WO2022083244A1 - 一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备及方法 - Google Patents

一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备及方法 Download PDF

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WO2022083244A1
WO2022083244A1 PCT/CN2021/112027 CN2021112027W WO2022083244A1 WO 2022083244 A1 WO2022083244 A1 WO 2022083244A1 CN 2021112027 W CN2021112027 W CN 2021112027W WO 2022083244 A1 WO2022083244 A1 WO 2022083244A1
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Prior art keywords
sowing
tillage
clean area
corn
stubble
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PCT/CN2021/112027
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
史嵩
位国建
周纪磊
刘虎
张荣芳
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山东省农业机械科学研究院
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Publication of WO2022083244A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022083244A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/04—Single-grain seeders with or without suction devices
    • A01C7/042—Single-grain seeders with or without suction devices using pneumatic means
    • A01C7/044—Pneumatic seed wheels
    • A01C7/046—Pneumatic seed wheels with perforated seeding discs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
    • A01C5/068—Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/18—Machines for depositing quantities of seed at intervals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D34/00—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters
    • A01D34/835—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes
    • A01D34/8355—Mowers; Mowing apparatus of harvesters specially adapted for particular purposes for cutting up or crushing remaining standing stalks, e.g. stubble

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the research field of agricultural seeding machinery, in particular to a pneumatic precision seeding equipment and method for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area.
  • Straw mulching can reduce soil erosion, store water and maintain moisture, and improve soil fertility. However, sowing under straw mulching conditions can easily affect seed emergence.
  • strip-shaped clean area Under the sowing conditions in the strip-shaped clean area, straw mulching can increase soil moisture and provide favorable conditions for the growth of microorganisms and soil animals, with high operating efficiency, saving labor costs and reducing fuel consumption.
  • Strip-shaped clean area under the condition of straw mulching, the stalks of the sowing belt are chopped and returned to the field by rotary tillage to form a clean area suitable for sowing conditions) sowing to form a loose seedling belt without straw mulching, which is conducive to sowing and improves the quality of sowing. Improve the emergence rate.
  • the field returning machine usually firstly treats all the stalks covered in the field, and the stalks between the corn rows are also treated, so that the soil moisture is not easily retained, and then A separate seeder for seeding treatment and multiple tillage of the field soil is not conducive to soil protection.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area, which can send the straw of the sowing row into the field, realize that the straw cleaning and sowing are carried out separately, and the strip can be realized.
  • Sowing in a clean area improves the quality of sowing.
  • keeping the straw covered between the rows is conducive to maintaining soil moisture, resisting drought and protecting moisture, and is conducive to the growth of corn.
  • the utility model relates to a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area.
  • the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine includes a frame, through which at least one tillage bin with an opening facing downward is arranged, and a set distance is set between two adjacent tillage bins, and each tillage bin is arranged at a set distance.
  • a stubble cutter for processing straw is set in the bin, and the ploughing bin and the air-suction seeder are set before and after.
  • the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine completes the cleaning of the straw and stubble in the sowing row to ensure the germination rate of corn.
  • the distance between the adjacent tillage bins is set so that the straw between the rows is retained, which is beneficial to the soil.
  • the air-suction planter is used for sowing in the strip-shaped clean area. Once tilling, there is no need to plough the field multiple times to protect the soil.
  • the tillage bin includes two tillage boards, the two tillage boards are arranged at a set distance, and the tops of the two tillage boards pass through the frame
  • the front side of the two tillage boards is provided with a cover plate, and the two ends of the cover plates are respectively connected with the tillage board, so that the tillage bin forms a semi-closed chamber, which is convenient for the treatment of straw in the tillage bin without affecting the straw outside the tillage bin.
  • the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine also includes a stubble cutter shaft, the stubble cutter is installed by the stubble cutter shaft, and the horizontally placed stubble cutter shaft passes through the stubble cutter shaft.
  • the tillage bin is connected to the side plates on both sides of the frame, and a subsoiling shovel installed through the frame is arranged behind the stubble cutter shaft.
  • the pressing roller, the central axis of the pressing roller is set lower than the central axis of the stubble cutter shaft, the subsoiling shovel is used for deep loosening the soil, and the pressing roller ensures the compaction of the soil after the seedling belt is cleaned.
  • the frame is provided with a portal frame protruding from the frame, and a traction connection hanger is provided on the top side of the portal frame for connection with the traction equipment.
  • Each group of stubble cutting knives includes left and right curved knives arranged opposite to each other, and the left and right curved knives are both 7-shaped. It is detachably connected to one side of the stubble cutter by means of bolts.
  • the pressing roller is provided with multiple rings of pressing parts in the circumferential direction, and a set distance is arranged between two adjacent rings of pressing parts, and each The pressing member includes a plurality of bosses welded to the pressing roller at a set distance.
  • the air-suction seeder in order to facilitate the connection between the air-suction seeder and the subsoil seedling belt returning machine, includes a device for returning the subsoil seedling belt to the field.
  • One end of the main beam is clamped into the end of the profiling mechanism of the air suction seeder, and the other end is connected with the frame of the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine.
  • the end of the profiling mechanism is provided with a card slot, and the card slot includes a first card slot and a second card slot arranged up and down, the first card slot. It is arranged opposite to the second card slot, and is engaged with one side end of the main beam through the first card slot and the second card slot.
  • the air suction seeder also includes a fan installed through the main beam, and a fertilizer box is installed on both sides of the fan, and the upper part of the profiling mechanism
  • a seed box the lower part of the seed box is connected to the seed metering device, the fan is connected to the seed metering device through a hose, and a V-shaped pressing wheel is arranged at the tail of the copying mechanism.
  • the ground wheels are distributed on both sides of the main beam, and the ground wheels on both sides are connected respectively. Fertilizer and seed meter.
  • the present invention also provides a method of using pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area, including the following contents:
  • the deep loosening seedling belt returning machine completes the cleaning of the straw and stubble of the seed belt
  • the seeder realizes sowing in a strip-shaped clean area, so that the straw is returned to the field for processing in the front, and sowing is carried out in the rear.
  • seedling belt finishing + subsoiling fertilization compound operation technology is used to complete the cleaning of the straw and stubble in the seed belt, and sowing in the belt-shaped clean area is realized; Soil compaction and ground straw mulching outside the seedling belt prevent water evaporation, and effectively maintain moisture while efficiently preparing seedbeds.
  • the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine completes the cleaning of the straw and stubble in the sowing row, so as to ensure the germination rate of corn. Retention is beneficial to the retention of soil moisture.
  • the overall device can achieve high-speed, high-quality seeding, improve operation efficiency, save labor costs, and reduce fuel consumption.
  • the equipment can achieve corn belt-shaped clean area sowing, which is one of the conservation tillage techniques. In this way, it is beneficial to the later growth of corn, and at the same time, it is beneficial to protect the soil and optimize the ecological environment.
  • the crushing roller is set on the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine to realize the crushing before sowing, which can increase the soil density and form a neat seedbed, which is beneficial to the subsequent seeding of corn, and improves the seeding rate.
  • the setting of the crushing wheel in the air-suction planter to achieve secondary suppression after sowing, the soil is compacted, and the moisture content is protected, which is conducive to the normal growth of subsequent corn.
  • a closed chamber is formed, which can increase the contact between the straw and the side plate and the cover plate, make it easier to make the straw finely shredded, and can
  • the straw in the seedling belt is crushed and returned to the field to form a clean area suitable for sowing without disturbing the straw in the adjacent non-sowing area.
  • the soil compaction after the clearing of the seedling belt and the ground outside the seedling belt are completed. Straw mulching prevents water evaporation, and effectively preserves moisture while efficiently preparing seedbeds.
  • the arrangement of the 7-shaped machete can facilitate the cutting process of the stubble during the rotation of the stubble cutter shaft, and the setting of the left machete and the right machete arranged in pairs makes it easier to chop.
  • the straw, and the coverage area is large, the ideal effect is achieved with less knives, and the treatment effect of the stubble knife on the straw is guaranteed.
  • the present invention also provides a method of using pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area.
  • the technology of "isotopic profiling + air suction precision seeding" is adopted to complete precise control of sowing depth and precise single-grain sowing, and to achieve plant spacing. , Consistent sowing depth, Miao Qi, Miao Zhuang.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for seeding a corn strip in a clean area according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a subsoiling seedling belt returning machine of a kind of pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn belt-shaped clean area according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an air-suction planter with pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a left scimitar of a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a right scimitar of a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for corn strip-shaped clean area sowing according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a side drive gear of a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for corn belt-shaped clean area sowing according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • Subsoil seedling belt returning machine 101. Traction connection hanger, 102. Frame, 103. Tillage bin, 104. Side transmission box, 105. Press roller, 1051. Boss, 106. Side plate, 107. Stubble cutter shaft, 108. Stubble cutter, 1081. Left scimitar, 1082. Right scimitar, 109. Deep loosening shovel, 110. Cover plate, 111. Gear I, 112. Gear II, 113. Gear III, 2 . Air suction seeder, 201. Fan, 202. Copying mechanism, 203. Seed box, 204. Seed metering device, 205. Ditch opener, 206. Pressing wheel, 207. Fertilizer box, 208. Main beam, 209. Ground wheel, 210. Hydraulic motor, 3. U-bolt.
  • Terminology explanation part the terms "installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; It can be a mechanical connection, it can also be an electrical connection, it can be a direct connection, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements, for those of ordinary skill in the art. , the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • the present invention proposes a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn strip clean area. and methods.
  • a pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area includes a subsoiling seedling belt returning machine and an air suction seeder, and a subsoiling seedling belt returning machine It is connected with the air-suction planter, and the two are arranged in front of each other. There are multiple air-suction seeders, and the adjacent air-suction seeders are set at a set distance. Complete the cleaning of the stalks and stubble of the planting belt, and use the air suction seeder to sow multiple rows of corn in the strip-shaped clean area. Once tilling, there is no need to plough the field many times to protect the soil.
  • the subsoiling seedling belt returning machine includes a traction connection hanger 101, a frame 102, a tilling bin 103, a side transmission box 104 and a pressing roller 105, etc., and side plates 106 are welded on both sides of the frame.
  • a number of tillage bins 103 are evenly distributed between the side plates 106
  • the horizontally placed stubble cutter shaft 107 is connected to the side plates on both sides of the frame through the tillage bin
  • a number of stubble cutters 108 are arranged in the overlapping part of the stubble cutter shaft and the tillage bin.
  • the top of the subsolution shovel is located on the back side of the stubble cutter shaft, and the lowest part of the subsolution shovel exceeds the front side of the stubble cutter shaft.
  • the side transmission box 104 is installed on the side plate 106, which is respectively connected to the output shaft of the gearbox and the stubble cutter shaft.
  • the central axis of the repression roller is slightly lower than the central axis of the stubble cutter shaft. Setting, through the setting of the pressure roller, the pressure before sowing can be realized, which can increase the soil density, form a neat seedbed, and achieve effective moisture conservation.
  • the traction connection hanger 101 is used for connection with traction equipment such as a tractor.
  • the traction connection hanger 101 includes a portal frame connected to the frame 102, the portal frame is erected above the frame, and the top side of the portal frame is upward
  • Two lifting lugs are protrudingly arranged (with multiple bolt holes), and the two lifting lugs are connected with the tractor by bolts.
  • the tillage bin is a semi-enclosed chamber covered by a cover plate 110.
  • the tillage bin includes two tillage boards, and the two tillage boards are arranged at a set distance, and the tops of the two tillage boards are supported by the frame.
  • a cover plate is provided.
  • the cover plate 110 is arranged above the front side of the tillage board. When the tillage bin is working, it contacts with the ground to form a closed chamber. The contact between the plate and the cover plate makes it easier to make the straw finely broken.
  • the space between two adjacent tillage bins can be free to ensure the state of straw between the two adjacent tillage bins, so that the space between the adjacent tillage bins is an idle area.
  • the inner stubble cutter axis is the optical axis.
  • the air-suction seeder is aligned with each ploughing bin before and after, and the number is the same, that is, a set of air-suction seeding mechanism is set behind each ploughing bin, so as to realize the The pine seedling belt returning machine returns the straw to the field on the front side, and the air suction seeder performs sowing and fertilization on the back side.
  • the stubble cutter shaft in each tillage bin is provided with a handle for connecting with the stubble cutter, and one side of the handle and the stubble cutter are detachably connected by bolts.
  • the stubble cutter is used to decompose the straw.
  • the stubble cutter includes a 7-shaped left machete and a right machete. Multiple sets of stubble cutters are arranged along the circumferential direction of the stubble cutter shaft in the plowing bin. In some examples, there can be 3 sets of stubble cutters.
  • the left scimitar 1081 and the right scimitar 1082 are symmetrically arranged in the same tillage bin, and the left and right scimitars in each pair of stubble cutting knives are set opposite to each other and there is a set distance between them;
  • the stubble cutter With the rotation of the stubble cutter shaft, the stubble cutter also rotates at the same time.
  • the longer sides of the left and right scimitars are fixed to the stubble cutter shaft.
  • the left and right scimitars move from a height to In the lower part, the straw is cut and decomposed, and the decomposed straw is sent into the field as the deep loosening shovel goes deep into the field.
  • the side transmission case 104 is sealed with the side plate 106, and a cavity is formed between the side transmission case and the side plate, and a group of transmission gears are arranged in the cavity.
  • the transmission gears include gears I111 and II112. And gear III113, gear I and gear II rotate in opposite directions, gear I and gear III rotate in the same direction, gear I is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox, the gearbox is connected to the motor or hydraulic motor 210 or other power devices, and gear III is fixed to the stubble
  • the cutter shaft drives the rotation of the stubble cutter shaft through the transmission gear.
  • the width of the pressing roller is equal to the width of the subsoil seedling belt returning machine
  • the pressing roller is a cylindrical heavy roller
  • the pressing roller is provided with multiple rings of pressing parts in the circumferential direction, and between two adjacent rings of pressing parts There are set distances at intervals.
  • Each pressing piece includes a plurality of bosses welded to the pressing rollers at set distances. The bosses are serrated. The bosses of the adjacent two circles of pressing parts can be dislocated. After the straw is crushed, part of it will float on the surface of the soil. In order to increase the bosses, the straws are pressed into the soil during the pressing to form a clean seedbed with a flat surface to achieve moisture retention.
  • the air-suction planter 2 includes a main beam 208, a fan 201, a profiling mechanism 202, a seed box 203, a seed meter 204, a trench opener 205 and a pressing wheel 206.
  • fertilizer boxes 207 are installed on both sides of the fan, the profiling mechanism is fixed on the main beam, the upper part of the profiling mechanism is provided with a seed box, the lower part of the seed box is connected with a seed metering device, and the rear of the profiling mechanism is provided with a V-shaped pressing wheel.
  • the ground wheels 209 are distributed on the left and right sides of the main beam 208, and the ground wheels on both sides are respectively connected to the fertilizer discharger and the seed metering device.
  • the setting of the pressing roller realizes the secondary pressing after sowing, the soil is compacted, and the moisture content is protected, which is beneficial to the follow-up. normal growth of corn.
  • the lowest part of the subsoiler should be set lower than the lowest part of the ground wheel (Fig.
  • the central axis of the wheel is set lower than the central axis of the ground wheel, and the central axis of the ground wheel is set lower than the central axis of the pressing roller.
  • the profiling mechanism is a parallelogram structure, and its principle is to ensure that the seeding unit floats vertically with the ground in the case of bumpy walking in the field, so as to ensure that the seeds are sown in the soil with the same depth.
  • the profiling mechanism is the existing technology, no further details.
  • one end of the main beam is clipped into the end of the profiling mechanism, and the end of the profiling mechanism is provided with a card slot, so that the end of the main beam is clipped into the card slot of the profiling mechanism, and the card slot includes the first card set up and down.
  • the slot and the second slot, the first slot and the second slot are arranged opposite to each other, which is convenient for the main beam to be inserted; the other end of the main beam is connected with the frame of the subsoil seedling belt returning machine, specifically through U-bolt connection,
  • the end of the main beam is also provided with U-bolts 3 like the profiling mechanism.
  • a plurality of U-bolts can be set up and down, and the U-bolts are fixed through the profiling mechanism, and the end of the main beam is provided with an end plate.
  • the end plate is fitted with the frame and fixedly connected by U-bolts.
  • the fan is used to realize sowing, the fan is connected with the seed meter, and the fan is provided with a hydraulic drive member, and the hydraulic drive member is powered by the hydraulic output of the tractor.
  • the fan rotates to generate negative pressure, which is connected to the seed metering device through a hose.
  • the seed metering device is provided with a shaped hole. Under the action of the negative pressure, the seeds are adsorbed on the shaped hole, and the seeds are dropped and sown as they rotate to the no-pressure area. Seed and fertilizer need to be driven by the shaft to rotate the fertilizer wheel and the seed plate. This power comes from the ground wheel. By calculating the transmission ratio, the amount of seed and fertilizer can be discharged on demand.
  • the fertilizer pipe of the fertilizer device is connected to the deep. At the loose shovel, fertilize while deeply loosening the soil.
  • a method for using pneumatic precision seeding equipment for sowing corn in a strip-shaped clean area comprising the following contents:
  • the deep loosening seedling belt returning machine completes the cleaning of the straw and stubble of the seed belt
  • the seeder realizes sowing in a strip-shaped clean area, so that the straw is returned to the field in the front row without affecting the straw between the rows, and the rear row is planted in the sowing row, which reduces the multiple tillage of the field, reduces the number of tillage, and is conducive to protection soil;
  • the “seedling belt finishing + subsoiling fertilization” compound operation technology is adopted to complete the cleaning of the straw and stubble in the seed belt, so as to realize the sowing in the belt-shaped clean area;
  • the “independent semi-closed plowing bin + heavy roller pressing” method is adopted to complete the clearing of the seedling belt. Soil compaction and ground straw mulching outside the seedling belt can prevent water evaporation, and achieve effective moisture preservation while efficiently preparing seedbeds;
  • the "isotopic profiling + air suction precision seeding” technology is adopted to achieve precise control of sowing depth and precise single-grain seeding. , to achieve consistent plant spacing and sowing depth, and the seedlings are neat and strong.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备及方法，玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备包括深松苗带还田机（1）和气吸播种机（2），深松苗带还田机（1）和气吸播种机（2）连接，气吸播种机（2）设于深松苗带还田机（1）的后侧，深松苗带还田机（1）可与牵引设备连接；气吸播种机（2）包括用于同深松苗带还田机（1）连接的主梁（208），主梁（208）一端卡入气吸播种机（2）的仿形机构（202）的端部，另一端与深松苗带还田机（1）的机架（102）连接。

Description

一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农业播种机械研究领域，尤其是一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本发明相关的背景技术信息，不必然构成在先技术。
传统全幅秸秆还田耕作，常引起地表土壤风蚀和土壤失墒，不利于玉米生长，通过秸秆覆盖，可以减少水土流失、蓄水保墒、培肥地力。然而，秸秆覆盖条件下播种又容易影响种子出苗。
带状洁区播种条件下，秸秆覆盖既可以增加土壤水分，为微生物和土壤动物生长提供有利条件，作业效率高，节省劳动力成本，降低燃油消耗。带状洁区(秸秆覆盖条件下通过旋耕方式将播种带秸秆切碎还田，形成适宜播种条件的清洁区域)播种形成一个无秸秆覆盖的疏松的苗带，有利于播种，提高播种质量，提高出苗率。
发明人发现，现有技术进行带状洁区播种，通常都是先由还田机对田间覆盖的秸秆进行全部的处理，玉米行间的秸秆也被处理，土壤水分不易被保留，然后再由单独的播种机进行播种处理，对田间土壤进行多次耕作，不利于保护土壤。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，将播种行的秸秆送入田间，实现秸秆清理与播种分开进行，可实现带状洁区播种，提高了播种质量，在玉米生长期间，行间保持秸秆覆盖，有利于保持土壤水分，抗旱保墒，有利于玉米生长。
为了实现上述目的，本发明是通过如下的技术方案来实现：
一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，包括深松苗带还田机和至少一个气吸播种机，深松苗带还田机和气吸播种机连接，气吸播种机设于深松苗带还田机的后侧，深松苗带还田机包括机架，通过机架设置至少一个开口朝下的耕仓，相邻两耕仓之间间隔有设定的距离设置，且每一耕仓中设置用于处理秸秆的灭茬刀，耕仓与气吸播种机前后设置。
上述的装备，由深松苗带还田机完成播种行秸秆和残茬的清理，保证玉米的出芽率，同时，相邻耕仓之间间隔设定距离使得行间的秸秆被保留，有利于土壤水分的保留，由气吸播种机进行带状洁区播种，一次耕作，无需多次对田间进行耕作，保护土壤。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，所述耕仓包括两耕种板，两耕种板间隔设定距离设置，且两耕种板的顶端均通过所述的机架支撑，两耕种板的前侧设置盖板，盖板的两端分别与耕种板连接，使得耕仓形成半封闭腔室，便于耕仓内秸秆的处理，不会影响到耕仓外秸秆。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，深松苗带还田机还包括灭茬刀轴，所述的灭茬刀通过灭茬刀轴安装，横置的灭茬刀轴穿过所述耕仓与机架两侧的侧板连接，在灭茬刀轴的后方设置通过机架安 装的深松铲，深松铲的前端超过灭茬刀设置，通过机架在深松铲的后方设置镇压辊，镇压辊的中心轴线低于灭茬刀轴的中心轴线设置，深松铲用于深松土壤，镇压辊保证了对苗带清理后的土壤压实。
所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，所述机架设置突出于机架的门型架，门型架顶侧设置牵引连接悬挂架用于同牵引设备的连接。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，在每一所述耕仓内沿着所述灭茬刀轴的环向，设置多组所述的灭茬刀；
每一组灭茬刀均包括相向设置的左弯刀和右弯刀，左弯刀和右弯刀均为7字型，所述灭茬刀轴设置刀柄用于同所述灭茬刀连接，刀柄与灭茬刀的一侧通过螺栓可拆卸连接。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，所述镇压辊环向设有多圈镇压件，相邻两圈镇压件之间间隔有设定的距离设置，每一镇压件包括多个间隔设定距离焊接于镇压辊的凸台。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，为了方便气吸播种机与深松苗带还田机的连接，气吸播种机包括用于同所述深松苗带还田机连接的主梁，主梁一端卡入气吸播种机仿形机构的端部，另一端与深松苗带还田机的机架连接。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，所述仿形机构端部设置卡槽，卡槽包括上下设置的第一卡槽和第二卡槽，第一卡槽和第二卡槽相向设置，通过第一卡槽和第二卡槽卡合主梁的一侧端部。
如上所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，所述气吸播 种机还包括通过所述主梁安装的风机，风机两侧安装有肥箱，所述仿形机构上部设有种箱，种箱下部连接排种器，风机通过软管与排种器连接，仿形机构尾部设有V型镇压轮，地轮分布在主梁两侧，两侧的地轮分别连接排肥器和排种器。
第二方面，本发明还提供了一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备的使用方法，包括如下内容：
将深松苗带还田机与牵引设备固定，牵引设备带动深松苗带还田机和气吸播种机移动；
深松苗带还田机完成种带秸秆和残茬的清理；
播种机实现带状洁区播种，这样前方进行处理秸秆还田，后方进行播种。
采用“苗带整理+深松施肥”复式作业技术，完成种带秸秆和残茬的清理，实现带状洁区播种；采用“独立封闭耕仓+重辊镇压”的方式完成苗带清理后的土壤压实及苗带外的地面秸秆覆盖，防止水分蒸发，在高效制备苗床的同时，实现有效保墒。
上述本发明的有益效果如下：
1)本发明通过装备的结构设置，深松苗带还田机完成播种行秸秆和残茬的清理，保证玉米的出芽率，同时，相邻耕仓之间间隔设定距离使得行间的秸秆被保留，有利于土壤水分的保留，整体装置实现高速、高质量播种，提高作业效率高，节省劳动力成本，降低燃油消耗，装备可实现玉米带状洁区播种，是保护性耕作少耕技术的一种方式，有利于后期玉米生长，同时有利于保护土壤，优化生态环境。
2)本发明通过深松苗带还田机设置镇压辊，实现播前镇压，可增加土壤密实度，形成整齐苗床，有利于后续玉米的播种，提高播种率，气吸播种机中镇压轮的设置，实现播种后二次镇压，土壤被压实，墒情得到保护，利于后续玉米的正常生长。
3)本发明通过多个独立的半封闭耕仓的设置，每一耕仓与地面接触时，构成封闭腔室，可增加秸秆与侧板和盖板的接触，更容易使得秸秆细碎，能将播种苗带内的秸秆粉碎还田处理，形成适宜播种的洁区，又不干扰相邻的非播种区域秸秆，配合镇压辊的设置，完成苗带清理后的土壤压实及苗带外的地面秸秆覆盖，防止水分蒸发，在高效制备苗床的同时，实现有效保墒。
4)本发明通过7字型弯刀的设置，可便于灭茬刀在随着灭茬刀轴转动过程中对秸秆进行切割处理，成对设置的左弯刀和右弯刀的设置，更容易切碎秸秆，且覆盖面积较大，用较少的刀实现理想的效果，保证灭茬刀对秸秆的处理效果。
5)本发明还提供了一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备的使用方法，采用“同位仿形+气吸精播”技术，完成播深精确调控和单粒精准播种，实现株距、播深一致，苗齐、苗壮。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式 精量播种装备的示意图。
图2是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备深松苗带还田机结构示意图。
图3是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备气吸播种机结构示意图。
图4是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备左弯刀结构示意图。
图5是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备右弯刀结构示意图。
图6是本发明根据一个或多个实施方式的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备侧边传动齿轮结构示意图。
图中：为显示各部位位置而夸大了互相间间距或尺寸，示意图仅作示意。
其中：1.深松苗带还田机，101.牵引连接悬挂架，102.机架，103.耕仓，104.侧边传动箱，105.镇压辊，1051.凸台，106.侧板，107.灭茬刀轴，108.灭茬刀，1081.左弯刀，1082.右弯刀，109.深松铲，110.盖板，111.齿轮I，112.齿轮II，113.齿轮III，2.气吸播种机，201.风机，202.仿形机构，203.种箱，204.排种器，205.开沟器，206.镇压轮，207.肥箱，208.主梁，209.地轮，210.液压马达，3.U型螺栓。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非本发明另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
为了方便叙述，本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用，仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语解释部分：本发明中的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或为一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接，可以是直接连接，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部连接，或者两个元件的相互作用关系，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在无法通过机械对玉米带状洁区进行播种问题，为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备及方法。
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，参考图1所示，一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，包括深松苗带还田机和气吸播种机，深松苗带还田机和气吸播种机连接，二者前后设置，气吸播种机设有多个，相邻的 气吸播种机间隔设定距离设置，气吸播种机与播种行对应，这样由深松苗带还田机完成种带秸秆和残茬的清理，由气吸播种机进行带状洁区多行玉米的播种，一次耕作，无需多次对田间进行耕作，保护土壤。
参考图2所示，深松苗带还田机包括牵引连接悬挂架101、机架102、耕仓103、侧边传动箱104及镇压辊105等组成，机架两侧焊接有侧板106，两侧板106之间均布有若干个耕仓103，横置的灭茬刀轴107穿过耕仓与机架两侧的侧板连接，在灭茬刀轴与耕仓重合部分设有若干灭茬刀108，在灭茬刀轴的一侧设有安装在机架上的深松铲109，深松铲的顶端位于灭茬刀轴的后侧，深松铲的最低处超过灭茬刀轴的前侧设置用于深松田间，侧边传动箱104安装在侧板106上，分别连接变速箱输出轴与灭茬刀轴，镇压辊至于深松苗带还田机尾部，镇压辊中心轴线略低于灭茬刀轴中心轴线设置，通过镇压辊的设置，实现播前镇压，可增加土壤密实度，形成整齐苗床，实现有效保墒。
容易理解，牵引连接悬挂架101用于同牵引设备如拖拉机的连接，牵引连接悬挂架101包括与机架102连接的门型架，门型架设于机架的上方，门型架的顶侧向上突出设置两片吊耳(设置多个螺栓孔)，两吊耳与拖拉机通过螺栓连接。
耕仓为盖板110覆盖的半封闭腔室，耕仓包括两耕种板，两耕种板间隔设定距离设置，且两耕种板的顶端均通过所述的机架支撑，两耕种板的前侧设置盖板，盖板110设于耕种板的前侧上方，耕仓在工作时，与地面接触构成封闭腔室，通过盖板的设置可有利于秸秆入田，半封闭腔室可增加秸秆与侧板和盖板的接触，更容易使得秸秆细碎，另外，相邻两个耕仓 之间可空闲保证相邻两耕仓之间秸秆的状态，这样相邻耕仓之间为空闲区，该区内灭茬刀轴为光轴。
另外，为了配合深松苗带还田机的动作，气吸播种机与每一耕仓前后对齐，且数量一致，即在每一耕仓的后方均设置一套气吸播种机构，这样实现在深松苗带还田机在前侧将秸秆还田，由气吸播种机在后侧进行播种和施肥。
每一耕仓内灭茬刀轴设置刀柄用于同灭茬刀连接，刀柄与灭茬刀的一侧通过螺栓可拆卸连接，参考图4和图5所示，灭茬刀用于对秸秆进行分解，灭茬刀包括7字型左弯刀和右弯刀，在耕仓内沿着灭茬刀轴的环向，设置多组灭茬刀，一些示例中，可为3组，每一组灭茬刀之间间隔120°，左弯刀1081和右弯刀1082在同一耕仓内对称布置，且每一对灭茬刀中左弯刀和右弯刀均相向设置且二者之间间隔有设定的距离；随着灭茬刀轴的转动，灭茬刀同样一同转动，左弯刀和右弯刀较长一侧与灭茬刀轴固定，在灭茬刀轴转动过程中，左弯刀和右弯刀从高处运动至低处，对秸秆进行切割分解，随着深松铲深入田内，分解的秸秆送入田间。
侧边传动箱104与侧板106密封安装，在侧边传动箱与侧板之间形成空腔，该空腔内设置一组传动齿轮，参考图6所示，传动齿轮包括齿轮I111、齿轮II112和齿轮III113，齿轮I和齿轮II转动方向相反，齿轮I和齿轮III转动方向相同，齿轮I与变速箱输出轴连接，变速箱与电机或液压马达210或其他动力装置连接，齿轮III固定于灭茬刀轴，通过传动齿轮带动灭茬刀轴的转动。
进一步，本发明实施例中，镇压辊幅宽与深松苗带还田机幅宽相等， 镇压辊为圆柱形重型辊，镇压辊环向设有多圈镇压件，相邻两圈镇压件之间间隔有设定的距离设置，每一镇压件包括多个间隔设定距离焊接于镇压辊的凸台，凸台为锯齿状，镇压辊的设置保证了对苗带清理后的土壤压实，相邻两圈镇压件的凸台可错位设置，在秸秆粉碎后会有部分浮于土壤表面，增加凸台为了镇压时将秸秆压入土壤，形成整洁苗床，表面平整，实现保墒。
参考图3所示，气吸播种机2包括主梁208、风机201、仿形机构202、种箱203、排种器204、开沟器205及镇压轮206，风机安装在气吸播种机主梁前端上，风机两侧安装有肥箱207，仿形机构固定在主梁上，仿形机构上部设有种箱，种箱下部连接排种器，仿形机构尾部设有V型镇压轮，地轮209分布在主梁208左右两侧，两侧的地轮分别连接排肥器和排种器，镇压辊的设置，实现播种后二次镇压，土壤被压实，墒情得到保护，利于后续玉米的正常生长。
而且，为了保证气吸播种机的工作，在与拖拉机连接后，深松铲的最低处低于地轮的最低处设置(图1所示为还田机未与拖拉机连接时候的示意图)，镇压轮中心轴线低于地轮的中心轴线设置，且地轮的中心轴线低于镇压辊的中心轴线设置。
其中，仿形机构就是一个平行四边形结构，其原理就是在田间行走颠簸的情况下，能保证播种单体是随地面垂直上下浮动，这样可保证种子入土后播深一致，仿形机构为现有技术，不再赘述。
需要说明的是，主梁一端卡入仿形机构的端部，仿形机构的端部设置卡槽，使得主梁端部卡入仿形机构卡槽中，卡槽包括上下设置的第一卡槽 和第二卡槽，第一卡槽和第二卡槽相向设置，便于将主梁卡入；主梁的另一端与深松苗带还田机的机架连接，具体通过U型螺栓连接，另外，主梁的端部与仿形机构同样设置U型螺栓3，此处U型螺栓可上下设置多个，且U型螺栓穿过仿形机构进行固定，主梁的端部设置端板，端板与机架贴合，并通过U型螺栓进行固定连接。
进一步，风机用于实现播种，风机与排种器连接，且风机设置液压驱动件，该液压驱动件由拖拉机液压输出提供动力。风机旋转产生负压，通过软管连接排种器，排种器设有型孔，在负压作用下，种子被吸附在型孔上，随着转动至无压力区种子掉落播种。排种和排肥都需要轴带动排肥轮和排种盘转动，这个动力来自地轮，通过计算传动比，实现播种量和排肥量按需排出，排肥器的排肥管连接至深松铲处，在深松土壤的同时，进行施肥。
此外，需要说明的是，本实施例中提到的深松铲、排种器、施肥箱都是现有结构件，不再赘述。
一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备的使用方法，包括如下内容：
将深松苗带还田机与拖拉机固定，拖拉机带动深松苗带还田机和气吸播种机移动；
深松苗带还田机完成种带秸秆和残茬的清理；
播种机实现带状洁区播种，这样前方进行播种行秸秆还田，且不会影响到行间秸秆，后方在播种行进行播种，减少了对田地的多次耕作，减少耕种次数，有利于保护土壤；
采用“苗带整理+深松施肥”复式作业技术，完成种带秸秆和残茬的清理，实现带状洁区播种；采用“独立半封闭耕仓+重辊镇压”的方式完成苗带清理后的土壤压实及苗带外的地面秸秆覆盖，防止水分蒸发，在高效制备苗床的同时，实现有效保墒；采用“同位仿形+气吸精播”技术，完成播深精确调控和单粒精准播种，实现株距、播深一致，苗齐、苗壮。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，包括深松苗带还田机和至少一个气吸播种机，深松苗带还田机和气吸播种机连接，气吸播种机设于深松苗带还田机的后侧，深松苗带还田机包括机架，通过机架设置至少一个开口朝下的耕仓，相邻两耕仓之间间隔有设定的距离设置，且每一耕仓中设置用于处理秸秆的灭茬刀，耕仓与气吸播种机前后设置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，所述耕仓包括两耕种板，两耕种板间隔设定距离设置，且两耕种板的顶端均通过所述的机架支撑，两耕种板的前侧设置盖板，盖板的两端分别与耕种板连接，使得耕仓形成半封闭腔室。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，所述深松苗带还田机还包括灭茬刀轴，所述的灭茬刀通过灭茬刀轴安装，横置的灭茬刀轴穿过所述耕仓与机架两侧的侧板连接，在灭茬刀轴的后方设置通过机架安装的深松铲，深松铲的前端超过灭茬刀设置，通过机架在深松铲的后方设置镇压辊，镇压辊的中心轴线低于灭茬刀轴的中心轴线设置。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，所述机架设置突出于机架的门型架，门型架顶侧设置牵引连接悬挂架用于同牵引设备的连接。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，在每一所述耕仓内沿着所述灭茬刀轴的环向，设置多组所述的灭茬刀；
    每一组灭茬刀均包括相向设置的左弯刀和右弯刀，左弯刀和右弯刀均为7字型，所述灭茬刀轴设置刀柄用于同所述灭茬刀连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，所述镇压辊环向设有多圈镇压件，相邻两圈镇压件之间间隔有设定的距离设置，每一镇压件包括多个间隔设定距离焊接于镇压辊的凸台。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，气吸播种机包括用于同所述深松苗带还田机连接的主梁，主梁一端卡入气吸播种机仿形机构的端部，另一端与深松苗带还田机的机架连接。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，所述仿形机构端部设置卡槽，卡槽包括上下设置的第一卡槽和第二卡槽，第一卡槽和第二卡槽相向设置。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备，其特征在于，所述气吸播种机还包括通过所述主梁安装的风机，风机两侧安装有肥箱，所述仿形机构上部设有种箱，种箱下部连接排种器，风机通过软管与排种器连接，仿形机构尾部设有V型镇压轮，地轮分布在主梁两侧，两侧的地轮分别连接排肥器和排种器。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9中任一项所述的一种玉米带状洁区播种气力式精量播种装备的使用方法，其特征在于，包括如下内容：
    采用“苗带整理+深松施肥”复式作业技术，完成种带秸秆和残茬的清理，实现带状洁区播种；采用“独立封闭耕仓+重辊镇压”的方式完成苗带 清理后的土壤压实及苗带外的地面秸秆覆盖，防止水分蒸发，在高效制备苗床的同时，实现有效保墒；采用“同位仿形+气吸精播”技术，完成播深精确调控和单粒精准播种，实现株距、播深一致，苗齐、苗壮。
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