WO2022047384A1 - Systems and methods for analyzing multiphase production fluids - Google Patents

Systems and methods for analyzing multiphase production fluids Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022047384A1
WO2022047384A1 PCT/US2021/048455 US2021048455W WO2022047384A1 WO 2022047384 A1 WO2022047384 A1 WO 2022047384A1 US 2021048455 W US2021048455 W US 2021048455W WO 2022047384 A1 WO2022047384 A1 WO 2022047384A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluidic
separation chamber
production fluid
supply
phase column
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PCT/US2021/048455
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French (fr)
Inventor
Jose Oliverio Alvarez
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Saudi Arabian Oil Co
Aramco Services Co
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Saudi Arabian Oil Co
Aramco Services Co
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Publication of WO2022047384A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022047384A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/18—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for measuring the quantity of conveyed product
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/08—Air or gas separators in combination with liquid meters; Liquid separators in combination with gas-meters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/34—Arrangements for separating materials produced by the well
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D3/00—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
    • F17D3/03—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of several different products following one another in the same conduit, e.g. for switching from one receiving tank to another
    • F17D3/05—Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of several different products following one another in the same conduit, e.g. for switching from one receiving tank to another the different products not being separated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
    • G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
    • G01N33/2841—Gas in oils, e.g. hydrogen in insulating oils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the analysis of multiphase production fluids and, more particularly, to the analysis of multiphase flow in the oil and gas industries, where multiphase flow often involves the simultaneous flow of oil, water and gas.
  • Multiphase flow occurs in almost all producing oil and gas wells and surface pipes that transport produced fluids.
  • the present disclosure introduces a novel way to obtain fluid volume fractions and gas/liquid flow rates in a multiphase production fluid.
  • the system does not require calibration and can give results that are very close to ground truth measurements.
  • the systems and methodology of the present disclosure contemplate the use of a relatively large fluidic separation chamber that can be coupled to a surface production pipe carrying the multiphase production fluid.
  • systems for analyzing a multiphase production fluid comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit.
  • the fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber.
  • the inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber.
  • the separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to (i) communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, (ii) communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber, (iii) communicate with the fluidic separation detector to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and (iv) convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
  • the aforementioned communication may be one-way or two-way communication.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column and calculates an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Embodiments are also contemplated where the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase column are measured and used to calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns.
  • the present disclosure introduces methodology for analyzing a multiphase production fluid by supplying an inert gas to a vertically-oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid.
  • a multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve and the pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, is stabilized utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve.
  • a fluidic separation detector and a fluidic supply and analysis unit are utilized to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit transitions the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber. As these complete phases are formed, the fluidic supply and analysis unit communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column, and calculates an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • the fluidic separation chamber is not transitioned to the static state until after a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber.
  • This allows the fluidic supply and analysis unit to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase columns, and calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates systems and methodology for analyzing a multiphase production fluid according to the present disclosure.
  • a system 100 for analyzing a multiphase production fluid may comprise fluidic piping 10, a production fluid supply valve 20 a fluidic separation chamber 30, an inert gas exhaust valve 40, a separation chamber pressure sensor 50, a fluidic separation detector 60, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit 70.
  • the production fluid supply valve 20 can be used to divert multiphase production fluid 25 from a surface production conduit of, for example, an oil or gas production operation.
  • the fluidic piping 10 is configured to supply multiphase production fluid 25 from the production fluid supply valve 20 to the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the inert gas exhaust valve 40 is configured to exhaust inert gas 45 from the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the inert gas 45 which may be supplied via an inert gas supply valve 42, has a lower density than the gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid.
  • the inert gas may comprise helium, neon, or combinations thereof.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 is in communication with the production fluid supply valve 20, the inert gas exhaust valve 40, the separation chamber pressure sensor 50, and potentially, other components of the system 100, as will be described in further detail below.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the production fluid supply valve 20 to supply multiphase production fluid 25 to the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 also communicates with the separation chamber pressure sensor 50, which is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber 30, and the inert gas exhaust valve 40, to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber 30. Additionally, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the fluidic separation detector 60 to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column 25 G of the multiphase production fluid 25 in the fluidic separation chamber 30, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column 25 G to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
  • the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column 25 G is converted to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column 25G resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column 25G can be converted to the production fluid gas flow rate QG in a variety of ways, in one embodiment, it is converted by (i) measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column 25G over a time At, (ii) calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber 30, and (iii) calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs.
  • the gravitational separation rate Qs can be a predetermined value that is obtained from a sample of the multiphase production fluid and helps account for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column 25 G resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber 30. To ensure the accuracy of this conversion, it can be helpful to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25G resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30 over the time At. In other words, a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid 25 should be introduced into the system 100, via the production fluid supply valve 20, to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25 G resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30 over the time At.
  • a baseline liquid supply valve 80 in the system 100.
  • a heavy water, or heavier-than- water, baseline liquid 85 can be used to move a fixed volume of the multiphase production fluid 25 into the fluidic separation chamber 30, as is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to supply sufficient volumes of the multiphase production fluid 25 and the baseline liquid 85 to the fluidic separation chamber 30 via the production fluid supply valve 20 and the baseline liquid supply valve 80 to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25 G resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30 over the time At.
  • the present inventors have recognized distinct diagnostic improvements if laminar flow in the multiphase production fluid 25 is preserved in the fluidic piping 10. For example, with laminar flow, it is contemplated that gravitational separation in the fluidic separation chamber 30 will be enhanced, and may occur more rapidly, if laminar flow is maintained. This also helps keep the required height of the fluidic separation chamber 30 from becoming too large because particular diagnostic modes of the present disclosure require extended active flow regimes where a specific degree of separation is required. To this end, it may be preferable to configure the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 to maintain a preferred pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30. This pressure drop can be measured with the aid of the separation chamber pressure sensor 50.
  • suitable pressure drops are contemplated by the present disclosure, e.g., up to about 1000 kPa, in practice, the pressure drop will depend on the length of the fluidic separation chamber 30, particularly where it is vertically oriented.
  • suitable pressure drops may be between 500 kPa and 1000 kPa, as this would be more likely to maintain the average velocity of the multiphase production fluid low enough to keep the flow laminar (Re ⁇ 3000).
  • the length of the fluidic separation chamber is shorter, e.g., about 10 meters in height, then a smaller pressure drop would be required to reduce the velocity even more and give time for the phases to have measurable separation in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • a 10 meter fluidic separation chamber may require a pressure drop of less than 10 kPa.
  • Longer fluidic separation chambers, e.g., about 50 meters in height may require pressure drops of about 700 KPa.
  • the aforementioned pressure drop can be maintained by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve 40, the production fluid supply valve 20, or both.
  • the average velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system 100 is maintained so that it is less than about 0.5 m/s.
  • the separation chamber pressure sensor 50 can be positioned in the fluidic separation chamber 30 to sense gas pressure of the inert gas 45 in the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 is placed in communication with the pressure sensor 50 and can be configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber 30 by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve 40. Pressure can also be stabilized by controlling the rate at which multiphase production fluid 25 is supplied via the production fluid supply valve 20. In any case, it is contemplated that the pressure can be stabilized by holding the gas pressure constant, or by controlling the pressure in some other diagnostically recognizable way, to enable analysis. In other words, a "stabilized" pressure need not be a constant pressure.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which the baseline liquid 85 is supplied to the fluidic piping 10 via the baseline liquid supply valve 80.
  • the various valves described herein i.e., the production fluid supply valve 20, the inert gas exhaust valve 40, and the baseline liquid supply valve 80, may be continuously variable valves defining a wide range of admissible flow rates, or more simple valves that merely transition between "on" and "off' states.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to provide volume fraction data by transitioning the fluidic separation chamber 30 to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column 25 G and a complete oil phase column 250 are formed within the fluidic separation chamber 30. Once formed, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the fluidic separation detector 60 to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column 25G and the complete oil phase column 250. Oil/gas volume fractions can be calculated as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns 25G, 250 in the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the complete oil phase column 250 may comprise an oil/water emulsion, particularly if the properties of the multiphase production fluid are such that complete separation of the oil and water phases by gravity is not practical.
  • This emulsification factor can be obtained experimentally using demulsifiers.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 will calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a growth rate of the gaseous phase column 25 G, the oil phase column 250, or both, drops below a growth rate threshold.
  • the oil/gas volume fraction will be calculated after a threshold separation time has elapsed, or after the oil phase column 250 and the gaseous phase column 25G have reached between about 50% and about 80% of their fully separated sizes.
  • the calculated oil/gas volume fractions may represent absolute or proportional volumes of oil and gas in the fluidic separation chamber 30. More specifically, embodiments are contemplated where the oil/gas volume fraction represents respective oil and gas volumes relative to each other, or relative to a total volume of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber 30 to a static state by stopping the supply of multiphase production fluid 25 via the production fluid supply valve 20.
  • the system 100 further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve 80, and the fluidic piping 10 supplies baseline liquid 85 from the baseline liquid supply valve 80
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber 30 to a static state by replacing the supply of multiphase production fluid 25 with baseline liquid 85 and subsequently stopping the supply of baseline liquid 85.
  • oil/gas/water volume fractions can be calculated as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns 25G, 250, 25W in the fluidic separation chamber 30. More specifically, The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber 30 to the aforementioned static state after a complete gaseous phase column 25 G, a complete oil phase column 250, and a complete water phase column 25W are formed within the fluidic separation chamber 30, as is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column 25 G, the complete oil phase column 250, and the complete water phase column 25W, and calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns 25G, 250, 25W in the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo and a production fluid water flow rate QH2O as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O.
  • a 30 meter fluidic separation chamber 30 will be large enough to accommodate the necessary entry and separation of the multiphase production fluid 25 in the fluidic separation chamber 30. Shorter chamber lengths will be suitable for lower flow rates, or if less time is needed to ensure sufficient separation.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to communicate with the baseline liquid supply valve 80 to replace the supply of multiphase production fluid 25 with baseline liquid 85.
  • the baseline liquid 85 can be used to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25G, a complete oil phase column 250, and/or a complete water phase column 25W will resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • the system 100 may further comprise a production fluid drain valve 55, and the fluidic piping 10 may be configured to drain production fluid from the fluidic separation chamber 30 through the production fluid drain valve 55. In this manner, separated fluids may be returned to the production system through the production fluid drain valve 20. Alternatively, it is contemplated that separated fluids may be returned through the baseline liquid supply valve 80.
  • the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30 are merely illustrated schematically in Fig. 1, it is contemplated that the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30 may comprise cylindrical piping of matching cross sectional dimensions. In many embodiments, it will also be preferable to ensure that the fluidic separation chamber 30 comprises an optically transparent cylindrical pipe, as this will enhance the ability of particular types of fluidic separation detectors 60, like an optical vision system defining a field of view encompassing the transparent pipe, to provide meaningful separation data. It will also be advantageous, in many embodiments, to ensure that the fluidic separation chamber 30 is vertically oriented and the system is configured such that the multiphase production fluid 25 assumes a vertical orientation in the fluidic separation chamber 30, as this will enhance gravitational phase separation.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 may be presented in a variety of configurations.
  • the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 may comprise a fluidic separation detection module 72, a fluidic metering module 74, and a programmable controller 76.
  • the fluidic separation detection module 72 would be in communication with the fluidic separation detector 60.
  • the fluidic metering module 74 would be in communication with the production fluid supply valve 25, the inert gas exhaust valve 40, and the separation chamber pressure sensor 50.
  • the fluidic separation detection module 72 and the fluidic metering module 74 would be in communication with the programmable controller 76.
  • the stated modules would comprise memory and other electronic components suited to complement the functionality of the corresponding detector(s), valve(s), and sensor(s) with which they communicate.
  • the functionality of the stated modules and controller could be accommodated in a single, programmable unit or control hub.
  • the system 100 may comprise a plurality of fluidic separation detectors 60, as is illustrated in Fig. 1, where a plurality of fluidic separation detectors 60 are arranged along a longitudinal dimension of the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • a variety of detectors 60 will be suitable for providing useful phase movement and separation data to the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70.
  • Contemplated detectors may be presented as passive or active sensors. For example, and not by way of limitation, a non-illuminating vision system or a temperature/gas sensor array could be used as passive sensors to observe the multiphase production fluid to facilitate the aforementioned growth rate monitoring.
  • Active sensors include, but are not limited to, microwave or acoustic transceivers, or an illuminating vision system including one or more high speed cameras.
  • these detectors 60 can be arranged along the fluidic separation chamber by positioning them outside of the chamber body, or may be embedded in the chamber body, in contact, or noncontact, with the fluid receiving space of the fluidic separation chamber 30.
  • a characteristic of the subject matter of the present disclosure being a “function of’ a parameter, variable, or other characteristic is not intended to denote that the characteristic is exclusively a function of the listed parameter, variable, or characteristic. Rather, reference herein to a characteristic that is a “function” of a listed parameter, variable, etc., is intended to be open ended such that the characteristic may be a function of a single parameter, variable, etc., or a plurality of parameters, variables, etc.
  • a first aspect may include a system for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, the system comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit, in which: the fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; the inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber; the separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize
  • a second aspect may include a method for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, the method comprising: supplying an inert gas to a vertically-oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid; supplying at least a portion of the multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve; stabilizing a pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, as the multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve; monitoring a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
  • a third aspect may include a system for calculating an oil/gas volume fraction of a multiphase production fluid, the system comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit, in which: the fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; the inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber; the separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber, transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a
  • a fourth aspect may include a method for calculating an oil/gas volume fraction of a multiphase production fluid, the method comprising: supplying an inert gas to a vertically- oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid; supplying at least a portion of the multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve, stabilizing a pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, as the multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve; transitioning the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber; measuring the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column; and calculating an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to convert the growth rate of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by: measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column over a time At; calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber; and calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs, which accounts for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to supply a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to supply sufficient volumes of multiphase production fluid and baseline liquid to the fluidic separation chamber via the production fluid supply valve and the baseline liquid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to maintain laminar multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping, by maintaining a pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber, as measured by the separation chamber pressure sensor, less than about 1000 kPa.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the pressure drop is maintained by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve, the production fluid supply valve, or both.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the pressure drop is further maintained by controlling the average flow velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system less than about 0.5 m/s.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to keep multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber slow enough to ensure that at least 50% of the volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column in the fluidic separation chamber is a result of gravitational forces.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the separation chamber pressure sensor is positioned in the fluidic separation chamber to sense gas pressure of an inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize the pressure of the inert gas.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which multiphase production fluid is supplied via the production fluid supply valve.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which a baseline liquid is supplied to the fluidic piping via the baseline liquid supply valve.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by holding the gas pressure constant.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to: transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber; communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column; and calculate an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a growth rate of the gaseous phase column, the oil phase column, or both, drops below a growth rate threshold.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a threshold separation time has elapsed.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after the oil phase column and the gaseous phase column have reached between about 50% and about 80% of their fully separated sizes.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the oil/gas volume fraction represents absolute or proportional volumes of oil and gas in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the oil/gas volume fraction represents respective oil and gas volumes relative to each other, or relative to a total volume of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the production fluid oil flow rate Qo as follows:
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state by stopping the supply of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic piping is configured to supply baseline liquid from the baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the baseline liquid supply valve and is configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state by replacing the supply of multiphase production fluid with baseline liquid and subsequently stopping the supply of baseline liquid.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to: transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber; communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase column; and calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo and a production fluid water flow rate QH2O as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic piping is configured to supply baseline liquid from the baseline liquid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the baseline liquid supply valve and is configured to replace the supply of multiphase production fluid with baseline liquid.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column reside within the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column reside within the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber comprise cylindrical piping of matching cross sectional dimensions.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic separation chamber comprises an optically transparent cylindrical pipe.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic separation chamber is vertically oriented and the system is configured such that the multiphase production fluid assumes a vertical orientation in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the system comprises a plurality of fluidic separation detectors.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the plurality of fluidic separation detectors are arranged along a longitudinal dimension of the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic separation detector comprises a vision system defining a field of view that encompasses an optically transparent portion of the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit converts the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit converts the growth rate of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by: measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column over a time At; calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber; and calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs, which accounts for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit supplies a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit supplies sufficient volumes of multiphase production fluid and a baseline liquid to the fluidic separation chamber via the production fluid supply valve and a baseline liquid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit maintains laminar multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping by maintaining a pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber, as measured by the separation chamber pressure sensor, less than about 1000 kPa, and an average flow velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system less than about 0.5 m/s.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit stabilizes gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve, controlling a rate at which multiphase production fluid is supplied via the production fluid supply valve, or both.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit stabilizes gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling a rate at which a baseline liquid is supplied to the fluidic piping via a baseline liquid supply valve.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit (i) transitions the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber, (ii) communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column, and (iii) calculates an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a growth rate of the gaseous phase column, the oil phase column, or both, drops below a growth rate threshold or after a threshold separation time has elapsed.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit transitions the fluidic separation chamber to a static state by replacing the supply of multiphase production fluid with a baseline liquid and subsequently stopping the supply of baseline liquid.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to (i) transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber, (ii) communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase columns, and (iii) calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
  • Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the complete oil phase column comprises an oil/water emulsion; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction as a function of an emulsification factor representing a volumetric proportion of the oil/water emulsion that is attributable to oil.

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Abstract

System and methods for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, calculating production fluid phase flow rates, and calculating an oil/gas and oil/gas/water volume fractions of the multiphase production fluid, are provided. Contemplated systems and method may utilize fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANALYZING MULTIPHASE PRODUCTION FLUIDS
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 63/072,358, filed on August 31, 2020, entitled "SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ANALYZING MULTIPHASE PRODUCTION FLUIDS", the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in the present disclosure.
BACKGROUND
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the analysis of multiphase production fluids and, more particularly, to the analysis of multiphase flow in the oil and gas industries, where multiphase flow often involves the simultaneous flow of oil, water and gas.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0003] Multiphase flow occurs in almost all producing oil and gas wells and surface pipes that transport produced fluids. The present disclosure introduces a novel way to obtain fluid volume fractions and gas/liquid flow rates in a multiphase production fluid. The system does not require calibration and can give results that are very close to ground truth measurements. Generally, the systems and methodology of the present disclosure contemplate the use of a relatively large fluidic separation chamber that can be coupled to a surface production pipe carrying the multiphase production fluid.
[0004] Generally, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, systems for analyzing a multiphase production fluid are provided comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit. The fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber. The inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber. The separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber. The fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to (i) communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, (ii) communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber, (iii) communicate with the fluidic separation detector to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and (iv) convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG. The aforementioned communication may be one-way or two-way communication.
[0005] The fluidic supply and analysis unit can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber. In the static state, the fluidic supply and analysis unit communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column and calculates an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber. Embodiments are also contemplated where the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase column are measured and used to calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns.
[0006] Generally, in accordance with other embodiments, the present disclosure introduces methodology for analyzing a multiphase production fluid by supplying an inert gas to a vertically-oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid. A multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve and the pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, is stabilized utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve. A fluidic separation detector and a fluidic supply and analysis unit are utilized to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
[0007] According to further embodiments, the fluidic supply and analysis unit transitions the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber. As these complete phases are formed, the fluidic supply and analysis unit communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column, and calculates an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0008] In further embodiments, the fluidic separation chamber is not transitioned to the static state until after a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber. This allows the fluidic supply and analysis unit to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase columns, and calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
[0009] The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present disclosure can be best understood when read in conjunction with the following drawing, where like structure is indicated with like reference numerals and in which:
[0010] Fig. 1 illustrates systems and methodology for analyzing a multiphase production fluid according to the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0011] Referring to Fig. 1, a system 100 for analyzing a multiphase production fluid according to the present disclosure may comprise fluidic piping 10, a production fluid supply valve 20 a fluidic separation chamber 30, an inert gas exhaust valve 40, a separation chamber pressure sensor 50, a fluidic separation detector 60, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit 70. The production fluid supply valve 20 can be used to divert multiphase production fluid 25 from a surface production conduit of, for example, an oil or gas production operation.
[0012] The fluidic piping 10 is configured to supply multiphase production fluid 25 from the production fluid supply valve 20 to the fluidic separation chamber 30. The inert gas exhaust valve 40 is configured to exhaust inert gas 45 from the fluidic separation chamber 30. The inert gas 45, which may be supplied via an inert gas supply valve 42, has a lower density than the gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid. For example, the inert gas may comprise helium, neon, or combinations thereof.
[0013] The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 is in communication with the production fluid supply valve 20, the inert gas exhaust valve 40, the separation chamber pressure sensor 50, and potentially, other components of the system 100, as will be described in further detail below.
The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the production fluid supply valve 20 to supply multiphase production fluid 25 to the fluidic separation chamber 30. The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 also communicates with the separation chamber pressure sensor 50, which is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber 30, and the inert gas exhaust valve 40, to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber 30. Additionally, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the fluidic separation detector 60 to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column 25 G of the multiphase production fluid 25 in the fluidic separation chamber 30, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column 25 G to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
[0014] In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column 25 G is converted to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column 25G resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber 30. This gravitational separation can be optimized by ensuring that the fluidic separation chamber 30 is vertically oriented, and can be represented as QG=QC-QS
[0015] Although the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column 25G can be converted to the production fluid gas flow rate QG in a variety of ways, in one embodiment, it is converted by (i) measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column 25G over a time At, (ii) calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber 30, and (iii) calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs. The gravitational separation rate Qs can be a predetermined value that is obtained from a sample of the multiphase production fluid and helps account for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column 25 G resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber 30. To ensure the accuracy of this conversion, it can be helpful to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25G resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30 over the time At. In other words, a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid 25 should be introduced into the system 100, via the production fluid supply valve 20, to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25 G resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30 over the time At.
[0016] In some embodiments, it may be preferable to include a baseline liquid supply valve 80 in the system 100. In such embodiments, a heavy water, or heavier-than- water, baseline liquid 85 can be used to move a fixed volume of the multiphase production fluid 25 into the fluidic separation chamber 30, as is illustrated in Fig. 1. More specifically, the supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to supply sufficient volumes of the multiphase production fluid 25 and the baseline liquid 85 to the fluidic separation chamber 30 via the production fluid supply valve 20 and the baseline liquid supply valve 80 to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25 G resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30 over the time At.
[0017] The present inventors have recognized distinct diagnostic improvements if laminar flow in the multiphase production fluid 25 is preserved in the fluidic piping 10. For example, with laminar flow, it is contemplated that gravitational separation in the fluidic separation chamber 30 will be enhanced, and may occur more rapidly, if laminar flow is maintained. This also helps keep the required height of the fluidic separation chamber 30 from becoming too large because particular diagnostic modes of the present disclosure require extended active flow regimes where a specific degree of separation is required. To this end, it may be preferable to configure the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 to maintain a preferred pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30. This pressure drop can be measured with the aid of the separation chamber pressure sensor 50. Although a wide range of suitable pressure drops are contemplated by the present disclosure, e.g., up to about 1000 kPa, in practice, the pressure drop will depend on the length of the fluidic separation chamber 30, particularly where it is vertically oriented. For example, and not by way of limitation, with a fluidic separation chamber 30 having a length in the range of 30m to 100m, suitable pressure drops may be between 500 kPa and 1000 kPa, as this would be more likely to maintain the average velocity of the multiphase production fluid low enough to keep the flow laminar (Re<3000). If, for logistical reasons, the length of the fluidic separation chamber is shorter, e.g., about 10 meters in height, then a smaller pressure drop would be required to reduce the velocity even more and give time for the phases to have measurable separation in the fluidic separation chamber. For example, a 10 meter fluidic separation chamber may require a pressure drop of less than 10 kPa. Longer fluidic separation chambers, e.g., about 50 meters in height may require pressure drops of about 700 KPa.
[0018] The aforementioned pressure drop can be maintained by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve 40, the production fluid supply valve 20, or both. Depending on the fluid content, the average velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system 100 is maintained so that it is less than about 0.5 m/s. In some embodiments, it will be sufficient to ensure that the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 is configured to keep multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30 slow enough to ensure that at least 50% of the volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column 25 G in the fluidic separation chamber 30 is a result of gravitational forces.
[0019] To help stabilize the pressure drop, the separation chamber pressure sensor 50 can be positioned in the fluidic separation chamber 30 to sense gas pressure of the inert gas 45 in the fluidic separation chamber 30. The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 is placed in communication with the pressure sensor 50 and can be configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber 30 by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve 40. Pressure can also be stabilized by controlling the rate at which multiphase production fluid 25 is supplied via the production fluid supply valve 20. In any case, it is contemplated that the pressure can be stabilized by holding the gas pressure constant, or by controlling the pressure in some other diagnostically recognizable way, to enable analysis. In other words, a "stabilized" pressure need not be a constant pressure.
[0020] In embodiments where a baseline liquid 85 is available for introduction via the baseline liquid supply valve 80, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which the baseline liquid 85 is supplied to the fluidic piping 10 via the baseline liquid supply valve 80. Depending on the particular control scheme used to control gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber 30, the various valves described herein, i.e., the production fluid supply valve 20, the inert gas exhaust valve 40, and the baseline liquid supply valve 80, may be continuously variable valves defining a wide range of admissible flow rates, or more simple valves that merely transition between "on" and "off' states. [0021] The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to provide volume fraction data by transitioning the fluidic separation chamber 30 to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column 25 G and a complete oil phase column 250 are formed within the fluidic separation chamber 30. Once formed, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the fluidic separation detector 60 to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column 25G and the complete oil phase column 250. Oil/gas volume fractions can be calculated as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns 25G, 250 in the fluidic separation chamber 30.
[0022] In some cases, the complete oil phase column 250 may comprise an oil/water emulsion, particularly if the properties of the multiphase production fluid are such that complete separation of the oil and water phases by gravity is not practical. In such cases, it may be advantageous to configure the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction as a function of an emulsification factor that can be used to estimate the respective volumetric proportions of the oil and water phases of the oil/water emulsion forming the complete oil phase column 250. This emulsification factor can be obtained experimentally using demulsifiers.
[0023] Those practicing the concepts of the present disclosure will appreciate that a number of different factors can be used to determine if the gas and oil columns 25G, 250 are "complete." For example, in some embodiments, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 will calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a growth rate of the gaseous phase column 25 G, the oil phase column 250, or both, drops below a growth rate threshold. In other embodiments, the oil/gas volume fraction will be calculated after a threshold separation time has elapsed, or after the oil phase column 250 and the gaseous phase column 25G have reached between about 50% and about 80% of their fully separated sizes. More specifically, although it may be advantageous to ensure substantially complete separation of the oil and gas phases of the production fluid 25 in the fluidic separation chamber 30, because of time constraints, in many embodiments, where the volume of a water/oil emulsion is not expected to be considerable, it may be sufficient to ensure that the oil phase column 250 and the gaseous phase column 25 G have merely reached a degree of separation that is diagnostically significant.
[0024] It is also noted that the calculated oil/gas volume fractions according to the present disclosure may represent absolute or proportional volumes of oil and gas in the fluidic separation chamber 30. More specifically, embodiments are contemplated where the oil/gas volume fraction represents respective oil and gas volumes relative to each other, or relative to a total volume of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0025] Given a calculated volume fraction, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG. More specifically, as QO=QG(VO/VG).
[0026] The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber 30 to a static state by stopping the supply of multiphase production fluid 25 via the production fluid supply valve 20. In embodiments where the system 100 further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve 80, and the fluidic piping 10 supplies baseline liquid 85 from the baseline liquid supply valve 80, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber 30 to a static state by replacing the supply of multiphase production fluid 25 with baseline liquid 85 and subsequently stopping the supply of baseline liquid 85.
[0027] In additional embodiments, oil/gas/water volume fractions can be calculated as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns 25G, 250, 25W in the fluidic separation chamber 30. More specifically, The fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber 30 to the aforementioned static state after a complete gaseous phase column 25 G, a complete oil phase column 250, and a complete water phase column 25W are formed within the fluidic separation chamber 30, as is illustrated in Fig. 1. Once formed, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column 25 G, the complete oil phase column 250, and the complete water phase column 25W, and calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns 25G, 250, 25W in the fluidic separation chamber 30. In such embodiments, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo and a production fluid water flow rate QH2O as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O. For example, in one embodiment, where a 2-3 meter column of the multiphase production fluid 25 is supplied at a rate of approximately 0.2 m/s, through supply and separation pipe of about 4 inches in diameter, given a separation time of about 2 minutes, a 30 meter fluidic separation chamber 30 will be large enough to accommodate the necessary entry and separation of the multiphase production fluid 25 in the fluidic separation chamber 30. Shorter chamber lengths will be suitable for lower flow rates, or if less time is needed to ensure sufficient separation.
[0028] As is implied above, in embodiments where a baseline liquid 85 is supplied via a baseline liquid supply valve 80, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 can be configured to communicate with the baseline liquid supply valve 80 to replace the supply of multiphase production fluid 25 with baseline liquid 85. In this manner, the baseline liquid 85 can be used to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column 25G, a complete oil phase column 250, and/or a complete water phase column 25W will resides within the fluidic separation chamber 30.
[0029] As is illustrated in Fig. 1, the system 100 may further comprise a production fluid drain valve 55, and the fluidic piping 10 may be configured to drain production fluid from the fluidic separation chamber 30 through the production fluid drain valve 55. In this manner, separated fluids may be returned to the production system through the production fluid drain valve 20. Alternatively, it is contemplated that separated fluids may be returned through the baseline liquid supply valve 80.
[0030] Although the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30 are merely illustrated schematically in Fig. 1, it is contemplated that the fluidic piping 10 and the fluidic separation chamber 30 may comprise cylindrical piping of matching cross sectional dimensions. In many embodiments, it will also be preferable to ensure that the fluidic separation chamber 30 comprises an optically transparent cylindrical pipe, as this will enhance the ability of particular types of fluidic separation detectors 60, like an optical vision system defining a field of view encompassing the transparent pipe, to provide meaningful separation data. It will also be advantageous, in many embodiments, to ensure that the fluidic separation chamber 30 is vertically oriented and the system is configured such that the multiphase production fluid 25 assumes a vertical orientation in the fluidic separation chamber 30, as this will enhance gravitational phase separation.
[0031] As will be appreciated by those familiar with fluidic control systems and fluidic detection, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 may be presented in a variety of configurations. For example, and not by way of limitation, the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70 may comprise a fluidic separation detection module 72, a fluidic metering module 74, and a programmable controller 76. In such embodiments, the fluidic separation detection module 72 would be in communication with the fluidic separation detector 60. In addition, the fluidic metering module 74 would be in communication with the production fluid supply valve 25, the inert gas exhaust valve 40, and the separation chamber pressure sensor 50. Collectively, the fluidic separation detection module 72 and the fluidic metering module 74 would be in communication with the programmable controller 76. In these types of implementations, it is contemplated that the stated modules would comprise memory and other electronic components suited to complement the functionality of the corresponding detector(s), valve(s), and sensor(s) with which they communicate. Alternatively, the functionality of the stated modules and controller could be accommodated in a single, programmable unit or control hub.
[0032] Those practicing the present invention, and familiar with fluidic detection will appreciate that the system 100 may comprise a plurality of fluidic separation detectors 60, as is illustrated in Fig. 1, where a plurality of fluidic separation detectors 60 are arranged along a longitudinal dimension of the fluidic separation chamber 30. In addition, it is contemplated that a variety of detectors 60 will be suitable for providing useful phase movement and separation data to the fluidic supply and analysis unit 70. Contemplated detectors may be presented as passive or active sensors. For example, and not by way of limitation, a non-illuminating vision system or a temperature/gas sensor array could be used as passive sensors to observe the multiphase production fluid to facilitate the aforementioned growth rate monitoring. Active sensors include, but are not limited to, microwave or acoustic transceivers, or an illuminating vision system including one or more high speed cameras. Depending on the sensing technology utilized, these detectors 60 can be arranged along the fluidic separation chamber by positioning them outside of the chamber body, or may be embedded in the chamber body, in contact, or noncontact, with the fluid receiving space of the fluidic separation chamber 30.
[0033] For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention, it is noted that reference herein to a characteristic of the subject matter of the present disclosure being a “function of’ a parameter, variable, or other characteristic is not intended to denote that the characteristic is exclusively a function of the listed parameter, variable, or characteristic. Rather, reference herein to a characteristic that is a “function” of a listed parameter, variable, etc., is intended to be open ended such that the characteristic may be a function of a single parameter, variable, etc., or a plurality of parameters, variables, etc. [0034] It is noted that recitations herein of a component of the present disclosure being "configured" in a particular way, to embody a particular property, or to function in a particular manner, are structural recitations, as opposed to recitations of intended use. More specifically, the references herein to the manner in which a component is "configured" denotes an existing physical condition of the component and, as such, is to be taken as a definite recitation of the structural characteristics of the component.
[0035] It is noted that terms like “preferably,” “commonly,” and “typically,” when utilized herein, are not utilized to limit the scope of the claimed invention or to imply that certain features are critical, essential, or even important to the structure or function of the claimed invention. Rather, these terms are merely intended to identify particular aspects of an embodiment of the present disclosure or to emphasize alternative or additional features that may or may not be utilized in a particular embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0036] For the purposes of describing and defining the present invention it is noted that the terms “substantially” and “approximately” are utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. The terms “substantially” and “approximately” are also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue.
[0037] The presently described subject matter may include one or more aspects, which should not be regarded as limiting on the teaching of the present disclosure. A first aspect may include a system for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, the system comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit, in which: the fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; the inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber; the separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the fluidic separation detector to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
[0038] A second aspect may include a method for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, the method comprising: supplying an inert gas to a vertically-oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid; supplying at least a portion of the multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve; stabilizing a pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, as the multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve; monitoring a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
[0039] A third aspect may include a system for calculating an oil/gas volume fraction of a multiphase production fluid, the system comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit, in which: the fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; the inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber; the separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber, transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column; and calculate an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0040] A fourth aspect may include a method for calculating an oil/gas volume fraction of a multiphase production fluid, the method comprising: supplying an inert gas to a vertically- oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid; supplying at least a portion of the multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve, stabilizing a pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, as the multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve; transitioning the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber; measuring the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column; and calculating an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0041] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0042] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein QG=QC-QS
[0043] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to convert the growth rate of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by: measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column over a time At; calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber; and calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs, which accounts for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber. [0044] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to supply a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
[0045] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to supply sufficient volumes of multiphase production fluid and baseline liquid to the fluidic separation chamber via the production fluid supply valve and the baseline liquid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
[0046] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to maintain laminar multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping, by maintaining a pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber, as measured by the separation chamber pressure sensor, less than about 1000 kPa.
[0047] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the pressure drop is maintained by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve, the production fluid supply valve, or both.
[0048] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the pressure drop is further maintained by controlling the average flow velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system less than about 0.5 m/s.
[0049] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to keep multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber slow enough to ensure that at least 50% of the volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column in the fluidic separation chamber is a result of gravitational forces.
[0050] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the separation chamber pressure sensor is positioned in the fluidic separation chamber to sense gas pressure of an inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize the pressure of the inert gas.
[0051] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which multiphase production fluid is supplied via the production fluid supply valve.
[0052] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which a baseline liquid is supplied to the fluidic piping via the baseline liquid supply valve.
[0053] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by holding the gas pressure constant.
[0054] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to: transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber; communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column; and calculate an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0055] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a growth rate of the gaseous phase column, the oil phase column, or both, drops below a growth rate threshold.
[0056] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a threshold separation time has elapsed.
[0057] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after the oil phase column and the gaseous phase column have reached between about 50% and about 80% of their fully separated sizes.
[0058] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the oil/gas volume fraction represents absolute or proportional volumes of oil and gas in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0059] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the oil/gas volume fraction represents respective oil and gas volumes relative to each other, or relative to a total volume of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0060] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG.
[0061] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the production fluid oil flow rate Qo as follows:
QO=QG(VO/VG).
[0062] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state by stopping the supply of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve.
[0063] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic piping is configured to supply baseline liquid from the baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the baseline liquid supply valve and is configured to transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state by replacing the supply of multiphase production fluid with baseline liquid and subsequently stopping the supply of baseline liquid.
[0064] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to: transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber; communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase column; and calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0065] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate a production fluid oil flow rate Qo and a production fluid water flow rate QH2O as a function of at least the production fluid gas flow rate QG and the volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O.
[0066] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic piping is configured to supply baseline liquid from the baseline liquid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the baseline liquid supply valve and is configured to replace the supply of multiphase production fluid with baseline liquid.
[0067] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber.
[0068] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column reside within the fluidic separation chamber.
[0069] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column reside within the fluidic separation chamber.
[0070] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber comprise cylindrical piping of matching cross sectional dimensions.
[0071] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic separation chamber comprises an optically transparent cylindrical pipe. [0072] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic separation chamber is vertically oriented and the system is configured such that the multiphase production fluid assumes a vertical orientation in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0073] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the system comprises a plurality of fluidic separation detectors.
[0074] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the plurality of fluidic separation detectors are arranged along a longitudinal dimension of the fluidic separation chamber.
[0075] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic separation detector comprises a vision system defining a field of view that encompasses an optically transparent portion of the fluidic separation chamber.
[0076] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit converts the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0077] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit converts the growth rate of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by: measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column over a time At; calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber; and calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs, which accounts for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0078] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit supplies a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
[0079] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit supplies sufficient volumes of multiphase production fluid and a baseline liquid to the fluidic separation chamber via the production fluid supply valve and a baseline liquid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
[0080] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit maintains laminar multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping by maintaining a pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber, as measured by the separation chamber pressure sensor, less than about 1000 kPa, and an average flow velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system less than about 0.5 m/s.
[0081] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit stabilizes gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve, controlling a rate at which multiphase production fluid is supplied via the production fluid supply valve, or both.
[0082] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit stabilizes gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling a rate at which a baseline liquid is supplied to the fluidic piping via a baseline liquid supply valve.
[0083] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit (i) transitions the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber, (ii) communicates with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column and the complete oil phase column, and (iii) calculates an oil/gas volume fraction as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase and oil phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0084] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction after a growth rate of the gaseous phase column, the oil phase column, or both, drops below a growth rate threshold or after a threshold separation time has elapsed. [0085] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit transitions the fluidic separation chamber to a static state by replacing the supply of multiphase production fluid with a baseline liquid and subsequently stopping the supply of baseline liquid.
[0086] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to (i) transition the fluidic separation chamber to a static state after a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column are formed within the fluidic separation chamber, (ii) communicate with the fluidic separation detector to measure the absolute or relative sizes of the complete gaseous phase column, the complete oil phase column, and the complete water phase columns, and (iii) calculate a volume fraction VO/VG/VH2O as a function of the measured sizes of the gaseous phase, oil phase, and water phase columns in the fluidic separation chamber.
[0087] Another aspect may include any of the previous aspects, wherein: the complete oil phase column comprises an oil/water emulsion; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to calculate the oil/gas volume fraction as a function of an emulsification factor representing a volumetric proportion of the oil/water emulsion that is attributable to oil.
[0088] Having described the subject matter of the present disclosure in detail and by reference to specific embodiments thereof, it is noted that the various details disclosed herein should not be taken to imply that these details relate to elements that are essential components of the various embodiments described herein, even in cases where a particular element is illustrated in each of the drawings that accompany the present description. Further, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, including, but not limited to, embodiments defined in the appended claims. More specifically, although some aspects of the present disclosure are identified herein as preferred or particularly advantageous, it is contemplated that the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these aspects. [0089] It is noted that one or more of the following claims utilize the terms "in which" and "wherein" as transitional phrases. For the purposes of defining the present invention, it is noted that these terms are introduced in the claims as an open-ended transitional phrase that is used to introduce a given number of claim elements and should be interpreted in like manner as the more commonly used open-ended preamble term "comprising."

Claims

22 CLAIMS
1. A system for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, the system comprising fluidic piping, a production fluid supply valve, a fluidic separation chamber, an inert gas exhaust valve, a separation chamber pressure sensor, a fluidic separation detector, and a fluidic supply and analysis unit, in which: the fluidic piping is configured to supply multiphase production fluid from the production fluid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; the inert gas exhaust valve is configured to exhaust inert gas from the fluidic separation chamber; the separation chamber pressure sensor is configured to provide an indication of gas pressure in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the production fluid supply valve, the inert gas exhaust valve, and the separation chamber pressure sensor, and is configured to communicate with the production fluid supply valve to supply a multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the separation chamber pressure sensor and the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber, communicate with the fluidic separation detector to monitor a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
2. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
3. The system as claimed in claim 2 wherein QG=QC-QS
4. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to convert the growth rate of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by: measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column over a time At; calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber; and calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs, which accounts for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
5. The system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to supply a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
6. The system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to supply sufficient volumes of multiphase production fluid and baseline liquid to the fluidic separation chamber via the production fluid supply valve and the baseline liquid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
7. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to maintain laminar multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping, by maintaining a pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber, as measured by the separation chamber pressure sensor, less than about 1000 kPa.
8. The system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the pressure drop is maintained by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve, the production fluid supply valve, or both.
9. The system as claimed in claim 8 wherein the pressure drop is further maintained by controlling the average flow velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system less than about 0.5 m/s.
10. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to keep multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber slow enough to ensure that at least 50% of the volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column in the fluidic separation chamber is a result of gravitational forces.
11. The system of any previous claim wherein: the separation chamber pressure sensor is positioned in the fluidic separation chamber to sense gas pressure of an inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve to stabilize the pressure of the inert gas.
12. The system as claimed in claim 11 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which multiphase production fluid is supplied via the production fluid supply valve.
13. The system as claimed in claim 12 wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by further controlling a rate at which a baseline liquid is supplied to the fluidic piping via the baseline liquid supply valve.
14. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to stabilize gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by holding the gas pressure constant. 25
15. The system of any previous claim wherein: the system further comprises a baseline liquid supply valve; the fluidic piping is configured to supply baseline liquid from the baseline liquid supply valve to the fluidic separation chamber; and the fluidic supply and analysis unit is in communication with the baseline liquid supply valve and is configured to replace the supply of multiphase production fluid with baseline liquid.
16. The system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber.
17. The system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column and a complete oil phase column reside within the fluidic separation chamber.
18. The system as claimed in claim 15 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit is configured to continue the supply of the baseline liquid until a complete gaseous phase column, a complete oil phase column, and a complete water phase column reside within the fluidic separation chamber.
19. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber comprise cylindrical piping of matching cross sectional dimensions.
20. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic separation chamber comprises an optically transparent cylindrical pipe.
21. The system of any previous claim wherein the fluidic separation chamber is vertically oriented and the system is configured such that the multiphase production fluid assumes a vertical orientation in the fluidic separation chamber.
22. The system of any previous claim wherein the system comprises a plurality of fluidic separation detectors. 26
23. The system as claimed in claim 22 wherein the plurality of fluidic separation detectors are arranged along a longitudinal dimension of the fluidic separation chamber.
24. The system of any previous claim wherein the fludic separation detector comprises a vision system defining a field of view that encompasses an optically transparent portion of the fluidic separation chamber.
25. A method for analyzing a multiphase production fluid, the method comprising: supplying an inert gas to a vertically-oriented fluidic separation chamber, the inert gas being lighter than a gaseous phase of the multiphase production fluid; supplying at least a portion of the multiphase production fluid to the fluidic separation chamber through a production fluid supply valve; stabilizing a pressure of the inert gas in the fluidic separation chamber, as sensed by a separation chamber pressure sensor, as the multiphase production fluid is supplied to the fluidic separation chamber utilizing an inert gas exhaust valve; monitoring a growth rate Qc of a gaseous phase column of the multiphase production fluid in the fluidic separation chamber, and convert the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to a production fluid gas flow rate QG.
26. The method as claimed in claim 25 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit converts the growth rate Qc of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by accounting for a gravitational separation rate Qs of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
27. The method as claimed in claim 25 or claim 16 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit converts the growth rate of the gaseous phase column to the production fluid gas flow rate QG by: measuring a change of height Ah of the gaseous phase column over a time At; calculating an increase in gaseous volume AV as a function of Ah and a cross sectional area of fluidic separation chamber; and 27 calculating the production fluid gas flow rate QG as a function of AV and a gravitational separation rate Qs, which accounts for volumetric growth of the gaseous phase column resulting from gravitational forces in the fluidic separation chamber.
28. The method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit supplies a sufficient volume of multiphase production fluid via the production fluid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
29. The method as claimed in claim 27 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit supplies sufficient volumes of multiphase production fluid and a baseline liquid to the fluidic separation chamber via the production fluid supply valve and a baseline liquid supply valve to ensure that a complete gaseous phase column resides within the fluidic separation chamber over the time At.
30. The method as claimed in any of claims 25 to 29 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit maintains laminar multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping by maintaining a pressure drop across the multiphase production fluid flow in the fluidic piping and the fluidic separation chamber, as measured by the separation chamber pressure sensor, less than about
1000 kPa, and an average flow velocity of the multiphase fluid in the fluid analysis system less than about 0.5 m/s.
31. The method as claimed in any of claims 25 to 30 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit stabilizes gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling the inert gas exhaust valve, controlling a rate at which multiphase production fluid is supplied via the production fluid supply valve, or both.
32. The method as claimed in claim 31 wherein the fluidic supply and analysis unit stabilizes gas pressure within the fluidic separation chamber by controlling a rate at which a baseline liquid is supplied to the fluidic piping via a baseline liquid supply valve.
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WO2022047380A1 (en) 2022-03-03
US12504129B2 (en) 2025-12-23
US20220065403A1 (en) 2022-03-03
US20240027031A1 (en) 2024-01-25
US11815229B2 (en) 2023-11-14

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