WO2022082982A1 - 一种具有排水功能的不锈钢u形肋对接焊焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种具有排水功能的不锈钢u形肋对接焊焊接方法 Download PDF

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WO2022082982A1
WO2022082982A1 PCT/CN2020/137846 CN2020137846W WO2022082982A1 WO 2022082982 A1 WO2022082982 A1 WO 2022082982A1 CN 2020137846 W CN2020137846 W CN 2020137846W WO 2022082982 A1 WO2022082982 A1 WO 2022082982A1
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stainless steel
welding
shaped rib
butt
weld
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PCT/CN2020/137846
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘振刚
刘万里
王杰
于洋
常国光
李久成
尤元霞
马春江
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中铁山桥集团有限公司
中铁高新工业股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022082982A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022082982A1/zh
Priority to ZA2022/10859A priority Critical patent/ZA202210859B/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
    • B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/025—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for rectilinear seams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of U-shaped rib butt welding, in particular to a stainless steel U-shaped rib butt welding method with drainage function.
  • the orthotropic steel bridge deck is one of the important components of the steel structure bridge, which usually consists of the bridge deck and its bottom U-shaped rib.
  • the top of the deck is a concrete deck, and the bottom U-shaped rib acts to increase stiffness and fatigue resistance.
  • the material of some U-shaped ribs is replaced from carbon steel to stainless steel.
  • a layer of stainless steel thin plate is arranged on the bottom surface of the carbon steel bridge deck, which forms a corrosion-resistant drainage space with the stainless steel U-shaped rib, so as to realize the drainage function, refer to Figure 1-3.
  • the steel structure bridge adopts a segmented manufacturing process.
  • Each bridge deck is about 16 meters or 18 meters long.
  • the bridge decks are welded and connected, and the U-shaped ribs are welded or bolted.
  • the U-shaped rib between the two bridge deck blocks can only be connected by welding.
  • the existing U-shaped rib butt welding generally adopts the method of sticking steel linings on the inside, but for bridge decks with drainage needs, the steel lining will not only affect the smoothness of the water flow, but also the gap between the steel lining and the U-shaped rib. It is easy to accumulate debris or water at the place, which affects the corrosion resistance of the overall structure.
  • the stainless steel used for the drainage function is usually the ferritic-austenitic duplex stainless steel in the European standard EN 10088-1:2005, type X2CrNiMoN22-5-3, grade 1.4462.
  • This stainless steel combines the advantages of both austenitic stainless steel and ferritic steel, with low tendency to hot cracking and embrittlement.
  • the content of ferrite and austenite is usually 50% each.
  • the content of ferrite in the weld and heat affected zone should be between 30-70%. Therefore, it is necessary to find a welding process suitable for this duplex stainless steel to ensure various properties of the weld metal.
  • Austenitic-ferritic duplex stainless steel is rarely used in bridge structures, and its welding process needs to be studied. Some studies have proposed the use of tungsten argon arc welding to weld stainless steel U-rib butt welds, but there are the following technical difficulties:
  • the back of the weld needs to be filled with inert gas for protection to prevent the oxidation of the weld metal.
  • inert gas for protection to prevent the oxidation of the weld metal.
  • the solution of plugging the two ends of the U-shaped rib of more than 30 meters or even longer, and then inflating the inside not only takes time, labor, and resources, but also cannot ensure that the gas in the weld area meets the requirements. purity, so this scheme is not advisable.
  • a local weld protection device is made to extend from the end of the beam segment into the stainless steel U-shaped rib to protect a small area of the back of the weld from local follow-up, the drainage structure arranged in the stainless steel U-shaped rib space will hinder the travel of the protection device. , so that it cannot reach the to-be-welded area of the stainless steel U-rib butt weld.
  • the welding difficulty of the butt weld is greatly increased, because the metal fluidity of stainless steel is different from that of ordinary carbon steel, especially the welding of austenitic-ferritic double
  • the molten molten iron has poor fluidity, and it is difficult to control the molten pool when welding in the vertical and vertical positions. Molding quality.
  • the pre-weld assembly gap of the stainless steel U-shaped rib butt weld is completely within the required tolerance. Welding, the quality of the assembly gap before welding will directly affect the quality of the butt weld.
  • the present invention provides a stainless steel U-shaped rib butt welding method with drainage function.
  • a stainless steel U-shaped rib butt welding method with drainage function a certain length of stainless steel thin plate insert section is arranged between bridge decks of adjacent beam sections, and a certain length of stainless steel U-shaped rib is arranged between the stainless steel U-shaped ribs.
  • Supplementary section; the side of the stainless steel U-shaped rib close to the butt weld is pasted with water-soluble paper through hydrosol, the butt weld is sealed with tape paper, and the vent hole is set on the uppermost tape paper.
  • the stainless steel U-shaped rib, bridge deck, butt welding The water-soluble paper on both sides of the seam and the stainless steel U-shaped rib inlaid section together form a partially closed space; the side of the stainless steel U-shaped rib inlaid section is provided with an inflatable hole for filling protective gas.
  • the inflatable hole is a funnel-shaped hole large outside and small inside, with an inner diameter of 8-10 mm and an outer diameter of 18-20 mm.
  • the distance between the bonding position of the water-soluble paper and the butt weld is greater than 150 mm.
  • the welding method includes the following steps:
  • the welding adopts the use of oxygen gas shielded welding, overhead welding, the welding material is E309LT1-1 flux-cored wire, the diameter is 1.2mm, the welding current is 160-180A, and the welding voltage is 26-28V. Gas flow 15-20L/min.
  • An inflatable hole for filling the protective gas is set on the side of the stainless steel U-shaped rib insert section;
  • the first pass welding process is, current 80-100A, voltage 13-14V, speed 3-6cm/min
  • the second pass welding process is, current 90-120A, voltage 13.5 -15V, speed 5-9cm/min
  • air flow rate is 8-15L/min
  • welding material for 2 backing passes are ER2209 solid wire, wire diameter 2.4mm; filling bead welding and cover bead welding material It is E2209T1-1 flux cored wire, diameter 1.2mm
  • welding process is, current 120-160A, welding voltage 22-26V, welding speed 8-25cm/min, gas flow 15-20L/min.
  • step 1 24 hours after the completion of the step 1, a 100% PT flaw detection inspection is performed, and then the stainless steel U-shaped rib embedding section is assembled; The gas-filled hole is welded and sealed by the extremely argon arc welding, and 100% PT flaw detection is carried out 24 hours after the gas-filled hole is sealed and welded.
  • the butt weld groove of the stainless steel U-shaped rib embedded section is a bilateral V-shaped groove, the blunt edge is 0mm, the groove angle is 60 ⁇ 5°, and the gap is 3-5mm.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention 1.
  • the use of water-soluble paper to artificially create a closed space around the butt weld solves the problem that the shielding gas is inconvenient to fill, and realizes the filling of the welding shielding gas in a narrow, long and narrow space with obstacles.
  • the welding process adopted is easy to operate, and the welding specifications and parameters are reasonable. It is verified by the welding process qualification test. The appearance and internal quality of the weld are qualified, the tensile and bending properties of the joint are qualified, and the ferrite content is satisfactory. Standard requirements; 3.
  • the combination of tungsten argon arc welding and carbon dioxide gas shielded welding can not only ensure the quality of the bottoming bead, but also improve the overall welding efficiency of the project.
  • Figure 1 is the bridge engineering orthotropic steel deck and stainless steel U-rib structure
  • Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is B-B sectional view in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stainless steel U-shaped rib embedded section between adjacent beam sections
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the inflatable hole of the stainless steel U-shaped rib embedded section
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly and welding sequence of each component
  • Fig. 7 is the welding seam arrangement diagram of the stainless steel U-rib embedded section structure
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the joint and groove form of the weld 11;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the bead arrangement of the weld 11, and the numbers 1-5 are the serial numbers of the weld bead.
  • Bridge deck 2. Stainless steel U-shaped stiffener; 3. Bridge deck drainage structure; 4. Stainless steel sheet; 5. Stainless steel U-shaped rib insert; 6. Stainless steel sheet insert; 7. Inflatable hole; 8. Water soluble paper; 9. Butt weld of bridge deck between beam sections; 10. Butt weld of stainless steel sheet and its embedded section; 11. Butt weld between stainless steel U-shaped stiffener and its embedded section; 12. Stainless steel U Groove fillet weld between the rib embedded section and the bridge deck; 13. The gas-filled hole seals the weld.
  • a certain length (such as 30cm) of stainless steel sheet insert section 6 is set between the bridge decks 1 of adjacent beam sections, and a certain length (such as 50cm) is set between the stainless steel U-shaped ribs 2.
  • a certain length (such as 50cm) is set between the stainless steel U-shaped ribs 2.
  • the actual length of the stainless steel U-shaped rib embedded section is set according to the actual measurement data after the completion of the on-site beam section assembly and welding, and the principle is to ensure the gap of the butt weld.
  • the machining of the stainless steel U-shaped rib inserting section should be finished by machine tool, and the accuracy of the blunt edge and the size of the opening should be strictly guaranteed, thereby ensuring the welding quality.
  • the back of the weld needs to be filled with inert gas for protection to prevent the weld metal from oxidizing, and the drainage structure arranged in the stainless steel U-shaped rib space will hinder the progress from the end of the beam segment into the local protection device of the weld, making it impossible to
  • the problem of reaching the to-be-welded area of the stainless steel U-shaped rib butt weld is solved by artificially creating a closed space around the butt weld in this embodiment.
  • the water-soluble paper 8 is pasted on the side of the stainless steel U-shaped rib 2 close to the butt weld by using a hydrosol.
  • a hydrosol First, cut the water-soluble paper into a suitable size according to the section size of the stainless steel U-rib, leaving a margin of 3-5cm for pasting; then use the hydrosol to attach the water-soluble paper to the inner wall of the stainless steel U-shaped rib.
  • the bonding position should be more than 150mm away from the weld. Before bonding, the surface of the steel plate in the area to be bonded should be cleaned to prevent the bonding effect from being affected.
  • the butt weld is sealed with tape paper, and only the vent hole with a diameter of about 1cm is set on the uppermost tape paper, so that the stainless steel U-shaped rib, the bridge deck, and the water-soluble paper on both sides of the butt weld can be separated from each other.
  • the stainless steel U-rib inserts together form a partially enclosed space.
  • a protective gas such as argon is filled through the gas-filled hole 7 provided on the side of the stainless steel U-shaped rib inlaid section, as shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the density of argon is higher than that of air, which can evenly displace the air from the bottom and discharge the air from the exhaust hole at the top.
  • the air flow can be controlled at 25-30L/min, and the inflation time is more than 5min.
  • the inflatable hole can be located in the middle of the length of the stainless steel U-rib insert, in the middle of the height or slightly to the side of the bridge deck.
  • the inflatable hole is preferably a funnel-shaped hole with a large outer and a small inner diameter, with an inner diameter of 8-10 mm and an outer diameter of 18-20 mm. It can be sealed by welding.
  • the stainless steel U-rib butt welding method based on Example 1, as shown in Figures 6-7, includes the following steps:
  • the welding adopts the oxygen gas shielded welding, the overhead welding, the welding material is E309LT1-1 flux-cored wire, the diameter is 1.2mm, the welding current is 160-180A, and the welding voltage is 26-28V , the gas flow rate is 15-20L/min.
  • 100% PT flaw detection shall be carried out 24 hours after the welding of the stainless steel sheet inserting segment. After the flaw detection is qualified, the stainless steel U-rib inserting segment shall be tested and the butt weld groove of the stainless steel U-rib inserting segment shall be inspected. , the groove is required to be a bilateral V-shaped groove, the blunt edge is 0mm, the groove angle is 60 ⁇ 5°, and the gap is 3-5mm.
  • the welding material is ER2209 solid wire, the diameter of the wire is 2.4mm, the welding process of the first pass is 80-100A, the voltage is 13-14V, the speed is 3-6cm/min, and the welding process of the second pass is , the current is 90-120A, the voltage is 13.5-15V, the speed is 5-9cm/min, and the airflow is 8-15L/min.
  • 100% PT inspection is carried out 24 hours after the welding of the butt weld of the stainless steel U-shaped rib insert section. After the inspection is qualified, the gas-filled hole is welded and sealed by tungsten argon arc welding. Before welding the gas-filled hole, the internal Carry out protective gas filling, and 100% PT flaw detection inspection shall be carried out 24 hours after the completion of the sealing and welding of filling holes.
  • the welding material is E309LT1-1 flux-cored wire, the diameter is 1.2mm, the welding current is 160-180A, and the welding voltage is 26 -28V, gas flow 15-20L/min.
  • the interlayer temperature of all the above welding is controlled below 100°C.

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Abstract

一种具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，在相邻梁段的桥面板之间设置一定长度的不锈钢薄板嵌补段(6)，不锈钢U形肋之间设置一定长度的不锈钢U形肋嵌补段(5)；不锈钢U形肋靠近对接焊缝(11)一侧通过水溶胶粘贴有水溶纸(8)，对接焊缝利用胶带纸密封，在最上端的胶带纸上设置排气孔，不锈钢U形肋、桥面板(1)、对接焊缝两侧的水溶纸与不锈钢U形肋嵌补段一起构成局部封闭空间；不锈钢U形肋嵌补段侧面设置用于充入保护气体的充气孔(7)。该焊接方法利用水溶纸在对接焊缝周围人工制造封闭空间，解决了保护气体不便于充入的问题，实现在内部窄小、狭长且有阻挡物的空间内充入焊接保护气体。

Description

一种具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法 技术领域
本发明涉及U形肋对接焊技术领域，尤其是一种具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法。
背景技术
正交异性钢桥面板是钢结构桥梁的重要构件之一，通常由桥面板及其底部的U形肋组成。桥面板顶部是混凝土桥面，底部的U形肋起到增加刚度和抗疲劳的作用。随着桥梁技术的不断创新和提高，在一些桥梁结构中，为了在原有桥面板基础上增加桥面排水功能，将部分U形肋的材质由碳钢替换成不锈钢，同时在不锈钢U形肋对应的碳钢桥面板底面设置一层不锈钢薄板，与不锈钢U形肋构成一个耐腐蚀的排水空间，从而实现排水功能，参照图1-3。
钢结构桥梁采用分段制造工艺，每一个桥面板块长约16米或18米，通常桥面板之间焊接连接，U形肋之间焊接或者栓接连接。当U形肋使用不锈钢材质并且增加了桥面排水结构的使用要求时，两个桥面板块之间的U形肋只能通过焊接来连接。现有的U形肋对接焊普遍采用内侧贴钢衬垫的方式，但是对于有排水需求的桥面，钢衬垫不仅会影响水流的顺畅度，而且钢衬垫与U形肋之间的缝隙处容易存积杂 物或积水，影响整体结构的防腐性。
用于排水功能的不锈钢通常为欧洲标准EN 10088-1:2005中的铁素体-奥氏体双相不锈钢，型号为X2CrNiMoN22-5-3，牌号为1.4462。该不锈钢兼备了奥氏体不锈钢和铁素体钢的优点，具有较低的热裂倾向和脆化倾向。这种双相不锈钢为了达到良好的性能，铁素体和奥氏体的含量通常各占50％。为了保证这种不锈钢焊缝性能也能满足要求，按照标准中的规定，焊缝及热影响区中铁素体的含量应在30-70％之间。因此，需要找到一种适合这种双相不锈钢的焊接工艺来保证焊缝金属的各项性能。
奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢在桥梁结构中应用较少，其焊接工艺有待研究。有研究提出采用钨极氩弧焊焊接不锈钢U形肋对接焊缝，但是存在以下技术难点：
1、焊接过程中，焊缝背面需要充入惰性气体进行保护，以防止焊缝金属氧化。考虑到桥梁结构的特殊性，在三十多米甚至更长的U形肋两端进行封堵，然后向内部充气的方案，不仅费时、费力、费资源，而且无法确保焊缝区气体达到要求的纯度，因此该方案并不可取。若制作一种焊缝局部保护装置从梁段端头伸入不锈钢U形肋后，对焊缝背面小范围局部跟气进行保护，布置在不锈钢U形肋空间中的排水结构会阻碍该保护装置的行进，使其无法达到不锈钢U形肋对接焊缝待焊区。
2、钨极氩弧焊焊接速度很慢，效率较低，桥梁结构不锈钢U形肋较多，单纯使用钨极氩弧焊焊接，工作效率大幅降低。
在不锈钢U形肋对接焊缝内侧不允许使用衬垫的前提下，对接焊 缝的焊接难度大幅提升，因为不锈钢的金属流动性与普通碳钢不同，特别是焊接奥氏体-铁素体双相不锈钢时，熔化的铁水流动性很差，立位和仰位焊接时，熔池很难掌控，使用常规的气体保护焊和焊条电弧焊焊接打底焊道时，很难保证焊缝内侧的成型质量。与此同时，由于制造精度影响，拼装现场两个十米多长的桥面板对接时，不锈钢U形肋对接焊缝的焊前组装间隙很难保证完全在要求公差内，如果背面不使用衬垫焊接，焊前组装间隙的质量将直接影响对接焊缝的质量。
发明内容
针对现有借助不锈钢U形肋进行桥面排水的正交异性桥面板的U形肋对接焊过程中存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法。
一种具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，在相邻梁段的桥面板之间设置一定长度的不锈钢薄板嵌补段，不锈钢U形肋之间设置一定长度的不锈钢U形肋嵌补段；不锈钢U形肋靠近对接焊缝一侧通过水溶胶粘贴有水溶纸，对接焊缝利用胶带纸密封，在最上端的胶带纸上设置排气孔，不锈钢U形肋、桥面板、对接焊缝两侧的水溶纸与不锈钢U形肋嵌补段一起构成局部封闭空间；不锈钢U形肋嵌补段侧面设置用于充入保护气体的充气孔。
进一步的，所述充气孔为外大内小的漏斗形孔，内侧孔径8-10mm，外侧孔径为18-20mm。
进一步的，所述水溶纸粘合位置与对接焊缝的距离大于150mm。
进一步的，该焊接方法包括以下步骤：
1、组装并焊接不锈钢薄板嵌补段；焊接采用采用二氧气体保护焊，仰位焊接，焊接材料为E309LT1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接电流160-180A，焊接电压26-28V，气体流量15-20L/min。
2、利用水溶胶在不锈钢U形肋靠近对接焊缝一侧粘贴水溶纸；
3、在不锈钢U形肋嵌补段侧面设置用于充入保护气体的充气孔；
4、组装不锈钢U形肋嵌补段，焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段与桥面板间角焊缝打底焊道；
5、利用胶带纸密封对接焊缝，仅在最上端留排气孔；
6、从充气孔处插入充气导管，往不锈钢U形肋内部空间充入保护气体，使得空气逐步从上端的排气孔排出；
7、焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝，包括2道钨极氩弧焊打底焊道焊接、1道二氧气体保护焊填充焊道焊接和2道二氧气体保护焊盖面焊道焊接，其中第1道打底焊道焊接工艺为，电流80-100A，电压13-14V，速度3-6cm/min，第2道打底焊道焊接工艺为，电流90-120A，电压13.5-15V，速度5-9cm/min，气流量均为8-15L/min，2道打底焊道焊接材料均为ER2209实心焊丝，焊丝直径2.4mm；填充焊道焊接和盖面焊道焊接材料为E2209T1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接工艺为，电流120-160A，焊接电压22-26V，焊接速度8-25cm/min，气体流量15-20L/min。
8、焊接封堵充气孔；
9、焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段与桥面板间角焊缝剩余焊道。
进一步的，所述步骤1完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验，再组装不锈钢U形肋嵌补段；所述步骤7完成完成24小时后进行 100％PT探伤检验，探伤合格后，采用钨极氩弧焊对充气孔进行焊接封堵，充气孔封堵焊接完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验。
进一步的，不锈钢U形肋嵌补段的对接焊缝坡口为双边V形坡口，钝边0mm，坡口角度60±5°，间隙3-5mm。
本发明的有益效果：1、利用水溶纸在对接焊缝周围人工制造封闭空间解决了保护气体不便于充入的问题，实现在内部窄小、狭长且有阻挡物的空间内充入焊接保护气体，无需使用衬垫；2、采用的焊接工艺便于操作，焊接规范、参数合理，通过焊接工艺评定试验进行验证，焊缝外观及内部质量合格，接头拉伸和弯曲性能合格，铁素体含量满足标准要求；3、采用钨极氩弧焊与二氧化碳气体保护焊相结合的焊接工艺，既能保证打底焊道的质量，又能提高工程整体的焊接效率。
附图说明
图1是桥梁工程正交异性钢桥面板及不锈钢U形肋结构；
图2是图1中的A-A截面图；
图3是图1中的B-B截面图；
图4是相邻梁段之间的不锈钢U形肋嵌补段结构示意图；
图5是不锈钢U形肋嵌补段充气孔示意图；
图6是各构件组装焊接顺序示意图；
图7是不锈钢U形肋嵌补段结构焊缝布置图；
图8是焊缝11的接头和坡口形式示意图；
图9是焊缝11的焊道布置示意图，数字①-⑤是焊道序号。
附图标记说明：1、桥面板；2、不锈钢U形加劲肋；3、桥面排水结 构；4、不锈钢薄板；5、不锈钢U形肋嵌补段；6、不锈钢薄板嵌补段；7、充气孔；8、水溶纸；9、梁段间桥面板对接焊缝；10、不锈钢薄板与其嵌补段对接焊缝；11、不锈钢U形加劲肋与其嵌补段间对接焊缝；12不锈钢U形肋嵌补段与桥面板间坡口角焊缝；13、充气孔封堵焊缝。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
为了保证对接焊间隙在允许范围之内，在相邻梁段的桥面板1之间设置一定长度(如30cm)的不锈钢薄板嵌补段6，不锈钢U形肋2之间设置一定长度(如50cm)的不锈钢U形肋嵌补段5，参照图4。实际不锈钢U形肋嵌补段长度根据现场梁段拼装焊接完成后的实际测量数据设定，原则是保证对接焊缝的间隙。不锈钢U形肋嵌补段加工应采用机床精加工，严格保证钝边和张口尺寸的精度，进而保证焊接质量。
针对焊缝背面需要充入起保护作用的惰性气体，防止焊缝金属氧化，而布置在不锈钢U形肋空间中的排水结构会阻碍从梁段端头伸入焊缝局部保护装置的行进，使其无法达到不锈钢U形肋对接焊缝待焊区的问题，本实施例通过在对接焊缝周围人工制造封闭空间来解决。
利用水溶胶在不锈钢U形肋2靠近对接焊缝一侧粘贴水溶纸8。首先，将水溶纸按不锈钢U肋截面尺寸剪成合适大小，留有3-5cm余量以供粘贴；然后利用水溶胶将水溶纸与不锈钢U形肋内壁贴合。为保证水溶胶不受热而失效，粘合位置应距离焊缝150mm以上。粘合前，应清理待粘合区钢板表面，防止粘合效果受到影响。
为制造相对封闭的空间，利用胶带纸密封对接焊缝，仅在最上端的胶带纸上设置直径1cm左右的排气孔，从而使得不锈钢U形肋、桥面板、对接焊缝两侧的水溶纸与不锈钢U形肋嵌补段一起构成局部封闭空间。
通过设置于不锈钢U形肋嵌补段侧面的充气孔7，如图5所示，充入保护气体如氩气。氩气密度大于空气，可以均匀地从底部逐步置换空气，将空气从最上端的排气孔排出。气流量可以控制在25-30L/min，充气时间大于5min。充气孔可位于不锈钢U形肋嵌补段长度的中间位置，高度的中间或稍偏向桥面板侧。
所述充气孔优选为外大内小的漏斗形孔，内侧孔径8-10mm，外侧孔径为18-20mm，不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝焊接完成后，采用钨极氩弧焊对其进行焊接封堵即可。
实施例2
基于实施例1的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，如图6-7，包括以下步骤：
1、组装并焊接5mm厚不锈钢薄板嵌补段，焊接采用二氧气体保护焊，仰位焊接，焊接材料为E309LT1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接电流160-180A，焊接电压26-28V，气体流量15-20L/min。
2、不锈钢薄板嵌补段焊接完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验，探伤合格后，试装不锈钢不锈钢U形肋嵌补段，对不锈钢U形肋嵌补段的对接焊缝坡口进行检查，要求坡口为双边V形坡口，钝边0mm，坡口角度60±5°，间隙3-5mm，参照图8，若不符合要求则进行修磨处理直至符合要求。
3、将不锈钢U形肋嵌补段组装到桥面板上，采用二氧气体保护焊焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段与桥面板间角焊缝打底焊道，焊接材料为E309LT1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接电流160-180A，焊接电压26-28V，气体流量15-20L/min。
4、利用胶带纸密封对接焊缝，仅在最上端的胶带纸上设置直径1cm左右的排气孔，从而使得不锈钢U形肋、桥面板、对接焊缝两侧的水溶纸与不锈钢U形肋嵌补段一起构成局部封闭空间。
5、从充气孔充入保护气体，采用钨极氩弧焊进行不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝打底焊道①、②焊接，焊接过程中分段去除对焊缝处贴合的胶带，以保证内部气体的保护效果。焊接材料为ER2209实心焊丝，焊丝直径2.4mm，第①道打底焊道焊接工艺为，电流80-100A，电压13-14V，速度3-6cm/min，第②道打底焊道焊接工艺为，电流90-120A，电压13.5-15V，速度5-9cm/min，气流量均为8-15L/min。
6、采用二氧气体保护焊焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝的填充焊道③及盖面焊道④、⑤，焊接材料E2209T1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接电流120-160A，焊接电压22-26V，焊接速度8-25cm/min，气体流量15-20L/min。图9为不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝5道焊道示意图。
7、不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝焊接完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验，探伤合格后，采用钨极氩弧焊对充气孔进行焊接封堵，焊接充气孔前仍需对内部进行充保护气，充气孔封堵焊接完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验。
8、焊接不锈钢U形肋补段与桥面板间角焊缝剩余焊道，采用二氧气体保护焊，焊接材料为E309LT1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接电流160-180A，焊接电压26-28V，气体流量15-20L/min。
上述所有焊接的层间温度控制在100℃以下。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举仅是本发明一个具体实施例。
显然，本发明不限于以上实施例，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，在相邻梁段的桥面板之间设置一定长度的不锈钢薄板嵌补段，不锈钢U形肋之间设置一定长度的不锈钢U形肋嵌补段；不锈钢U形肋靠近对接焊缝一侧通过水溶胶粘贴有水溶纸，对接焊缝利用胶带纸密封，在最上端的胶带纸上设置排气孔，不锈钢U形肋、桥面板、对接焊缝两侧的水溶纸与不锈钢U形肋嵌补段一起构成局部封闭空间；不锈钢U形肋嵌补段侧面设置用于充入保护气体的充气孔。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述充气孔为外大内小的漏斗形孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述充气孔内侧孔径8-10mm，外侧孔径为18-20mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述水溶纸粘合位置与对接焊缝的距离大于150mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任意一项所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，组装并焊接不锈钢薄板嵌补段；
    步骤2，利用水溶胶在不锈钢U形肋靠近对接焊缝一侧粘贴水溶纸；
    步骤3，在不锈钢U形肋嵌补段侧面设置用于充入保护气体的充气孔；
    步骤4，组装不锈钢U形肋嵌补段，焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段与桥面板间角焊缝打底焊道；
    步骤5，利用胶带纸密封对接焊缝，仅在最上端留排气孔；
    步骤6，从充气孔处插入充气导管，往不锈钢U形肋内部空间充入保护气体，使得空气逐步从上端的排气孔排出；
    步骤7，焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段对接焊缝；
    步骤8，焊接封堵充气孔；
    步骤9，焊接不锈钢U形肋嵌补段与桥面板间角焊缝剩余焊道。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1采用二氧气体保护焊，仰位焊接，焊接材料为E309LT1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接电流160-180A，焊接电压26-28V，气体流量15-20L/min。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤7包括2道钨极氩弧焊打底焊道焊接、1道二氧气体保护焊填充焊道焊接和2道二氧气体保护焊盖面焊道焊接，其中第1道打底焊道焊接工艺为，电流80-100A，电压13-14V，速度3-6cm/min，第2道打底焊道焊接工艺为，电流90-120A，电压13.5-15V，速度5-9cm/min，气流量均为8-15L/min，2道打底焊道焊接材料均为ER2209实心焊丝，焊丝直径2.4mm；填充焊道焊接和盖面焊道焊接材料为E2209T1-1药芯焊丝，直径1.2mm，焊接工艺为，电流120-160A，焊接电压22-26V，焊接速度8-25cm/min，气体流量15-20L/min。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验，再组装U形肋嵌补段。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，所述步骤7完成完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验，探伤合格后，采用钨极氩弧焊对充气孔进行焊接封堵，充气孔封堵焊接完成24小时后进行100％PT探伤检验。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的具有排水功能的不锈钢U形肋对接焊焊接方法，其特征在于，不锈钢U形肋嵌补段的对接焊缝坡口为双边V形坡口，钝边0mm，坡口角度60±5°，间隙3-5mm。
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