WO2022104504A1 - 一种公路交通状态预测方法、系统、终端以及存储介质 - Google Patents
一种公路交通状态预测方法、系统、终端以及存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- the present application belongs to the technical field of intelligent transportation, and in particular relates to a method, system, terminal and storage medium for predicting a road traffic state.
- deep learning can provide end-to-end training, thus avoiding the feature engineering process that machine learning relies on expert knowledge.
- deep learning can deal with a larger amount of data, richer and heterogeneous data features, and can theoretically approximate any function, which helps it to extract more complex traffic patterns in the transportation field. Therefore, more and more scholars are turning to various algorithms in deep learning to predict traffic data.
- the recurrent neural network and its variants are often used to extract long-term time dependence in traffic data (time dependence refers to the future traffic data of each area in the highway network is affected by its own historical traffic data), sequence-to-sequence models
- time dependence refers to the future traffic data of each area in the highway network is affected by its own historical traffic data
- sequence-to-sequence models For multi-step prediction of traffic data, convolutional neural network is used to divide the traffic network into grids and extract the spatial dependence of the traffic network (spatial dependence refers to the future traffic data of each region in the highway network is affected by other regions. impact of historical traffic data).
- most of the transportation networks are not regular grid structures, which are closer to the non-Euclidean distance graph structure in nature.
- the spatial dependence extraction algorithm based on grid division can only approximate the spatial properties roughly. It is impossible to accurately characterize the traffic network based on the graph structure.
- Graph neural networks can construct traffic networks as graphs, and transfer deep learning algorithms to graphs to extract spatial dependencies of graph-based highway networks, use recurrent neural networks to extract temporal dependencies in traffic data, and use sequence-to-sequence model to make multi-step predictions on traffic data.
- the spatiotemporal dependencies in the transportation network are not independent of each other, but intertwined.
- Existing algorithms extract spatiotemporal dependencies relatively independently. They only consider that the target area is affected by the traffic data of other areas in the past period of time, and do not consider the impact of the traffic data of other areas in the past time periods on the target area. The influence of traffic data in a certain period of time is different, which leads to rough extraction of spatio-temporal dependencies in the traffic network, and accurate extraction of spatio-temporal dependencies has an important impact on the accuracy of traffic data prediction.
- the present application provides a road traffic state prediction method, system, terminal and storage medium, aiming to solve one of the above technical problems in the prior art at least to a certain extent.
- a road traffic state prediction method comprising:
- Obtain the traffic road network construct a directed weighted graph according to the traffic road network, take the area where each sensor in the traffic road network is located as a node on the directed weighted graph, and collect the data collected by each sensor.
- the historical traffic data is used as the original time series data of the corresponding node;
- the shortest path algorithm is used to calculate the shortest spending time of any two areas, and based on the shortest spending time, the spatial attention factor of the target area and other areas in a given time period is calculated;
- the spatial attention factor represents the degree of influence of the traffic data v ip of other regions i at the input time step p on the traffic data v jq of the target region j at the output time step q;
- the new traffic data is input into the sequence model, and the traffic conditions of the target area are predicted in multiple steps.
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application further includes: the constructing a directed and authorized graph according to the traffic road network includes:
- the traffic data generated by area i in time period p is:
- the traffic data generated by the entire traffic network in the time period p is
- the total traffic data of the entire traffic network in the past P time periods is
- the traffic data of the target area j in the next Q time periods are in Represents the traffic data of area j at the future time q
- F O is the number of traffic data predicted.
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application further includes: the calculation of the spatial attention factor of the target area and other areas within a given time period based on the shortest time spent includes:
- t s >qp ⁇ M ij , and the difference between t s and qp is less than the set threshold, it means that the vehicle can reach the target area j before time step q, then the influence of v ip on v jq is strong; where t s Indicates that the vehicle does not take the shortest path or is blocked, and the time spent is greater than M ij but still within the preset time range;
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application further includes: after calculating the spatial attention factor of the target area and other areas within a given time period based on the shortest time spent, the following further includes:
- the spatial attention factor is modified by a graph embedding algorithm; the specific modification method of the spatial attention factor is:
- the distance between the co-occurrence probability and the spatial attention factor is defined as The optimization objective is to minimize the distance
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application further includes: the said, based on the spatial attention factor, aggregating the traffic data of other areas at each historical time step, and splicing the aggregated traffic data with the traffic data of the target area, Generating new traffic data with dynamic spatiotemporal information includes:
- the vector represents the importance of all other region input time step p to target region j at time step q, is the aggregated traffic data for all other regions at input time step p, and the aggregated weight vector is
- the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application further includes: after generating the new traffic data including dynamic spatiotemporal information, it further includes:
- the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application further include: the inputting the new traffic data into the sequence model, and performing multi-step prediction on the traffic conditions of the target area, specifically:
- a road traffic state prediction system comprising:
- Graph building module used to obtain a traffic road network, construct a directed weighted graph according to the traffic road network, and take the area where each sensor in the traffic road network is located as a node on the directed weighted graph, Take the historical traffic data collected by each sensor as the original time series data of the corresponding node;
- Spatial attention factor calculation module used to calculate the shortest spending time of any two areas based on the directed weighted graph, using the shortest path algorithm, and calculating the target area and other areas within a given time period based on the shortest spending time
- the spatial attention factor of wherein, the spatial attention factor represents the degree of influence of the traffic data v ip of other regions i at the input time step p on the traffic data v jq of the target region j at the output time step q;
- Data reconstruction module Based on the spatial attention factor, it is used to aggregate the traffic data of other regions at each historical time step, and splices the aggregated traffic data with the traffic data of the target region to generate a dynamic spatial and temporal information. new traffic data;
- Traffic prediction module used to input the new traffic data into the sequence model, and perform multi-step prediction on the traffic conditions of the target area.
- a terminal includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein,
- the memory stores program instructions for implementing the highway traffic state prediction method
- the processor is configured to execute the program instructions stored in the memory to control highway traffic state prediction.
- a storage medium storing program instructions executable by a processor, where the program instructions are used to execute the highway traffic state prediction method.
- the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present application are: the road traffic state prediction method, system, terminal and storage medium of the embodiments of the present application model the traffic network as a graph and combine the accessibility between regions.
- Prior knowledge, shortest path algorithm and graph embedding technology calculate the spatial attention factor of the traffic data of each area in the traffic network in different time periods to the traffic data of the target area in different prediction time periods, and based on the spatial attention factor Constructing new traffic data containing spatiotemporal linkage information, inputting the reconstructed new traffic data into the sequence model for multi-step prediction of traffic data in the target area, which can more accurately and comprehensively consider the spatiotemporal characteristics of the entire traffic network for the target area.
- the influence of traffic data in different forecasting time periods so as to achieve higher precision forecasting effect.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for predicting a road traffic state according to an embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a highway traffic state prediction system according to an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for predicting a road traffic state according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the road traffic state prediction method of the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:
- S10 Obtain the traffic road network, construct a directed and authorized graph according to the traffic road network, take the area where each sensor used to collect traffic data in the road network is located as a node on the graph, and use the historical traffic data collected by each sensor As the original time series feature data of the corresponding node;
- Each sensor in the road network is constantly generating new traffic data. Assuming that each sensor in the road network generates FI traffic data in each time period, the traffic data generated by area i in time period p is: The traffic data generated by the entire traffic network in the time period p is The total traffic data of the entire traffic network in the past P time periods are recorded as The traffic data of the target area j in the future Q (Q>1) time periods are: in represents the traffic data of area j at the future time q, and F O is the number of traffic data to be predicted.
- the prediction target of the embodiment of the present invention is to use the total traffic data of the entire network in the past P time periods to predict the traffic data of the target area j in the future Q time periods, and the formula is as follows:
- G j is the structural information related to the region j in the graph G
- f is the graph-based deep learning framework.
- the loss function used in the present invention is the mean square error, specifically:
- the embodiment of the present invention uses the inter-regional accessibility prior knowledge to calculate the spatial attention factor, and because the spatial attention factor calculated based on the accessibility prior knowledge is inflexible, the spatial attention factor is further combined with the graph embedding algorithm.
- the force factor is corrected to accurately and comprehensively describe the connection strength of different regions in different time periods, accurately capture the spatiotemporal linkage dependence in the transportation network, and facilitate the subsequent multi-step prediction of traffic data more effectively.
- the spatial attention factor is calculated as follows: denote the traffic data of the target area j at the output time step q as v jq , denote the traffic data of other areas i at the input time step p as v ip , and denote the input time step p
- the time difference from the output time step q is recorded as qp, (p ⁇ q)
- the shortest path length between the target area j and other areas i is recorded as M ij (measured by time)
- the embodiment of the present invention calculates the spatial attention factor to measure the reachability-based traffic data influence strength between other areas and the target area.
- the calculation formula of the spatial attention factor is as follows:
- the embodiment of the present invention adopts a graph embedding technique to correct the spatial attention factor.
- the correction method of the spatial attention factor is as follows: Assuming that all regions learn a hidden vector, the hidden vector of the target region j at time step q is written as The hidden vectors of other regions i at time step p are The co-occurrence probability of target region j and other regions i in the hidden space is In order to make the co-occurrence probability as close as possible to the spatial attention factor e jqip , the distance between them is defined as The optimization objective is to minimize this distance In the embodiment of the present invention, the KL divergence is used as the distance function d for optimization, and the optimization formula is as follows:
- the optimization objective can be trained separately, and the revised spatial attention factor is random.
- the optimization objective can also be trained together with the prediction objective, in which case the revised spatial attention factor can be adapted to the traffic data.
- the overall objective function formula is as follows:
- the new traffic data includes the influence of the entire network in each historical time step on the traffic data of the target area at different time steps in the future;
- the traffic data reconstruction method is as follows:
- the vector represents the importance of all other regions input time step p to target region j at time step q. is the aggregated traffic data for all other regions at input time step p, and the aggregated weight vector is
- the present invention aggregates the traffic data of all other areas and splices the historical traffic data of the target area at the input time step p, denoted as
- the impact of all input time steps of the entire network on the target region is recorded as Concatenate all the output time steps of the entire network to the traffic data aggregation of all output time steps in the target area, denoted as
- the formula is as follows:
- S40 Input the new traffic data into the sequence model, and perform multi-step prediction on the traffic conditions of the target area in multiple time steps;
- sequence-to-sequence model multi-step prediction formula is as follows:
- the sequence-to-sequence model (Seq2Seq) includes an encoder and a decoder, and the encoder and the decoder are both gated recurrent unit network GRUs, specifically:
- H p GRU_Encoder(X p ,H p-1 ) (10)
- p is the input time step
- q is the output time step
- Y q-1 is the traffic data at time step q-1
- C is the context vector output by the encoder
- the embodiment of the present invention adopts the gated recurrent unit network GRU as the encoder and decoder of the sequence-to-sequence model, which can capture the long-term time dependence in the time series data, and has a moderate amount of parameters, short training time, and better performance. .
- the highway traffic state prediction method of the embodiment of the present application calculates the time period of each region in the traffic network by modeling the traffic network as a graph, combining the prior knowledge of accessibility between regions, the shortest path algorithm and the graph embedding technology
- the spatial attention factor of the traffic data of the target area in different prediction time periods, and reconstruct the new traffic data containing the spatiotemporal linkage information based on the spatial attention factor, and input the reconstructed new traffic data into the sequence model to carry out
- the multi-step prediction of the traffic data of the target area can more accurately and comprehensively take into account the impact of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the entire traffic network on the traffic data of the target area in different prediction time periods, so as to achieve a more accurate prediction effect.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a highway traffic state prediction system according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the highway traffic state prediction system 40 of the embodiment of the present application includes:
- Graph building module 41 used to obtain the traffic road network, construct a directed weighted graph according to the traffic road network, take the area where each sensor used for collecting traffic data in the road network is located as a node on the graph, The collected historical traffic data is used as the original time series feature data of the corresponding node;
- Spatial attention factor calculation module 42 used to calculate the shortest spending time of any two regions (nodes) based on the directed weighted graph, using the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm combined with the weighted adjacency matrix of the traffic road network, and calculating based on the shortest spending time
- the spatial attention factor of the target area and other areas due to their accessibility within a given time period, and the spatial attention factor is corrected by the graph embedding algorithm to adapt to the current traffic data and dynamically extract traffic spatiotemporal dependence in the data; wherein, the spatial attention factor represents the degree of influence of the traffic data v ip of other regions i at the input time step p on the traffic data v jq of the target region j at the output time step q;
- Data reconstruction module 43 used to aggregate the original traffic data of other regions at each historical time step based on the corrected spatial attention factor, and stitch the aggregated original traffic data with the original traffic data of the target region and perform linear enhancement , generating new traffic data containing dynamic spatiotemporal information;
- Traffic prediction module 44 used to input the new traffic data into the sequence model, and perform multi-step prediction on the traffic conditions of the target area in multiple time steps.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the terminal 50 includes a processor 51 and a memory 52 coupled to the processor 51 .
- the memory 52 stores program instructions for implementing the above-described road traffic state prediction method.
- the processor 51 is configured to execute program instructions stored in the memory 52 to control the highway traffic state prediction.
- the processor 51 may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit, central processing unit).
- the processor 51 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability.
- the processor 51 may also be a general purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), off-the-shelf programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component .
- DSP digital signal processor
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA off-the-shelf programmable gate array
- a general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application.
- the storage medium of this embodiment of the present application stores a program file 61 capable of implementing all the above methods, wherein the program file 61 may be stored in the above-mentioned storage medium in the form of a software product, and includes several instructions to make a computer device (which may It is a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor that executes all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.
- a computer device which may It is a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.
- a processor that executes all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.
- the aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, removable hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes , or terminal devices such as computers, servers, mobile phones, and tablets.
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- 一种公路交通状态预测方法,其特征在于,包括:获取交通路网,根据所述交通路网构建有向有权图,将所述交通路网中的每个传感器所在区域作为所述有向有权图上的一个节点,将每个传感器所收集的历史交通数据作为对应节点的原始时间序列数据;基于所述有向有权图,采用最短路径算法计算任意两个区域的最短花费时间,基于所述最短花费时间计算目标区域与其他区域在给定时间段内的空间注意力因子;其中,所述空间注意力因子表示其他区域i在输入时间步p的交通数据v ip对目标区域j在输出时间步q的交通数据v jq的影响程度;基于所述空间注意力因子,在每个历史时间步聚合其他区域的交通数据,并将聚合后的交通数据与目标区域的交通数据进行拼接,生成包含动态时空信息的新的交通数据;将所述新的交通数据输入序列到序列模型中,对所述目标区域的交通状况进行多步预测。
- 根据权利要求1所述的公路交通状态预测方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述交通路网构建有向有权图包括:定义有向有权图G=(V,E,A),图中每个顶点代表所述交通路网中每个传感器所在的区域,V={v 1,…,v N}是顶点集,代表图G中共有N个顶点,v i是第个i顶点,即为区域i; 是边集,其中e i,j代表区域i和j之间的连接关系;A=(w ij) N×N是图G的邻接矩阵,元素w ij代表从区域i到区域j所花费的时间;
- 根据权利要求2所述的公路交通状态预测方法,其特征在于,所述基于所述最短花费时间计算目标区域与其他区域在给定时间段内的空间注意力因子包括:将所述输入时间步p与输出时间步q的时间差记为q-p(p<q),将目标区域j与其他区域i之间的最短路径长度记为M ij,假设车辆在时间步p从区域i出发到目标区域j,则有以下判定条件:如果q-p<M ij,表示车辆无法在时间步q前到达目标区域j,则判定v ip对v jq的影响强度小;如果t s>q-p≥M ij,且t s与q-p的差值小于设定阈值,表示车辆能够在时间步q前到达目标区域j,则v ip对v jq的影响强度大;其中,t s表示车辆不走最短路径或发生堵塞,花费的时间大于M ij但仍然在预设时间范围内;如果p-q>>M ij,表示车辆在时间步q前已经到达目标区域j且已经离开,则v ip对v jq的影响强度小;基于所述判定规则,所述空间注意力因子计算公式为:
- 一种公路交通状态预测系统,其特征在于,包括:图构建模块:用于获取交通路网,根据所述交通路网构建有向有权图,将所述交通路网中的每个传感器所在区域作为所述有向有权图上的一个节点,将每个传感器所收集的历史交通数据作为对应节点的原始时间序列数据;空间注意力因子计算模块:用于基于所述有向有权图,采用最短路径算法计算任意两个区域的最短花费时间,基于所述最短花费时间计算目标区域与其他区域在给定时间段内的空间注意力因子;其中,所述空间注意力因子表示其他区域i在输入时间步p的交通数据v ip对目标区域j在输出时间步q的交通数据v jq的影响程度;数据重构模块:用于基于所述空间注意力因子,在每个历史时间步聚合其他 区域的交通数据,并将聚合后的交通数据与目标区域的交通数据进行拼接,生成包含动态时空信息的新的交通数据;交通预测模块:用于将所述新的交通数据输入序列到序列模型中,对所述目标区域的交通状况进行多步预测。
- 一种终端,其特征在于,所述终端包括处理器、与所述处理器耦接的存储器,其中,所述存储器存储有用于实现权利要求1-7任一项所述的公路交通状态预测方法的程序指令;所述处理器用于执行所述存储器存储的所述程序指令以控制公路交通状态预测。
- 一种存储介质,其特征在于,存储有处理器可运行的程序指令,所述程序指令用于执行权利要求1至7任一项所述公路交通状态预测方法。
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