WO2022041733A1 - 一种垂直潜流湿地及配水方法 - Google Patents

一种垂直潜流湿地及配水方法 Download PDF

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WO2022041733A1
WO2022041733A1 PCT/CN2021/085206 CN2021085206W WO2022041733A1 WO 2022041733 A1 WO2022041733 A1 WO 2022041733A1 CN 2021085206 W CN2021085206 W CN 2021085206W WO 2022041733 A1 WO2022041733 A1 WO 2022041733A1
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water
water inlet
wetland
perforated
purification
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尚文
缪斌
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Architecture Design and Research Institute of Tongji University Group Co Ltd
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Architecture Design and Research Institute of Tongji University Group Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used

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  • the invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to a vertical underflow wetland and a water distribution method.
  • Conventional advanced treatment technologies for tail water in sewage treatment plants mainly include: flocculation sedimentation method, sand filtration method, activated carbon method, ozone oxidation method, membrane separation method, ion exchange method, electrolytic treatment method, wet oxidation method, catalytic oxidation method, evaporation concentration Methods such as physical and chemical methods, and biological denitrification, dephosphorization, etc.
  • flocculation sedimentation method mainly include: flocculation sedimentation method, sand filtration method, activated carbon method, ozone oxidation method, membrane separation method, ion exchange method, electrolytic treatment method, wet oxidation method, catalytic oxidation method, evaporation concentration Methods such as physical and chemical methods, and biological denitrification, dephosphorization, etc.
  • due to the high processing cost of conventional methods complicated operation and maintenance, and high environmental risks.
  • artificial wetland technology has been gradually applied and popularized in advanced treatment of tail water of sewage treatment plants. Compared with conventional
  • the widely used constructed wetland technologies mainly include: surface flow constructed wetland, horizontal subsurface constructed wetland and vertical subsurface constructed wetland.
  • These technologies basically encounter the common problems of constructed wetland technology in the application process: the uniformity of wetland water collection and distribution is not easy to control, the denitrification and phosphorus removal capacity is low, the hydraulic load is small, resulting in a large area, and the influent suspended matter enters the wetland filler. It is easy to cause plugging of filler pores in the interior.
  • Chinese patent CN201721027902.X proposes a horizontal subsurface artificial wetland for water purification treatment, which includes a pool body, a substrate and wetland plants, and one side wall of the pool body is provided with
  • the water inlet pipe communicates with the inner cavity of the pool body.
  • the position of the water inlet pipe corresponds to the high water level of the pool body.
  • the opposite side wall of the pool body is provided with a water outlet pipe that communicates with the inner cavity of the pool body.
  • the water outlet pipe is located in the pool body.
  • the lower part of the body is close to the bottom, the matrix is composed of a pebble layer and a zeolite layer that are laid in the inner cavity of the pool body without interval from bottom to top.
  • the particle size of the pebbles in the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the pebble layer gradually decreases, and the particle size of the zeolite in the front section, the middle section and the rear section of the zeolite layer gradually decreases.
  • the substrate is not easy to be blocked, has good adsorption and good air permeability, and greatly improves the service life of the constructed wetland, the effect of water purification, and the efficiency of sewage treatment.
  • this patent fills the pool with pebbles and zeolite, the hydraulic load of the pool is small, and the sludge is easy to accumulate at the bottom of the pool and block the pores of the filler, which is not easy to clean. , prone to short current and dead zone.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vertical underflow wetland and a water distribution method in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, with large hydraulic load, uniform water distribution, and not easy to block.
  • a vertical submerged wetland comprising a water inlet pipe, a water inlet channel, a purification pool, a water outlet channel and a water outlet pipe connected in sequence
  • the purification pool is respectively connected with the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel through the water inlet and the overflow port, and the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel are respectively connected.
  • the water port and the overflow port are respectively close to the bottom end and the top end of the purification pool
  • the water inlet is provided with a perforated flower wall
  • the purification pool is sequentially provided with a wetland filler layer, a permeable water filter plate and a water distribution from top to bottom.
  • the water distribution layer includes a plurality of supporting blocks arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and a water inlet corridor is formed between two adjacent supporting blocks, and the height of the highest point of the perforated flower wall is lower than the height of the distributed water distribution layer.
  • the height of the water layer, the water inlet channel is provided with a perforated mud discharge pipe, and the water flow of the water inlet channel can be evenly dispersed to each water inlet gallery through the perforated flower wall, and then the water seeps through the whole permeable water filter plate, which further improves the distribution of water.
  • the uniformity of water and the uniform distribution of water make the sewage purification effect good, and at the same time, the hydraulic load is high, which improves the purification efficiency.
  • the bottom of the water inlet channel is provided with a sludge sink, the perforated sludge discharge pipe is arranged in the sludge sink, and an inclined plane is provided between the sludge sink and the perforated wall, which is conducive to the flow of the deposited solid particles. to the sludge tank.
  • the permeable water filter board is a honeycomb-shaped permeable concrete board formed by bonding coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement, with good air permeability and water permeability, and light weight.
  • the wetland packing layer includes an upper packing layer, a middle packing layer and a lower packing layer which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
  • the upper filler layer is used as a planting layer, and is paved with gravel with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm, and emergent plants are planted on the gravel.
  • the concrete bottom plate of the purification tank is provided with a gradient from the water inlet channel to the water outlet channel, and the gradient is 0.5% to 1%, which is beneficial for the deposited solid particles to flow back to the water inlet channel; the said The number of purification pools is one or more, and multiple purification pools are connected in parallel between the inlet channel and the outlet channel.
  • the number of the overflow openings is multiple, and the multiple overflow openings are evenly distributed on the side of the purification tank, which is conducive to uniform water distribution and avoids the occurrence of dead zones.
  • a water distribution method using a vertical submerged wetland removes soluble organic matter and suspended solid particles in sewage through a purification step, and removes the solid particles deposited in the wetland through a venting step;
  • the purification steps are as follows: open the valve of the water inlet pipe, close the valve of the perforated sludge discharge pipe, and the sewage passes through the water inlet pipe, the water inlet channel, the perforated flower wall, the dispersed water distribution layer, the permeable water filter plate, the wetland packing layer, and the overflow.
  • Outlet, water outlet and water outlet pipe where the sewage is dispersed to each water inlet gallery when it enters the dispersed water distribution layer to achieve uniform water distribution, and the solid particles in the sewage are blocked by the permeable water filter plate and deposited in the dispersed water distribution layer.
  • the venting step is specifically: closing the valve of the water inlet pipe, opening the valve of the perforated sludge discharge pipe, the sewage in the purification tank flows back to the water inlet channel through the perforated flower wall, and the solid particles deposited in the dispersed water layer enter with the water flow. Into the water channel and discharge through the perforated sludge discharge pipe.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the water inlet pipe, the water inlet channel, the purification tank and the water outlet channel and the water outlet pipe connected in turn by the present invention the water inlet is provided with a perforated flower wall, and the purification tank is sequentially provided with a wetland filler layer, a water permeable water filter plate and a water outlet from top to bottom.
  • the water distribution layer consists of a number of supporting blocks arranged in parallel at equal intervals, and a water inlet corridor is formed between two adjacent supporting blocks. After passing through the perforated flower wall, it flows to multiple water inlet corridors.
  • the perforated flower wall has multiple perforations, the water flow is large, the water distribution is uniform, and the solid particles can pass through.
  • the load is large and the uniformity of water distribution is further improved, the sewage purification effect is good, the purification efficiency is high, and the structure is simple. Long service life, reducing the energy consumption of wetland operation;
  • the present invention is provided with a sludge settling tank at the bottom of the water inlet channel, and the perforated sludge discharge pipe is arranged in the sludge settling tank, so that the solid particles that are easy to deposit are concentrated in the sludge settling tank, and it is convenient to remove the sludge;
  • the present invention evenly distributes a plurality of overflow ports on the side wall of the purification tank, so that the water flow can flow out from the plurality of overflow ports, which is conducive to uniform water distribution and avoids the occurrence of dead zones;
  • the bottom of the purification tank provided by the present invention has a slope from the water inlet channel to the direction of the water outlet channel, which is convenient for the solid particles deposited in the dispersed water distribution layer to flow back to the water inlet channel, and is not easy to be deposited in the dead corner;
  • the present invention is provided with a plurality of purification pools, and the plurality of purification pools are connected in parallel between the water inlet channel and the water outlet channel, which improves the purification efficiency and has a compact structure.
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the wetland filler layer
  • Fig. 2 is the plan view of dispersing water layer
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a wetland unit
  • a vertical submerged wetland as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, includes a water inlet pipe 1, a water inlet channel 2, a purification pool, a water outlet channel 14 and a water outlet pipe 15 connected in sequence, and the purification pool passes through the water inlet and the overflow port 13 respectively.
  • the water inlet and the overflow outlet 13 are respectively close to the bottom and top of the purification tank, the number of overflow ports 13 is multiple, and the multiple overflow ports 13 are evenly distributed on the side of the purification tank
  • the water inlet is provided with a perforated flower wall 5, and the purification tank is sequentially provided with a wetland filler layer, a permeable water filter plate 8 and a dispersed water distribution layer 7 from top to bottom, and the dispersed water distribution layer 7 includes several blocks.
  • the number of purification tanks is one or more, and multiple purification tanks are connected in parallel between the water inlet channel 2 and the water outlet channel 14 to improve space utilization and purification efficiency.
  • the influent water is pre-aerated and oxygenated to increase the dissolved oxygen concentration to above 4mg/L.
  • the bottom of the water inlet channel 2 is provided with a sludge sink 4 , and the perforated sludge discharge pipe 3 is arranged in the sludge sink 4 .
  • the permeable water filter board 8 is a honeycomb-shaped permeable concrete board formed by bonding coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement, with good air permeability and water permeability, and light weight.
  • the wetland packing layer includes an upper packing layer 11 , a middle packing layer 10 and a lower packing layer 9 arranged in sequence from top to bottom.
  • each purification tank is 1500m2
  • the concrete bottom plate 6 of the purification tank is provided with a slope from the inlet channel 2 to the outlet channel 14, and the slope is 0.5%, which is conducive to the flow of the deposited solid particles back to the inlet channel 2, and the upper filler layer 11 serves as the
  • the planting layer is laid with gravel with a particle size of 5 to 10 mm and a thickness of 200 cm. Emergent plants 12 are planted on the gravel evenly spaced.
  • the planting density is 9 to 16 plants/m2
  • the middle packing layer 10 is laid with ceramsite or volcanic rock with a particle size of 15 to 30 mm, and the thickness is 400 cm;
  • the lower layer is The packing layer 9 is covered with zeolite having a particle size of 30 to 50 mm, and the thickness is 400 cm.
  • a water distribution method using a vertical subsurface wetland is used to set the wetland downstream of the sewage treatment plant to purify the sewage of the sewage treatment plant.
  • the venting step removes the solid particles deposited in the wetland;
  • the purification steps are as follows: open the valve of the water inlet pipe 1, close the valve of the perforated sludge discharge pipe 3, and the sewage from the sewage treatment plant passes through the water inlet pipe 1, the water inlet channel 2, the perforated flower wall 5, the dispersed water layer 7, and the permeable water filter plate in turn.
  • 8. Wetland packing layer, overflow port 13, water outlet channel 14 and water outlet pipe 15.
  • the water plate 8 is trapped and deposited in the dispersed water layer 7, and the soluble organic matter in the sewage is removed by the synergistic purification of fillers, plants and microorganisms in the wetland filler layer.
  • the venting step is specifically: closing the valve of the water inlet pipe 1, opening the valve of the perforated sludge discharge pipe 3, the sewage in the purification tank flows back to the water inlet channel 2 through the perforated flower wall 5, and the solid particles deposited in the dispersed water distribution layer 7 enter the water inlet with the water flow.
  • the water channel 2 is discharged through the perforated sludge discharge pipe 3.
  • the entire permeable water filter plate 8 is used for bottom-to-top seepage water distribution, which reduces the short flow and dead zone caused by the use of spaced perforated pipes for water distribution in traditional vertical subsurface wetlands.
  • Embodiments 1 and 2 propose a subsurface constructed wetland and a water distribution method.
  • the wetland water collection and distribution, suspended solids interception and emptying mud discharge process are optimized. , thereby increasing the hydraulic load of the wetland, increasing the uniformity of water distribution in the wetland, reducing the risk of wetland clogging, prolonging the service life of the wetland, and reducing the energy consumption of the wetland operation.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
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  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种垂直潜流湿地及配水方法，包括依次连接的进水管、进水渠、净化池和出水渠和出水管，净化池通过进水口和溢流口分别与进水渠和出水渠连通，进水口和溢流口分别靠近净化池的底端和顶端，进水口处设有穿孔花墙，净化池内从上至下依次设有湿地填料层、透水滤水板和分散布水层，分散布水层包括若干块等间隔平行设置的支撑砌块，相邻两块支撑砌块之间构成进水廊道，穿孔花墙与分散布水层平齐，进水渠内设有穿孔排泥管。与现有技术相比，本发明具有水力负荷大、布水均匀和不易堵塞等优点。

Description

一种垂直潜流湿地及配水方法 技术领域
本发明涉及环境工程技术领域，尤其是涉及一种垂直潜流湿地及配水方法。
背景技术
随着城市快速发展和人口扩张，工农业生产和生活中产生了大量的污废水。常规的污水处理厂对这些污废水处理并不彻底，未经深度处理排放的污水处理厂尾水相比于地表水环境质量标准仍是环境污染源，污水处理厂尾水直排入河湖水体会造成新的污染，甚至影响下游城市的饮用水水源安全，对人们的健康和生态环境造成危害，所以污水处理厂尾水的深度处理问题亟待解决。常规的污水处理厂尾水深度处理技术主要包括：絮凝沉淀法、砂滤法、活性炭法、臭氧氧化法、膜分离法、离子交换法、电解处理法、湿式氧化法、催化氧化法、蒸发浓缩法等物理化学方法，及生物脱氮、脱磷法等。但因常规方法的处理成本高、运行维护复杂、环境风险较大。近年来，人工湿地技术应用于污水处理厂尾水的深度处理逐渐得到应用与推广，较之常规的深度处理技术，其具有建设投资少、运营成本低、效果优良、无二次污染、改善生态系统、景观效果佳等优点。
目前应用较为广泛的人工湿地技术主要包括：表面流人工湿地、水平潜流人工湿地和垂直潜流人工湿地。这些技术在应用过程中基本上都会遇到人工湿地技术的通病：湿地集配水均匀性不易控制、脱氮除磷能力较低、水力负荷较小导致占地面积大、进水悬浮物进入湿地填料内部容易造成填料孔隙堵塞等。
现有技术也给出了一些解决方案，中国专利CN201721027902.X提出了一种用于水质净化处理的水平潜流人工湿地，其包括池体、基质和湿地植物，池体的一侧墙上设置有与池体的内腔连通的进水管，进水管的位置与池体的高水位相对应，池体相对的另一侧墙上设置有与池体的内腔连通的出水管，出水管位于池体的下部且靠近底部，基质由自下而上依次无间隔铺设于池体的内腔中的卵石层和沸石层组成，湿地植物栽种于沸石层的顶部上，卵石层和沸石层沿水 流方向均分为前段、中段和后段，卵石层的前段、中段和后段中的卵石的粒径逐渐减小，沸石层的前段、中段和后段中的沸石的粒径逐渐减小，所采用的基质不易被堵塞、吸附性较好、透气性较好，大大提高了人工湿地的使用年限、水质净化效果、污水处理效率。但该专利将池体内填卵石和沸石，池体的水力负荷小，且淤泥容易堆积在池体底部以及堵塞填料孔隙，不易清理，同时只有进水管的进水端进行渗水，无法实现均匀布水，容易出现短流和死区。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种垂直潜流湿地及配水方法，水力负荷大，布水均匀，不易堵塞。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种垂直潜流湿地，包括依次连接的进水管、进水渠、净化池和出水渠和出水管，所述的净化池通过进水口和溢流口分别与进水渠和出水渠连通，所述的进水口和溢流口分别靠近净化池的底端和顶端，所述的进水口处设有穿孔花墙，所述的净化池内从上至下依次设有湿地填料层、透水滤水板和分散布水层，所述的分散布水层包括若干块等间隔平行设置的支撑砌块，相邻两块支撑砌块之间构成进水廊道，所述的穿孔花墙的最高点的高度低于分散布水层的高度，所述的进水渠内设有穿孔排泥管，进水渠的水流可通过穿孔花墙均匀地分散至各个进水廊道，然后经过整块透水滤水板渗水分流，进一步提高布水的均匀性，布水均匀使得污水净化效果好，同时水力负荷高，提高了净化效率。
进一步地，所述的进水渠底部设有沉泥槽，所述的穿孔排泥管设于沉泥槽内，所述的沉泥槽与穿孔花墙之间设有斜面，利于沉积的固体颗粒流动至沉泥槽。
进一步地，所述的透水滤水板为由粗骨料、细骨料和水泥粘结成型的蜂窝状透水混凝土板，透气性和透水性好，重量轻。
进一步地，所述的湿地填料层包括由上至下依次设置的上层填料层、中层填料层和下层填料层；
所述的上层填料层作为种植层，铺设有粒径为5～10mm碎石，碎石上种植有挺水植物，所述的挺水植物为芦苇、水葱、鸢尾、香蒲、菖蒲、再力花、梭 鱼草、千屈菜、美人蕉中的一种或多种；所述的中层填料层铺设有粒径为15～30mm的陶粒或火山岩；所述的下层填料层铺设有粒径为30～50mm的沸石；所述的净化池的混凝土底板设有由进水渠向出水渠方向的坡度，所述的坡度为0.5％～1％，利于沉积的固体颗粒流回进水渠；所述的净化池的数量为1个或多个，多个净化池并联在进水渠和出水渠之间。
进一步地，所述的溢流口的数量为多个，多个溢流口均匀分布在净化池的侧面，利于均匀布水，避免出现死区。
一种采用垂直潜流湿地的配水方法，通过净化步骤去除污水中的可溶性有机物以及悬浮的固体颗粒，通过放空步骤清除湿地内沉积的固体颗粒；
所述的净化步骤具体为：打开进水管的阀门，关闭穿孔排泥管的阀门，污水依次经过进水管、进水渠和穿孔花墙、分散布水层、透水滤水板、湿地填料层、溢流口、出水渠和出水管，其中污水进入分散布水层时分散至各个进水廊道，实现均匀布水，所述的污水中的固体颗粒被透水滤水板阻挡并沉积在分散布水层内；
所述的放空步骤具体为：关闭进水管的阀门，打开穿孔排泥管的阀门，所述的净化池内的污水通过穿孔花墙流回至进水渠，分散布水层内沉积的固体颗粒随水流进入进水渠并通过穿孔排泥管排出。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以如下有益效果：
(1)本发明依次连接的进水管、进水渠、净化池和出水渠和出水管，进水口处设有穿孔花墙，净化池内从上至下依次设有湿地填料层、透水滤水板和分散布水层，分散布水层包括若干块等间隔平行设置的支撑砌块，相邻两块支撑砌块之间构成进水廊道，进水渠内设有穿孔排泥管，进水渠内的水穿过穿孔花墙后流向多个进水廊道，穿孔花墙具有多个穿孔，水流量大、布水均匀且可通过固体颗粒，同时利用整个透水滤水板进行自下而上渗流布水，水力负荷大且进一步提高了布水的均匀性，污水净化效果好，净化效率高，结构简单，同时分散布水层的进水廊道便于清除沉积的固体颗粒，不易堵塞，操作简单，延长了湿地使用寿命，降低了湿地运行能耗；
(2)本发明在进水渠底部设有沉泥槽，所述的穿孔排泥管设于沉泥槽内，便于沉积的固体颗粒集中在沉泥槽中，便于清除淤泥；
(3)本发明在净化池的侧壁上均匀分布多个溢流口，使得水流可从多个溢流口流出，利于均匀布水，避免出现死区；
(4)本发明设置的净化池底部具有由进水渠向出水渠方向的坡度，便于沉积在分散布水层的固体颗粒流回进水渠，不易沉积在死角；
(5)本发明设有多个净化池，多个净化池并联在进水渠和出水渠之间，提高了净化效率，结构紧凑。
附图说明
图1为湿地填料层平面图；
图2为分散布水层平面图；
图3为湿地单元剖面图；
1.进水管，2.进水渠，3.穿孔排泥管，4.沉泥槽，5.穿孔花墙，6.混凝土底板，7.分散布水层，8.透水滤水板，9.下层填料层，10.中层填料层，11.上层填料层，12.挺水植物，13.溢流口，14.出水渠，15.出水管。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。本实施例以本发明技术方案为前提进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
一种垂直潜流湿地，如图1、图2和图3，包括依次连接的进水管1、进水渠2、净化池和出水渠14和出水管15，净化池通过进水口和溢流口13分别与进水渠2和出水渠14连通，进水口和溢流口13分别靠近净化池的底端和顶端，溢流口13的数量为多个，多个溢流口13均匀分布在净化池的侧面，利于均匀布水，进水口处设有穿孔花墙5，净化池内从上至下依次设有湿地填料层、透水滤水板8和分散布水层7，分散布水层7包括若干块等间隔平行设置的支撑砌块，相邻两块支撑砌块之间构成进水廊道，穿孔花墙5的最高点的高度低于分散布水层7的高度，进水渠2内设有穿孔排泥管3。
净化池的数量为1个或多个，多个净化池并联在进水渠2和出水渠14之间， 提高空间利用率和净化效率，在进水渠2上安装表面曝气机，对进入净化池的进水预先曝气充氧，将溶解氧浓度提升至4mg/L以上。
进水渠2底部设有沉泥槽4，穿孔排泥管3设于沉泥槽4内，沉泥槽4与穿孔花墙5之间设有斜面，利于沉积的固体颗粒流动至沉泥槽4。
透水滤水板8为由粗骨料、细骨料和水泥粘结成型的蜂窝状透水混凝土板，透气性和透水性好，重量轻。
湿地填料层包括由上至下依次设置的上层填料层11、中层填料层10和下层填料层9。
每个净化池的面积为1500m2，净化池的混凝土底板6设有由进水渠2向出水渠14方向的坡度，坡度为0.5％，利于沉积的固体颗粒流回进水渠2，上层填料层11作为种植层，铺设有粒径为5～10mm碎石，厚度为200cm，碎石上均匀间隔种植有挺水植物12，挺水植物12为芦苇、水葱、鸢尾、香蒲、菖蒲、再力花、梭鱼草、千屈菜、美人蕉中的一种或多种，种植密度为9～16株/m2，中层填料层10铺设有粒径为15～30mm的陶粒或火山岩，厚度为400cm；下层填料层9铺设有粒径为30～50mm的沸石，厚度为400cm。
实施例2
与实施例1对应的一种采用垂直潜流湿地的配水方法，将湿地设置在污水处理厂下游，用于净化污水处理厂的污水，通过净化步骤去除污水中的可溶性有机物以及悬浮的固体颗粒，通过放空步骤清除湿地内沉积的固体颗粒；
净化步骤具体为：打开进水管1的阀门，关闭穿孔排泥管3的阀门，污水处理厂的污水依次经过进水管1、进水渠2和穿孔花墙5、分散布水层7、透水滤水板8、湿地填料层、溢流口13、出水渠14和出水管15，其中污水进入分散布水层7时分散至各个进水廊道，实现均匀布水，污水中悬浮的固体颗粒被透水滤水板8截留并沉积在分散布水层7内，污水中的可溶性有机物通过湿地填料层中的填料、植物和微生物协同净化去除。
放空步骤具体为：关闭进水管1的阀门，打开穿孔排泥管3的阀门，净化池内的污水通过穿孔花墙5流回至进水渠2，分散布水层7内沉积的固体颗粒随水流进入进水渠2并通过穿孔排泥管3排出。
利用整个透水滤水板8进行自下而上渗流布水，减少了传统垂直潜流湿地 采用间隔布置穿孔管布水带来的的短流和死区。
满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的污水厂一级A排放尾水，经垂直潜流湿地深度净化处理后出水主要污染物指标达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)的Ⅳ类或Ⅲ类水标准，在同等工况下预计可比常规水平垂直潜流湿地技术多处理30％～40％的水量，有机物去除效率提升20～30％，使用寿命延长5年以上。
实施例1和实施例2提出了一种潜流人工湿地及配水方法，通过设置穿孔花墙5、透水滤水板8和穿孔排泥管3，优化了湿地集配水、悬浮物拦截和放空排泥过程，从而提高了湿地水力负荷，增加湿地配水均匀性，减少湿地堵塞风险，延长了湿地使用寿命，降低了湿地运行能耗。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种垂直潜流湿地，包括依次连接的进水管(1)、进水渠(2)、净化池和出水渠(14)和出水管(15)，所述的净化池通过进水口和溢流口(13)分别与进水渠(2)和出水渠(14)连通，所述的进水口和溢流口(13)分别靠近净化池的底端和顶端，其特征在于，所述的进水口处设有穿孔花墙(5)，所述的净化池内从上至下依次设有湿地填料层、透水滤水板(8)和分散布水层(7)，所述的分散布水层(7)包括若干块等间隔平行设置的支撑砌块，相邻两块支撑砌块之间构成进水廊道，所述的进水渠(2)内设有穿孔排泥管(3)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的进水渠(2)底部设有沉泥槽(4)，所述的穿孔排泥管(3)设于沉泥槽(4)内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的湿地填料层包括由上至下依次设置的上层填料层(11)、中层填料层(10)和下层填料层(9)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的上层填料层(11)铺设有碎石和挺水植物(12)，所述的挺水植物(12)为芦苇、水葱、鸢尾、香蒲、菖蒲、再力花、梭鱼草、千屈菜、美人蕉中的一种或多种。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的中层填料层(10)铺设有陶粒或火山岩。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的下层填料层(9)铺设有沸石。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的溢流口(13)的数量为多个，多个溢流口(13)均匀分布在净化池的侧壁上。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的净化池底部设有由进水渠(2)向出水渠(14)方向的坡度，所述的坡度为0.5％～1％。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种垂直潜流湿地，其特征在于，所述的净化池的数量为1个或多个，多个净化池并联在进水渠(2)和出水渠(14)之间。
  10. 一种采用如权利要求1所述的垂直潜流湿地的配水方法，其特征在于，通过净化步骤去除污水中的可溶性有机物以及悬浮的固体颗粒，通过放空步骤 清除湿地内沉积的固体颗粒；
    所述的净化步骤具体为：打开进水管(1)的阀门，关闭穿孔排泥管(3)的阀门，污水依次经过进水管(1)、进水渠(2)和穿孔花墙(5)、分散布水层(7)、透水滤水板(8)、湿地填料层、溢流口(13)、出水渠(14)和出水管(15)，其中污水进入分散布水层(7)时分散至各个进水廊道，实现均匀布水，所述的污水中的固体颗粒被透水滤水板(8)阻挡并沉积在分散布水层(7)内；
    所述的放空步骤具体为：关闭进水管(1)的阀门，打开穿孔排泥管(3)的阀门，所述的净化池内的污水通过穿孔花墙(5)流回至进水渠(2)，分散布水层(7)内沉积的固体颗粒随水流进入进水渠(2)并通过穿孔排泥管(3)排出。
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CN120288966A (zh) * 2025-04-14 2025-07-11 中水淮河规划设计研究有限公司 一种垂直潜流湿地系统

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