WO2022017539A1 - 一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法 - Google Patents
一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022017539A1 WO2022017539A1 PCT/CN2021/110817 CN2021110817W WO2022017539A1 WO 2022017539 A1 WO2022017539 A1 WO 2022017539A1 CN 2021110817 W CN2021110817 W CN 2021110817W WO 2022017539 A1 WO2022017539 A1 WO 2022017539A1
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- echo signal
- ultrasonic echo
- tree canopy
- ultrasonic
- thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/88—Sonar systems specially adapted for specific applications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S15/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/52—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00
- G01S7/539—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S15/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for detecting the thickness of a tree canopy based on ultrasonic echo signals, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery information sensing and detection, in particular, to a method suitable for sensing the thickness of a tree canopy by using an ultrasonic sensor detection technology.
- the traditional sensing and detection methods of tree canopy thickness mainly use the ranging principles of infrared, ultrasonic and laser.
- the layers are distributed symmetrically.
- the distance between the machine and the tree canopy is detected by infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors and laser sensors, so as to indirectly calculate the thickness of the tree canopy along the ultrasonic detection direction.
- the traditional tree canopy thickness sensing and detection methods have the following problems: First, in the actual operation process, the distance between the agricultural machinery and the center of the tree canopy is constantly changing, while the traditional method assumes this distance Therefore, a large error is introduced in the calculation of the tree canopy thickness. Second, this method is suitable for spindle-shaped fruit trees with good symmetry, but it has poor applicability to fruit trees whose canopy is asymmetric, such as fence-shaped fruit trees.
- the invention provides a method for detecting the thickness of tree canopy based on ultrasonic echo signals.
- the invention takes advantage of the ultrasonic sensor's advantages of good reliability, strong applicability, fast signal response and low cost, and proposes a method by ultrasonic echo signal.
- the method of detecting the thickness of tree canopy directly by wave signal is suitable for all kinds of fruit trees such as spindle-shaped and fence-shaped, and has the characteristics of high accuracy and wide application range.
- the ultrasonic sensor sends an ultrasonic transmission signal to the tree canopy, and the tree canopy reflects the ultrasonic echo signal to obtain the ultrasonic echo signal.
- the ultrasonic echo signal consists of voltage data and its corresponding time data.
- voltage data generation array V i [V 1 , V 2 , V 3 ,...V n ]
- time data generation array T [T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ,... T n ]
- i 1 , 2, 3...n.
- the last valid peak V y of the signal, the time data corresponding to V y is the last valid peak time Ty .
- MAX(V j-1 , V j-2 ,...V js ) is the maximum value in the array [V j-1 , V j-2 ,... V js ]
- MAX(V j+1 ,...V n ) is the maximum value in the array [V j+1 ,...V n ]
- f is the sampling frequency of the ultrasonic echo signal, the unit is Hertz.
- the calculation formula of the tree canopy thickness L is obtained as follows:
- the method provided by the present invention can directly use the ultrasonic echo signal to calculate the value of the thickness of the tree canopy, without considering the distance between the agricultural machinery and the tree canopy, and at the same time, it has no effect on the shape of the tree. It is suitable for the detection of tree canopy thickness under various operating conditions and different trees.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic sensor detecting a tree canopy thickness scheme according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic transmission signal and an ultrasonic echo signal according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic echo signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic sensor for detecting the thickness of a tree canopy provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic sensor 1 sends an ultrasonic transmission signal 4 facing the tree canopy 3, and the tree canopy 3 reflects to form an ultrasonic echo Signal 5, the thickness 2 of the tree canopy along the ultrasonic detection direction emitted by the ultrasonic sensor 1 is shown in FIG. 1 .
- a typical ultrasonic transmission signal 4 and ultrasonic echo signal 5 are shown in Figure 2. Both the ultrasonic transmission signal 4 and the ultrasonic echo signal 5 are composed of voltage data and corresponding time data within a certain period of time. Among them, the ultrasonic transmission signal 4 consists of voltage data between times T a and T b and its corresponding time data, and ultrasonic echo signal 5 consists of voltage data between times T c and T d and its corresponding time data.
- a typical ultrasonic echo signal 5 is shown in FIG. 3 , and the ultrasonic echo signal 5 consists of voltage data between times T c and T d .
- voltage data generation array V [V 1 ; V 2 ; V 3 ;...V n ]
- time data generation array T [T 1 ; T 2 ; T 3 ;... T n ]
- i 1, 2, 3...n.
- the detection calculation of the tree canopy thickness 2 is performed, and the specific steps are as follows:
- the last valid peak V y of the signal, the time data corresponding to V y is the last valid peak time Ty , as shown in FIG. 3 .
- MAX(V j-1 , V j-2 ,...V js ) is the maximum value in the array [V j-1 , V j-2 ,... V js ]
- MAX(V j+1 ,...V n ) is the maximum value in the array [V j+1 ,...V n ]
- f is the sampling frequency of the ultrasonic echo signal, the unit is Hertz.
- the calculation formula of the tree canopy thickness L is obtained as follows:
- the tree canopy thickness L is detected, and the comparison between the tree canopy thickness L and the actual tree canopy thickness LO is shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 Comparison of the thickness of the canopy layer of the present invention and the actual tree body
- the tree canopy thickness L obtained in the embodiment of the present invention is very close to the actual tree canopy thickness LO, and the relative error ⁇ is between 3% and 5%. This result shows that the present invention is accurate It has the characteristics of high performance and is especially suitable for the detection of various fruit trees in mountainous and hilly areas.
- the relative error ⁇ is defined as: Where ⁇ is the relative error, the unit is %, L is the thickness of the tree canopy, the unit is meters, and LO is the actual tree canopy thickness, the unit is meters.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| 树体冠层厚度L(米) | 实际树体冠层厚度LO(米) | 相对误差δ(%) |
| 0.29 | 0.30 | -3.3 |
| 0.42 | 0.40 | 5.0 |
| 0.52 | 0.50 | 4.0 |
| 0.57 | 0.60 | -5.0 |
Claims (5)
- 一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法,其特征在于,超声波传感器面向树体冠层发出超声波发射信号,树体冠层反射形成超声回波信号,获取超声回波信号,超声回波信号由电压数据和其对应的时间数据组成;其中,电压数据生成数组V i=[V 1,V 2,V 3,……V n];时间数据生成数组T=[T 1,T 2,T 3,……T n];i=1,2,3……n,树体冠层厚度L的计算公式如下:
- 如权利要求1所述的一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法,其特征在于,超声回波信号的第一个有效波峰时间获取方法如下:从i=2开始,对数组V中的V i进行依次判别,随着i逐渐增大,当第一个V i同时满足V i>V i-1和V i>MAX(V i+1,V i+2…V i+m)时,设定V i为超声回波信号的第一个有效波峰V x,V x对应的时间数据为第一个有效波峰时间T x;其中i取2,3,4…n;MAX(V i+1,V i+2,…V i+m)为数组[V i+1,V i+2,…V i+m]中的最大值;m为第一个有效波峰的有效数。
- 如权利要求2所述的一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法,其特征在于,第一个有效波峰的有效数m=k 1f,k 1为采样时长,k 1=0.001-0.0005,单位为秒;f为超声回波信号的采样频率,单位为赫兹。
- 如权利要求1所述的一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法,其特征在于,超声回波信号的最后一个有效波峰时间获取方法如下:从j=n-1开始,对数组V中的V j依次进行判别,随着j逐渐减小,当第一个V j同时满足V j>MAX(V j-1,V j-2,…V j-s)和V j>MAX(V j+1,…V n)时,设定V j为超声回波信号的最后一个有效波峰V y,V y对应的时间数据为最后一个有效波峰时间T y;其中j取1,2,3…n-1;MAX(V j-1,V j-2,…V j-s)为数组[V j-1,V j-2,…V j-s]中的最 大值,MAX(V j+1,…V n)为数组[V j+1,…V n]中的最大值;s为最后一个有效波峰的有效数。
- 如权利要求4所述的一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法,其特征在于,最后一个有效波峰的有效数s=k 2f,k 2为采样时长,k 2=0.0005-0.0001,单位为秒;f为超声回波信号的采样频率,单位为赫兹。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US17/627,693 US11680793B2 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-08-05 | Method for detecting thickness of tree canopy based on ultrasonic echo signal |
| GB2200627.4A GB2599333B (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-08-05 | Method for detecting thickness of tree canopy based on ultrasonic echo signal |
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| CN202010725096.3A CN111781605B (zh) | 2020-07-24 | 2020-07-24 | 一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法 |
| CN202010725096.3 | 2020-07-24 |
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| US (1) | US11680793B2 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN111781605B (zh) |
| GB (1) | GB2599333B (zh) |
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| CN111781605B (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2022-07-22 | 江苏大学 | 一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法 |
| CN115629393B (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-04-21 | 北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心 | 生物量估算方法、装置、系统、电子设备及存储介质 |
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| JP2010096752A (ja) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-30 | Adoin Kenkyusho:Kk | 樹木情報計測方法、樹木情報計測装置、プログラム |
| DE102010033213A1 (de) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-09 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zur Auswertung von Signalen eines Ultraschallsensors und Vorrichtung zur Umfelderfassung |
| CN104062644A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-09-24 | 董立新 | 一种从激光雷达高斯回波数据中提取树高的方法 |
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| CN110506723A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-29 | 江苏大学 | 一种基于果树冠层叶面积指数的变量喷雾控制系统及方法 |
| CN111781605A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏大学 | 一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法 |
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| JPS57136107A (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-08-23 | Teitsuu Denshi Kenkyusho:Kk | Ultrasonic thickness measuring method and apparatus |
| CN109764809B (zh) * | 2019-01-22 | 2024-09-17 | 西南大学 | 一种基于二维激光传感器实时测算果树冠层体积的方法 |
| CN110703277B (zh) * | 2019-10-21 | 2021-12-24 | 北京师范大学 | 基于全波形激光雷达数据反演森林冠层聚集指数的方法 |
| WO2023044311A1 (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2023-03-23 | Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic tree measurement system |
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- 2020-07-24 CN CN202010725096.3A patent/CN111781605B/zh active Active
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2021
- 2021-08-05 WO PCT/CN2021/110817 patent/WO2022017539A1/zh not_active Ceased
- 2021-08-05 GB GB2200627.4A patent/GB2599333B/en active Active
- 2021-08-05 US US17/627,693 patent/US11680793B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010096752A (ja) * | 2008-09-16 | 2010-04-30 | Adoin Kenkyusho:Kk | 樹木情報計測方法、樹木情報計測装置、プログラム |
| DE102010033213A1 (de) * | 2010-08-03 | 2012-02-09 | Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh | Verfahren zur Auswertung von Signalen eines Ultraschallsensors und Vorrichtung zur Umfelderfassung |
| CN104062644A (zh) * | 2013-11-22 | 2014-09-24 | 董立新 | 一种从激光雷达高斯回波数据中提取树高的方法 |
| CN104199042A (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-10 | 李亚锋 | 多回波激光测距方法及激光测距仪 |
| CN105866792A (zh) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 | 一种新的星载激光雷达树高提取方法 |
| CN110506723A (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-29 | 江苏大学 | 一种基于果树冠层叶面积指数的变量喷雾控制系统及方法 |
| CN111781605A (zh) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-10-16 | 江苏大学 | 一种基于超声回波信号的树体冠层厚度探测方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20220364856A1 (en) | 2022-11-17 |
| CN111781605B (zh) | 2022-07-22 |
| US11680793B2 (en) | 2023-06-20 |
| CN111781605A (zh) | 2020-10-16 |
| GB2599333B (en) | 2023-03-15 |
| GB2599333A (en) | 2022-03-30 |
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