WO2022037399A1 - 一字轴式球铰传动轴 - Google Patents

一字轴式球铰传动轴 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022037399A1
WO2022037399A1 PCT/CN2021/109954 CN2021109954W WO2022037399A1 WO 2022037399 A1 WO2022037399 A1 WO 2022037399A1 CN 2021109954 W CN2021109954 W CN 2021109954W WO 2022037399 A1 WO2022037399 A1 WO 2022037399A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ball
shaft
bearing
line
transmission shaft
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PCT/CN2021/109954
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱德伟
荣晓瑜
曹荣仁
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青岛极致创新科技有限公司
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Application filed by 青岛极致创新科技有限公司 filed Critical 青岛极致创新科技有限公司
Priority to EP21857494.5A priority Critical patent/EP4160036B1/en
Priority to JP2023502729A priority patent/JP7325153B2/ja
Priority to US18/009,992 priority patent/US11761491B2/en
Publication of WO2022037399A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022037399A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected
    • F16D3/44—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected the intermediate member being connected to the coupling parts by ridges, pins, balls, or the like guided in grooves or between cogs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/26—Hooke's joints or other joints with an equivalent intermediate member to which each coupling part is pivotally or slidably connected

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of mechanical equipment, and in particular, relates to an in-line shaft type spherical hinge transmission shaft.
  • the wear is too fast, which reduces the service life of the product; at the same time, while the cylindrical in-line shaft rolls on the surface of the transmission hole, there is a large relative sliding between the contact busbar and the contact surface of the transmission hole, which speeds up the contact surface. Wear, is not conducive to the improvement of product life.
  • the present application aims to overcome the above deficiencies and improve the life of the product.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to provide an in-line shaft type ball joint drive shaft, so as to solve the problem that there is a large contact stress between the in-line shaft and the transmission hole in the prior art, and the distribution of the contact stress is not reasonable enough, resulting in the transmission hole.
  • the mouth wears too fast and the service life of the product is low.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
  • a one-shaft type ball hinge transmission shaft comprising a ball socket, a ball head, and a one-word shaft.
  • the outer spherical surface of the ball head is positioned and limited to the positioning inner spherical surface of the ball socket to form a sliding matching pair; the ball head is provided with a transmission hole, After passing through the transmission hole of the ball head, the in-line shaft is hinged in the bearing hole of the ball socket through the bearing.
  • the in-line shaft is also coaxially provided with rolling elements.
  • the outside of the body is connected to the bearing; the two ends of the transmission hole of the ball head are also provided with a mouth surface, and the mouth surface is a curved surface adapted to the shape of the rolling body, and the rolling body is fitted on the mouth surface at both ends of the transmission hole of the ball head.
  • the ball head is simultaneously constrained by the positioning inner spherical surface of the ball socket, the in-line axis and the rolling element.
  • the rolling element can move around the in-line axis.
  • the axis When the axis rotates, it can roll along the surface of the transmission hole profile, so that the power and rotational speed can be transmitted between the ball shank axis and the ball socket axis under the condition that a certain angle is formed between the axis of the ball shank and the axis of the ball socket.
  • the outer surface of the rolling element and the die surface is a conical surface
  • the contact generatrix between the conical surface and the die surface is a straight line
  • extension line of the contacting generatrix passes through the center of the inner spherical surface of the ball socket.
  • the outer surface of the rolling element and the die surface is a revolving surface
  • the contact generatrix between the revolving surface and the die surface is a curve
  • the contact bus bar is a circular arc, a hyperbola or an involute.
  • bearing is a tapered roller bearing.
  • the bearing is a tapered roller bearing, and the rolling body and the inner ring of the bearing are of an integrated structure.
  • the ball socket is an integral type or a split type structure.
  • the drive shaft includes a spline shaft and a spline sleeve. Cooperate to realize the expansion and contraction of the transmission shaft.
  • the two ball sockets are symmetrically connected to each other, and are integrated for use.
  • the setting of the rolling element and the transmission hole profile improves the force condition of the transmission hole, reduces the stress concentration phenomenon, and improves the product life
  • the outer surface of the rolling element and the transmission orifice profile is a conical surface or a curved surface of revolution, which increases the contact force area of the transmission and reduces the contact stress of the transmission;
  • Embodiment 1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the AA cross-sectional view of Fig. 1;
  • Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is the CC cross-sectional view of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 is the B-B view of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 is the D-D view of Fig. 3;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the integration of the rolling elements and the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing in the split ball socket;
  • Figure 8 is a structural representation of the integration of the rolling elements in the integral ball socket and the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of an integral ball head ball socket
  • Fig. 10 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of integral ball head ball socket
  • Figure 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a split ball head and socket
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the split ball head and socket
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the paired use of two pairs of ball heads and ball sockets, and the transmission shaft is retractable in the length direction;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of two balls and sockets facing each other symmetrically integrated for use.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of the state in which the ball head of the transmission shaft rotates through a certain angle in the ball socket for transmission, and the axis of the ball shank and the axis of the ball socket form an included angle.
  • Q ball head
  • Q-1 transmission hole
  • Q-2 outer spherical surface of ball head
  • Q-3 ball head handle
  • Q-4 mouth surface
  • S straight shaft
  • W ball socket
  • W-1 positioning inner spherical surface
  • W-2 bearing hole
  • Z bearing
  • M rolling element
  • M-1 contact bus
  • G dust cover
  • C drive shaft.
  • the in-line ball hinge drive shaft includes a ball socket W, a ball head Q, and a flat shaft S.
  • the outer spherical surface of the ball head Q-2 is positioned and limited to the inner spherical surface W-1 of the ball and socket positioning.
  • a sliding matching pair is formed inside;
  • the ball head is provided with a transmission hole Q-1, and both ends of the transmission hole are also provided with a mouth surface Q-4, as shown in Figure 1;
  • a rolling body M is also coaxially arranged on the in-line shaft The rolling body is a cone with the axis of the in-line shaft as the center of rotation.
  • the two ends are hinged in the ball-socket bearing hole W-2 through the bearing Z and limit the axial direction of the rolling body.
  • the outer conical surface of the rolling element is matched with the mouth surface at both ends of the ball head drive hole;
  • the contact bus M-1 of the rolling element and the mouth mold surface is a straight line, and its extension line passes through the ball center of the ball head.
  • the ball head Q is simultaneously constrained by the inner spherical surface W-1, the in-line axis S and the rolling element M of the ball socket positioning, and the ball shank Q-3 of the ball head Q can locate the ball on the inner spherical surface around the ball socket.
  • the center swings, and the rolling body can roll along the surface of the transmission orifice while rotating around the axis of the in-line shaft, so as to achieve a certain angle between the axis of the ball shank and the axis of the ball socket.
  • Power/rev transfer as shown in Figure 15.
  • the rolling body is set as a cone, and the extension line of the contact generatrix between the rolling body and the die surface passes through the ball center of the ball head.
  • Embodiment 2 is a modification of Embodiment 1.
  • the main difference is that the shapes of the rolling elements are different.
  • the contact bus between the curved surface and the transmission orifice surface is a curve; according to actual needs, the curve can be set to different curve forms such as circular arc, hyperbola, involute, etc., which can increase the rolling element and ball head transmission orifice surface
  • the effective contact area during power transmission between them can reduce the contact stress and improve the product life.
  • the ball socket can be set as an integral structure or a split structure according to needs.
  • Figures 5, 9, and 10 are integral ball sockets
  • Figures 6, 11, and 12 are split balls.
  • Fossils, others are similar to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the bearing can be set as a tapered roller bearing, and the rolling elements can be integrated with the inner ring of the tapered roller bearing to reduce the number of parts, simplify the structure, improve quality and reduce costs; other and The above is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the pairing of two pairs of ball heads and ball sockets.
  • the two ball sockets are respectively arranged at both ends of the drive shaft C assembly.
  • the drive shaft is retractable in the length direction.
  • the cooperation of the sleeve realizes expansion and contraction to adapt to the change in the installation distance of the transmission shaft;
  • the dust cover G is sleeved on the outside of the spline shaft and the spline sleeve to prevent dust and seal the lubricating oil.
  • the expansion and contraction of the transmission shaft can also be used. It can be achieved by other methods, not limited to the above methods.
  • the installation direction of the in-line shaft needs to be consistent to improve the stability of the transmission; the others are similar to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of two ball sockets integrated back-to-back and used as a whole.
  • the two ball heads are respectively arranged at both ends of the transmission shaft assembly and are connected to the transmission system through the ball head handle; the others are similar to the above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the terms “arranged”, “installed”, “connected”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense. It can be a fixed connection, or a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种一字轴式球铰传动轴，一字轴(S)上还同轴设置有滚动体(M)，滚动体(M)为以一字轴(S)轴线为回转中心的回转体，滚动体(M)的上部与轴承(Z)相接；球头传动孔(Q-1)的两端还设置有口型面(Q-4)，口型面(Q-4)为与滚动体(M)外形相适应的曲面，滚动体(M)配合装配在球头传动孔(Q-1)两端的口型面(Q-4)内，球头(Q)同时受球窝定位内球面(W-1)、一字轴(S)及滚动体(M)的约束。该结构解决了现有技术中一字轴和传动孔之间存在较大的接触应力，且接触应力的分布不够合理，导致传动孔的口部磨损过快，产品使用寿命低的问题。

Description

一字轴式球铰传动轴 技术领域
本发明涉及机械设备领域，具体而言，涉及一种一字轴式球铰传动轴。
背景技术
本申请是在中国专利技术CN201710956327.X(申请日：2017-10-16，公开号：CN107605980A)及CN201721322884.8(申请日：2017-10-16，公开号：CN207333486U)基础上所作的进一步优化提升。上述专利技术在传动过程中，一字轴和传动孔之间存在较大的接触应力，且接触应力的分布不够合理，主要集中在了传动孔的口部位置，从而导致了传动孔的口部磨损过快，降低了产品的使用寿命；同时，圆柱形一字轴在传动孔表面上滚动的同时，其接触母线与传动孔接触表面之间存在较大的相对滑动，这加快了接触表面的磨损，不利于产品寿命的提高。本申请旨在克服上述不足，提高产品的寿命。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种一字轴式球铰传动轴，以解决现有技术中一字轴和传动孔之间存在较大的接触应力，且接触应力的分布不够合理，导致传动孔的口部磨损过快，产品使用寿命低的问题。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下的技术方案：
一种一字轴式球铰传动轴，包括球窝、球头、一字轴，球头外球面被定位限制在球窝的定位内球面内形成滑动配合副；球头上设置有传动孔，一字轴穿过球头的传动孔后通过轴承铰接在球窝的轴承孔内，一字轴上还同轴设置有滚动体，滚动体为以一字轴轴线为回转中心的回转体，滚动体的外部与轴承相接；球头的传动孔的两端还设置有口型面，口型面为与滚动体外形相适应的曲面，滚动体配合装配在球头的传动孔两端的口型面内，球头同时受球窝的定位内球面、一字轴及滚动体的约束，当球头的球头柄在绕球窝定位内球面的球心摆动时，滚动体可在绕一字轴轴线转动的同时可沿传动孔口型面的表面滚动，从而可在球头柄轴线与球窝轴线产生一定夹角的状态下实现二者之间的动力和转速的传递。
进一步的，滚动体与口型面相配合的外表面为圆锥面，该圆锥面与口型面的接触母线为直线。
进一步的，所述接触母线的延长线通过球窝的内球面的球心。
进一步的，滚动体与口型面相配合的外表面为回转曲面，该回转曲面与口型面的接触母线为曲线。
进一步的，所述接触母线为圆弧线、双曲线或渐开线。
进一步的，所述轴承为圆锥滚子轴承。
进一步的，所述轴承为圆锥滚子轴承，滚动体与轴承内圈为一体式结构。
进一步的，球窝为整体式或分体式结构。
进一步的，两组球头和球窝配合副配对使用，两个球窝分别设置在传动轴总成的两端，传动轴包括花键轴和花键套，通过花键轴和花键套的配合，实现传动轴的伸缩。
进一步的，两个球窝相向对称连接，集成为一体使用。
本发明具有以下有益效果：
(1)滚动体和传动孔口型面的设置改善了传动孔的受力状况，降低了应力集中现象，提高了产品寿命；
(2)滚动体与传动孔口型面相配合的外表面为圆锥面或者回转曲面，增大了传动的接触受力面积，降低了传动接触应力；
(3)降低或消除了一字轴传动时滚动体与传动孔口接触面之间的相对滑动，减少了滑动摩擦损失，降低了接触面的滑动磨损；
(4)方便维修，滚动体磨损后不必更换一字轴，仅更换滚动体即可，节约维修成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1结构示意图；
图2是图1的A—A剖视图；
图3是本发明实施例2结构示意图；
图4是图3的C—C剖视图；
图5是图1的B-B视图；
图6是图3的D-D视图；
图7为分体式球窝中滚动体与圆锥滚子轴承内圈集成为一体的结构示意；
图8为整体式球窝中滚动体与圆锥滚子轴承内圈集成为一体的结构示意；
图9为整体式球头球窝的立体结构示意图；
图10是整体式球头球窝的爆炸结构示意图；
图11为分体式球头球窝的立体结构示意图；
图12是分体式球头球窝的爆炸结构示意图；
图13是两对球头、球窝配合副配对使用的示意图，传动轴长度方向可伸缩；
图14是两个球窝相向对称集成为一体使用的示意图。
图15是传动轴球头在球窝内转过一定角度传动的状态示意图，球头柄轴线与球窝轴线成一夹角。
图中，Q、球头；Q-1、传动孔；Q-2、球头外球面；Q-3、球头柄；Q-4、口型面；S、一字轴；W、球窝；W-1、定位内球面；W-2、轴承孔；Z、轴承；M、滚动体；M-1、接触母线；G、防尘罩；C、传动轴。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
如图1、2所示，一字轴式球铰传动轴，包括球窝W、球头Q、一字轴S，球头外球面Q-2被定位限制在球窝定位内球面W-1内形成滑动配合副；球头上设置有传动孔Q-1，传动孔的两端还设置有口型面Q-4，如图1所示；一字轴上还同轴设置有滚动体M，滚动体为以一字轴轴线为回转中心的圆锥体，一字轴穿过球头的传动孔后，两端通过轴承Z铰接在球窝轴承孔W-2内并限制滚动体的轴向位置，滚动体的外圆锥面与球头传动孔两端的口型面配合；滚动体与口型面配合的接触母线M-1为直线，其延长线通过球头的球心。
如图2所示；球头Q同时受球窝定位内球面W-1、一字轴S及滚动体M的约束，球头Q的球头柄Q-3可绕球窝定位内球面的球心摆动，滚动体可在绕一字轴轴线转动的同时可沿传动孔口型面的表面滚动，从而可在球头柄轴线与球窝轴线产生一定夹角的状态下实现二者之间的动力/转速传递，如图15所示。
本实施例将滚动体设置为圆锥体，并使滚动体与口型面的接触母线的延长线通过球头的球心，其意义在于：在球头柄轴线与球窝轴线保持一定夹角的状态下传递动力时，可有利于滚动体在口型面上保持纯滚动状态，从而减少或避免滚动体与口型面接触面间的滑动摩擦，降低口型面及滚动体的磨损和发热，提高产品的使用寿命。
实施例2：
如图3、图4所示，实施2是实施例1的变形，主要区别在于：滚动体的外形不同，实施例2的滚动体与传动孔口型面相配合的外表面为回转曲面，该回转曲面与传动孔口型面的接触母线为曲线；根据实际需要，该曲线可设置为圆弧线、双曲线、渐开线等不同的曲线形式，可增加滚动体与球头传动孔口型面之间动力传递时的有效接触面积，降低接触应力，提高产品寿命。
实施例3：
如图5、6、9-12所示，根据需要，球窝可设置成整体式结构或分体式结构，图5、9、10为整体式球窝，图6、11、12为分体式球窝，其它与上述类似，在此不再重复。
实施例4：
如图7、图8所示，轴承可设置为圆锥滚子轴承，滚动体可与圆锥滚子轴承的内圈做成一体，以减少零部件数量，简化结构，提高质量，降低成本；其它与上述类似，在此不再重复。
实施例5：
图13展示了两对球头和球窝配合副配对使用的示意图，两个球窝分别设置在传动轴C总成的两端，传动轴长度方向可伸缩，伸缩可以通过花键轴与花键套的配合实现伸缩，以适应传动轴安装距离上的变化；防尘罩G套接在花键轴和花键套的外侧，用来防尘及密封润滑油，当然，传动轴的伸缩也可通过其他方式实现，并不局限上述方式，一字轴的安装方向需保持一致，以改善传动的平稳性；其它与上述类似，在此不再重复。
实施例6：
图14是两个球窝背对背集成为一体使用的示意图，两个球头分别设置在传动轴总成的两端，通过球头柄与传动系统对接；其它与上述类似，在此不再重复。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“前端”、“后端”、“左右”“上”、“下”、“水平”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“连通”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
当然，上述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定对本发明的实施例范围。本发明也并不仅限于上述举例，本技术领域的普通技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的均等变化与改进等，均应归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一字轴式球铰传动轴，包括球窝(W)、球头(Q)、一字轴(S)，球头外球面(Q-2)被定位限制在球窝(W)的定位内球面(W-1)内形成滑动配合副；球头(Q)上设置有传动孔(Q-1)，一字轴(S)穿过球头(Q)的传动孔(Q-1)后通过轴承(Z)铰接在球窝(W)的轴承孔(W-2)内，其特征在于：一字轴(S)上还同轴设置有滚动体(M)，滚动体(M)为以一字轴(S)轴线为回转中心的回转体，滚动体(M)的外部与轴承(Z)相接；球头(Q)的传动孔(Q-1)的两端还设置有口型面(Q-4)，口型面(Q-4)为与滚动体(M)外形相适应的曲面，滚动体(M)配合装配在球头(Q)的传动孔(Q-1)两端的口型面(Q-4)内，球头(Q)同时受球窝(W)的定位内球面(W-1)、一字轴(S)及滚动体(M)的约束。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，滚动体(M)与口型面(Q-4)相配合的外表面为圆锥面，该圆锥面与口型面(Q-4)的接触母线(M-1)为直线。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，所述接触母线(M-1)的延长线通过球窝(W)的内球面的球心。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，滚动体(M)与口型面(Q-4)相配合的外表面为回转曲面，该回转曲面与口型面(Q-4)的接触母线(M-1)为曲线。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，所述接触母线(M-1)为圆弧线、双曲线或渐开线。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，所述轴承(Z)为圆锥滚子轴承。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，所述轴承(Z)为圆锥滚子轴承(Z)，滚动体(M)与轴承(Z)内圈为一体式结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，球窝(W)为整体式或分体式结构。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，两组球头(Q)和球窝(W)配合副配对使用，两个球窝(W)分别设置在传动轴(C)总成的两端，传动轴(C)包括花键轴和花键套，通过花键轴和花键套的配合，实现传动轴的伸缩。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一字轴式球铰传动轴，其特征在于，两个球窝(W)相向对称连接，集成为一体使用。
PCT/CN2021/109954 2020-08-20 2021-08-02 一字轴式球铰传动轴 WO2022037399A1 (zh)

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