eye display device, which are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of diffracted light and improve the overall display image quality.
  • the present application provides a waveguide system, comprising a waveguide and a coupling-out diffractive element, wherein the coupling-out diffractive element is used for diffracting incident propagating light to form diffracted light and outputting it from the surface of the waveguide, and the propagating light is totally reflected.
  • the form propagates within the waveguide.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element is inclined relative to at least one surface of the optical waveguide, so that the incident angle of the propagating light incident on the coupling-out diffractive element, the absolute value of the difference between the diffracted light corresponding to the propagating light at the outgoing angle of the coupling-out diffractive element is Preset threshold.
  • the diffracted light corresponding to the propagating light is at the out-coupling diffractive element.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the two outgoing angles is a preset threshold. In this way, the incident angle of the propagating light incident on the coupling-out diffractive element and the outgoing angle of the diffracted light in the coupling-out diffractive element are balanced, so that the propagating light is incident on the coupling-out diffractive element.
  • the incident angle of the element will not be too large and the output angle of the diffracted light in the coupling output diffraction element will not be too large, which can improve the quality of the diffracted light at the edge, improve the imaging quality of the edge field of view light, and reduce the center and the center of the displayed image.
  • the degree of edge differentiation effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio of diffracted light and the overall display clarity and quality of the displayed image.
  • the preset threshold value should be as small as possible. The best case is that the preset threshold value is 0°.
  • the exit angles of the outcoupling diffractive elements are equal.
  • the preset threshold value may be larger.
  • the threshold value can be 5°, 10°, 25°, 30°, or the range of the preset threshold value is [0°, 30°], that is, the preset threshold value can be greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 30°, which can improve the incidence of The quality of the incident light to the out-coupling diffractive element and/or the diffracted light output from the out-coupling diffractive element is sufficient.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element is embedded in the waveguide, which improves the integrity of the waveguide system and facilitates the arrangement of elements in devices such as near-eye display devices with a waveguide system. cloth.
  • the surface of the waveguide includes a first surface and a second surface, and the first surface includes the first surface
  • the first inclined surface is inclined relative to the second surface
  • the coupling-out diffractive element is attached to the first inclined surface and is parallel to the first inclined surface
  • the diffracted light is output through the second surface. Since the coupling-out diffractive element is arranged outside the waveguide, the preparation and installation of the waveguide system are facilitated, and the flexibility of the structure design of the waveguide system is also improved.
  • the first surface forms at least two spines, each spine is provided with The first inclined plane
  • the coupling-out diffractive element includes at least two output diffractive units, each of which is correspondingly attached to the first inclined plane of a spine.
  • Each output diffractive element is correspondingly attached to the first slope of a spine, that is, the coupling output diffractive element is a non-integral continuous structure, which is equivalent to at least two sub-display systems in the waveguide system, which is beneficial to increase the field of view of the waveguide system horn.
  • the main reason is that the images are stitched by using the diffracted light output by at least two output diffractive units to image the human eye, thus breaking the limitation of the limited diffraction angular bandwidth of a single structured out-coupled diffractive element (for example, including only one output diffractive unit).
  • the field of view of the displayed image is approximately the product of the number of sub-display systems and the angular bandwidth of a single diffractive element, so the field of view of the system can be expanded.
  • the propagating light propagates in the transverse direction in the waveguide in a way of total reflection, which requires the waveguide to have a certain size in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction.
  • the output diffraction unit does not need to occupy a larger size in the longitudinal direction, so it is beneficial to reduce the longitudinal size of the waveguide system, which is beneficial to the miniaturization of the waveguide system and the Thinner. In other words, while the preparation of the waveguide system is facilitated, the miniaturization and thinning of the waveguide system can also be facilitated.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element includes at least two output diffractive units, which can reduce the requirements on the bonding of the waveguide and improve the firmness between the coupling-out diffractive element and the waveguide. What's more, the light transmittance of the waveguide system can also be improved.
  • the spine further includes a second slope connected to one end of the first slope, and the orientation of the first slope is different from that of the second slope .
  • the first inclined plane and the second inclined plane form a triangular spine section, which is beneficial to reduce the loss during the propagation of the propagating light.
  • the first inclined surfaces of all the spines are inclined relative to the second surface.
  • the angles are the same, so that all the output diffraction units are inclined at the same angle with respect to the second surface, so that the diffracted light emitted from each output diffraction unit is consistent, and the overall imaging quality is improved.
  • the waveguide in a sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, includes a waveguide body and a transparent substrate, and the transparent substrate is attached to the waveguide Outside the main body, the side of the transparent substrate away from the waveguide body includes a first surface, and the side of the waveguide body away from the transparent substrate includes a second surface.
  • the waveguide is composed of a waveguide main body and a transparent substrate, which facilitates the preparation and assembly of the waveguide system.
  • the waveguide system further includes an optical compensation structure, and the optical compensation structure covers the first aspect.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element is sandwiched between the light compensation structure and the waveguide body.
  • the structure type of the coupling-out diffractive element is a reflection type.
  • the light from the side of the optical compensation structure away from the waveguide body can be output from the second surface after passing through the optical compensation structure and the waveguide body, and propagate in the waveguide body by total reflection.
  • the light is diffracted by each output diffractive unit and output from the second surface.
  • the light compensation structure and the waveguide together form a permeable part, so that the light from the light compensation structure away from the waveguide (such as the light of the real image in front of the user's eye) can enter the user's eye after passing through the light compensation structure and the waveguide,
  • the user can observe the external environment through the waveguide and the optical compensation structure, so that the waveguide system has a see-through effect, and the superposition of the virtual scene and the real scene can be realized.
  • the optical compensation structure is provided on a side facing the first surface of the waveguide There is a mating surface, and the mating surface is attached to the first surface and each output diffractive unit arranged on the first surface, that is, the shape of the mating surface of the optical compensation structure facing the waveguide and the first surface of the waveguide and the coupling output diffraction
  • the element shapes are complementary to improve the transmittance of the waveguide system.
  • the refractive index of the optical compensation structure is the same as the refractive index of the transparent substrate, to reduce light loss.
  • the second inclined plane and the first inclined plane are perpendicular to each other.
  • the first slope of one spine is Connected to the second slope of the other spine. That is, at least two spines are continuously arranged structures.
  • the outcoupling diffractive element includes a volume holographic grating, a surface relief grating, two Element optical elements, or micro-nano optical elements, etc.
  • the range of the preset threshold is [0°, 5°] , in this way, the incident angle of the propagating light at the out-coupling diffractive element is approximately equal to the exit angle of the diffracted light in the out-coupling diffractive element.
  • the optical compensation structure further includes a top surface, and the optical compensation structure The top surface is arranged parallel to the second surface.
  • the structural types of the outcoupling diffractive element include reflection type and transmission type type
  • the inclination angle of the out-coupling diffractive element relative to the surface of the waveguide for outputting the diffracted light is set according to the structure type of the out-coupling diffractive element, so that the incident angle of the propagating light in the waveguide on the out-coupling diffractive element is equal to
  • the absolute value of the difference between the exit angles of the corresponding diffracted light on the out-coupling diffractive element is a preset threshold value to prevent the incident angle of the propagating light on the out-coupling diffractive element and/or the exit of the diffracted light on the out-coupling diffractive element
  • the appearance of a large angle improves the incident quality of the propagating light in the coupling-out diffractive element and/or the output quality of the diffracted light in the coupling-out diffr
  • the structure type of the coupling-out diffractive element is a reflection type, so
  • the preset threshold is 0°
  • the inclination angle of the coupling-out diffractive element relative to the surface of the waveguide for outputting diffracted light is one-half of the difference between the first angle and the second angle, wherein the propagating light is at the first angle.
  • the angle propagates through total reflection within the waveguide, and the second angle is the angle between the diffracted light and the normal to the surface of the waveguide from which the diffracted light is output.
  • the structure type of the outcoupling diffractive element is a transmission type, so
  • the preset threshold is 0°
  • the inclination angle of the coupling-out diffractive element relative to the surface of the waveguide for outputting the diffracted light is half the value of the sum of the first angle and the second angle, wherein the propagating light is at the first angle.
  • the angle propagates through total reflection within the waveguide, and the second angle is the angle between the diffracted light and the normal to the surface of the waveguide from which the diffracted light is output.
  • the present application also provides a near-eye display device, including the above-mentioned waveguide system and an optomechanical, where the optomechanical is used for outputting light, and the waveguide system further includes a coupling-in diffraction element, which is used for converting the opto-mechanical The output light is modulated into propagating light that propagates in total reflection within the waveguide.
  • the near-eye display device is virtual reality glasses or a virtual reality helmet.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a near-eye display device according to a first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of the near-eye display device provided by the first embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the waveguide system of the near-eye display device provided in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the waveguide system provided by the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide system provided by a third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of a part of the structure of the waveguide system shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the first embodiment of the present application provides a schematic structural diagram of an example of a near-eye display device (such as AR glasses).
  • the near-eye display device 100 may fuse light carrying virtual image information and light carrying real image information (also known as a real scene) to achieve the effect of applying the virtual image in the real world.
  • the near-eye display device may be, for example, AR glasses, or may also be a device such as an AR helmet.
  • the near-eye display device 100 is taken as an example of AR glasses for description.
  • the near-eye display device 100 includes a frame 10 , a temple 20 , an optical machine (also referred to as a light engine component) 30 , and a waveguide system 40 .
  • the temple 20 , the optical machine 30 and the waveguide system 40 can all be arranged on the mirror frame 10 .
  • the temple 20 is used to facilitate the user to wear the near-eye display device 100 in front of the user's eyes.
  • the light machine 30 is used to generate light (eg, light carrying a virtual image) and direct the light to the waveguide system 40 .
  • the waveguide system 40 includes a coupling-out diffractive element 403 and a waveguide 404 .
  • the out-coupling diffractive element 403 is used to diffract the incident propagating light 406 to form diffracted light 407 and output from the surface of the waveguide 404 .
  • the propagating light 406 propagates within the waveguide 404 in the form of total reflection. Propagation in the form of total reflection means that the angle of incidence of light on the inner surface of the waveguide is greater than the critical angle of total reflection. Assuming that the refractive index of the waveguide is n, then the critical angle of total reflection is arcsin(1/n).
  • the outcoupling diffractive element 403 may be disposed obliquely with respect to the surface of the waveguide 404 .
  • the absolute value of the difference between the incident angle of the propagating light 406 at the coupling-out diffractive element 403 and the diffracted light 407 corresponding to the propagating light 406 being coupled out of the diffractive element 403 is a preset threshold value.
  • the surface shape change of the diffractive element surface due to material particles or processing tolerances will affect the signal-to-noise ratio of the incident light on the diffractive element surface.
  • the quality of the diffracted light emitted by the diffractive element will decrease with the increase of the exit angle of the diffracted light from the diffractive element or the incident angle of the incident light corresponding to the surface of the diffractive element.
  • the incident angle of the diffraction element is larger, the cross-sectional area of the light on the surface of the diffractive element increases, which will increase the influence of the surface roughness of the diffractive element on the quality of the formed image.
  • the preset threshold value should be as small as possible, and in the best case, the preset threshold value is 0°.
  • the exit angles of the diffracted light 407 at the outcoupling diffractive element 403 are equal.
  • the preset threshold value may be larger.
  • the threshold value can be 5°, 10°, 25°, 30°, or the range of the preset threshold value is [0°, 30°], that is, the preset threshold value can be greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 25°, which can improve the incident-to-coupling
  • the quality of the incident light of the output diffractive element 403 and/or the diffracted light output from the coupling-out diffractive element 403 may be sufficient.
  • the waveguide 404 includes a first surface 4042 and a second surface 4044 that are opposite and parallel to each other.
  • the waveguide system 40 also includes an in-coupling diffractive element 402 attached to the first surface 5032 for modulating the light output from the optomechanical 30 into propagating light 406 propagating in the waveguide 404 in a total reflection manner.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 403 is disposed obliquely with respect to the second surface 4044 for diffracting the incident propagating light 406 to form diffracted light 407 and outputting the diffracted light 407 from the second surface 4044 to the user's eye for imaging.
  • the second surface 4044 is the surface of the waveguide 404 on the side where the user's eye 200 is located.
  • the outcoupling diffractive element 403 is disposed obliquely with respect to the second surface 4044 .
  • the out-coupling diffractive element 403 does not change its direction of propagation.
  • the number of the coupling-in diffractive elements 402 may be two or more, and the two or more coupling-in diffractive elements 403 couple the light output from the optical machine 30 to the waveguide 404, in other words, the optical machine 30
  • the output light is diffracted by two or more coupling-in diffractive elements 403 and then incident into the waveguide 404 for propagation;
  • the number of coupling-out diffractive elements 403 can be two or more, which is equivalent to the formation of two or more coupling-out diffractive elements 403 in the near-eye display device 100 .
  • the diffracted light 407 output by two or more sub-display systems is imaged to the user's eye to stitch the image, thus breaking the limitation of the limited diffraction angular bandwidth of a single coupled diffractive element, and the image displayed by the near-eye display device 100
  • the field of view is approximately the product of the number of sub-display systems and the angular bandwidth of a single diffractive element, so the system's field of view can be expanded.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of the waveguide system provided by the first embodiment of the present application.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 403 is embedded in the waveguide 404 .
  • the structure types of diffractive elements include reflection type and transmission type.
  • the structure type of the outcoupling diffractive element 403 is the reflection type.
  • the inclination angle at which the outcoupling diffractive element 403 is inclined relative to the second surface 4044 is set as ⁇ 40 .
  • the propagating light 406 propagates in the waveguide 404 by total reflection at an angle of ⁇ 41.
  • the propagating light 406 is diffracted by the coupling-out diffractive element 403 to form a diffracted light 407.
  • the inclination angle of the diffracted light 407 relative to the normal of the second surface 4044 is ⁇ 42 , that is, the angle between the diffracted light 407 and the normal of the second surface 4044 is ⁇ 42 .
  • the diffracted light 407 at the edge is required to be incident to the user's eyes, and the propagating light 406 is totally reflected and transmitted at an angle of ⁇ 41 , that is, ⁇ 41 and ⁇ 42 can be regarded as known values.
  • ⁇ 41 and ⁇ 42 can be regarded as known values.
  • ⁇ 40 180°-(90°+ ⁇ 42 )-(90°- ⁇ 43 ), (2).
  • ⁇ 40 ( ⁇ 41 ⁇ 42 )/2
  • the inclination angle ⁇ 40 of the coupling-out diffractive element 403 relative to the second surface 5044 is ( ⁇ 41 - ⁇ 42 )/2.
  • the structure type of the coupling-out diffractive element 403 is reflection type
  • the preset threshold is 0°
  • the inclination angle of the coupling-out diffractive element 403 relative to the second surface 4044 of the waveguide 404 for outputting the diffracted light 407 is the first angle ⁇ 41 and the first angle ⁇ 41 .
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 403 may include a volume holographic grating, a surface relief grating, a binary optical element, or a micro-nano optical element, etc., with a thickness of about 20 micrometers ( ⁇ m). It can be understood that the thickness of the outcoupling diffractive element 403 is not limited.
  • the out-coupling diffractive element 403 is embedded in the waveguide 404, and can be connected by an adhesive, such as optically clear adhesive (OCA) to be bonded to each other.
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • OCA is colorless and transparent, the light transmittance is above 90%, the bonding strength is good, it can be cured at room temperature or medium temperature, and the curing shrinkage rate is low.
  • OCA optically clear adhesive
  • the connection manner of the coupling-out diffractive element 403 and the waveguide 404 is not limited, and the coupling-out diffractive element 403 and the waveguide 404 can be fixed by UV curing glue.
  • connection mode of the coupling-out diffractive element 403 and the waveguide 404 is not limited, and the coupling-out diffractive element 403 and the waveguide 404 can also be connected and fixed by means of clamping, screw fixing, etc., which is not limited here.
  • the waveguide system 40 is not limited to be used in a near-eye display device, and it can also be used in other devices or devices, which is not limited here.
  • the structure of the waveguide system 50 provided by the second embodiment of the present application is substantially similar to that of the waveguide system provided by the first embodiment, the difference is that the structure type of the coupling-out diffractive element 503 is a transmission type.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 503 is embedded in the waveguide 504 , the first surface 5042 and the second surface 5044 are parallel to each other, and the coupling-out diffractive element 503 is inclined relative to the second surface 5044 .
  • the propagating light 506 is totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide 504 at an angle of ⁇ 51.
  • the propagating light 506 is diffracted by the coupling-out diffractive element 503 to form a diffracted light 507.
  • the inclination angle of the diffracted light 507 relative to the normal of the second surface 5044 is ⁇ 52 , that is, the angle between the diffracted light 507 and the normal of the second surface 5044 is ⁇ 52 .
  • the structure type of the coupling-out diffractive element 503 is transmission type, the preset threshold is 0°, and the inclination angle of the coupling-out diffractive element 503 relative to the second surface 5044 of the waveguide 504 for outputting the diffracted light 507 is the first angle ⁇ 51 and the first angle ⁇ 51 .
  • the incident angle ⁇ 54 formed by the propagating light 506 incident on the out-coupling diffractive element 503 is equal to the exit angle ⁇ 53 of the corresponding diffracted light 507 at the out-coupling diffractive element 503, it is avoided that The incident angle of the propagating light 506 is too large or the diffracted light 507 is too large at the outgoing angle of the coupling-out diffractive element 503, and the propagating light 506 reaching the edge can be incident on the coupling-out diffractive element 503 and the diffracted light at a smaller angle 507 can output the effect from the coupling-out diffractive element 503 at a smaller angle, thereby improving the edge quality of the displayed image, reducing the degree of differentiation between the clear center and the blurred edge of the displayed image, and effectively improving the overall display clarity of the displayed image.
  • the angle of inclination of the coupling-out diffractive element relative to the surface of the waveguide for outputting diffracted light is based on the structure of the coupling-out diffractive element
  • the type is set according to whether it is a reflection type or a transmission type.
  • the structure types of the coupling-out diffractive element include reflection type and transmission type
  • the inclination angle of the surface of the coupling-out diffractive element waveguide is set according to the structure type of the coupling-out diffractive element.
  • the absolute value of the difference between the incident angle of the propagating light in the waveguide on the coupling-out diffractive element and the exit angle of the corresponding diffracted light on the coupling-out diffractive element is a preset threshold to prevent the propagating light from coupling
  • the incidence angle of the output diffractive element and/or the exit angle of the diffracted light on the coupling-out diffractive element appear large angles, which improves the incident quality of the propagating light on the coupling-out diffractive element and/or the outgoing quality of the diffracted light on the coupling-out diffractive element , and finally obtain a clear display of the viewing image.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide system provided in a third embodiment of the present application.
  • the main difference between the waveguide system in the third embodiment and the waveguide system provided in the first embodiment is that the coupling-out diffractive element is disposed in the waveguide the exterior.
  • the waveguide system 60 includes a waveguide 631 and a coupling-out diffractive element 632 .
  • the surface of the waveguide 631 includes a first surface 6312 and a second surface 6314, the first surface 6312 includes a first slope 6351, the first slope 6351 is inclined relative to the second surface 6314, and the coupling-out diffractive element 632 is attached to the first slope 6351 .
  • the diffracted light 607 is output through the second surface 6314. Since the coupling-out diffractive element 632 is disposed outside the waveguide 631 , the preparation and installation of the waveguide system 60 is facilitated, and the flexibility of the structure design of the waveguide system 60 is also improved.
  • each spine 635 includes a first chamfer 6351 and a second chamfer 6355 .
  • the first inclined surfaces 6351 are inclined relative to the second surface 6314
  • the first inclined surfaces 6351 of all the spines 635 have the same inclination angle relative to the second surface 6314 .
  • the plurality of spines 635 of the waveguide 631 extend along the lateral direction in FIG. 6 , and one end of the first inclined surface 6351 is fixedly connected with one end of the second inclined surface 6355 .
  • the orientation of the first inclined surface 6351 (eg, the normal line of the first inclined surface 6351 is in the first direction) is different from the orientation of the second inclined surface 6355 (for example, the normal line of the second inclined surface 6355 is in the second direction).
  • the first inclined surface 6351 is perpendicular to the second inclined surface 3655 , that is, the cross section of the spine 635 is substantially a right triangle.
  • the first inclined surface 6351 of one spine 635 is connected with the second inclined surface 6355 of the other spine 635 . That is, the plurality of spines 635 are arranged continuously.
  • first inclined surface 6351 is not limited to be perpendicular to the second inclined surface 3655, that is, the cross-section of the spine 635 is not limited to be substantially a right-angled triangle. It can be understood that the spine 635 is not limited to be triangular, it can also be quadrilateral; a plurality of spines 635 can also be arranged at intervals.
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 632 includes a plurality of output diffractive units (eg 6321 , 6322 , 6323 ), each of which is attached to the first slope 6351 of a spine 635 correspondingly.
  • the output diffractive elements eg 6321, 6322, 6323
  • the propagating light 606 propagates in the transverse direction within the waveguide 631 in a manner of total reflection.
  • the output diffraction units on all the spines 635 have the same inclination angle with respect to the second surface 6314 .
  • the propagating light 606 is totally reflected and propagated in the waveguide body 604 at a reflection angle of ⁇ 61 , and then passes through the waveguide body 604 and the transparent substrate 603 to reach the output diffractive units (eg, 6321, 6322, 6323) of the coupling-out diffractive element 632.
  • the propagating light is incident on the output diffractive element (eg 6321, 6322, 6323) of the out-coupling diffractive element 632 at an angle of ⁇ 64 , and the corresponding diffracted light 607 leaves the output diffractive element (eg 6321) of the out-coupling diffractive element 632 at an exit angle ⁇ 63 , 6322, 6323).
  • the incident angle of the diffracted light 607 on the second surface 6314 of the waveguide body 604 is ⁇ 62 .
  • the propagating light 606 Incidence angle ⁇ 64 at the output diffractive elements (eg 6321, 6322, 6323) of the out-coupled diffractive element 632 and the exit angle of diffracted light 607 at the output diffractive elements (eg 6321, 6322, 6323) of the out-coupled diffractive element 632 ⁇ is equal to 63 , so that the diffracted light 607 at the edge can be incident on the user's eyes for imaging, which improves the imaging quality of the edge light, reduces the degree of difference between the center and the edge of
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 632 includes multiple output diffractive units (eg, 6321 , 6322 , 6323 ), it is equivalent to that the waveguide system 60 is provided with multiple sub-display systems, which is beneficial to increase the viewing angle of the waveguide system 60 .
  • the image is stitched by using the diffracted light 407 output by multiple output diffraction units (eg, 6321, 6322, 6323) to image the user's eyes, thus breaking the single structural coupling diffraction element (eg, including only one output diffraction unit) Due to the limited diffraction angular bandwidth of the near-eye display device, the field of view of the image displayed by the near-eye display device is approximately the product of the number of sub-display systems and the angular bandwidth of a single diffraction element, so the system field of view can be expanded.
  • multiple output diffraction units eg, 6321, 6322, 6323
  • the propagating light 606 propagates in the transverse direction in the waveguide 631 in a manner of total reflection, which requires the waveguide 631 to have a certain dimension in the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the transverse direction.
  • Each output diffractive element eg, 6321, 6322, 6323
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 632 is a non-integral continuous structure.
  • discontinuous multiple output diffractive units such as 6321, 6322, 6323
  • the longitudinal dimension of the waveguide system 60 is beneficial to the miniaturization and thinning of the waveguide system 60 .
  • the coupling-out diffractive element 632 includes at least two output diffractive units (eg, 6321, 6322, 6323), which can reduce the requirement for bonding of the waveguide 631 and improve the firmness between the output diffractive unit and the waveguide 631. Furthermore, the light transmittance of the waveguide system 60 can be improved.
  • the first slopes 6351 of all the spines 635 are parallel to each other, the second slopes 635 of all the spines 635 are parallel to each other, and all the spines 635 have a regular structure, which further facilitates the preparation of the waveguide system 60 .
  • the width range (ie, the lateral dimension range) of each spine 635 along the horizontal direction shown in FIG. 6 is [0.5, 10.0] millimeters (mm)
  • the height range perpendicular to the horizontal direction shown in FIG. 6 is [0.1, 2.0] mm
  • the width and height of each spine 635 can be the same or different.
  • the thickness of the outcoupling diffractive element 603 is [0.5, 3.0] mm. It can be understood that the lateral and longitudinal dimensions of the spine 635 are not limited.
  • the out-coupling diffractive element 632 may also include only one output diffractive unit, in other words, the out-coupling diffractive element 632 is an integral structure, the spine 635 may not be formed on the first surface 6312, and the first surface 6312 may not be formed with a spine 635.
  • One surface 6312 may be provided with a first inclined surface 6351 inclined relative to the second surface 6314 .
  • the waveguide 631 includes a waveguide body 604 and a transparent substrate 603 disposed on one side of the waveguide body 604 .
  • the waveguide body 604 includes a top surface 6041 and a second surface 6314 , and the transparent substrate 603 is disposed on the top surface 6041 and located outside the waveguide body 604 .
  • the second surface 6314 is disposed on the side of the waveguide body 604 facing away from the transparent substrate 603 .
  • the first inclined surface 6351 and the spine 635 are disposed on the transparent substrate 603 , that is, the side of the transparent substrate 603 facing away from the waveguide body 604 has a sawtooth structure.
  • the waveguide 631 is composed of the waveguide body 604 and the transparent substrate 603 together, which facilitates the preparation and assembly of the waveguide system 60 .
  • the top surface 6041 of the waveguide body 604 facing the transparent substrate 603 and the second surface 6314 are parallel to each other, and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate 603 facing the waveguide body 604 and the second surface 6314 are parallel to each other.
  • the transparent substrate 603 and the waveguide body 604 may be integrally formed, and the transparent substrate 603 may also include a plurality of spines 635 arranged separately.
  • the present application does not limit the top surface 6041 of the waveguide body 604 toward the transparent substrate 603 and the second surface 6314 to be parallel to each other, and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate 603 toward the waveguide body 604 and the second surface 6314 are parallel to each other, for example, in other embodiments , the top surface 6041 is inclined relative to the second surface 6314, that is, the waveguide body 604 may be irregular in shape.
  • the transparent substrate 603 is directly attached to the top surface 6041 of the waveguide body 604 and is located outside the waveguide 631 , that is, there is no other dielectric layer between the transparent substrate 603 and the surface of the waveguide body 604 , so that total reflection is performed from the waveguide body 604
  • the transmitted light 606 can be directly incident on the transparent substrate 603, thereby reducing light loss and improving light transmission quality.
  • the refractive index of the waveguide body 604 is the same as the refractive index of the transparent substrate 632 to reduce light loss and improve light transmission quality;
  • the bottom surface of the transparent substrate 603 facing the waveguide body 604 is a flat surface, and the waveguide body 604 faces the transparent substrate 603
  • the top surface of the waveguide body 604 is a flat surface to facilitate the assembly of the two, and the bottom surface facing the waveguide body 604 and the side facing the transparent substrate 603 of the waveguide body 604 are fixed and bonded together by means of an adhesive layer or the like.
  • the application does not limit the bottom surface of the transparent substrate 603 facing the waveguide body 604 to be a flat surface, and the application does not limit the top surface 6041 of the waveguide body 604 facing the transparent substrate 603 to be a flat surface; for example, the bottom surface of the transparent substrate 603 facing the waveguide body 604 is a flat surface
  • the top surface 6041 is a curved surface that matches.
  • the waveguide 631 further includes an optical compensation structure 637 covering the side of the transparent substrate 603 away from the first surface 6312 of the waveguide body 604 , and the coupling-out diffractive element 632 is sandwiched between the optical compensation structure 637 and the transparent substrate 603 .
  • Light eg, the light of the real image in front of the user's eyes
  • each output diffractive unit eg 6321, 6322, 6323
  • the structure types of each output diffractive unit are all reflection type, and the propagating light 606 propagating in the waveguide body 604 by total reflection is diffracted by each output diffractive unit and then output from the second surface 6314.
  • the light compensation structure 637 and the waveguide 631 together form a permeable part, so that the light from the side of the light compensation structure 637 away from the waveguide 631 (such as the light of the real image in front of the user's eyes) can pass through the light compensation structure 637 and the waveguide.
  • the waveguide system 60 After 631, it enters the user's eye for imaging, so that the user can observe the external environment through the waveguide 631 and the light compensation structure 637, so that the waveguide system 60 has a see-through effect, and can realize the superposition of the virtual scene and the real scene.
  • the light compensation structure 637 is provided with a mating surface 6371 on the side facing the first surface 6312 of the waveguide 631 , and the mating surface 6371 is in close contact with the first surface 6312 and each output diffractive element (eg 6321 , 6322 , 6323 ) disposed on the first surface 6312 fit together. That is, the shape of the mating surface 6371 is complementary to the shape of the first surface 6312 of the waveguide 631 and the shape of the coupling-out diffractive element 632, so as to improve the transmittance of light.
  • a plurality of matching grooves 6375 are formed on the matching surface 6371, each spine 635 and the output diffractive units (such as 6321, 6322, 6323) thereon are accommodated in the corresponding matching grooves 6375, and the second inclined surface 6355 and the output diffractive units ( For example, 6321, 6322, 6323) and the inner wall of the matching groove 6375 are attached together, and the output diffractive units (for example, 6321, 6322, 6323) are covered by the transparent substrate 603 and the optical compensation structure 637.
  • the top surface 6377 of the light compensation structure 637 facing away from the mating surface 6371 and the second surface 6314 are parallel to each other.
  • the top surface 6377 is a flat surface. It can be understood that the top surface 6377 may not be set to be flat.
  • the curvature of the top surface 6377 is the same as the curvature of the second surface 6314.
  • the refractive index of the optical compensation structure 637 is the same as that of the transparent substrate 6033 to reduce light loss.
  • the refractive index of the optical compensation structure 637 is the same as the refractive index of the waveguide body 604 .
  • the refractive index of the output diffractive elements eg 6321 , 6322 , 6323 ) is different from the refractive index of the transparent substrate 603 .
  • the materials of the waveguide body 604, the transparent substrate 603, and the optical compensation structure 637 include but are not limited to glass, polycarbonate (PC for short), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyester resin (polyethylene resin) terephthalate, PET) and so on.
  • the present application does not limit the shape of the optical compensation structure 637 toward the first surface 6312 of the waveguide body 604 to match the shape of the waveguide 631 toward the first surface 6312 of the optical compensation structure 637.
  • it can be achieved The light from the side of the light compensation structure 637 away from the waveguide 631 (for example, the light of the real image in front of the user's eye) can enter the user's eye for imaging after passing through the light compensation structure 637 and the waveguide 631 .
  • the present application does not limit the structure type of the output diffractive unit to be a reflection type.
  • the structure type of the output diffractive unit may also be a transmission type, and the output diffractive unit is opposite to the second surface 6314 of the waveguide body 604 and
  • the top surface 6377 of the light compensation structure 637 is set obliquely, the propagating light is diffracted by the output diffractive unit and then exits from the top surface 6377, and the angle of the output diffractive unit relative to the top surface 6377 or the second surface 6314 set obliquely can refer to the second embodiment of the present application, That is, it will not be repeated here.
  • the structure type of the output diffraction unit is transmission type
  • the light compensation structure may be omitted, and the propagating light is diffracted by the output diffraction unit and then exits directly.
  • the inclination angle of the coupling-out diffractive element relative to the surface of the waveguide needs to be set according to the structure type (including reflective and transmissive) of the coupling-out diffractive element.
  • the expression “and/or” includes any and all combinations of the associated listed words.
  • the expression “A and/or B” may include A, may include B, or may include both A and B.
  • expressions including ordinal numbers such as "first” and “second” may modify various elements.
  • such elements are not limited by the above expression.
  • the above expressions do not limit the order and/or importance of the elements.
  • the above expressions are only used to distinguish one element from another.
  • the first user equipment and the second user equipment indicate different user equipments, although the first user equipment and the second user equipment are both user equipments.
  • a first element could be termed a second element
  • a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the present application.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne également un système de guide d'ondes (40) et un système d'affichage près de l'œil. Le système de guide d'ondes (40) comprend un guide d'ondes (404) et un élément diffractif de sortie de couplage (403). L'élément diffractif de sortie de couplage (403) est utilisé pour diffracter la lumière de propagation incidente pour former une lumière diffractée et émettre la lumière diffractée à partir de la surface du guide d'ondes (404), et la lumière de propagation se propage dans le guide d'ondes (404) sous la forme d'une réflexion totale. L'élément diffractif de sortie de couplage (403) est disposé obliquement par rapport à la surface du guide d'ondes (404) de sorte que la valeur absolue de la différence entre un angle incident de la lumière de propagation incidente à l'élément diffractif de sortie de couplage (403) et un angle d'émergence, dans l'élément diffractif de sortie de couplage (403), de la lumière diffractée correspondant à la lumière de propagation est un seuil prédéfini, dans ce cas, l'angle incident de la lumière de propagation incidente à l'élément diffractif de sortie de couplage (403) et l'angle d'émergence de la lumière diffractée dans l'élément diffractif de sortie couplé (403) sont équilibrés, la qualité de la lumière diffractée d'un bord peut être améliorée, ce qui permet d'améliorer la qualité de région de bord d'une image d'affichage et de réduire le degré de différence entre le centre et le bord de l'image d'affichage.
PCT/CN2021/070671 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Système de guide d'ondes et dispositif d'affichage près de l'œil WO2022147719A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2021/070671 WO2022147719A1 (fr) 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Système de guide d'ondes et dispositif d'affichage près de l'œil
CN202180089278.9A CN116783515A (zh) 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 波导系统与近眼显示设备

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PCT/CN2021/070671 WO2022147719A1 (fr) 2021-01-07 2021-01-07 Système de guide d'ondes et dispositif d'affichage près de l'œil

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CN111812845A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-10-23 深圳珑璟光电技术有限公司 一种近眼显示设备及显示方法
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CN104597565A (zh) * 2015-01-25 2015-05-06 上海理湃光晶技术有限公司 增强现实的齿形镶嵌平面波导光学器件
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