WO2022089077A1 - 一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法 - Google Patents
一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法 Download PDFInfo
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of computer vision, and in particular relates to a real-time binocular stereo matching method based on an adaptive candidate disparity prediction network.
- the binocular stereo vision system has a wide range of applications in robot navigation, intelligent monitoring, automatic driving and other application fields. Therefore, accurate and fast binocular stereo matching is of great significance for the real-time deployment of stereo vision systems in mobile devices.
- binocular stereo matching based on deep learning technology has benefited from the continuous innovation of neural network models, and the processing accuracy of its algorithms has been significantly improved.
- current high-precision stereo matching networks usually require a large amount of memory and computing resources, which makes it difficult to apply existing methods on resource-constrained mobile platforms.
- the end-to-end binocular stereo matching network mainly includes the steps of feature extraction, aggregation cost construction, matching cost aggregation, and disparity regression/optimization.
- the matching cost aggregation step plays a decisive role in the calculation speed and resource consumption of the model, so the reasonable optimization of this step becomes the key to the lightweight design of the network.
- existing methods mainly use a coarse-to-fine (Coarse-to-fine) disparity estimation strategy to greatly reduce the computational complexity of the cost aggregation step.
- the method first performs a full parallax range search at small resolution to obtain the coarse parallax estimation result, then upsampling step by step, and finely corrects the coarse estimated parallax with a very small amount of parallax offset at large resolution , so the calculation speed is significantly improved.
- the existing methods all use a fixed offset method to provide candidate disparity for the fine estimation stage, which limits the candidate value to a small local range of the coarse disparity estimation result, which makes it difficult for disparity correction to meet the needs of different targets in different scenes. Therefore, the quality of disparity maps of existing methods is relatively poor.
- the existing coarse-to-fine methods usually adopt multi-stage (generally ⁇ 3 levels) processing to obtain more accurate disparity.
- multi-stage generally ⁇ 3 levels
- the computational speed decreases significantly.
- the existing lightweight binocular stereo matching network using the coarse-to-fine strategy is still difficult to meet the real-time requirements of mobile devices for stereo vision in terms of computational accuracy and speed.
- the purpose of the present invention is to propose a real-time binocular stereo matching method based on an adaptive candidate disparity prediction network to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
- the present invention uses the coarse disparity estimation result and the original image information to dynamically predict the disparity offset required in the fine estimation stage for each pixel, thereby adapting to the different requirements of different target objects for the disparity correction range.
- the present invention designs a two-stage processing structure to improve the computational accuracy and speed of the binocular stereo matching network.
- the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:
- a real-time binocular stereo matching method based on an adaptive candidate disparity prediction network comprising:
- multi-scale feature extraction is performed on the corrected stereo image pair by using 2D convolution to obtain high- and low-resolution feature maps; then, in the first stage, disparity is roughly estimated under the low-resolution feature map; then Use the coarse estimation disparity map and the left image for dynamic offset prediction, the offset is added to the coarse estimation result to generate an adaptive candidate disparity; the second-stage disparity estimation uses the adaptive candidate disparity and high-resolution feature map to construct a compact match The amount of cost, which is obtained by performing disparity regression after regularization to obtain a finely estimated disparity; finally, the disparity refinement module performs hierarchical upsampling on the fine disparity map to obtain a full-size disparity map.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, during feature extraction, firstly, a series of two-dimensional convolutions are used to downsample the input original image to 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 and 1/16, and then the 1/4 and 1/16 features for deeper feature extraction.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in the first stage of disparity estimation, the 1/16 feature map extracted from the feature is used for dislocation splicing to obtain a complete matching cost; Match the cost amount and regress the cost amount to obtain a rough estimated disparity map.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that the dynamic offset prediction DOP predicts the dynamic candidate disparity offset according to the rough estimated disparity map and the left image information, and adds it to the rough estimated disparity map to generate the adaptive candidate disparity.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that the DOP uses the disparity rough estimation result and the left image information to predict the dynamic offset, and then obtains the adaptive candidate disparity, which is expressed as follows:
- the specific process is: first, the rough estimated disparity map and the left image are bilinearly interpolated to 1/4 resolution, and then along the channel The direction is cascaded, and then the tensor is passed through a convolution to obtain the C DOP dimension representation, and then the tensor is passed through 4 residual blocks with a stride of 1 to obtain a size of (N-1) ⁇ H/4 ⁇ W/4
- the offset of where N is the total number of offsets, and H and W are the height and width of the input image; adding the offset and zero tensor to the rough estimated disparity map can get the adaptive candidate disparity dc p :
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in the second stage of disparity estimation, the adaptive candidate disparity is used to perform a warping operation on the 1/4 right feature map, that is, each pixel of the right feature map is shifted to different degrees according to the adaptive candidate disparity, and then It is cascaded with the left feature map to obtain a compact matching cost. After the cost is normalized, parallax regression is performed to obtain a fine disparity estimate of 1/4 resolution.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, when the parallax is refined, the parallax residual is predicted hierarchically by using the fine parallax estimation result and the left image information by cascading residual blocks, and the residual and parallax are added to obtain a refined parallax map, which is added on the Sampling to get full-size parallax;
- the Adam optimization method is used to optimize the SmoothL1Loss objective function.
- the specific formula is as follows:
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the present invention proposes a real-time binocular stereo matching method based on an adaptive candidate disparity prediction network.
- the DOP proposed by the method can predict the dynamic offset to replace the constant offset of the existing method.
- the offset is different from the rough estimation.
- the parallax results are added to generate an adaptive candidate parallax, which can adapt to different parallax correction range requirements of different image positions, and can restore the fine structural information lost in the rough estimation stage, significantly improving the quality of the parallax map.
- the present invention does not require the use of multi-stage processing operations similar to existing methods. Therefore, the present invention designs a two-stage processing structure from coarse to fine, which can greatly improve the accuracy and at the same time increase the speed to twice the original method.
- Fig. 1 is the overall framework of the real-time binocular stereo matching method based on adaptive candidate parallax prediction network of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feature extraction network of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of dynamic offset prediction and adaptive candidate disparity generation according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the visualization of the dynamic offset of the DOP, FIG. 4(a) is the dynamic candidate parallax offset, and FIG. 4(b) is the offset histogram;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a parallax refinement module of the present invention.
- a layer/element when referred to as being "on" another layer/element, it can be directly on the other layer/element or intervening layers/elements may be present therebetween. element.
- a layer/element if a layer/element is located "on” another layer/element in one orientation, then when the orientation is reversed, the layer/element can be located "under” the other layer/element.
- the present invention provides a real-time binocular stereo matching method based on an adaptive candidate disparity network,
- the method includes five steps: feature extraction, first-stage disparity estimation, dynamic offset prediction DOP (Dynamic Offset Prediction, DOP), second-stage disparity estimation and disparity refinement:
- DOP Dynamic Offset Prediction
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the present invention.
- the input of the neural network model for the binocular stereo matching task is the matched image pair I 1 and I 2 , and the output is the dense disparity map D of the target image I 1 .
- the network will learn a function (model) f satisfying the following relation:
- the network first extracts high-dimensional feature information F 1 and F 2 for matching cost calculation from the corrected original input images I 1 and I 2 , and then uses F 1 and F 2 to construct a three-dimensional matching cost and perform cost Aggregate, and finally regress the dense disparity map D.
- the overall model of the present invention mainly includes five modules including feature extraction f 1 , first-stage disparity estimation f 2 , DOPf 3 , second-stage disparity estimation f 4 and disparity refinement f 5 .
- Feature extraction f 1 uses a series of 2D convolution operations to learn 1/4 and 1/16 resolution feature representations of I 1 and I 2 as well as This process can be expressed as:
- the present invention uses three convolutions with downsampling rates of 2, 1, and 2, a residual block, and a convolution operation to transform the original input image I1 into a high-dimensional 2C ⁇ H/4 ⁇ W/4 Feature map
- H and W represent the height and width of the input image, respectively
- C is a constant that controls the number of feature extraction channels.
- the first stage of disparity estimation f 2 This module mainly includes three parts: constructing the complete matching cost, cost aggregation and disparity calculation.
- the construction process of the complete matching cost is as follows: under each parallax, The corresponding disparity value units are shifted to the left along the width direction, and then stitched with the target feature map (left) in the channel direction.
- the initial matching cost of size 16C ⁇ D/16 ⁇ H/16 ⁇ W/16 can be constructed where D represents the maximum disparity value.
- 6 cascaded standard 3D convolution pairs Perform regularization to obtain a matching cost of size 1 ⁇ D/16 ⁇ H/16 ⁇ W/16
- use Soft Argmin to regress the cost to obtain a rough estimated disparity value:
- cd represents the matching cost under the corresponding disparity d
- Dmax represents the maximum disparity under the resolution
- DOP f 3 DOP dynamically predicts the disparity offset of each pixel according to the f 2 coarse disparity result and the left image information. Specifically, it can be expressed as follows:
- the roughly estimated disparity map and the left image are bilinearly interpolated to 1/4 resolution, and then cascaded along the channel direction, and then the tensor is obtained through a convolution to obtain the C DOP dimension representation , and then the tensor obtains an offset of size (N-1) ⁇ H/4 ⁇ W/4 through 4 residual blocks with a stride of 1, where N is the total number of offsets, and the dynamic offset Its statistical histogram is shown in Figure 4. Adding this offset and zero tensor to the coarsely estimated disparity map yields the adaptive candidate disparity dc p :
- the second stage disparity estimation f 4 This module is similar to f 2 , and mainly includes three parts: constructing compact matching cost, cost aggregation and disparity calculation.
- the present invention uses the dc p pair obtained by f 3 to the 1/4 resolution feature map of the right figure Perform the warping operation, that is, perform different degrees of displacement on each pixel of the right feature map according to the candidate disparity, and then compare the 1/4 resolution feature map of the left image with the Cascade along the channel direction to form an initial matching cost of size 4C ⁇ D/4 ⁇ H/4 ⁇ W/4 next to Regularize to get the cost Finally, use Soft Argmin to regress the cost:
- the present invention is designed as a two-level coarse-to-fine structure for accurate and fast disparity estimation.
- Parallax refinement f 5 As shown in Figure 5, after obtaining 1/4 resolution parallax Later, the present invention performs two-level refinement and upsampling. Specifically, firstly, the present invention will It is cascaded with 1/4 of the left image, and after convolution, a tensor of size 32 ⁇ H/4 ⁇ W/4 is formed, and then the tensor undergoes expansion rates of 1, 2, 4, 8, 1, and 1, respectively. Residual block and a 2D convolution to obtain a disparity residual r 1 of size 1 ⁇ H/4 ⁇ W/4, which is compared with After the addition, the parallax refinement result at 1/4 resolution can be obtained. After upsampling the result to 1/2 resolution, the above process is repeated to obtain the parallax refinement result r 2 at 1/2 resolution. Finally, The final disparity result is obtained by upsampling the 1/2 refined disparity map to full resolution.
- the present invention uses the SmoothL1Loss function as the optimization target, and its specific formula is as follows:
- the present invention increases the output disparity map after the first convolution in the first and second stages
- the loss function is calculated as follows:
- the present invention selects the Adam optimizer to update the model parameters.
- the present invention performs pre-training on the FlyingThings3D, Driving and Monkaa data sets according to the above process, and then uses the pre-trained model to perform migration training in KITTI 2012 or KITTI 2015. At this point, the model optimization is completed, and online inference tasks can be performed.
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- 一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法,其特征在于,该方法包括:首先利用二维卷积对校正后的立体图像对进行多尺度特征提取,得到高、低分辨率的特征图;然后,在第一阶段中,在低分辨率特征图下进行视差粗估计;随后利用粗估计视差图和左图进行动态偏移量预测,该偏移量与粗估计结果相加生成自适应候选视差;第二阶段视差估计利用自适应候选视差和高分辨率特征图构建紧凑匹配代价量,该代价量通过正则化之后进行视差回归得到精细估计视差;最后,视差精修模块对精细视差图进行层次化上采样,得到全尺寸视差图。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法,其特征在于,特征提取时,首先用一系列二维卷积将输入原图逐级下采样到1/2、1/4、1/8和1/16,然后对1/4和1/16特征进行更深层次的特征提取。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法,其特征在于,第一阶段视差估计,利用特征提取的1/16特征图进行错位拼接,得到完整匹配代价量;通过堆叠的三维卷积对代价量进行正则化处理,得到聚合后的匹配代价量,对该代价量进行回归得到粗估计视差图。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法,其特征在于,动态偏移量预测DOP根据粗估计视差图和左图信息预测动态候选视差偏移量,将其与粗估计视差图相加生成自适应候选视差。
- 根据权利要求4所述的一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法,其特征在于,DOP利用视差粗估计结果和左图信息预测动态偏移量,进而得到自适应候选视差,表示如下:其中, 表示像素点p的第n个视差偏移量 I 1p表示左图像素点p的值, 表示像素点p的第一阶段视差粗估计结果;使用一系列二维卷积实现DOP,具体过程为:首先将粗估计视差图和左图双线性插值到1/4分辨率,再沿通道方向级联,接着将该张量通过一个卷积得到C DOP维表示,然后该张量通过4个步长为1的残差块得到尺寸为(N-1)×H/4×W/4的偏移量,其中,N为偏移量总数,H和W为输入图像的高和宽;将该偏移量和零张量加到粗估计视差图上,便可得到自适应的候选视差dc p:
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法,其特征在于,第二阶段视差估计,利用自适应候选视差对1/4右特征图进行扭曲操作,即根据自适应候选视差对右特征图的每一像素进行不同程度的位移,然后与左特征图级联得到紧凑匹配代价量,对该代价量正则化处理后,进行视差回归得到1/4分辨率的精细视差估计。
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| CN112435282B (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-09-12 | 西安交通大学 | 一种基于自适应候选视差预测网络的实时双目立体匹配方法 |
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