WO2022037367A1 - 自发电式海洋水质检测平台及自发电检测方法 - Google Patents

自发电式海洋水质检测平台及自发电检测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022037367A1
WO2022037367A1 PCT/CN2021/108440 CN2021108440W WO2022037367A1 WO 2022037367 A1 WO2022037367 A1 WO 2022037367A1 CN 2021108440 W CN2021108440 W CN 2021108440W WO 2022037367 A1 WO2022037367 A1 WO 2022037367A1
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self
water quality
baffle
generating
ratchet
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘庆玉
倪亭亭
杨发展
孙树峰
张峰
李克轩
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Qingdao University of Technology
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Qingdao University of Technology
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/182—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with a to-and-fro movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of self-generating water quality monitoring, and particularly relates to a self-generating marine water quality testing platform and a self-generating detection method.
  • Marine environmental monitoring is the foundation of marine environmental undertakings. Doing a good job in marine environmental monitoring is of great significance to promoting the healthy development of marine environmental undertakings and building a strong country with ecological civilization. The negative impact of marine debris on marine life and humans cannot be ignored, so water quality monitoring is also particularly important. Water quality monitoring is the most important work foundation and technical support for water resources protection. Accurate, timely and reliable water quality monitoring data is the basis for the administration of water resources protection according to law.
  • the present invention provides a self-generating marine water quality detection platform and a self-generating detection method.
  • the wave energy to generate self-generated electricity and directly supply power to the water quality monitoring sensor, it can avoid the tedious methods of land transmission or battery replacement, and make the water quality monitoring system more concise and convenient.
  • the present invention provides a self-generating marine water quality detection platform, including a self-generating system and a water quality detection sensor;
  • the self-generating system includes a fixing frame, a first baffle plate, a first connecting rod, a first pawl, a first ratchet wheel, a first large gear, a pinion gear and a generator
  • the fixing frame is installed on the detection platform
  • the first gear The plate is hinged with the fixing frame, one end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the first baffle plate, and the other end is connected with the first pawl, the first pawl is matched with the first ratchet, and the first ratchet and the first large gear are coaxially arranged,
  • the first large gear meshes with the pinion, and the pinion is connected to the input end of the generator;
  • the water quality detection sensor is arranged on the detection platform and is connected with the output end of the generator.
  • the present invention provides a self-generated detection method of a self-generated marine water quality detection platform, comprising the following steps:
  • the wave pulse impacts the first baffle, and the first baffle rotates and resets periodically.
  • the first guide rod drives the first pawl to move, so that the first ratchet rotates, and the first ratchet rotates.
  • the first big gear is driven to rotate, and the generator is driven by the pinion to supply power for the water quality detection sensor.
  • the self-generating marine water quality testing platform based on the ratchet mechanism directly transmits the generated electric energy to the water quality sensor, which not only makes the water quality sensor achieve a high degree of automation, reduces the environmental requirements of water quality testing, but also avoids land transmission or The step of replacing the battery reduces the demands on the environment and expands the scope of application.
  • the ultrasonic sensor detects the degree of seawater corrosion of the device and the adhesion of marine organisms by detecting the surface roughness of the baffle, which realizes real-time monitoring and avoids problems such as low power generation efficiency caused by damage to the device.
  • the ratchet mechanism adopts two baffles to collect the wave energy in both positive and negative directions separately, which avoids the need for the four-bar mechanism to rotate 360°, which is easy to produce dead ends, causing the device to be stuck and reversed.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a front view of a self-generating marine water quality testing platform based on a ratchet mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a top view of a partial assembly area of a self-generating marine water quality testing platform based on a ratchet mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a baffle of a self-generating marine water quality testing platform based on a ratchet mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the mutual meshing of the first large gear, the second large gear and the pinion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Wireless serial port 2. The first connecting rod; 3. Microcontroller; 4. Water pressure sensor; 5. Motor; 6. Gear; 7. Fixed frame; 8. Ultrasonic sensor; 9. Pawl; 10. Power machine; 11, the first large gear; 12, the first baffle; 13, the fixed platform; 14, the water quality detection sensor; 15, the first ratchet; 16, the small shaft; 17, the second ratchet; 18, the pinion; 19 , the second large gear; 20, the second baffle; 21, the spiral guide rail; 22, the second large shaft; 23, the first large shaft.
  • the present invention provides a self-generating marine water quality detection platform, including a self-generating system and a water quality detection sensor;
  • the self-generating system includes a fixing frame, a first baffle plate, a first connecting rod, a first pawl, a first ratchet wheel, a first large gear, a pinion gear and a generator
  • the fixing frame is installed on the detection platform
  • the first gear The plate is hinged with the fixing frame, one end of the first connecting rod is hinged with the first baffle plate, and the other end is connected with the first pawl, the first pawl is matched with the first ratchet, and the first ratchet and the first large gear are coaxially arranged,
  • the first large gear meshes with the pinion, and the pinion is connected to the input end of the generator;
  • the water quality detection sensor is arranged on the detection platform and is connected with the output end of the generator.
  • the self-generating system further includes a second baffle, a second connecting rod, a second pawl, a second ratchet and a second large gear
  • the second baffle is hinged with the fixing frame and is connected with the first baffle Oppositely arranged
  • one end of the second connecting rod is hinged with the second baffle, the other end is connected with the second pawl
  • the second pawl is matched with the second ratchet
  • the second ratchet and the second large gear are coaxially arranged
  • the second large The gear meshes with the first large gear.
  • the first baffle and the second baffle are set opposite to each other to collect the wave energy in both positive and negative directions separately, avoiding the need for the four-bar mechanism to rotate 360°, which is easy to produce dead angles, causing the device to be stuck, reversed, etc. problem arises.
  • first baffle and the second baffle are provided with ultrasonic sensors.
  • Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect the surface roughness of the first baffle and the second baffle and the adhesion of marine organisms.
  • the second large gear meshes with the pinion gear.
  • the fixing frame is provided with a first limit block and a second limit block, the first limit block is arranged at the maximum stroke of the first baffle, and the second limit block is arranged on the second baffle. at maximum travel.
  • the first limit block and the second limit block can ensure the safe and stable operation of the power generation system, and avoid excessive movement of the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate under the action of a large impact.
  • two sides of the fixing frame are respectively mounted on the detection platform by means of helical guide rails, the helical guide rails are rotatably mounted on the detection platform, and the helical guide rails are matched with the output end of the motor.
  • the motor drives the spiral guide rail to rotate, and then drives the fixed frame to move up or down, so as to adapt to the height of the sea surface when the tide is high and low, so as to achieve better power generation.
  • the single-chip microcomputer and the water pressure sensor are both arranged on the detection platform, and the water pressure sensor and the motor are both signal-connected to the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the water pressure sensor can measure the water pressure at its location in real time, and then determine the location of the power generation system.
  • the baffle of the power generation system When the sea level rises, the baffle of the power generation system is located below the sea surface, and the impact of the waves on it is small.
  • the single-chip microcomputer controls the action of the motor to move the fixed frame upward; when the liquid level of the sea surface drops, the baffle is exposed to the sea surface, and the impact of the waves on it is small. At this time, the single-chip microcomputer controls the motor action to move the fixed frame down.
  • the ultrasonic sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer. It is used to transmit the signal of the corrosion condition of the surface of the first baffle and the second baffle and the adhesion of marine organisms to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer controls the alarm device to give an alarm, so as to clean the baffle plate or replace the baffle plate in time.
  • the present invention provides a self-generated detection method of a self-generated marine water quality detection platform, comprising the following steps:
  • the wave pulse impacts the first baffle, and the first baffle rotates and resets periodically.
  • the first guide rod drives the first pawl to move, so that the first ratchet rotates, and the first ratchet rotates.
  • the first big gear is driven to rotate, and the generator is driven by the pinion to supply power for the water quality detection sensor.
  • the wave pulse impacts the second baffle, and the second baffle rotates and resets periodically.
  • the second guide rod drives the second pawl to move, so that the second ratchet rotates, and the second baffle rotates.
  • the second ratchet drives the second large gear to rotate, and the pinion drives the generator to work to supply power to the water quality detection sensor.
  • it also includes the step of monitoring the surface corrosion conditions of the first baffle plate and the second baffle plate and the marine life attachment situation in real time. In order to clean or replace the baffle in time, to ensure the smooth progress of self-power generation.
  • the step of adjusting the height of the fixed frame according to the change of the ocean liquid level is also included.
  • a self-generating marine water quality testing platform includes a wireless serial port 1, a connecting rod 2, a single-chip microcomputer 3, a water pressure sensor 4, a motor 5, a gear 6, a fixing frame 7, an ultrasonic sensor 8, a first spine Claw 9, generator 10, first large gear 11, first baffle 12, fixed platform 13, water quality detection sensor 14, first ratchet 15, small shaft 16, second ratchet 17, pinion 18, second large gear 19.
  • the second baffle plate 20 the spiral guide rail 21, the second large shaft 22 and the first large shaft 23.
  • Two ends of the fixed platform 13 are respectively connected to the frame body, and the frame body is directly fixed on the detection platform, so that the position of the fixed platform 13 is fixed.
  • the fixing frame 7 fixes the first baffle 12 and the second baffle 20 through hinges.
  • the two baffles are arranged opposite to each other, so that the two baffles can swing back and forth around the fixing frame 7.
  • the limit function so that both baffles can only swing to a certain angle.
  • the first baffle 12 is hinged with the first connecting rod 2, the end of the first connecting rod 2 is connected with the first pawl 9, and the first pawl 9 is inserted into the ratchet teeth of the first ratchet wheel 15 to push the first ratchet wheel 15 to the same Rotate in the opposite direction, so that the thrust of the waves on the baffle drives the ratchet mechanism to rotate.
  • the first ratchet 15 and the first large gear 11 are fixed to the first large shaft 23 through a key connection; the first ratchet 15 and the first large gear 11 are coaxially rotated to drive the gear mechanism to rotate.
  • the oppositely arranged second baffle 20 is hinged with the second connecting rod, the end of the second connecting rod is connected with the second pawl, and the second pawl is inserted into the ratchet teeth of the second ratchet to push the second ratchet to rotate in the same direction,
  • the thrust of the waves on the baffle drives the ratchet mechanism to rotate.
  • the second ratchet and the second large gear are fixed to the second large shaft through a key connection; the second ratchet and the second large gear 19 are coaxially rotated to drive the gear mechanism to rotate.
  • the second large gear 19 meshes with the pinion 18, which is fixed to the small shaft 16 by a keyed connection.
  • Both sides of the small shaft 16 are respectively connected with the generator 10 .
  • the generator 10 is driven to generate electricity by the rotation of the small shaft 16, and the wave energy is converted into mechanical energy and transmitted to the generator 10, thereby generating electricity.
  • the water pressure sensor 4 transmits electrical signals to the single-chip microcomputer when the tide ebbs and flows, and then controls the spiral guide rail 21.
  • the spiral guide rail 21 rotates to drive the device to rise or fall, so that the device can be adjusted in time when the tide ebbs and rises, and the device is improved.
  • the utilization rate of wave energy can prevent the device from being eroded by seawater.
  • the sides of the first baffle 12 and the second baffle 20 are provided with ultrasonic sensors 8, which can detect the degree of marine organism adhesion on the baffle surface and the degree of corrosion on the baffle surface, and share the data to the computer terminal through the wireless serial port. Alerts when there are too many.
  • the water quality detection sensor 14 can detect the water quality, share the data to the computer terminal through the wireless serial port, and issue an alarm when the water quality is polluted.
  • the first ratchet wheel 15 is connected in parallel with the first large gear 11, and is installed on the first large shaft 23. When the first ratchet wheel 15 rotates, it drives the first large gear 11 to rotate simultaneously.
  • the second large gear 19 meshes with the pinion 18 to drive the generator 10 to rotate.
  • the second large gear 19 meshes with the pinion gear 18, and drives the motor 10 to rotate through the pinion gear 18.
  • the water pressure sensor 4 senses the pressure of the water surface and transmits the electrical signal to the motor connected to the gear 6.
  • the motor drives the gear 6 to drive counterclockwise, and the spiral guide 21 coaxial with the gear 6 rotates to drive the upper part.
  • the platform rises; on the contrary, when the water pressure drops, the spiral guide rail 21 rotates counterclockwise to drive the upper platform to descend.
  • Ultrasonic sensor 8 detects the surface roughness of the baffle and the degree of adhesion of marine organisms on the surface of the baffle, transmits it to the wireless serial port in the form of PM wave, and then shares it to the computer terminal. alarm.
  • the water quality detection sensor 14 can detect the water quality, share the data to the computer terminal through the wireless serial port, and issue an alarm when the water quality is polluted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台及自发电检测方法，包括自发电系统和水质检测传感器。其中，自发电系统包括固定架（7）、挡板（12）、连杆（2）、棘爪（9）、棘轮（15）、大齿轮（11）、小齿轮（18）和发电机（10），固定架（7）安装在检测平台上，挡板（12）与固定架（7）铰接，连杆（2）的一端与第一挡板（12）铰接，另一端与棘爪（9）连接，棘爪（9）与棘轮（15）配合，棘轮（15）与大齿轮（11）共轴设置，大齿轮（11）与小齿轮（18）啮合，小齿轮（18）与发电机（10）输入端连接；水质检测传感器（14）设置于检测平台上，与发电机（10）的输出端连接。通过利用海浪能进行自发电，直接对水质监测传感器进行供电，可以避免陆地输电或更换蓄电池等方式的繁琐，使水质监测系统更加简洁、方便。

Description

自发电式海洋水质检测平台及自发电检测方法 技术领域
本发明属于自发电水质监测领域，具体涉及一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台及自发电检测方法。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
随着科技的高速发展和陆地能源的日益短缺，各国的开发眼光纷纷落到了海洋身上，这使得开发利用海洋资源、发展海洋经济逐渐成为许多国家经济的重要支撑。但近年来，海洋环境污染日趋严重，海洋生态环境受到了严重的破坏，海洋环境正在恶化的事实警示了海洋环境可持续发展的重要性。
海洋环境监测是海洋环境事业的基础，做好海洋环境监测工作对促进海洋环境事业健康发展、建设生态文明强国有着至关重要的意义。海洋垃圾对海洋生物和人类造成负面的影响不容忽视，因此水质监测也显得尤为重要。水质监测是水资源保护最重要的工作基础和技术支撑，准确、及时、可靠的水质监测数据是水资源保护依法行政的基础。
近年来，水质自动监测技术在许多国家地表水监测中得到了广泛的应用，但是发明人发现，水质监测过程中，一般是采用陆地输电或者更换蓄电池等方式进行供电，供电较为繁琐，且难以保证水质的持续监测。此外，由于海洋中海水腐蚀以及生物附着的影响，装置的完整度也是发电是否高效的关键影响因 素，现有技术中的水质检测装置没有对该种因素进行检测的功能。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台及自发电检测方法。通过利用海浪能进行自发电，直接对水质监测传感器进行供电，可以避免陆地输电或更换蓄电池等方式的繁琐，使水质监测系统更加简洁、方便。
为解决以上技术问题，本发明的以下一个或多个实施例提供了如下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台，包括自发电系统和水质检测传感器；
其中，自发电系统包括固定架、第一挡板、第一连杆、第一棘爪、第一棘轮、第一大齿轮、小齿轮和发电机，固定架安装在检测平台上，第一挡板与固定架铰接，第一连杆的一端与第一挡板铰接，另一端与第一棘爪连接，第一棘爪与第一棘轮配合，第一棘轮与第一大齿轮共轴设置，第一大齿轮与小齿轮啮合，小齿轮与发电机输入端连接；
水质检测传感器设置于检测平台上，与发电机的输出端连接。
第二方面，本发明提供一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台的自发电检测方法，包括如下步骤：
海洋水质检测过程中，海浪脉冲冲击第一挡板，第一挡板发生周期性转动-复位，转动时，通过第一导杆带动第一棘爪运动，使第一棘轮发生转动，第一棘轮带动第一大齿轮旋转，通过小齿轮带动发电机工作，为水质检测传感器供电。
与现有技术相比，本发明的以上一个或多个技术方案取得了以下有益效 果：
基于棘轮机构的自发电式海洋水质检测平台，将产生的电能对水质传感器进行直接输送，不仅使得水质传感器达到了高度自动化的目的，减少了水质检测对环境的要求，而且避免了陆上输电或者更换蓄电池的步骤，降低了对环境的需求，扩大了应用范围。
超声波传感器通过检测挡板表面粗糙度，来检测装置的海水腐蚀程度和海洋生物附着的情况，实现了实时监测，避免装置受损造成发电效率过低等问题。
棘轮机构采用两个挡板，将正反两方向海浪能分开收集，避免了四杆机构需旋转360°，易产生死角情况，使装置卡死、倒转等问题。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是本发明实施例的基于棘轮机构的自发电式海洋水质检测平台主视图结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的基于棘轮机构的自发电式海洋水质检测平台的局部装配区域俯视图结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的基于棘轮机构的自发电式海洋水质检测平台的挡板结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例的第一大齿轮、第二大齿轮以及小齿轮的相互啮合的结构示意图。
其中，1、无线串口；2、第一连杆；3、单片机；4、水压传感器；5、马达；6、齿轮；7、固定架；8、超声波传感器；9、棘爪；10、发电机；11、第一大齿轮；12、第一挡板；13、固定平台；14、水质检测传感器；15、第一棘 轮；16、小轴；17、第二棘轮；18、小齿轮；19、第二大齿轮；20、第二挡板；21、螺旋导轨；22、第二大轴；23、第一大轴。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是示例性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
第一方面，本发明提供一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台，包括自发电系统和水质检测传感器；
其中，自发电系统包括固定架、第一挡板、第一连杆、第一棘爪、第一棘轮、第一大齿轮、小齿轮和发电机，固定架安装在检测平台上，第一挡板与固定架铰接，第一连杆的一端与第一挡板铰接，另一端与第一棘爪连接，第一棘爪与第一棘轮配合，第一棘轮与第一大齿轮共轴设置，第一大齿轮与小齿轮啮合，小齿轮与发电机输入端连接；
水质检测传感器设置于检测平台上，与发电机的输出端连接。
在一些实施例中，自发电系统还包括第二挡板、第二连杆、第二棘爪、第二棘轮和第二大齿轮，第二挡板与固定架铰接，且与第一挡板相对设置，第二连杆的一端与第二挡板铰接，另一端与第二棘爪连接，第二棘爪与第二棘轮配合，第二棘轮与第二大齿轮共轴设置，第二大齿轮与第一大齿轮啮合。
设置第二组发电装置，第一挡板与第二挡板相对设置，将正反两方向海浪能分开收集，避免了四杆机构需旋转360°，易产生死角，使装置卡死、倒转等问题的产生。
进一步的，第一挡板和第二挡板的侧面均设置有超声波传感器。
超声波传感器用于检测第一挡板和第二挡板表面的粗糙度和海洋生物的附着情况。
进一步的，第二大齿轮与小齿轮啮合。
进一步的，所述固定架上设置有第一限位块和第二限位块，第一限位块设置于第一挡板的最大行程处，第二限位块设置于第二挡板的最大行程处。
第一限位块和第二限位块可以保证发电系统的安全稳定工作，避免第一挡板和第二挡板在较大冲击作用下的过运动。
在一些实施例中，所述固定架的两侧分别通过螺旋导轨安装在检测平台上，螺旋导轨可旋转地安装于检测平台上，且螺旋导轨与马达的输出端配合。
马达工作，带动螺旋导轨旋转，进而带动固定架上移或下移，以适应涨潮退潮时的海面高度，以更好地实现发电。
进一步的，还包括单片机和水压传感器，单片机和水压传感器均设置于检测平台上，水压传感器和马达均与单片机信号连接。
水压传感器可以实时测量其所处位置的水压，进而判定发电系统所处的位置，当海面液位上升时，发电系统的挡板位于海面以下，海浪对其冲击作用较小，此时，单片机控制马达动作，将固定架上移；海面液位下降时，挡板露出海面，海浪对其冲击作用较小，此时，单片机控制马达动作，将固定架下移。
更进一步的，所述超声波传感器与单片机连接。用于将第一挡板和第二挡板表面的腐蚀情况以及海洋生物的附着情况的信号传递给单片机，由单片机控 制报警装置报警，以便及时清理挡板或更换挡板。
第二方面，本发明提供一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台的自发电检测方法，包括如下步骤：
海洋水质检测过程中，海浪脉冲冲击第一挡板，第一挡板发生周期性转动-复位，转动时，通过第一导杆带动第一棘爪运动，使第一棘轮发生转动，第一棘轮带动第一大齿轮旋转，通过小齿轮带动发电机工作，为水质检测传感器供电。
在一些实施例中，还包括海浪脉冲冲击第二挡板，第二挡板发生周期性转动-复位，转动时，通过第二导杆带动第二棘爪运动，使第二棘轮发生转动，第二棘轮带动第二大齿轮旋转，通过小齿轮带动发电机工作，为水质检测传感器供电的步骤。
进一步的，还包括对第一挡板和第二挡板的表面腐蚀情况及海洋生物附着情况进行实时监控的步骤。以便对挡板进行及时清理或更换，保证自发电的顺利进行。
在一些实施例中，还包括根据海洋液位的变化，对固定架的高度进行调节的步骤。
实施例
如图1所示，一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台，包括无线串口1、连杆2、单片机3、水压传感器4、马达5、齿轮6、固定架7、超声波传感器8、第一棘爪9、发电机10、第一大齿轮11、第一挡板12、固定平台13、水质检测传感器14、第一棘轮15、小轴16、第二棘轮17、小齿轮18、第二大齿轮19、第二挡板20、螺旋导轨21、第二大轴22和第一大轴23。
固定平台13的两端分别连接架体，架体直接固定在检测平台上，使固定平台13位置固定。
固定架7通过铰链来固定第一挡板12与第二挡板20，两个挡板相对设置，使两个挡板绕固定架7能前后摆动，固定架7上设置的限位块起到限位作用，使两个挡板都只能摆动到一定角度。
第一挡板12与第一连杆2铰接，第一连杆2的端部连接第一棘爪9，第一棘爪9插入第一棘轮15的棘轮齿中，以推动第一棘轮15同向转动，使海浪对挡板的推力带动棘轮机构旋转。
第一棘轮15与第一大齿轮11通过键连接固定到第一大轴23；使第一棘轮15与第一大齿轮11同轴转动，带动齿轮机构旋转。
相对设置的第二挡板20与第二连杆铰接，第二连杆的端部连接第二棘爪，第二棘爪插入第二棘轮的棘轮齿中，以推动第二棘轮同向转动，使海浪对挡板的推力带动棘轮机构旋转。
第二棘轮与第二大齿轮通过键连接固定到第二大轴；使第二棘轮与第二大齿轮19同轴转动，带动齿轮机构旋转。第二大齿轮19与小齿轮18啮合，小齿轮18通过键连接固定到小轴16。
小轴16两侧分别与发电机10相连。通过小轴16旋转带动发电机10发电，将海浪能转化为机械能传递到发电机10，从而进行发电。
水压传感器4在退潮涨潮时将电信号传递给单片机，进而控制螺旋导轨21，螺旋导轨21旋转带动装个装置进行上升或下降，从而可使装置在退潮涨潮时做出及时调节，提高了装置对海浪能的利用率，同时可防止装置受海水的侵蚀。
第一挡板12和第二挡板20的侧面设置有超声波传感器8，可对挡板表面海洋生物附着程度及挡板表面的腐蚀程度进行检测，将数据通过无线串口共享至计算机终端，当附着过多时发出警报。
水质检测传感器14可对水质进行检测，将数据通过无线串口共享至计算机终端，当水质污染时发出警报。
具体工作过程为：
(1)海浪正向冲击第一挡板12使其倾倒，通过推动第一连杆2摆动。
(2)铰接在第一连杆2上的第一棘爪9插入第一棘轮15的齿内，使第一棘轮15顺时针转过一定角度。
(3)第一棘轮15与第一大齿轮11并联，且安装在第一大轴23上，第一棘轮15转动时带动第一大齿轮11同时转动。
(4)第一大齿轮11与第而大齿轮19啮合使第一大齿轮19逆时针转动。
(5)第二大齿轮19啮合小齿轮18带动发电机10转动。
(6)当海浪回流时，同样带动第二挡板20倾倒，相同原理带动第二大齿轮19逆时针转动。
(7)第二大齿轮19与小齿轮18啮合，通过小齿轮18带动电机10转动。
(8)此时，第一大齿轮11和第一棘轮15会跟随第二大齿轮齿轮19顺时针转动。第一棘爪9在第一棘轮15的齿上滑过，不会造成卡死，第一挡板12也可自动复位。
(9)水压传感器感4受水面压力，将电信号传递给与齿轮6相连的马达，当水压上升时，马达带动齿轮6逆时针传动，与齿轮6同轴的螺旋导轨21旋转带动上部平台上升；反之，当水压下降时，螺旋导轨21逆时针旋转带动上部平台下降。
(10)超声波传感器8通过检测挡板表面粗糙度和挡板表面海洋生物的附着程度，以PM波形式传输至无线串口，再共享至计算机终端，当海洋附着过多时或挡板腐蚀严重时发出警报。
水质检测传感器14可对水质进行检测，将数据通过无线串口共享至计算机终端，当水质污染时发出警报。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台，其特征在于：包括自发电系统和水质检测传感器；
    其中，自发电系统包括固定架、第一挡板、第一连杆、第一棘爪、第一棘轮、第一大齿轮、小齿轮和发电机，固定架安装在检测平台上，第一挡板与固定架铰接，第一连杆的一端与第一挡板铰接，另一端与第一棘爪连接，第一棘爪与第一棘轮配合，第一棘轮与第一大齿轮共轴设置，第一大齿轮与小齿轮啮合，小齿轮与发电机输入端连接；
    水质检测传感器设置于检测平台上，与发电机的输出端连接；
    还包括单片机和水压传感器，单片机和水压传感器均设置于检测平台上，水压传感器和马达均与单片机信号连接；
    所述固定架的两侧分别通过螺旋导轨安装在检测平台上，螺旋导轨可旋转地安装于检测平台上，且螺旋导轨与马达的输出端配合。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台，其特征在于：自发电系统还包括第二挡板、第二连杆、第二棘爪、第二棘轮和第二大齿轮，第二挡板与固定架铰接，且与第一挡板相对设置，第二连杆的一端与第二挡板铰接，另一端与第二棘爪连接，第二棘爪与第二棘轮配合，第二棘轮与第二大齿轮共轴设置，第二大齿轮与第一大齿轮啮合。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台，其特征在于：第一挡板和第二挡板的侧面均设置有超声波传感器。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台，其特征在于：第二大齿轮与小齿轮啮合。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台，其特征在于：所述固定架上设置有第一限位块和第二限位块，第一限位块设置于第一挡板的最 大行程处，第二限位块设置于第二挡板的最大行程处。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台，其特征在于：所述超声波传感器与单片机连接。
  7. 一种自发电式海洋水质检测平台的自发电检测方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    海洋水质检测过程中，海浪脉冲冲击第一挡板，第一挡板发生周期性转动-复位，转动时，通过第一导杆带动第一棘爪运动，使第一棘轮发生转动，第一棘轮带动第一大齿轮旋转，通过小齿轮带动发电机工作，为水质检测传感器供电。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台的自发电检测方法，其特征在于：还包括海浪脉冲冲击第二挡板，第二挡板发生周期性转动-复位，转动时，通过第二导杆带动第二棘爪运动，使第二棘轮发生转动，第二棘轮带动第二大齿轮旋转，通过小齿轮带动发电机工作，为水质检测传感器供电的步骤。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台的自发电检测方法，还包括对第一挡板和第二挡板的表面腐蚀情况及海洋生物附着情况进行实时监控的步骤。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的自发电式海洋水质检测平台的自发电检测方法，其特征在于：还包括根据海洋液位的变化，对固定架的高度进行调节的步骤。
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