WO2022100323A1 - 一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统 - Google Patents

一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统 Download PDF

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WO2022100323A1
WO2022100323A1 PCT/CN2021/122594 CN2021122594W WO2022100323A1 WO 2022100323 A1 WO2022100323 A1 WO 2022100323A1 CN 2021122594 W CN2021122594 W CN 2021122594W WO 2022100323 A1 WO2022100323 A1 WO 2022100323A1
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data
layer
sound
vibration
sensing
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PCT/CN2021/122594
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
游溢
张陵
王开科
何成
赵普志
高荣刚
赵建平
王欣欣
刘先福
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Nanjing Unitech Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Nanjing Unitech Electric Power Co Ltd
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority to US17/616,310 priority Critical patent/US11815565B2/en
Publication of WO2022100323A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022100323A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
    • G01R31/62—Testing of transformers

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  • the invention relates to the field of transformers, in particular to a large-scale transformer operating state perception system based on sound-vibration integration.
  • the "National Medium- and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline” (2006-2020) lists "super-large-scale power transmission and distribution and power grid security” as a key area and its priority theme.
  • the acoustic detection of the main equipment of the power grid can obtain the vibration characteristics of the equipment without power failure.
  • the use of big data, artificial intelligence and other analysis algorithms to mine the voiceprint characteristics of the equipment under different operating conditions and defects It can effectively characterize its mechanical properties and is one of the important means to judge the state of the equipment.
  • the power sector in order to ensure the safe operation of the power system and to detect and remove some early latent faults as early as possible, the power sector must carry out regular power outage repairs and maintenance on the transformers according to the requirements of the "Preventive Test Regulations for Power Equipment".
  • This mechanism undoubtedly plays an important role in preventing transformer failures and ensuring reliable operation of transformers.
  • the power failure maintenance mechanism is often in accordance with the maintenance cycle stipulated in the charter.
  • the current operating status of the equipment is quite blind.
  • due to the complexity of some tests and the impact of power outages it often causes a lot of waste of manpower and financial resources, and it is undoubtedly a long-term maintenance of an already healthy transformer. It will damage the stability of the system to a large extent, and the consequences will lead to a significant increase in the probability of equipment damage in advance, and may cause the prevented failure to occur in advance.
  • the manufacturing quality and the technical level of operation and maintenance of the on-load tap-changer are directly related to the operation safety of the on-load tap-changer.
  • the failure of on-load tap-changers is also increasing.
  • the accidents or faults of the on-load tap-changer account for 18% and 12% respectively; among the faults of the 500kV transformer, the on-load tap-changer fault accounts for 25%.
  • on-load tap-changer faults account for 41% of on-load tap-changer faults.
  • the failure rate of on-load tap-changers is still high and is on the rise.
  • domestic average statistics show that on-load tap-changer faults account for more than 20% of transformer faults.
  • the society's dependence on electricity requires higher reliability of power supply, more and more complex power grids, more and more types and quantities of connected devices, changes in the form of power grids, and increased pressure on the safe operation of power grids; Affected by factors such as power reduction and power growth deceleration, the power grid business is facing increasingly fierce market competition, and corporate operations have encountered bottlenecks; social and economic forms such as the Internet economy and digital economy have changed. Great challenge.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the requirement of long-term online monitoring of the running state of the on-load tap-changer, the sensor channel and sensor type can be flexibly configured according to different application requirements, and it has the function of automatically acquiring and recognizing the gear change, which can The shift situation corresponding to the monitoring signal is correctly identified and processed.
  • a large-scale transformer operating state perception system based on sound-vibration integration including a perception layer, a network layer and a diagnosis layer, wherein,
  • Real-time monitoring includes the coupled vibration signal and sound signal state parameters of transformer core, winding, clamp and shell, and the vibration signal and sound signal state parameters during the shift of the on-load tap-changer, and conduct preliminary diagnosis of monitoring data analyze;
  • Network layer responsible for reliable transmission of monitoring signals to the background
  • Diagnosis layer realize the basic information management of the tested on-load tap-changer equipment; configure the parameters used in the analysis of the sensing layer; receive the monitoring data sent by the sensing layer; analyze and display the monitoring status of the tested equipment and advanced intelligent analysis results in real time; Monitoring data for fault data analysis, original spectrum analysis, envelope analysis, energy spectrum analysis functions; case library generation and management functions; standard library generation and management functions; report generation functions; receiving and managing basic equipment information sent by data access nodes and the state of the device under test; alarm the abnormal state to prompt the user; perform statistical analysis on the distribution of fault gears and fault types for the state of the device under test.
  • the sensing layer has two types of sensing terminals, which collect vibration signals and voiceprint signals respectively, integrate sensors, data acquisition boards, wireless modules and batteries in the sensing terminals, and transmit them to the centralized control unit wirelessly;
  • the MCU module as the main control chip, is responsible for configuring sensors and communication units, collecting and processing sensor information, and finally sending it to the communication unit;
  • the sensor unit is responsible for sensing and collecting environmental information;
  • the communication unit is responsible for receiving and modulating the signals sent by the MCU or demodulating The signal is received from the antenna;
  • the antenna is responsible for the transmission and reception of the signal, and the acoustic vibration signal is sent from the sensor to the ultra-low power consumption voltage comparator through the micro-power crystal amplifier.
  • the FET field effect switch is activated.
  • the sensing terminal after the sensing terminal receives the command issued by the sink node, it first performs CRC16 check on the data to ensure that the data is accurate, and then executes the corresponding operation according to the frame command in the message, and uploads the corresponding data information to the gateway after execution. .
  • the sensing terminal is also equipped with a sensing terminal software.
  • the sensing terminal not only needs to complete data collection, but also needs to upload and receive data and commands through the LoRa network.
  • the CRC check is also performed on the message data to ensure that the data is accurate.
  • the command in the message is used to determine whether it is a message sent by the server or a message uploaded by the sensing terminal; if it is a sent message , the device number is used to determine whether it is the self or the sensing terminal; if it is an upload message, and the CRC check of the received data is correct, the data is uploaded to the server.
  • the perception layer further includes a centralized control unit, which monitors in real time and continuously online, and adopts an industrial computer and a multi-channel acquisition card.
  • the network layer adopts the LoRa communication method to improve the reliability of sensor communication and the intelligent level of the system.
  • the diagnosis layer is arranged on the station-end server to acquire the monitoring data and preliminary analysis results sent by the perception layer in real time.
  • the system can meet the requirement of long-term online monitoring of the running state of the on-load tap changer, the sensor channel and sensor type can be flexibly configured according to different application requirements, and the system has the function of automatically acquiring and recognizing the gear change, The shift situation corresponding to the monitoring signal can be correctly identified and processed.
  • the sink node and the access node undertake different edge computing tasks respectively, which can greatly improve the overall computing and processing efficiency of the system.
  • the strategy of preliminary diagnosis and fine diagnosis is adopted, and the multi-dimensional state data such as voiceprint signal and vibration signal are fully used to carry out distributed, integrated and intelligent calculation and analysis of the transformer, and the diagnosis and analysis results are given.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sensing terminal according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a sensing terminal according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ad hoc gateway according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the software operation of the sensing terminal according to some embodiments of the present invention.
  • plural means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless expressly and specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “arrangement”, “socket connection”, “connection”, “penetration”, “plug connection” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, It can also be detachable connection or integrated; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements relationship, unless otherwise expressly qualified.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • a large-scale transformer operating state perception system based on sound-vibration integration of the present invention includes a perception layer, a network layer and a diagnosis layer.
  • the sensing equipment of the system arranged on the transformer site includes pressure sensing terminal, centralized control unit, etc.
  • sensing terminals There are two types of sensing terminals in the system, which collect vibration signals and voiceprint signals respectively, integrate sensors, data acquisition boards, wireless modules and batteries in the sensing terminals, and transmit them to the centralized control unit wirelessly, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the MCU module is responsible for configuring sensors and communication units, collecting sensor information and processing it, and finally sending it to the communication unit;
  • the sensor unit is responsible for sensing and collecting environmental information;
  • the communication unit is responsible for receiving and modulating the signals sent by the MCU or demodulating from the antenna. The signal is received;
  • the antenna is responsible for the transmission and reception of the signal. Since there are few tasks processed in the MCU, the requirements for its main frequency performance are not particularly high, but at least it should have enough GPIO pins and SPI interface to ensure the control and communication of the wireless chip, and must also have a UART interface. to communicate with other devices.
  • MCU chip technical indicators requirements are as follows in Table 1:
  • MCU terminal request pin 4 4 main frequency clock pulse 36MHz 72MHz
  • the acoustic vibration signal is sent from the sensor to the ultra-low power consumption voltage comparator through the micro-power crystal amplifier.
  • the FET field effect switch is activated.
  • the acoustic vibration signal reaching the limit value means that the vibration range is ⁇ 50g. , the sound range is 30dB(A)-124dB(A).
  • the power consumption of the whole circuit is only 6MA, and the button lithium battery can work for five years.
  • a single resistor R7 in Figure 2 determines the sensitivity to vibration, and the size of the resistor can be selected to filter tiny noises.
  • an adjustable delay filter is also designed. When the vibration signal is detected, the circuit can output a positive signal as a working state or an alarm function.
  • the gateway is the core of the entire wireless communication network. It is not only used to combine the terminal nodes in the system to form the entire wireless local area communication network to realize the networking operation of multiple terminal nodes, but also the coordinator of the entire system. And the controller, which coordinates the communication process of all terminal nodes, controls the life cycle of the terminal in the network. MCU, a wireless transceiver module, memory, power management. The gateway device is mainly responsible for receiving the data information transmitted by the terminal and forwarding it to the server.
  • the sensing terminal not only needs to complete data collection, but also needs to upload and receive data and commands through the LoRa network. After the sensing terminal receives the command issued by the sink node, it first performs CRC16 check on the data to ensure that the data is accurate, and then executes the corresponding operation according to the frame command in the message, uploads the corresponding data information to the gateway after execution, and the sensing terminal software workflow As shown in Figure 4.
  • the gateway needs to communicate with the LoRa wireless network and also with the server.
  • the software design flow chart is shown in Figure 5.
  • the sink node receives the message sent by the centralized copy management center or the message data uploaded by the collection node, it will also perform CRC check on the message data to ensure that the data is accurate.
  • the command in the message it is judged whether the message is sent by the server or the message uploaded by the sensing terminal.
  • the device number is used to judge whether it is for itself or the sensing terminal; in the case of an upload message, and the CRC check of the received data is correct, the data is uploaded to the server.
  • the centralized control unit can monitor in real time and continuously online, and adopts the structure of "industrial computer + multi-channel acquisition card" to realize multi-channel data parallel, high-speed acquisition and processing, excellent data processing ability to ensure the accuracy of data detection; system anti-interference design, detection
  • the data is subjected to four-level processing of the original signal through hardware filtering, software filtering, feature extraction, and primary diagnosis, which effectively eliminates external interference signals.
  • the centralized control unit configuration includes: power supply management module, analog conditioning module, data analysis and management module.
  • the LoRa communication method will be adopted to improve the reliability of sensor communication and the intelligence level of the system.
  • the diagnosis layer is arranged on the station server, which can obtain the monitoring data and preliminary analysis results sent by the perception layer in real time, and has the basic information management function of the tested on-load tap-changer equipment; configure the edge computing parameters of the perception layer; receive the monitoring data sent by the perception layer Function; real-time analysis and display of the monitoring status and advanced analysis results of the equipment under test; fault data analysis, original spectrum analysis, envelope analysis, energy spectrum analysis and other functions for specific monitoring data; case library generation and management functions; standard library generation and Management functions; report generation functions, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，包括感知层、网络层和诊断层，其中，感知层：实时监测包括变压器铁心、绕组、夹件及外壳的耦合振动信号和声音信号状态参量，有载分接开关档位变换过程中的振动信号和声音信号状态参量，对监测数据进行初步诊断分析。该系统能够满足对有载分接开关运行状态进行长期在线监测的需求，可根据不同的应用需求灵活配置传感器通道和传感器类型，具备自动获取和识别档位变化的功能，可对监测信号对应的换挡情况进行正确标识和处理。

Description

一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统 技术领域
本发明涉及变压器领域，具体涉及一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统。
背景技术
《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要》(2006-2020)将"超大规模输配电和电网安全保障"列为重点领域及其优先主题。电网主设备声学检测可以在不停电状态下获取设备的振动特性，通过对设备声学指纹的分析，利用大数据、人工智能等分析算法，挖掘设备在不同运行工况和缺陷下的声纹特征，可以有效地表征其机械特性，是判断设备状态的重要手段之一。
近年来变压器的制作工艺和流程在不断优化，但是由于变压器长期运行，总是会出现不同程度的损坏和潜伏性的故障。电力变压器在过载运行以及大短路电流的冲击下，巨大的电磁力对变压器的铁芯、绕组等重要组件产生强大的冲击力，导致部件机械强度减弱，这种故障可能不会马上凸显，但是随着损伤的日积月累，并伴随着部分组件的绝缘老化、劣化，势必引起一些重大故障的出现。因此长期以来，电力部门为确保电力系统的安全运行，及早发现并去除一些早期潜伏性故障，须根据《电力设备预防性试验规程》的要求，对变压器进行定期停电检修和维护。这种机制无疑对防止变压器故障发生、保证变压器可靠运行等方面起到了重要作用，但是停电检修机制往往是按照章程中规定的检修周期，到了一定的时间必须对变压器进行相关的试验项目，而不顾设备当前运行状况，存在较大的盲目性，同时由于部分试验的复杂性以及停电所带来的影响，往往会造成大量人力、财力的浪费，而且长期对一台本就健康的变压器进行检修，无疑会在很大程度上损害系统的稳定性，其后果将导致设备提前 损坏的概率明显提高，并可能使得所预防的故障反而提前发生。
有载分接开关的制造质量和运行、检修技术水平直接关系到有载调压变压器的运行安全。随着有载调压变压器在电网应用的增多，有载分接开关的故障也在增加。据统计，全国110kV～500kV变压器事故或故障中，有载分接开关的事故或故障分别占18％和12％；在500kV变压器发生的故障中，有载分接开关故障占25％。据国外资料统计表明，有载分接开关故障占有载调压变压器故障的41％。现在有载分接开关的故障率仍居高不下，且呈上升趋势。国内平均统计数据表明，有载分接开关故障占变压器故障的20％以上。
同时，2019年“两会”做出全面推进“三型两网建设”，加快打造具有全球竞争力的世界一流能源互联网企业的战略部署，是网络强国战略在公司的具体实践，是落实中央部署、发挥央企带头作用的重要举措，是适应内外部形式和挑战的必然要求。建设泛在电力物联网为电网运行更安全、管理更精益、投资更精准、服务更优质开辟了一条新路，同时也可以充分发挥电网独特优势，开拓数字经济这一巨大蓝海市场。建设泛在电力物联网是落实“三型两网、世界一流”的战略目标的核心人物。
社会对电的依赖，要求供电可靠性更高，电网越来越复杂，接入设备类型和数量越来越多，电网形态发生变化，电网安全运行压力加大；受电力市场开放、输配电价降低、电量增长减速等因素影响，电网业务面临日趋激烈市场竞争，企业经营遇到瓶颈；互联网经济、数字经济等社会经济形态发生变化，通过平台对接供需双方，打造多边市场，对电力行业带来巨大挑战。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是对有载分接开关运行状态进行长期在线监测的需求，可根据不同的应用需求灵活配置传感器通道和传感器类型，具备自动获取和识别档位变化的功能，可对监测信号对应的换挡情况进行正确标识和处 理。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现的：一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，包括感知层、网络层和诊断层，其中，
感知层：实时监测包括变压器铁心、绕组、夹件及外壳的耦合振动信号和声音信号状态参量，有载分接开关档位变换过程中的振动信号和声音信号状态参量，对监测数据进行初步诊断分析；
网络层：负责将监测信号可靠传输到后台；
诊断层：实现被测有载分接开关设备基本信息管理；配置感知层分析用到的参数；接收感知层发送的监测数据；实时分析并显示被测设备监测状态及高级智能分析结果；对具体监测数据进行故障数据分析、原始图谱分析、包络分析、能量谱分析功能；案例库生成及管理功能；标准库生成及管理功能；报告生成功能；接收并管理数据接入节点发送的设备基本信息及被测设备状态；对异常状态进行告警，提示用户；对被测设备状态进行故障档位分布、故障类型分布等统计分析。
作为优选的技术方案，所述感知层共有二类感知终端，分别采集振动信号和声纹信号，感知终端内集成传感器、数据采集板、无线模块和电池，通过无线方式传输到集控单元；
其中，MCU模块作为主控芯片，负责配置传感器和通信单元，采集传感器信息并处理，最后发送给通信单元；传感器单元负责感知并采集环境信息；通信单元负责接收调制MCU发送过来的信号或解调从天线接收到信号；天线负责信号的收发，声振信号由传感器经微功耗晶体放大器至超低功耗电压比较器，当声振信号达到极限值，FET场效应开关被激活。
作为优选的技术方案，感知终端接收汇聚节点下发的命令后，首先对数据进行CRC16校验确保数据准确无误，其次根据报文中帧命令执行相应的操作，执行完将相应数据信息上传给网关。
作为优选的技术方案，感知终端还配置有一感知终端软件，感知终端既要完成数据采集，也需通过LoRa网络上传和接收数据及命令，汇聚节点接收到集 抄管理中心下发报文或采集节点上传报文数据时，也会对报文数据进行CRC校验确保数据准确无误，同时通过报文中命令，判断是服务器下发的报文还是感知终端上传的报文；如为下发报文，则通过设备号判断是自己还是对感知终端；如为上传报文，且对接收的数据CRC校验正确，则上传数据到服务器。
作为优选的技术方案，感知层还包括一集控单元，集控单元实时、连续在线监测，采用工控机和多路采集卡。
作为优选的技术方案，网络层采用LoRa通信方式，提高传感器通信可靠性和系统的智能化水平。
作为优选的技术方案，诊断层布置于站端服务器，用于实时获取感知层发送的监测数据和初步分析结果。
本发明的有益效果是：系统能够满足对有载分接开关运行状态进行长期在线监测的需求，可根据不同的应用需求灵活配置传感器通道和传感器类型，具备自动获取和识别档位变化的功能，可对监测信号对应的换挡情况进行正确标识和处理。
采用数据就地计算的边缘计算体系，汇聚节点和接入节点分别承担不同的边缘计算任务，可大幅度提高系统的整体运算和处理效率。
采用初步诊断加精细诊断的策略，充分使用声纹信号、振动信号等多维状态数据对变压器进行分布式、融合化、智能化的计算分析，给出诊断分析结果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明的一些实施例的感知终端示意图；
图2为本发明的一些实施例的感知终端电路图；
图3为本发明的一些实施例的自组网关示意图；
图4为本发明的一些实施例的感知终端软件工作流程图；
图5为本发明的一些实施例的软件设计流程图；
具体实施方式
本说明书中公开的所有特征，或公开的所有方法或过程中的步骤，除了互相排斥的特征和/或步骤以外，均可以以任何方式组合。
本说明书(包括任何附加权利要求、摘要和附图)中公开的任一特征，除非特别叙述，均可被其他等效或具有类似目的的替代特征加以替换。即，除非特别叙述，每个特征只是一系列等效或类似特征中的一个例子而已。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“一端”、“另一端”、“外侧”、“上”、“内侧”、“水平”、“同轴”、“中央”、“端部”、“长度”、“外端”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本发明使用的例如“上”、“上方”、“下”、“下方”等表示空间相对位置的术语是出于便于说明的目的来描述如附图中所示的一个单元或特征相对于另一个单元或特征的关系。空间相对位置的术语可以旨在包括设备在使用或工作中除了图中所示方位以外的不同方位。例如，如果将图中的设备翻转，则被描述为位于其他单元或特征“下方”或“之下”的单元将位于其他单元或特征“上方”。因此，示例性术语“下方”可以囊括上方和下方这两种方位。设备可以以其他方式被定向(旋转90度或其他朝向)，并相应地解释本文使用的与空间相关的描述语
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“套接”、“连 接”、“贯穿”、“插接”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，本发明的一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，包括感知层、网络层和诊断层。
(1)感知层
系统在变压器就地布置的感知设备包括压感知终端、集控单元等。
1)感知终端硬件设计
系统共有二类感知终端，分别采集振动信号和声纹信号，感知终端内集成传感器、数据采集板、无线模块和电池，通过无线方式传输到集控单元，如图1所示。
MCU模块作为主控芯片，负责配置传感器和通信单元，采集传感器信息并处理，最后发送给通信单元；传感器单元负责感知并采集环境信息；通信单元负责接收调制MCU发送过来的信号或解调从天线接收到信号；天线负责信号的收发。由于在MCU处理的任务较少因此对其主频性能的要求并不是特别高，但是至少它应该拥有足够的GPIO引脚及SPI接口来保证对无线芯片的控制及通信，同时还必须具有UART接口来实现与其他设备的通信。MCU芯片技术指标要求如下表1：
参数 最低值 推荐值
Flash 32K 64K
RAM 4K 8K
SPI接口 必须 必须
UART接口 必须 必须
MCU终端请求引脚 4个 4个
主频时钟脉冲 36MHz 72MHz
表1。
声振信号由传感器经微功耗晶体放大器至超低功耗电压比较器，当声振信号达到极限值，FET场效应开关被激活，所述声振信号达到极限值是指振动范围为±50g，声音范围为30dB(A)-124dB(A)。整个电路功耗仅6MA，纽扣锂电池供电可工作五年。
图2中单个电阻R7决定了振动的灵敏度，选择电阻的大小可过滤微小噪声。在电压比较电路之后，还设计了一个可调延迟滤波器。当检测到振动信号后，该电路可输出一个正信号，作为工作状态或报警作用。
2)自组网关构成
如图3所示，网关是整个无线通信网络的核心所在，它不仅用于联合系统中的终端节点构成整个无线局域通信网络实现多终端节点的组网操作，同时他也是整个系统的协调器以及控制器，协调所有终端节点的通信过程，控制着终端在网络中的生命周期。MCU、一个无线收发模块、存储器、电源管理。网关设备主要负责接收终端传输过来的数据信息并向服务器转发。
3)感知终端软件设计
感知终端既要完成数据采集，也需通过LoRa网络上传和接收数据及命令。感知终端接收汇聚节点下发的命令后，首先对数据进行CRC16校验确保数据准确无误，其次根据报文中帧命令执行相应的操作，执行完将相应数据信息上传给网关，感知终端软件工作流程如图4所示。
网关需与LoRa无线网络通信，也需与服务器进行通信，其软件设计流程图如图5所示。汇聚节点接收到集抄管理中心下发报文或采集节点上传报文数据时，也会对报文数据进行CRC校验确保数据准确无误。同时通过报文中命令，判断是服务器下发的报文还是感知终端上传的报文。如为下发报文，则通过设备号判断是自己还是对感知终端；如为上传报文，且对接收的数据CRC校验正 确，则上传数据到服务器。
为了保证数据报文的机密性和完整性，采用2个密钥和2种算法分别实现机密性和完整性的保护。
4)集控单元
集控单元可实时、连续在线监测，采用“工控机+多路采集卡”结构实现多路数据并行、高速采集及处理，优异的数据处理能力保证数据检测的准确性；系统抗干扰设计，检测数据经过硬件滤波、软件滤波、特征量提取、初级诊断对原始信号进行四级处理，有效的剔除外部干扰信号。
集控单元配置包括：供电管理模块、模拟调理模块、数据分析及管理模块。
(2)网络层
将采用LoRa通信方式，提高传感器通信可靠性和系统的智能化水平。
(3)诊断层
诊断层布置于站端服务器，可实时获取感知层发送的监测数据和初步分析结果，具有被测有载分接开关设备基本信息管理功能；配置感知层边缘计算参数；接收感知层发送的监测数据功能；实时分析并显示被测设备监测状态及高级分析结果；对具体监测数据进行故障数据分析、原始图谱分析、包络分析、能量谱分析等功能；案例库生成及管理功能；标准库生成及管理功能；报告生成功能等。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，其特征在于：包括感知层、网络层和诊断层，其中，
    感知层：实时监测包括变压器铁心、绕组、夹件及外壳的耦合振动信号和声音信号状态参量，有载分接开关档位变换过程中的振动信号和声音信号状态参量，对监测数据进行初步诊断分析；
    网络层：负责将监测信号可靠传输到后台；
    诊断层：实现被测有载分接开关设备基本信息管理；配置感知层分析用到的参数；接收感知层发送的监测数据；实时分析并显示被测设备监测状态及高级智能分析结果；对具体监测数据进行故障数据分析、原始图谱分析、包络分析、能量谱分析功能；案例库生成及管理功能；标准库生成及管理功能；报告生成功能；接收并管理数据接入节点发送的设备基本信息及被测设备状态；对异常状态进行告警，提示用户；对被测设备状态进行故障档位分布、故障类型分布等统计分析。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，其特征在于：所述感知层共有二类感知终端，分别采集振动信号和声纹信号，感知终端内集成传感器、数据采集板、无线模块和电池，通过无线方式传输到集控单元；
    其中，MCU模块作为主控芯片，负责配置传感器和通信单元，采集传感器信息并处理，最后发送给通信单元；传感器单元负责感知并采集环境信息；通信单元负责接收调制MCU发送过来的信号或解调从天线接收到信号；天线负责信号的收发，声振信号由传感器经微功耗晶体放大器至超低功耗电压比较器，当声振信号达到极限值，FET场效应开关被激活。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，其特征在于：感知终端接收汇聚节点下发的命令后，首先对数据进行CRC16校验确保数据准确无误，其次根据报文中帧命令执行相应的操作，执行完将相应数据信息上传给网关。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统， 其特征在于：感知终端还配置有一感知终端软件，感知终端既要完成数据采集，也需通过LoRa网络上传和接收数据及命令，汇聚节点接收到集抄管理中心下发报文或采集节点上传报文数据时，也会对报文数据进行CRC校验确保数据准确无误，同时通过报文中命令，判断是服务器下发的报文还是感知终端上传的报文；如为下发报文，则通过设备号判断是自己还是对感知终端；如为上传报文，且对接收的数据CRC校验正确，则上传数据到服务器。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，其特征在于：感知层还包括一集控单元，集控单元实时、连续在线监测，采用工控机和多路采集卡。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，其特征在于：网络层采用LoRa通信方式，提高传感器通信可靠性和系统的智能化水平。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的基于声-振一体化的大型变压器运行状态感知系统，其特征在于：诊断层布置于站端服务器，用于实时获取感知层发送的监测数据和初步分析结果。
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CN118522310A (zh) * 2024-07-23 2024-08-20 北京谛声科技有限责任公司 一种oltc运行状态监测方法、装置和电子设备
CN120577742A (zh) * 2025-06-06 2025-09-02 内蒙古青城变压器有限公司 一种电力变压器实时数据异常预警系统

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