WO2022018772A1 - Microwave disinfection system and method - Google Patents
Microwave disinfection system and method Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022018772A1 WO2022018772A1 PCT/IT2021/000036 IT2021000036W WO2022018772A1 WO 2022018772 A1 WO2022018772 A1 WO 2022018772A1 IT 2021000036 W IT2021000036 W IT 2021000036W WO 2022018772 A1 WO2022018772 A1 WO 2022018772A1
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- microwave
- microwave irradiation
- pathogens
- microwave disinfection
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Classifications
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/0005—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts
- A61L2/0011—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor for pharmaceuticals, biologicals or living parts using physical methods
- A61L2/0029—Radiation
- A61L2/0064—Microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
- A61L2/12—Microwaves
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- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/24—Apparatus using programmed or automatic operation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
- A61L9/18—Radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/02—Reservations, e.g. for tickets, services or events
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
- G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q50/00—Systems or methods specially adapted for specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
- G06Q50/10—Services
- G06Q50/26—Government or public services
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2202/14—Means for controlling sterilisation processes, data processing, presentation and storage means, e.g. sensors, controllers, programs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2202/00—Aspects relating to methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects
- A61L2202/20—Targets to be treated
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2209/00—Aspects relating to disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L2209/10—Apparatus features
- A61L2209/11—Apparatus for controlling air treatment
- A61L2209/111—Sensor means, e.g. motion, brightness, scent, contaminant sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates, in general, to a system and a method for microwave disinfection.
- the present invention relates to a system configured to destroy and/or inactivate pathogens (i.e. microorganisms that cause or may cause, or are responsible for causing, a disease in the human body, such as, for example, viruses, coronaviruses, viroids, germs, bacteria, mycetes (i.e. fungi), moulds, protozoa, prions, etc.) by microwave irradiation.
- pathogens i.e. microorganisms that cause or may cause, or are responsible for causing, a disease in the human body, such as, for example, viruses, coronaviruses, viroids, germs, bacteria, mycetes (i.e. fungi), moulds, protozoa, prions, etc.
- pathogens i.e. microorganisms that cause or may cause, or are responsible for causing, a disease in the human body
- the present invention also relates to a related microwave disinfection method.
- Viral and/or bacterial infections are known to cause significant mortality, particularly in elderly patients and/or with impaired immune systems.
- Viruses and bacteria survive on different environmental surfaces for several hours and some of them, even for days, thereby the risk of transmission from hands to surfaces and vice versa is very high.
- transmission routes include respiratory transmission by droplets and aerosols.
- Known disinfection techniques involve the use of various technologies, sometimes used in combination with each other, providing high levels of effectiveness in inactivating pathogens, but which nevertheless have several limitations related to the fact that their disinfection effectiveness is temporary, that they potentially release substances/elements that are harmful to the human body and that cannot be used with people being present.
- UVGI Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
- UVGI devices require the implementation of specific safety measures (such as the use of hazard warnings and/or warning devices/systems, operating equipment, risk information, etc.) and, often, also the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as eye protection, gloves, etc.
- PPE personal protective equipment
- ozone is formed from oxygen molecules (O2) in the presence of electrical discharges.
- Ozone is a powerful oxidising gas with antibacterial properties that spreads evenly throughout the environment to be treated, oxidising all organic compounds.
- ozone causes various types of effects affecting the respiratory tract, in particular it may:
- photocatalysis technology is also well known. It is based on the activation of a compound called a photocatalyst on the surface in the presence of light, which is able to generate radicals and reactive compounds that interact with organisms or chemical substances in the environment, which may come into contact with the photocatalytic surface either directly (by deposition) or by proximity (in the laminar layer of air near the surface).
- Photocatalysis may induce degradation in the case of simple compounds (proteins and DNA), an inhibiting effect in the case of viruses and bacteria.
- titanium dioxide the most commonly studied photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, is only activated when lighted with UV radiation, which is typically not available in sufficient amounts indoors, thus requiring the use of specific artificial UV sources.
- a general object of the present invention is to provide an innovative disinfection technology that is able to overcome or alleviate, at least in part, the advantages and limitations of the currently known disinfection technologies.
- a specific object of the present invention is to provide an innovative system which is capable of destroying and/or inactivating pathogens in real time and which may also be used with people being present without causing harmful or detrimental effects to the human body.
- the present invention relates to a microwave disinfection system configured to destroy or inactivate in real time one or more pathogens by one or more microwave irradiations, wherein said microwave disinfection system comprises a microwave disinfection device including:
- control section including electronic control means and storage means
- a microwave irradiation section controlled by the electronic control means and configured to emit microwave signals.
- the microwave disinfection system further comprises human-machine interface means connected to the control section and configured to allow a user to configure the control section by setting and storing in the storage means one or more predefined microwave irradiation parameters related to one or more predefined microwave disinfection treatments against one or more pathogens.
- the electronic control means are configured to operate the microwave irradiation section on the basis of the predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s) stored in the storage means so that said microwave irradiation section performs the predefined microwave disinfection treatment(s) against said pathogen (s).
- the microwave irradiation section is configured to, when operated by the electronic control means, perform one or more microwave irradiations based on said predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s).
- the present invention also relates to a microwave disinfection method which is based on the use of said microwave disinfection system and which comprises:
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a microwave disinfection system according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7 shows experimental results related to in vitro inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 using microwave inactivation treatment.
- the present invention relates, first of all, to a microwave disinfection system, in particular a system configured to destroy and/or inactivate in real time pathogens (i.e. microorganisms that cause or may cause, or are responsible for causing, a disease in the human body, such as, for example, viruses, coronaviruses, viroids, germs, bacteria, mycetes (i.e. fungi), moulds, protozoa, prions, etc.) by microwave irradiation and related resonant microwave absorption by the pathogens, wherein said microwave disinfection system may also be used with people being present without causing harmful effects on the human body.
- pathogens i.e. microorganisms that cause or may cause, or are responsible for causing, a disease in the human body, such as, for example, viruses, coronaviruses, viroids, germs, bacteria, mycetes (i.e. fungi), moulds, protozoa, prions, etc.
- the present invention also relates to a microwave disinfection method based on the use of said microwave disinfection system.
- the microwave disinfection system 1 comprises a microwave disinfection device 10 including:
- control section 11 for instance, conveniently implemented in the form of one or more respective electronic boards
- storage means 112 for instance, conveniently implemented in the form of one or more setup storages
- a microwave irradiation section 12 which preferably includes - electronic signal generating means 121 (for instance, conveniently made in the form of one or more respective electronic boards) controlled by the electronic control means 111,
- a signal amplification section 122 which, in use, is commanded by the electronic signal generating means 121 and is controlled by the electronic control means 111 and which preferably includes electronic signal amplification means 123 and signal filtering means 124, and
- the microwave disinfection system 1 also comprises human-machine interface (HMI) means 13 which, in the example shown in Figure 1, are external to the microwave disinfection device 10 and are remotely connected, preferably in wireless mode, to the control section 11.
- HMI human-machine interface
- HMI means 13 may be connected to the control section 11 in a wired or wireless mode, for example via a connection based on Universal Serial Bus technology (USB), or via one or more networks based on Internet Protocol (IP), conveniently the Internet network, and/or via one or more cellular telephone networks (e.g., GSM, GPRS, UMTS, HSPA, LTE, 4.5G, 5G, etc.) and/or one or more local, home, business, public, private area networks, or via Bluetooth, etc.
- USB Universal Serial Bus technology
- IP Internet Protocol
- Such HMI means 13 may be conveniently implemented by means of a PC, laptop, tablet, smartphone, smartwatch, etc.
- HMI means 13 may, instead, be conveniently integrated into the microwave disinfection device 10, e.g. they may be conveniently implemented in the form of one or more displays (such as of the touchscreen type) and/or one or more User Interface (UI) devices of the hard and/or soft key type.
- UI User Interface
- the control section 11 may be configured by a user by means of the HMI means 13 by: • setting one or more predefined microwave irradiation parameters related to one or more predefined microwave disinfection treatments against one or more pathogens; and
- HMI means 13 are configured to allow a user to set up and store in the storage means 112 one or more predefined microwave irradiation parameters related to one or more predefined microwave disinfection treatments against one or more pathogens, thereby configuring the control section 11 to perform said predefined microwave disinfection treatment(s) against said pathogen (s) by means of the microwave irradiation section 12.
- HMI means 13 are configured to allow a user to set and store in the storage means 112, for a specific pathogen (conveniently, for each pathogen of a plurality of given pathogens), one or more respective predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s) related to one or more respective predefined microwave disinfection treatments against said specific pathogen, wherein said respective predefined microwave irradiation parameter (s) may conveniently include one or more of the following parameters related to microwave inactivation of said specific pathogen:
- microwave irradiation wavelengths i.e. one or more predefined frequencies
- predefined wavelength bands i.e. one or more predefined frequency bands
- microwave irradiation timing parameters e.g., in terms of duration of each individual microwave irradiation and frequency of repetition of microwave irradiations
- HMI means 13 are configured to store in the storage means 112, for the specific pathogen (conveniently, for each pathogen of said given pathogens), a respective library containing said respective predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s).
- the electronic control means 111 are, therefore, configured to operate, i.e. to control the operation of, said microwave irradiation section 12 (in particular to operate, i.e. to control the operation of said electronic signal generating means 121 and said signal amplification section 122) on the basis of said predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s) stored in the storage means 112 so that said microwave irradiation section 12 performs said predefined microwave disinfection treatment(s) against said pathogen (s).
- the microwave irradiation section 12 is configured to perform, when operated by the electronic control means 111, one or more microwave irradiations based on said predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s), or to emit microwave signals in accordance with said predefined microwave irradiation parameter (s) (e.g., with the predefined waveform(s), and/or the predefined wavelength or frequency (s), and/or predefined wavelength or frequency(s), and/or the predefined wavelength or frequency band(s), and/or the predefined timing parameter (s), and/or the predefined power(s)).
- predefined microwave irradiation parameter e.g., with the predefined waveform(s), and/or the predefined wavelength or frequency (s), and/or predefined wavelength or frequency(s), and/or the predefined wavelength or frequency band(s), and/or the predefined timing parameter (s), and/or the predefined power(s)).
- the microwave disinfection device 10 preferably also comprises one or more presence (or proximity) sensors 14 (for instance, conveniently based on infrared - IR technology) configured to:
- microwave disinfection device 10 • detect the presence of one or more persons near the microwave disinfection device 10 (e.g., within a predefined distance from the latter), or in a given environment in which said microwave disinfection device 10 is installed/arranged;
- microwave disinfection device 10 preferably also comprises one or more pathogen 15 detectors configured to:
- the electronic control means 111 which are preferably configured to operate the microwave irradiation section 12 based on the predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s) stored in the storage means 112 (conveniently, based on the respective predefined microwave irradiation parameter(s) stored in the storage means 112 for the pathogen (s) detected by the pathogen detector(s) 15).
- Such pathogen detector(s) 15 may be conveniently implemented by means of one or more sensors of the CRISPR type (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), such as the field-effect transistors disclosed in Reza Hajian et al, "Detection of unamplified target genes via CRISPR-Cas9 immobilized on a graphene field-effect transistor", Nature Biomedical Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 427- 437, 25 March 2019, or the synthetic biological sensors disclosed in Peter. Q. Nguyen et al, "Wearable materials with embedded synthetic biology sensors for biomolecule detection", Nature Biotechnology, 28 June 2021.
- CRISPR type Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
- the microwave disinfection device 10 may also conveniently comprise one or more environmental sensors 16 (e.g., a temperature sensor and/or a pressure sensor and/or a humidity sensor and/or one or more detectors of pollutant/harmful elements/substances, etc.) configured to send respective environmental monitoring data to the electronic control means 111, which are conveniently configured to control the operation of the microwave irradiation section 12 based also on the environmental monitoring data received from the environmental sensor(s) 16.
- environmental sensors 16 e.g., a temperature sensor and/or a pressure sensor and/or a humidity sensor and/or one or more detectors of pollutant/harmful elements/substances, etc.
- the microwave disinfection device 10 also comprises a power supply section (not shown in Figure 1 for simplicity) for supplying electrical power to the control section 11 (in particular, to the electronic control means 111 and the storage means 112), the microwave irradiation section 12 (in particular, to the electronic signal generating means 121 and the signal amplification section 122), the presence sensor(s) 14, the pathogen detector(s) 15 and the environmental sensor(s) 16.
- a power supply section (not shown in Figure 1 for simplicity) for supplying electrical power to the control section 11 (in particular, to the electronic control means 111 and the storage means 112), the microwave irradiation section 12 (in particular, to the electronic signal generating means 121 and the signal amplification section 122), the presence sensor(s) 14, the pathogen detector(s) 15 and the environmental sensor(s) 16.
- the electronic control means 111 may be, for example, implemented by means of a microcontroller which has two cores with WLNA, Bluetooth, SPI, I2Cbus interfaces so as to be able to communicate with different mobile devices and/or external HMIs, to program the various logical functions of the microwave disinfection device 10 and to manage the data exchange between the sensors/detectors 14, 15, 16 and other components of the microwave disinfection device 10;
- the electronic signal generating means of 121 may, for example, comprise a programmable synthesised frequency generator capable of generating a variable frequency signal, for example between 6 and 18 GHz (e.g., through the use of one or more tunable local oscillators, one or more mixers, one or more digital-to-analogue converters, etc.) - the management of the time sequence of the generated frequencies may, for example, be performed by appropriate programming of the electronic control means 111;
- the electronic signal amplification means 123 are configured to amplify the signal provided at the output of the electronic signal generating means 121, for example to transmit by means of the antenna 125 a power signal up to 10 W at continuous wave (CW) - the electronic signal amplification means 123 may be, for example, implemented by means of a variable radio frequency (RF) attenuator and two amplifiers of medium and high power respectively - the correct attenuation values may be set by means of the electronic control means 111 and it is possible to control switching on the amplifiers so that the correct power values to be irradiated can be sent towards the antenna 125; • the output signal from the signal amplification section 122 is sent via RF cable to the antenna 125 by means of which the electromagnetic signal is irradiated in a predefined coverage area and at predefined electric field levels;
- RF radio frequency
- the sensors/detectors 14, 15, 16 are able to provide information to the electronic control means 111 which, by means of programmable logic, can manage different techniques for inactivating pathogens; furthermore, the information provided by the sensors/detectors 14, 15, 16 may also be sent to HMI means 13;
- the power supply section may be, for example, implemented by means of an alternating to direct current (AC/DC) converter and a series of DC/DC converters capable of transforming a 220V AC input supply voltage to the DC voltages required to power the various devices/components of the microwave disinfection device 10.
- AC/DC alternating to direct current
- DC/DC converters capable of transforming a 220V AC input supply voltage to the DC voltages required to power the various devices/components of the microwave disinfection device 10.
- the present invention also relates to a microwave disinfection method based on the use of the microwave disinfection system 1.
- Said microwave disinfection method comprises:
- the microwave disinfection method comprises:
- the microwave disinfection method comprises:
- the respective microwave irradiation parameter (s) determined for the specific pathogen, or for each of the given pathogens include/includes one or more of the following parameters:
- microwave irradiation wavelengths i.e. one or more frequencies
- microwave irradiation wavelength bands i.e. one or more frequency bands
- the microwave disinfection system 1 appears to be programmable and has air sanitization agnostic abilities by using microwaves, conveniently via the technique called Microwave Resonant Absorption (MRA) - in this regard, reference can be made, for example, to Yang SC. et al., "Efficient Structure Resonance Energy Transfer from Microwaves to Confined Acoustic Vibrations in Viruses", Scientific Reports 5, 18030, December 2015.
- MRA Microwave Resonant Absorption
- the microwave disinfection system 1 is able to sanitise the air from pathogenic elements in real time (in this context the expression "in real time” may conveniently indicate a time period in the order of a few minutes) with a technique that does not require evacuation of the area submitted to the microwave disinfection treatment as the emission of the microwave signals will conveniently always be below a predefined safety threshold (e.g., in accordance with the maximum radiated electric field strength to which a person may be subjected as provided by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) - "ICNRIP Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields (Up to 300 GHz)", Health Physics 74(4), p. 494-522, 1998).
- ICNIRP International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection
- the microwave disinfection system 1 may be conveniently dimensioned for disinfecting small to medium-sized, preferably confined areas (e.g. lifts, train/metro carriages, planes, medical premises, such as operating rooms, commercial premises, meeting rooms, offices, etc.).
- the microwave disinfection system 1 has the ability to be programmable as it is preferably based on a Software Defined Radio (SDR) architecture and it is possible to load the settings related to time, duration, power and frequency of microwave emission depending on the pathogens to be inactivated (i.e., each virus corresponds to a frequency of microwave signal coupling with its dipolar acoustic resonance) .
- SDR Software Defined Radio
- the microwave disinfection system 1 is able to be programmed to contrast new pathogens (and their variants) once identified the characteristics of the optimal type of microwave transmission for their inactivation. It is thereby possible to create an "optimised pathogen-waveform inactivation microwave signal" library. This library may be updated on the microwave disinfection device 10 as new viruses or, more generally, new pathogens appear.
- the microwave disinfection system 1 is preferably able to work in an "agnostic" manner, i.e.
- the microwave disinfection device 10 may also be configured to work in two modes:
- an active mode i.e. it only activates when there are people in the room where it is placed in order to perform disinfection only when necessary, thus optimising energy consumption;
- a timed mode i.e. it may be conveniently configured for periodically generating programmable and automatic microwave signals for emitting microwaves even without people.
- the microwave disinfection device 10 is also able to connect to an external control unit by means of a physical interface (via USB or Ethernet or other) or wirelessly (Bluetooth, or other type of RF connection) in order to be programmed or to exchange data and/or information regarding the status of the device or the analysis of the air in the agnostic mode by means of a special software application (also known simply as an app).
- a physical interface via USB or Ethernet or other
- wirelessly Bluetooth, or other type of RF connection
- the microwave disinfection device 10 may conveniently include:
- an analogue microwave part which performs the up- conversion and amplification of the signal
- an antenna 125 preferably an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna, capable of irradiating the generated microwave signal.
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
- the composition of the microwave disinfection system 1 may also be conveniently optimised according to the type of environment in which it operates. In fact, depending on the type of installation, in addition to the level of power and frequency, it is possible to use an antenna with a different type of beam in order to best irradiate and thus maximise the disinfection process.
- the shape and directivity of the beam may be programmed locally (e.g. by pre-programming) or remotely.
- the microwave disinfection system 1 may conveniently also perform a multispectral-type treatment as it may also conveniently have a section capable of sucking in air and performing a UVGI type disinfection treatment inside the microwave disinfection device 10 by means of a UV-C lamp.
- the ability of the microwave disinfection system 1 to be "agnostic" may conveniently include the use of sensors 15 so that the pathogens of interest (ideally, all pathogens) may be detected.
- the operation of the system according to the present invention is based on the ability to inactivate pathogens by the effect of dipolar coupling between microwave electromagnetic waves and Confined Acoustic Vibrations (CAV).As known, in fact, Microwave Resonant Absorption (MRA) occurs when the confined acoustic vibration shifts the charges of microorganisms and changes their dipole moments.
- CAV Confined Acoustic Vibrations
- the microwave disinfection system 1 shown in Figure 1 and described in detail above makes it possible to obtain different embodiments of said system suitable for different operational scenarios and/or usable for different applications, i.e. so that they may be easily installed in environments with different characteristics and sizes and/or so that they may be advantageously exploited for different applications .
- FIGS 2-4 schematically show (with parts removed for the clarity of illustration and parts schematised) three embodiments of the microwave disinfection system 1, more specifically the microwave disinfection device 10, namely:
- IOC denotes said microwave disinfection device 10 and is implemented as a device installed/placed on the floor, in particular on the floor of a meeting room, wherein said microwave disinfection device IOC could conveniently also be a device of a mobile/transportable type - for example, said microwave disinfection device IOC could conveniently have wheels).
- microwave disinfection system 1 i.e. microwave disinfection device 10
- microwave disinfection device 10 may be advantageously used in any indoor environment (e.g. hospitals, canteens, offices, workplaces, schools, airports, stations, etc.).
- microwave disinfection system 1 A further application of the microwave disinfection system 1 is the disinfection/sanitisation of clothing made from non-metallic fabrics (e.g. cotton, wool, linen, etc.).
- the microwave disinfection system 1 can be conveniently configured to operate minimising the disinfection/sanitisation time as it does not require direct exposure of each individual face of the garments to be treated .
- SARS-CoV-2 virus particles have been detected up to one day after contamination (see Report by the Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS)): "Raccomandazioni ad interim sulla sanificazione di strutture non sanitarie nell'attuale emergenza COVID-19: superfici, ambienti interni e abbigliamento"- 15th May 2020).
- Recommended sanitisation methods provide using Medical Devices (Presidi Medico Chirurgici - PMC) or biocidal products. Both are chemicals that can lose their antiviral or antibacterial effectiveness over time, and the environmental impact and human health risks associated with their use must also be considered.
- the microwave 1 disinfection system offers a solution to the above problems by ensuring the inactivation of the pathogens present on the fabrics, allowing them to be safely reused at the end of each disinfection/sanitisation cycle.
- FIGs 5A and 5B schematically show an embodiment of the microwave disinfection system 1, more specifically of the microwave disinfection device 10, for the disinfection/sanitisation of clothing and/or garments (or, more generally, objects of any kind made of non-metallic fabrics).
- the microwave disinfection device 10 (which in said Figures 5A and 5B is denoted by 10D) is implemented in the form of a sort of top-loading washing machine, wherein:
- control section 11 and the microwave irradiation section 12 are installed in an upper lid 21 which may be closed or opened, i.e. which is movable between a first position in which it closes an inner compartment 22 in which a basket 23 is installed and - a second position in which it is raised, thus leaving the access to the inner compartment 22 and basket 23 open;
- the antenna 125 is installed on the upper lid 21 so that it faces the inner compartment 22 and the basket 23;
- the microwave disinfection system 1 may also conveniently have further pathogen inactivation technologies, such as ultraviolet lighting means configured to emit ultraviolet (UV) light, conveniently in the UV-C band, and/or means configured to perform an ozone-based disinfection treatment, and/or means based on photocatalysis technology.
- ultraviolet lighting means configured to emit ultraviolet (UV) light
- UV-C band conveniently in the UV-C band
- means configured to perform an ozone-based disinfection treatment
- means based on photocatalysis technology may also conveniently have further pathogen inactivation technologies, such as ultraviolet lighting means configured to emit ultraviolet (UV) light, conveniently in the UV-C band, and/or means configured to perform an ozone-based disinfection treatment, and/or means based on photocatalysis technology.
- a further independent additional section may also be conveniently arranged in which the air present in the environment where the microwave disinfection device 10 is arranged is conveyed (e.g. by means of suction means) in order to submit the conveyed/sucked air to a disinfection/sanitisation/sterilisation treatment, for example of the UVGI type, and then reintroduce it into the environment.
- a disinfection/sanitisation/sterilisation treatment for example of the UVGI type
- This option offers the clear advantage of being able to simultaneously perform two different, mutually independent disinfection treatments using a single system/device.
- the other subsystem may continue to operate autonomously, allowing (e.g. health personnel) to safely complete the tasks they are involved in.
- FIG 6 shows schematically (with parts removed for clarity of illustration and parts schematised) an embodiment of the microwave disinfection system 1, more specifically the microwave disinfection device 10, to perform either microwave or UVGI-type disinfection treatments.
- the microwave disinfection device 10 (which in said Figure 6 is denoted by 10E) includes:
- a first subsystem 101 that is arranged in an upper part of said microwave disinfection device 10E and is configured to perform one or more microwave disinfection treatments (in accordance with the foregoing);
- a second subsystem 102 which is arranged in a lower part of said microwave disinfection device 10E, includes one or more UV lamps 103 and is configured to perform a UVGI- type disinfection/sanitization/sterilization treatment of the air conveyed through said lower part of the microwave disinfection device 10E.
- microwave disinfection system 1 is the possibility of working on libraries; in fact, each different pathogen has its own characteristic resonance frequency determined by the physical structure and electrical signature of the particle.
- the nominal resonance frequencies are reported in the following table (i.e., analytically calculated - see A. Barbora, R. Minnes, "Targeted antiviral practical notes for Clinical Application", August 2020) whereby it is possible to maximise energy transfer for influenza A, EV71 and SARS-CoV-2 and thus achieve inactivation of these pathogens.
- the Applicant carried out a first series of experimental in vitro inactivation tests of SARS-CoV-2 treated by microwave signal, the results of which are shown in Figure 7, where it can be noted that, the treatment of the viral culture sample being equal, a higher inactivation is obtained at 10 GHz.
- the performance lower than 1 log is mainly due to the fact that the microwave signal is not able to penetrate aqueous solutions and therefore has, in this case, a limited effectiveness (in this regard, reference can be made, for example, to C. Wang et al., "Airborne disinfection using microwave-based technology: Energy efficient and distinct inactivation mechanism compared with waterborne disinfection", Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 137, 2019).
- the Applicant also carried out a second set of experimental aerosol inactivation tests of a solution containing SARS-CoV-2 using the following test parameters :
- Inactivation was measured by cytopathic technique by comparing the residual titre of an aerosol-submitted but non-treated virus sample with an aerosol-submitted sample treated by microwave signal according to the set-up described above.
- the system according to the present invention is able to inactivate in real time a plurality of pathogens (viruses and bacteria of various shapes and dimensions) thanks to the possibility of identifying and activating, for each of them, a corresponding frequency suitable for activating the resonant effect.
- the system according to the present invention represents the first possible mechanism for inactivating airborne viruses without restricting the presence of people, as the microwave energy required (i.e., the maximum intensity of the irradiated electric field) meets the guidelines set out by ICNIRP.
- the system according to the present invention unlike conventional disinfection methods, ensures continuous air disinfection and may operate effectively even in environments with poor or no air exchange.
- the system according to the present invention may be programmed to selectively inactivate one or more pathogens according to the contamination characteristics of the installation site, conveniently also in multispectral mode by equipping the system with a UV-C lamp.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
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CN202180051873.3A CN116490218A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Microwave sterilization system and method |
IL299247A IL299247A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Microwave disinfection system and method |
CA3186520A CA3186520A1 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Microwave disinfection system and method |
EP21772850.0A EP4181966A1 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Microwave disinfection system and method |
JP2023504208A JP2023535009A (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Microwave disinfection system and method |
AU2021310857A AU2021310857A1 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Microwave disinfection system and method |
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JP (1) | JP2023535009A (en) |
CN (1) | CN116490218A (en) |
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CN114767910A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-07-22 | 山东浪潮新基建科技有限公司 | Disinfection control method and controller |
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2021
- 2021-07-20 CA CA3186520A patent/CA3186520A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-20 IL IL299247A patent/IL299247A/en unknown
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- 2021-07-20 AU AU2021310857A patent/AU2021310857A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-20 CN CN202180051873.3A patent/CN116490218A/en active Pending
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WO2004069288A2 (en) * | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-19 | Air Technology Research, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for air sterilization |
US20210085814A1 (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2021-03-25 | Nxgen Partners Ip, Llc | Miniaturized device to sterilize surfaces from covid-19 and other viruses and bacteria |
US10561751B1 (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-02-18 | Fu Tai Hua Industry (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. | Sterilization assembly of mobile device |
CN111481711A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-08-04 | 吉利汽车研究院(宁波)有限公司 | Equipment and vehicle with germ prevention function |
AU2020101948A4 (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2020-10-01 | Sandip Prakash Chavhan | Kitchen Items Cleaning Device: KITCHEN ITEMS CLEANING AND DISINFECTING DEVICE USING WATER AND UV-LIGHT |
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IL299247A (en) | 2023-02-01 |
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