WO2022057798A1 - 一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057798A1
WO2022057798A1 PCT/CN2021/118341 CN2021118341W WO2022057798A1 WO 2022057798 A1 WO2022057798 A1 WO 2022057798A1 CN 2021118341 W CN2021118341 W CN 2021118341W WO 2022057798 A1 WO2022057798 A1 WO 2022057798A1
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Prior art keywords
data
collection unit
data collection
module
quasi
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PCT/CN2021/118341
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周超
赵双双
段梅梅
陈霄
徐晴
龚丹
田正其
夏国芳
欧阳曾恺
穆小星
曹晓冬
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Marketing Center of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Marketing Center of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Priority claimed from CN202010965981.9A external-priority patent/CN112087675B/zh
Priority claimed from CN202022013077.6U external-priority patent/CN212727292U/zh
Application filed by State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd, Marketing Center of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority to AU2021269381A priority Critical patent/AU2021269381A1/en
Priority to US17/611,174 priority patent/US11821929B2/en
Publication of WO2022057798A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057798A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R22/00—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters
    • G01R22/06—Arrangements for measuring time integral of electric power or current, e.g. electricity meters by electronic methods
    • G01R22/061—Details of electronic electricity meters
    • G01R22/063—Details of electronic electricity meters related to remote communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/60—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for transmitting utility meters data, i.e. transmission of data from the reader of the utility meter

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of intelligent measurement and communication, and more particularly, relates to a quasi-real-time data acquisition system and method suitable for a competitive power market.
  • the current electricity consumption information collection system supports the collection of daily frozen data, monthly frozen data, and 15-minute historical curve data of the previous day.
  • minute-level quasi-real-time data collection the existing full-carrier and half-carrier local communication networks It is difficult to realize due to the structure, unified scheduling and acquisition mode based on the concentrator and the limitation of the communication speed between the carrier communication module and the serial port of the electric energy meter. Due to the large number of user nodes in local communication, the local communication network is susceptible to operating load interference.
  • the traditional full-carrier mode and half-carrier mode network architecture based on centralized reading terminal task scheduling to collect electricity data collection efficiency is low, and quasi-real-time data collection is difficult. Big.
  • the main station is directly connected to the main station by installing additional data acquisition modules and using 4G and other remote communication units, resulting in huge repeated construction costs.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a quasi-real-time data acquisition system and method suitable for the competitive power market, overcoming the problem of poor real-time data acquisition in the existing power consumption information acquisition system.
  • a quasi-real-time data acquisition system adapting to the competitive power market, comprising: a distributed data collection unit, a centralized data collection unit and a collection master station, the distributed data collection unit is connected with a smart electric energy meter through its internal downlink communication module, and Its internal collection task and collection scheme configuration module configures the parameters of the collected data items and task execution parameters, including: quasi-real-time collection tasks, 15-minute curve tasks, daily frozen data tasks, monthly frozen data tasks; centralized data collection unit through its internal
  • the file conversion and uplink communication module is connected with the acquisition master station; the centralized data collection unit and several distributed data collection units communicate with the main module and distributed data through HPLC (High speed Power Line Carrier Communication) inside the centralized data collection unit
  • HPLC High speed Power Line Carrier Communication
  • the collection task and collection scheme configuration module of the distributed data collection unit is at least further configured to configure the collection scheme number, storage depth, collection method, electricity meter set, storage time stamp and electricity consumption data identifier.
  • the distributed data collection unit further includes: a quasi-real-time data collection task module for starting the quasi-real-time data collection task module, the quasi-real-time data collection task start module is connected with the collection task and collection scheme configuration module, and is used for starting the quasi-real-time collection according to the set order.
  • Task 15-minute curve task, daily frozen data task, monthly frozen data task.
  • the quasi-real-time data acquisition task module is activated to receive the clock message of the HPLC communication main module via the HPLC communication sub-module.
  • both the data storage module of the centralized data collection unit and the data storage module of the distributed data collection unit use FLASH memory.
  • the centralized data collection unit includes: a data point copying module, configured to initiate data reporting by the data storage module in the distributed data collection unit by calling and copying the message.
  • a data point copying module configured to initiate data reporting by the data storage module in the distributed data collection unit by calling and copying the message.
  • the HPLC communication main module of the centralized data collection unit is used for data interaction with the data point reading module through the concurrent meter reading mode.
  • the HPLC communication main module supports a variety of communication baud rate parameters, and the parameters with high baud rate are preferentially used for data exchange. communication.
  • the file conversion and uplink communication module in the centralized data collection unit is used to generate compressed files from the data in the data storage module of the centralized data collection unit, and perform data interaction with the collection master station.
  • the present invention also provides a quasi-real-time data acquisition method based on the quasi-real-time data acquisition system adapted to the competitive power market, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 the distributed data collection unit is powered on, the downlink communication module of the distributed data collection unit collects the power meter clock, and uses it as the distributed data collection unit clock;
  • Step 2 the HPLC communication sub-module of the distributed data collection unit and the HPLC communication main module of the centralized data collection unit carry out networking and clock synchronization interaction, if after receiving the clock message of the HPLC communication main module, then the distributed data collection unit
  • the starting quasi-real-time data acquisition task module starts the quasi-real-time data task
  • Step 3 the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection unit use the HPLC communication channel to carry out point copy data interaction;
  • Step 4 the centralized data collection unit summarizes the point-copying data of several distributed data collection units, generates a file and reports it to the collection master station.
  • step 2 further includes: starting the 15-minute curve task, the daily data freezing task, and the monthly freezing task according to the set start sequence.
  • the click-to-copy data interaction in step 3 specifically includes:
  • Step 3.1 the data point copying module of the centralized data collection unit sends the "calling on” message to the distributed data collection unit;
  • Step 3.2 after the distributed data collection unit receives the "roll call open” message, it sends the "data reporting” message to the data point copying module;
  • Step 3.3 after the data point copying module receives the "data reporting” message, it sends the "reporting confirmation” message to the distributed data collection unit;
  • Step 3.4 after the distributed data collection unit receives the "report confirmation" message, if there is data to continue to report, it will continue to send the "data report” message to the data point copying module, and return to step 3.3; if there is no data required Continue to report, then send a "data report denial/no follow-up frame" message to the data point copying module;
  • Step 3.5 after the data point copying module receives the "data reporting denial/no follow-up frame” message, it sends the "calling close” message to the distributed data collection unit;
  • Step 3.6 after the distributed data collection unit receives the "roll call close” message, it sends the "roll call close confirmation” message to the data point copying module; after completing one round of roll call copying, return to step 3.1.
  • step 3 when the distributed data collection unit sends a "data report” message to the centralized data collection unit, if a communication abnormality occurs and the reported data is abnormally lost, the data point copying module stops the current round of point copying according to the timeout processing. Task, return to step 3.1, in the next round of roll call and copy, the distributed data collection unit resends the "data report" message that was not reported successfully in the previous round.
  • step 3 when the centralized data collection unit sends the "report confirmation" message to the distributed data collection unit, if a communication abnormality occurs and the reported data is abnormally lost, the data point copying module stops the current round of call copying according to the timeout processing. Read, return to step 3.1, in the next round of roll call reading, the distributed data collection unit resends the "data reporting" message that was not reported successfully in the previous round.
  • the centralized data collection unit reports the data reporting reduction protocol to the collection master station, and the data reporting reduction protocol is based on the record type object attribute descriptor OAD, record selection descriptor RSD, one row record N column attribute descriptor ROAD and response
  • the sequence of data is framed.
  • the response data is framed according to the sequence of the data type of the record column and the values of the multiple records.
  • the beneficial effect of the invention is that, compared with the prior art, the collection task and collection scheme are delegated to the distributed data collection module, and then each distributed data collection module is clicked through the centralized data collection unit, and the centralized data collection unit generates a file and reports it for collection.
  • the main station realizes the concurrent asynchronous reading of the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection module, which greatly improves the timeliness of power consumption data and has a good application prospect.
  • Figure 1 shows the system architecture of the quasi-real-time electricity consumption data acquisition system adapted to the competitive electricity market
  • Fig. 2 is the first situation that centralized data collection unit and distributed data collection unit use HPLC communication channel to carry out point copy data interaction;
  • Fig. 3 is the second situation that the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection unit use the HPLC communication channel to carry out the point-and-click data interaction;
  • Fig. 4 is the third situation that the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection unit use the HPLC communication channel to carry out point copying data interaction;
  • FIG. 5 is a quasi-real-time electricity consumption data collection method based on a quasi-real-time electricity consumption data collection system adapted to the competitive electricity market.
  • Example 1 A Quasi-Real-Time Data Acquisition System Adapting to a Competitive Electricity Market
  • the present invention provides a quasi-real-time data collection system adapted to the competitive power market, including: a distributed data collection unit, a centralized data collection unit and a collection master station.
  • the distributed data collection unit includes: a downlink communication module, a quasi-real-time data collection task module, a collection task and collection plan configuration module, a data storage module and an HPLC communication sub-module.
  • the centralized data collection unit includes: file conversion and uplink communication module, data point copying module, data storage module and HPLC communication main module.
  • the distributed data collection unit is connected with the smart energy meter through the downlink communication module, the centralized data collection unit is connected with the acquisition master station through the file conversion and the uplink communication module, and the centralized data collection unit and several distributed data collection units communicate with the main module and the main module through HPLC.
  • HPLC local communication network connection composed of HPLC communication sub-modules.
  • the downlink communication module of the distributed data collection unit according to the actual situation on site.
  • the downlink communication module is RS485 communication or other communication methods.
  • the collection task and collection plan configuration module of the distributed data collection unit is used to configure the parameters of the collected data items and the task execution parameters, including but not limited to, the quasi-real-time collection task, the 15-minute curve task, the daily frozen data task, and the monthly frozen data task; As well as the collection scheme number, storage depth, collection method, electricity meter collection, storage time stamp and electricity data identification.
  • Table 1 shows the task configuration scheme
  • Table 2 shows the three-phase meter acquisition scheme
  • Table 3 shows the single-phase user acquisition scheme.
  • serial number task id execution frequency Scheme type Scheme number delay illustrate 1 1 1 minute Common collection plan 1 0min Three-phase meter acquisition task 2 2 1 day Common collection plan 2 5min Three-phase meter acquisition task 3 3 January Common collection plan 3 5min Three-phase meter acquisition task 4 4 15 minutes Common collection plan 4 5min Three-phase meter acquisition task 5 5 1 minute Common collection plan 5 0min Single-phase meter acquisition tasks 6 6 1 day Common collection plan 6 5min Single-phase meter acquisition tasks 7 7 January Common collection plan 7 5min Single-phase meter acquisition tasks 8 8 15 minutes Common collection plan 8 5min Single-phase meter acquisition tasks
  • the functions of the quasi-real-time data collection task module for starting the distributed data collection unit include: after the distributed data collection unit is powered on, the downlink communication module collects the power meter clock and uses it as the distributed data collection unit clock. Start the quasi-real-time data acquisition task module to start the 15-minute curve task, the daily freezing data task, and the monthly freezing task; at the same time, the HPLC communication sub-module of the distributed data collection unit and the HPLC communication main module of the centralized data collection unit conduct networking and clock synchronization interaction , if the clock message of the HPLC communication main module is received, the quasi-real-time data acquisition task module of the distributed data collection unit starts the quasi-real-time data task.
  • Protocol version number The value of this version is fixed at 1.
  • Packet Header Length Indicates the packet length.
  • RTC clock Indicates the RTC clock at the time when this message was created, BCD encoded, format is YYMMDDhhmmss (little endian transmission, no "week X" data bit).
  • NTB time Indicates the network-wide NTB time when this packet is created, in NTB.
  • the data storage module of the distributed data collection unit is used to store the data required to be read in the acquisition task and the acquisition scheme configuration module. It is stored in FLASH memory to ensure that the data will not be lost after power failure.
  • the storage method adopts first-in first-out and cyclic storage. .
  • the data point copying module of the centralized data collection unit is used to start the data reporting of the data storage module in the distributed data collection unit by calling and copying the message.
  • Object-oriented data is used for the 15-minute curve task, the daily frozen data task and the monthly frozen data task.
  • the exchange protocol routinely reports statutes for message reporting. For quasi-real-time data tasks, the simplified reporting statutes are used for message reporting.
  • the data point copying and response are performed according to the point copying data exchange process.
  • the HPLC communication main module of the centralized data collection unit is used for data interaction with the data point reading module through the concurrent meter reading mode.
  • the HPLC communication main module defaults to the communication baud rate parameter A, and the centralized data collection unit queries whether the HPLC communication main module supports updating. High baud rate B, if supported, the centralized data collection unit will automatically adjust the baud rate parameter of the HPLC communication main module to B.
  • the HPLC communication main module and the data point reading module exchange data through the concurrent meter reading mode.
  • the default communication baud rate parameter of the HPLC communication main module is 1, which is 9600bps by default.
  • the centralized data collection unit queries whether the HPLC communication main module supports The higher baud rate parameter 2 is extended to 115200bps. If supported, the centralized data collection unit will automatically adjust the baud rate parameter of the HPLC communication main module to parameter 2, that is, 115200bps.
  • the data storage module of the centralized data collection unit is used to store the data copied back by the data point copying module in the FLASH memory.
  • the file conversion and uplink communication module of the centralized data collection unit is used to generate compressed files from the data in the data storage module of the centralized data collection unit according to the configurable file format, and supports the data acquisition and reporting of file transmission.
  • a preferred but non-restrictive The implementation manner is to use the SFTP transmission protocol for data transmission.
  • the file contains data items: datetime (data time), 20000201 (A-phase voltage), 20000202 (B-phase voltage), 20000203 (C-phase voltage), 20010201 (A-phase current), 20010202 (B-phase current), 20010203 (C-phase current) current), 20010400 (neutral current), etc.
  • JSONArray is the measurement point data starting from the second JSONObject.
  • the data format is as follows:
  • the distributed data collection unit and the centralized data collection unit may be one or more processors or chips with a communication interface capable of implementing a communication protocol, respectively, and may also include a memory and related interface, system transmission bus, etc.; the processor or chip executes program-related codes to implement corresponding functions.
  • the HPLC communication sub-module and the downlink communication module may be one or more processors or chips with a communication interface capable of implementing a communication protocol; the collection task and collection plan configuration module and the startup quasi-real-time data collection task module may be respectively.
  • One or more processors or controllers; the processors, controllers or chips execute program-related codes to implement corresponding functions.
  • the file conversion and uplink communication module and the HPLC communication main module can be one or more processors or chips with a communication interface capable of implementing a communication protocol;
  • the data point copying module can be one or more processors or controllers;
  • the processor, the controller or the chip executes program-related codes to implement corresponding functions.
  • Example 2 A Quasi-Real-Time Data Collection Method Adapting to a Competitive Electricity Market
  • Step 1 the distributed data collection unit is powered on, the downlink communication module of the distributed data collection unit collects the power meter clock, and uses it as the distributed data collection unit clock;
  • Step 2 the HPLC communication sub-module of the distributed data collection unit and the HPLC communication main module of the centralized data collection unit carry out networking and clock synchronization interaction, if after receiving the clock message of the HPLC communication main module, then the distributed data collection unit
  • the start quasi-real-time data collection task module starts the quasi-real-time data task.
  • Step 2 further includes: starting a 15-minute curve task, a daily data freezing task, and a monthly freezing task. It is worth noting that those skilled in the art can arbitrarily set the startup sequence of each task according to the actual needs of the field.
  • a preferred but non-limiting implementation is to start each task according to the priority order of each task.
  • step 3 the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection unit use the HPLC communication channel to exchange point-to-point data.
  • step 2 The first situation in which the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection unit use the HPLC communication channel to carry out point copy data interaction is shown in Figure 2, and the point copy data interaction in step 3 specifically includes:
  • Step 3.1 the data point copying module of the centralized data collection unit sends the "calling on” message to the distributed data collection unit;
  • Step 3.2 after the distributed data collection unit receives the "roll call open” message, it sends the "data reporting” message to the data point copying module;
  • Step 3.3 after the data point copying module receives the "data reporting” message, it sends the "reporting confirmation” message to the distributed data collection unit;
  • Step 3.4 after the distributed data collection unit receives the "report confirmation" message, if there is data to continue to report, it will continue to send the "data report” message to the data point copying module, and return to step 3.3; if there is no data required Continue to report, then send a "data report denial/no follow-up frame" message to the data point copying module;
  • Step 3.5 after the data point copying module receives the "data reporting denial/no follow-up frame” message, it sends the "calling close” message to the distributed data collection unit;
  • Step 3.6 after the distributed data collection unit receives the "roll call close” message, it sends the "roll call close confirmation” message to the data point copying module; after completing one round of roll call copying, return to step 3.1.
  • FIG. 4 The third situation in which the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection unit use the HPLC communication channel to exchange point-to-point data is shown in Figure 4.
  • the centralized data collection unit sends a "report confirmation" message to the distributed data collection unit, if If a communication abnormality occurs, and the reported data is abnormally lost, the data point copying module stops the current round of roll call copying according to the timeout processing, and returns to step 3.1.
  • the distributed data collection unit resends the "data reporting" messages that were not reported successfully in the previous round.
  • Step 4 the centralized data collection unit summarizes the point-copying data of several distributed data collection units, generates a file and reports it to the collection master station.
  • the data reporting reduction protocol disassembles the composite data into a single data item, and then according to the "record object attribute descriptor OAD”, "record selection descriptor RSD”, "one row record N column attribute descriptor ROAD”, "response data” Framing is performed in sequence, wherein the response data is framed in the order of "record column data type A-SimplifyRecordRowDataType” and "M record data value SEQUENCE OFA-SimplifyRecordRow".
  • the newly designed streamlined protocol architecture also imposes constraints on the application. It is necessary to make special arrangements for the composite data in the field of electricity information collection. The clever use of this transmission method can improve the transmission efficiency.
  • the main example messages for simplified data reporting are as follows:
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that, compared with the prior art, the present invention proposes a quasi-real-time power consumption data acquisition system and method suitable for the competitive power market.
  • the centralized data collection unit clicks and copies each distributed data collection module, and the quasi-real-time collection tasks are reported in a simplified protocol during the click-and-copy interaction process, realizing the centralized reporting of multiple electric energy meters and multiple data items, making full use of the HPLC communication channel, and then through the centralized data
  • the collection unit generates a file and reports it to the collection master station, which realizes the concurrent asynchronous reading of the centralized data collection unit and the distributed data collection module, which greatly improves the timeliness of electricity consumption data and has a good application prospect.
  • the simplified protocol architecture is newly designed, and the application is also constrained. It is necessary to make a special agreement on the composite data in the field of electricity consumption information collection. The clever use of this transmission method can improve the transmission efficiency.

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Abstract

一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，系统包括: 分布式数据汇集单元、集中数据汇集单元和采集主站，分布式数据汇集单元通过其内部的下行通信模块与智能电能表连接，通过其内部的采集任务与采集方案配置模块配置采集数据项参数与任务执行参数，包括: 准实时采集任务，15 分钟曲线任务，日冻结数据任务，月冻结数据任务; 集中数据汇集单元通过其内部的文件转换与上行通信模块与采集主站连接; 集中数据汇集单元和若干个分布式数据汇集单元通过集中数据汇集单元内部的 HPLC 通信主模块和分布式数据汇集单元内部的 HPLC 通信子模块组成的 HPLC 本地通信网络连接。本发明实现了并发异步抄读，大大提高用电数据的时效性，具有良好的应用前景。

Description

一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统及方法 技术领域
本发明属于智能量测与通信领域，更具体地，涉及一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统及方法。
背景技术
我国新一轮电力体制改革启动电力市场建设。新电改拟通过逐步放开售电业务进一步引入竞争，完善电力市场运行机制，鼓励更多的市场主体参与交易，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用。随着现货市场建设和售电市场不断放开，市场主体数量不断增加，主体类型趋于多样化，市场竞争不断增强，价格机制更加灵活。同时，随着高比例可再生能源发电上网，大量分布式能源、电动汽车、储能装置等多元负荷接入，利用需求侧的柔性负荷资源参与电网互动，将成为市场环境下电网的重要调控手段。市场中将出现分时价格信号引导网荷互动，用户对系统价格和电网激励进行响应，灵活调节自身的用电需求。
目前的用电信息采集系统支持日冻结数据、月冻结数据以及前一日的15分钟历史曲线数据的采集，对于分钟级的准实时数据采集则由于现有的全载波和半载波的本地通信网络架构、基于集中器统一调度采集模式以及载波通信模块与电能表串口通信速度的限制而难以实现。由于本地通信中用户节点数量大，本地通信网络易受到运行负荷干扰、传统的全载波模式和半载波模式网络架构下基于集抄终端任务调度采集用电数据的采集效率低，准实时数据采集难度大。目前用户侧需求响应工程实施过程中，主要通过安装额外的数据采集模块利用4G等远程通信单元直接连接主站，导致重复建设成本巨大。
所属技术领域亟需一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统及方法，能够兼容现有的用电信息采集系统，同时实现用电数据的准实时上报，为竞争性电力市场建设提供技术支撑。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的不足，本发明的目的在于，提供一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统及方法，克服现有用电信息采集系统数据采集实时性不佳的问题。
本发明采用如下的技术方案。一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，包括：分布式数据汇集单元、集中数据汇集单元和采集主站，分布式数据汇集单元通过其内部的下行通信模块与智能电能表连接，通过其内部的采集任务与采集方案配置模块配置采集数据项参数与任务执行参数，包括：准实时采集任务，15分钟曲线任务，日冻结数据任务，月冻结数据任务；集中数据汇集单元通过其内部的文件转换与上行通信模块与采集主站连接；集中数据汇集单元和若干个分布式数据汇集单元通过集中数据汇集单元内部的HPLC(高速电力线载波通信，High speedPowerLine Carrier Communication)通信主模块和分布式数据汇集单元内部的HPLC通信子模块组成的HPLC本地通信网络连接。
优选地，分布式数据汇集单元的采集任务与采集方案配置模块至少还用于配置采集方案编号、存储深度、采集方式、 电表集合、存储时标和用电数据标识。
优选地，分布式数据汇集单元还包括：启动准实时数据采集任务模块，所述启动准实时数据采集任务模块与采集任务与采集方案配置模块相连接，用于按照设定的顺序启动准实时采集任务，15分钟曲线任务，日冻结数据任务，月冻结数据任务。
优选地，启动准实时数据采集任务模块经HPLC通信子模块接收HPLC通信主模块的时钟报文。
优选地，集中数据汇集单元的数据存储模块和分布式数据汇集单元的数据存储模块均采用FLASH存储器。
优选地，集中数据汇集单元包括：数据点抄模块，用于通过点名抄读报文启动分布式数据汇集单元中数据存储模块的数据上报。
优选地，集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信主模块用于与数据点抄模块通过并发抄表模式进行数据交互，HPLC通信主模块支持多种通信波特率参数，优先使用波特率高的参数进行通信。
优选地，集中数据汇集单元中的文件转换与上行通信模块用于将集中数据汇集单元的数据存储模块中的数据生成压缩文件，与采集主站进行数据交互。
本发明还提供了一种基于所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统的准实时数据采集方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，分布式数据汇集单元上电，分布式数据汇集单元的下行通信模块采集电能表时钟，并将其作分布式数据汇集单元时钟；
步骤2，分布式数据汇集单元的HPLC通信子模块与集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信主模块进行组网与时钟同步交互，若收到HPLC通信主模块的时钟报文后，则分布式数据汇集单元的启动准实时数据采集任务模块启动准实时数据任务；
步骤3，集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互；
步骤4，集中数据汇集单元汇总若干分布式数据汇集单元的点抄数据，生成文件上报采集主站。
优选地，步骤2还包括：按照设定的启动顺序启动15分钟曲线任务、日冻结数据任务、月冻结任务。
优选地，步骤3中点抄数据交互具体包括：
步骤3.1，集中数据汇集单元的数据点抄模块发送“点名开启”报文发送至分布式数据汇集单元；
步骤3.2，分布式数据汇集单元收到“点名开启”报文后，发送“数据上报”报文至数据点抄模块；
步骤3.3，数据点抄模块收到“数据上报”报文后，发送“上报确认”报文至分布式数据汇集单元；
步骤3.4，分布式数据汇集单元收到“上报确认”报文后，若有数据需要继续上报，则继续发送“数据上报”报文至数据点抄模块，并返回至步骤3.3；若无数据需要继续上报，则发送“数据上报否认/无后续帧”报文至数据点抄模块；
步骤3.5，数据点抄模块收到“数据上报否认/无后续帧”报文后，发送“点名关闭”报文至分布式数据汇集单元；
步骤3.6，分布式数据汇集单元收到“点名关闭”报文后，发送“点名关闭确认”报文至数据点抄模块；完成一轮点名抄读，返回至步骤3.1。
优选地，步骤3中，分布式数据汇集单元发送“数据上报”报文至集中数据汇集单元时，若发生通信异常，上报数 据发生异常丢包，数据点抄模块按照超时处理停止本轮点抄任务，返回至步骤3.1，在下一轮点名抄读中，分布式数据汇集单元重新发送上一轮未上报成功的“数据上报”报文。
优选地，步骤3中，集中数据汇集单元发送“上报确认”报文至分布式数据汇集单元时，若发生通信异常，上报数据发生异常丢包，数据点抄模块按照超时处理停止本轮点名抄读，返回至步骤3.1，在下一轮点名抄读中，分布式数据汇集单元重新发送上一轮未上报成功的“数据上报”报文。
优选地，步骤4中，集中数据汇集单元以数据上报精简规约上报采集主站，数据上报精简规约按照记录型对象属性描述符OAD、记录选择描述符RSD、一行记录N列属性描述符ROAD和响应数据的顺序进行组帧。
优选地，步骤4中，响应数据按照记录列数据类型、多条记录数据值的顺序组帧。
本发明的有益效果在于，与现有技术相比，采集任务与采集方案下放至分布式数据汇集模块，然后通过集中数据汇集单元点抄各个分布式数据汇集模块，集中数据汇集单元生成文件上报采集主站，实现集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集模块并发异步抄读，大大提高用电数据的时效性，具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为适应竞争性电力市场准实时用电数据采集系统的系统架构；
图2为集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互的第一种情形；
图3为集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互的第二种情形；
图4为集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互的第三种情形；
图5为基于适应竞争性电力市场准实时用电数据采集系统的准实时用电数据采集方法。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本申请作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本申请的保护范围。
实施例1：一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，包括：分布式数据汇集单元、集中数据汇集单元和采集主站。
分布式数据汇集单元包括：下行通信模块、启动准实时数据采集任务模块、采集任务与采集方案配置模块、数据存储模块和HPLC通信子模块。
集中数据汇集单元包括：文件转换与上行通信模块、数据点抄模块、数据存储模块和HPLC通信主模块。
分布式数据汇集单元通过下行通信模块与智能电能表连接，集中数据汇集单元通过文件转换与上行通信模块与采集主站连接，集中数据汇集单元和若干个分布式数据汇集单元通过HPLC通信主模块和HPLC通信子模块组成的HPLC本地通信网络连接。
所属领域技术人员可以根据现场实际任意配置分布式数据汇集单元的下行通信模块，优选但不限于，下行通信模块为RS485通信或其他通信方式。
分布式数据汇集单元的采集任务与采集方案配置模块用于配置采集数据项参数与任务执行参数，包括但不限于，准实时采集任务，15分钟曲线任务，日冻结数据任务，月冻结数据任务；以及采集方案编号、存储深度、采集方式、电表集合、存储时标和用电数据标识。表1展示了任务配置方案，表2展示了三相表采集方案，表3展示了单相用户采集方案。
表1 任务配置方案
序号 任务ID 执行频率 方案类型 方案编号 延时 说明
1 1 1分钟 普通采集方案 1 0min 三相表采集任务
2 2 1天 普通采集方案 2 5min 三相表采集任务
3 3 1月 普通采集方案 3 5min 三相表采集任务
4 4 15分钟 普通采集方案 4 5min 三相表采集任务
5 5 1分钟 普通采集方案 5 0min 单相表采集任务
6 6 1天 普通采集方案 6 5min 单相表采集任务
7 7 1月 普通采集方案 7 5min 单相表采集任务
8 8 15分钟 普通采集方案 8 5min 单相表采集任务
表2 三相表采集方案
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000003
表3 单相用户采集方案
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000004
分布式数据汇集单元的启动准实时数据采集任务模块的功能包括：分布式数据汇集单元上电以后，下行通信模块采集电能表时钟并将其作分布式数据汇集单元时钟，分布式数据汇集单元的启动准实时数据采集任务模块启动15分钟曲线任务、日冻结数据任务、月冻结任务；同时分布式数据汇集单元的HPLC通信子模块与集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信 主模块进行组网与时钟同步交互，若收到HPLC通信主模块的时钟报文后，则分布式数据汇集单元的启动准实时数据采集任务模块启动准实时数据任务。
时钟同步报文扩展如下表4所示：
表4 新增报文ID
报文ID 含义 报文端口号
0x0070 时钟同步报文 0x11
时钟同步报文格式如下表5所示：
表5 HPLC通信模块时钟同步报文格式
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000005
协议版本号：本版本固定取值1。
报文头长度：表示报文长度。
RTC时钟：表示创建此报文时刻的RTC时钟，BCD编码，格式为YYMMDDhhmmss(小端序传输，无“周X”数据位)。
NTB时间：表示创建此报文时刻的全网NTB时间，单位NTB。
分布式数据汇集单元的数据存储模块用于将采集任务与采集方案配置模块中要求抄读的数据进行存储，采用FLASH存储器存储，确保掉电后数据不丢失，存储方式采用先进先出，循环存储。
集中数据汇集单元的数据点抄模块用于通过点名抄读报文启动分布式数据汇集单元中数据存储模块的数据上报，对于15分钟曲线任务、日冻结数据任务和月冻结数据任务采用面向对象数据交换协议常规上报规约报文上报，对于准实时数据任务采用精简上报规约报文上报，数据点抄的抄读与应答根据点抄数据交互流程执行。
集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信主模块用于与数据点抄模块通过并发抄表模式进行数据交互，HPLC通信主模块默认通信波特率参数A，集中数据汇集单元通过查询HPLC通信主模块是否支持更高波特率B，若支持则集中数据汇集单元自动将HPLC通信主模块波特率参数调整为B。
更具体地，HPLC通信主模块与数据点抄模块通过并发抄表模式进行数据交互，HPLC通信主模块默认通信波特率参数1，默认为9600bps，集中数据汇集单元通过查询HPLC通信主模块是否支持更高波特率参数2，扩展为115200bps，若支持则集中数据汇集单元自动将HPLC通信主模块波特率参数调整为参数2，即115200bps。
集中数据汇集单元的数据存储模块用于将数据点抄模块点抄回的数据进行FLASH存储器存储。
集中数据汇集单元的文件转换与上行通信模块用于将集中数据汇集单元的数据存储模块中的数据按照可配置的文件格式生成压缩文件，支持文件传输的数据获取与上报，一个优选但非限制性的实施方式为，利用SFTP传输协议进行数据 传输。
文件包含数据项：datetime(数据时间)、20000201(A相电压)、20000202(B相电压)、20000203(C相电压)、20010201(A相电流)、20010202(B相电流)、20010203(C相电流)、20010400(零线电流)等。
实时数据内容JSONArray第一个JSONObject表示测点数据列的列头，coloumnhead作为key值，数据项OAD编码+(中文意思)作为value值；JSONArray从第二个JSONObject开始是测点数据。数据格式如下所示：
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000006
在本申请的实施例中，所述分布式数据汇集单元、集中数据汇集单元分别可以是具有通信接口能够实现通信协议的一个或多个处理器或者芯片，如有需要还可以包括存储器及相关的接口、系统传输总线等；所述处理器或者芯片执行程序相关的代码实现相应的功能。所述HPLC通信子模块、下行通信模块分别可以是具有通信接口能够实现通信协议的一个或多个处理器或者芯片；所述采集任务与采集方案配置模块、启动准实时数据采集任务模块分别可以是一个或多个处理器或控制器；所述处理器、控制器或者芯片执行程序相关的代码实现相应的功能。所述文件转换与上行通信模块、HPLC通信主模块可以是具有通信接口能够实现通信协议的一个或多个处理器或者芯片；所述数据点抄模块可以是一个或多个处理器或控制器；所述处理器、控制器或者芯片执行程序相关的代码实现相应的功能。
实施例2：一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集方法
一种基于实施例1所述适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统的准实时数据采集方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，分布式数据汇集单元上电，分布式数据汇集单元的下行通信模块采集电能表时钟，并将其作分布式数据汇集单元时钟；
步骤2，分布式数据汇集单元的HPLC通信子模块与集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信主模块进行组网与时钟同步交互，若收到HPLC通信主模块的时钟报文后，则分布式数据汇集单元的启动准实时数据采集任务模块启动准实时数据任务。步骤2还包括：启动15分钟曲线任务、日冻结数据任务、月冻结任务。值得注意的是，所属领域技术人员可以根据 现场实际需求任意设置各任务的启动顺序，一个优选但非限制性的实施方式为，按照各任务的优先级顺序启动各任务。
步骤3，集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互。
集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互的第一种情形如图2所示，步骤3中点抄数据交互具体包括：
步骤3.1，集中数据汇集单元的数据点抄模块发送“点名开启”报文发送至分布式数据汇集单元；
步骤3.2，分布式数据汇集单元收到“点名开启”报文后，发送“数据上报”报文至数据点抄模块；
步骤3.3，数据点抄模块收到“数据上报”报文后，发送“上报确认”报文至分布式数据汇集单元；
步骤3.4，分布式数据汇集单元收到“上报确认”报文后，若有数据需要继续上报，则继续发送“数据上报”报文至数据点抄模块，并返回至步骤3.3；若无数据需要继续上报，则发送“数据上报否认/无后续帧”报文至数据点抄模块；
步骤3.5，数据点抄模块收到“数据上报否认/无后续帧”报文后，发送“点名关闭”报文至分布式数据汇集单元；
步骤3.6，分布式数据汇集单元收到“点名关闭”报文后，发送“点名关闭确认”报文至数据点抄模块；完成一轮点名抄读，返回至步骤3.1。
集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互的第二种情形如图3所示，分布式数据汇集单元发送“数据上报”报文至集中数据汇集单元时，若发生通信异常，上报数据发生异常丢包，数据点抄模块按照超时处理停止本轮点抄任务，返回至步骤3.1。
集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互的第三种情形如图4所示，集中数据汇集单元发送“上报确认”报文至分布式数据汇集单元时，若发生通信异常，上报数据发生异常丢包，数据点抄模块按照超时处理停止本轮点名抄读，返回至步骤3.1。
如图3、4所示，在下一轮点名抄读中，分布式数据汇集单元重新发送上一轮未上报成功的“数据上报”报文。
步骤4，集中数据汇集单元汇总若干分布式数据汇集单元的点抄数据，生成文件上报采集主站。
数据上报精简规约将复合数据拆解成单个数据项，然后再按照“记录型对象属性描述符OAD”、“记录选择描述符RSD”、“一行记录N列属性描述符ROAD”，“响应数据”顺序进行组帧，其中响应数据按照“记录列数据类型A-SimplifyRecordRowDataType”、“M条记录数据值SEQUENCE OFA-SimplifyRecordRow”顺序组帧。
全新设计的精简规约架构，对应用也做了约束，需要对用电信息采集领域的复合数据进行特殊约定，巧妙的运用这种传输方式可以提高传输效率。
精简规约如下：
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000007
A-ResultSimplifyRecord定义：
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000008
精简数据上报主要示例报文如下：
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000011
Figure PCTCN2021118341-appb-000012
本发明的有益效果在于，与现有技术相比，本发明提出一种适应竞争性电力市场准实时用电数据采集系统及方法，将采集任务与采集方案下放至分布式数据汇集模块，然后通过集中数据汇集单元点抄各个分布式数据汇集模块，点抄交互过程中准实时采集任务采用精简规约上报，实现多个电能表和多个数据项集中上报，充分利用HPLC通信信道，然后通过集中数据汇集单元生成文件上报采集主站，实现集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集模块并发异步抄读，大大提高用电数据的时效性，具有良好的应用前景。同时，全新设计了精简规约架构，而且对应用也做了约束，需要对用电信息采集领域的复合数据进行特殊约定，巧妙的运用这种传输方式可以提高传输效率。
本发明申请人结合说明书附图对本发明的实施示例做了详细的说明与描述，但是本领域技术人员应该理解，以上实施示例仅为本发明的优选实施方案，详尽的说明只是为了帮助读者更好地理解本发明精神，而并非对本发明保护范围的限制，相反，任何基于本发明的发明精神所作的任何改进或修饰都应当落在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，包括：分布式数据汇集单元、集中数据汇集单元和采集主站，其特征在于：
    分布式数据汇集单元通过其内部的下行通信模块与智能电能表连接，通过其内部的采集任务与采集方案配置模块配置采集数据项参数与任务执行参数，包括：准实时采集任务，15分钟曲线任务，日冻结数据任务，月冻结数据任务；
    集中数据汇集单元通过其内部的文件转换与上行通信模块与采集主站连接；
    集中数据汇集单元和若干个分布式数据汇集单元通过集中数据汇集单元内部的HPLC通信主模块和分布式数据汇集单元内部的HPLC通信子模块组成的HPLC本地通信网络连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    分布式数据汇集单元的采集任务与采集方案配置模块至少还用于配置采集方案编号、存储深度、采集方式、电表集合、存储时标和用电数据标识。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    分布式数据汇集单元还包括：启动准实时数据采集任务模块，所述启动准实时数据采集任务模块与采集任务与采集方案配置模块相连接，用于按照设定的顺序启动准实时采集任务，15分钟曲线任务，日冻结数据任务，月冻结数据任务。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    启动准实时数据采集任务模块经HPLC通信子模块接收HPLC通信主模块的时钟报文。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    集中数据汇集单元的数据存储模块和分布式数据汇集单元的数据存储模块均采用FLASH存储器。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    集中数据汇集单元包括：数据点抄模块，用于通过点名抄读报文启动分布式数据汇集单元中数据存储模块的数据上报。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信主模块用于与数据点抄模块通过并发抄表模式进行数据交互，HPLC通信主模块支持多种通信波特率参数，优先使用波特率高的参数进行通信。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统，其特征在于：
    集中数据汇集单元中的文件转换与上行通信模块用于将集中数据汇集单元的数据存储模块中的数据生成压缩文件，与采集主站进行数据交互。
  9. 一种基于权利要求1至8任一项所述的适应竞争性电力市场的准实时数据采集系统的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    步骤1，分布式数据汇集单元上电，分布式数据汇集单元的下行通信模块采集电能表时钟，并将其作分布式数据汇集单元时钟；
    步骤2，分布式数据汇集单元的HPLC通信子模块与集中数据汇集单元的HPLC通信主模块进行组网与时钟同步交互，若收到HPLC通信主模块的时钟报文后，则分布式数据汇集单元的启动准实时数据采集任务模块启动准实时数据任务；
    步骤3，集中数据汇集单元与分布式数据汇集单元使用HPLC通信信道进行点抄数据交互；
    步骤4，集中数据汇集单元汇总若干分布式数据汇集单元的点抄数据，生成文件上报采集主站。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：
    步骤2还包括：按照设定的启动顺序启动15分钟曲线任务、日冻结数据任务、月冻结任务。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：
    步骤3中点抄数据交互具体包括：
    步骤3.1，集中数据汇集单元的数据点抄模块发送“点名开启”报文发送至分布式数据汇集单元；
    步骤3.2，分布式数据汇集单元收到“点名开启”报文后，发送“数据上报”报文至数据点抄模块；
    步骤3.3，数据点抄模块收到“数据上报”报文后，发送“上报确认”报文至分布式数据汇集单元；
    步骤3.4，分布式数据汇集单元收到“上报确认”报文后，若有数据需要继续上报，则继续发送“数据上报”报文至数据点抄模块，并返回至步骤3.3；若无数据需要继续上报，则发送“数据上报否认/无后续帧”报文至数据点抄模块；
    步骤3.5，数据点抄模块收到“数据上报否认/无后续帧”报文后，发送“点名关闭”报文至分布式数据汇集单元；
    步骤3.6，分布式数据汇集单元收到“点名关闭”报文后，发送“点名关闭确认”报文至数据点抄模块；完成一轮点名抄读，返回至步骤3.1。
  12. 根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：
    步骤3中，分布式数据汇集单元发送“数据上报”报文至集中数据汇集单元时，若发生通信异常，上报数据发生异常丢包，数据点抄模块按照超时处理停止本轮点抄任务，返回至步骤3.1，在下一轮点名抄读中，分布式数据汇集单元重新发送上一轮未上报成功的“数据上报”报文。
  13. 根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：
    步骤3中，集中数据汇集单元发送“上报确认”报文至分布式数据汇集单元时，若发生通信异常，上报数据发生异常丢包，数据点抄模块按照超时处理停止本轮点名抄读，返回至步骤3.1，在下一轮点名抄读中，分布式数据汇集单元重新发送上一轮未上报成功的“数据上报”报文。
  14. 根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：
    步骤4中，集中数据汇集单元以数据上报精简规约上报采集主站，数据上报精简规约按照记录型对象属性描述符OAD、记录选择描述符RSD、一行记录N列属性描述符ROAD和响应数据的顺序进行组帧。
  15. 根据权利要求9至14中任一项所述的准实时数据采集方法，其特征在于：
    步骤4中，响应数据按照记录列数据类型、多条记录数据值的顺序组帧。
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