WO2022017536A1 - 一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统 - Google Patents

一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022017536A1
WO2022017536A1 PCT/CN2021/108495 CN2021108495W WO2022017536A1 WO 2022017536 A1 WO2022017536 A1 WO 2022017536A1 CN 2021108495 W CN2021108495 W CN 2021108495W WO 2022017536 A1 WO2022017536 A1 WO 2022017536A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
energy storage
module
water
cooled
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐若晨
刘明义
曹曦
曹传钊
裴杰
刘大为
朱勇
李�昊
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Huaneng Group Technology Innovation Center Co Ltd
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Huaneng Clean Energy Research Institute
Huaneng Group Technology Innovation Center Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
    • H02J7/65—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements against overtemperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • H02J3/322—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/90—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/971—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/975—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/977—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and in particular relates to a modular distributed water-cooled battery energy storage system.
  • battery energy storage As the most rapidly developing energy storage mode, battery energy storage has the advantages of high energy density, high energy conversion efficiency, fast response speed, and high adjustment accuracy.
  • the battery energy storage system mainly stores and releases electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. It can complete the AGC dispatch command within 1s, effectively improving the frequency regulation capability of the power system.
  • battery energy storage technology occupies an increasingly important position in the power energy storage market, there are still major problems in practical application of battery energy storage systems.
  • the battery energy storage technology generally adopts the method of connecting battery packs in series and then in parallel. This mode requires high consistency of batteries. When a battery module fails or catches fire, the other battery modules are not affected. and the entire battery system can cause irreversible damage.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a modularized distributed water-cooled battery energy storage system, which has high stability, high efficiency, simple installation and operation and maintenance, and can completely solve the problems in the battery energy storage system.
  • the invention discloses a modularized distributed water-cooled battery energy storage system, comprising a water-cooled circulation system, a DC-AC module and a battery module; each battery module corresponds to a series-connected DC-AC module, and the DC-AC module is connected to an external power grid;
  • the DC-AC module integrates a battery management system and a thermal management system, the battery management system and the thermal management system are connected to the battery module, and the thermal management system is connected to the water cooling circulation system;
  • the battery module includes several connected battery cells; the DC-AC module and The battery module is set in the battery energy storage package, and the water cooling circulation system is connected to all the battery energy storage packages.
  • the single cells in the battery module are connected in series.
  • the single battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary battery.
  • the single cells in the same battery module are of the same type, and the single cells in different battery modules are of the same type or different.
  • the water cooling circulation system includes a water pump, a pipeline and a radiator, the radiator is arranged between the battery energy storage packs, the radiator and the water pump are connected by a pipeline, and the water pump is connected to the thermal management system.
  • an air cooling system is also provided in the battery energy storage package.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • the invention discloses a modularized decentralized water-cooled battery energy storage system.
  • the modularized decentralized battery energy storage system greatly reduces the complexity of connection and installation of large-scale battery energy storage systems, and can only use simple installation and connection procedures. Direct use reduces the installation time of the energy storage system and improves the efficiency, saving a lot of time and cost.
  • the battery module is directly connected to the external power grid, which means that each battery module directly contributes to the power grid independently, which is easy to expand and can be applied on a large scale.
  • Each battery module has a battery management system and a thermal management system, which can separately manage the operation of the respective battery modules, and can charge and discharge the battery modules under their control according to the needs of the external circuit and the battery conditions.
  • a single module can be replaced or repaired directly. All battery modules are independent of each other and do not affect each other, which greatly improves the safety, reliability and operation efficiency of the system. At the same time, different battery modules can use different types or different grades of single cells.
  • the water cooling circulation system can ensure that the temperature between the battery modules is kept in a constant range, and at the same time, the number of cooling fans can be reduced, the cooling effect can be improved, and the stability and safety of the battery can be improved.
  • the single cells in the battery module are connected in series, so that the capacity between the single cells can be kept balanced, and the stability of the system can be improved.
  • the single battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary battery.
  • most electric vehicles use these two kinds of batteries. They can be used in this system after they are retired, and different types of batteries that are retired can be used in one. On different modules of the system, the scalability of the system is greatly improved.
  • the single cells in the same battery module are of the same type, and the consistency is high; the same or different types of single cells in different battery modules do not affect the application of the energy storage system, and the application range of the battery can be expanded, such as echelon Utilization of batteries.
  • an air cooling system is also provided in the battery energy storage package, which cooperates with the water cooling circulation system to improve the heat dissipation performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the modular distributed water-cooled battery energy storage system of the present invention.
  • 1 is the water cooling circulation system
  • 2 is the DC-AC module
  • 3 is the battery module.
  • the modularized distributed water-cooled battery energy storage system of the present invention includes a water-cooled circulation system 1, a DC-AC module 2 and a battery module 3; Module 2 is connected to the external grid.
  • the water cooling circulation system 1 includes a water pump, a pipeline and a radiator.
  • the radiator is arranged between the battery energy storage packs to cover each battery energy storage pack to improve the heat dissipation effect.
  • the radiator and the water pump are connected by pipelines, and the water pump and the heat Manage system connections.
  • the DC-AC module 2 integrates a battery management system and a thermal management system, the battery management system and the thermal management system are connected to the battery module 3, and the thermal management system is connected to the water pump of the water cooling circulation system 1 to control the cooling water circulation volume and circulation speed;
  • the battery module 3 includes a number of battery cells connected in series or in parallel, the single battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary battery, the single battery type in the same battery module 3 is the same, and the single battery type in different battery modules 3 is the same or different.
  • the DC-AC module 2 and the battery module 3 are arranged in the battery energy storage package. There is also an air cooling system in the battery energy storage package, which cooperates with the water cooling circulation system to improve the heat dissipation performance.
  • the battery management system and thermal management system are integrated on the DC-AC module 2.
  • the battery management system and the thermal management system read the parameters during the operation of the battery, analyze the real-time situation of these parameters, and then control the module through the DC-AC module 2.
  • the working state of the battery in the middle thereby improving the operating efficiency of the battery.
  • the battery management system and thermal management system control the charging and discharging of the battery module by obtaining the real-time operating parameters of the battery and monitoring the output power required by the external power grid, so as to realize the judgment of the battery fault, ensure the stable output of the power of the energy storage system, and protect the power grid. dynamic balance.
  • the water cooling circulation system 1 between all the battery modules 3 can absorb a large amount of heat by circulating the cooling water inside the pipeline through the water pump, so as to ensure that the temperature between the battery modules 3 does not change significantly, thereby ensuring the normal operation of all the battery modules 3 . Because the working state of the battery will change significantly with the change of temperature, ensuring that the battery operates at a relatively stable temperature can improve the safety, operating efficiency and cycle stability of the battery.
  • the water cooling circulation system 1 can reduce the number of fans in the system and improve the heat dissipation effect.
  • Each battery module 3 is an independent system. When a fault occurs, a single module can be directly replaced; when a module is added, a single module can be directly added to connect to the external power grid.
  • the battery module 3 is installed in the battery energy storage package, which is different from the traditional container battery energy storage device.
  • the battery energy storage technology generally adopts the method of connecting battery packs in series and then in parallel, which requires high battery consistency.
  • a cell failure occurs in a group, it can affect the operation of the entire battery cluster. Defects in battery control technology can also lead to failures due to inconsistencies in operation between battery clusters. For example, if several batteries in a series-connected battery cluster fail, resulting in insufficient voltage of the whole group, other batteries may be charged all the time, causing other normal batteries to be overcharged, which is prone to safety accidents and cause circuit fires.
  • the single battery adopts lithium iron phosphate battery.
  • the lithium iron phosphate battery cells are grouped in series to form a battery module with a power of 125kW/125kWh.
  • a single battery module is an independent system, and each battery module has an independent battery. Management system and thermal management system, as well as independent DC-AC modules.
  • Each battery module can self-control, self-regulate, and not affect each other.
  • Each battery module is directly connected to the external grid and can be charged and discharged independently.
  • the battery module can directly realize the bidirectional boost drop between the battery module and the AC bus, and each battery module can convert the AC voltage to 800-850V through DC-AC.
  • the disclosed technical content is mainly the battery module architecture in the battery energy storage system, and the examples described above are only illustrative, such as the type of battery used , which can be lithium iron phosphate batteries, or other types of batteries, for example, multiple units or components can be combined or can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开的一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，属于电池管理技术领域。每个电池模块对应串联一个DC-AC模块，DC-AC模块连接至外部电网；水冷循环系统与所有电池模块连接；DC-AC模块集成有电池管理系统和热管理系统，电池管理系统和热管理系统与电池模块连接，热管理系统与水冷循环系统连接；电池模块包括若干相连的电池单体，电池模块设在电池储能包内。该系统具有高稳定性、高效率，安装及运维简单，可彻底解决电池储能系统中的电池模块间的温度不一致的问题。

Description

一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统 技术领域
本发明属于电池管理技术领域，具体涉及一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统。
背景技术
随着化石燃料资源逐渐枯竭和环境问题日益突出，传统的火电面临巨大压力。随着人们环保意识的增强和国家政策的推动，越来越多可再生能源开始进入发电领域，例如风力发电、光伏发电、水力发电、生物质能发电、核能发电等方式。因为风电、光伏等可再生能源发电具有波动性和不确定性，随着这些可再生能源发电量的提升，大规模的高比例的波动性电力并网会给电网的稳定运行带来极大的挑战。如何保证电力供应和需求之间的平衡，如何保证电力系统的频率稳定和安全性、可靠性，已经成为目前亟待解决的重点问题。对可再生能源发电系统配备一定容量的储能装置，可以对电站起到调峰调频、削峰填谷，提高新能源的利用比率和能源的利用效率，保障电网的安全和稳定运行。
电池储能作为发展最迅速的储能模式，它具有能量密度高、能量转换效率高、响应速度快、调节精度高等优点。电池储能系统主要通过将电能以化学能的形式进行储存和释放，它可以在1s内完成AGC调度指令，有效提高电力系统的调频能力。尽管电池储能技术具在电力储能市场占有越来越重要的地位，但是目前电池储能系统在实际应用中还存在较大问题。电池储能技术目前普遍采用的是电池组串联成组然后再并联到一起的方式，这样的模式对电池的一致性要求很高，当一个电池模块发生故障或者起火的时候，对其他的电池模块和整个电池系统都会造成不可逆的损害。另一方面，因为目前储能系统热管控技术不完善，在运行的过程中极易导致电池模块间的温度偏差较大从而导致运行状态的不一致，从而导致故障的出现，甚至发生安全事故，引起火灾。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，该系统具有高稳定性、高效率，安装及运维简单，可彻底解决电池储能系统中的电池模块间的温度不一致的问题。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
本发明公开了一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，包括水冷循环系统、DC-AC模块和电池模块；每个电池模块对应串联一个DC-AC模块，DC-AC模块连接至外部电网；DC-AC模块集成有电池管理系统和热管理系统，电池管理系统和热管理系统与电池模块连接，热管理系统与水冷循环系统连接；电池模块包括若干相连的电池单体；DC-AC模块和电池模块设在电池储能包内，水冷循环系统与所有电池储能包连接。
优选地，电池模块中的单体电池为串联。
优选地，单体电池为磷酸铁锂电池或三元电池。
优选地，同一电池模块中的单体电池类型相同，不同电池模块中的单体电池类型相同或不同。
优选地，水冷循环系统包括水泵、管路和散热器，散热器设在电池储能包之间，散热器与水泵之间通过管路连接，水泵与热管理系统连接。
优选地，电池储能包内还设有风冷系统。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：
本发明公开的一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，模块化的分散式电池储能系统极大地降低了大规模电池储能系统连接安装的复杂性，采用简单的安装和连接程序即可直接使用，降低了储能系统的安装时间并提高效率，节约大量时间和成本。电池模块直接与外电网相连，相当于每个电池模块直接单独为电网出力，便于扩展，可大规模大容量应用。每个电池模块都具有电池管理系统和热管理系统，可以分别单独管理各自电池模块的运行情况，可以根据外电路的需求情况和电池情况对各自管控的电池模块进行充放电管理，当电池模块发生故障时，可以直接进行单个模块的更换或者维修。所有电池模块相互独立，互不影响，极大地提高了系统的安全性、可靠性和运行效率，同时，不同电池模块间可采用不同 型号或不同梯次的单体电池。采用水冷循环系统，可以保证电池模块之间的温度保持在一个恒定的区间，同时可以减少散热风扇的数量，提高散热效果，提高电池的稳定性和安全性。
进一步地，电池模块中的单体电池为串联，单体电池间容量能够保持均衡，提高系统的稳定性。
进一步地，单体电池为磷酸铁锂电池或三元电池，目前电动汽车大多数使用的就是这两种电池，退役以后都可以使用在该系统上，并且退役的不种类电池可以用在用一个系统的不同模块上，大大提高系统的可扩展性。
进一步地，同一电池模块中的单体电池类型相同，一致性较高；不同电池模块中的单体电池类型相同或不同，均不影响储能系统的应用，可以扩大电池的应用范围，例如梯次电池的利用。
进一步地，电池储能包内还设有风冷系统，与水冷循环系统配合，提高散热性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统的整体结构示意图。
图中：1为水冷循环系统，2为DC-AC模块，3为电池模块。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述，其内容是对本发明的解释而不是限定：
如图1，本发明的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，包括水冷循环系统1、DC-AC模块2和电池模块3；每个电池模块3对应串联一个DC-AC模块2，DC-AC模块2连接至外部电网。水冷循环系统1包括水泵、管路和散热器，散热器设在电池储能包之间，覆盖每个电池储能包，提高散热效果，散热器与水泵之间通过管路连接，水泵与热管理系统连接。
DC-AC模块2集成有电池管理系统和热管理系统，电池管理系统和热管理系统与电池模块3连接，热管理系统与水冷循环系统1的水泵连接，用以控制冷却水循环量和循环速度；电池模块3包括若干串联或并联的电池单体，单体电池为磷酸铁锂电池或三元电池，同一电池模块3中的单体电池类型相同，不同电池模块3中的单体电池类型相同或不同。DC-AC模块2和电池模块3设在电池储能包内。电池储能包内还设有风冷系统，与水冷循环系统配合，提高散热性能。
上述模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统在工作时：
DC-AC模块2上集成有电池管理系统和热管理系统，电池管理系统和热管理系统通过读取电池运行过程中的参数，分析这些参数的实时情况然后通过DC-AC模块2来控制该模块中电池的工作状态，从而提高电池的运行效率。电池管理系统和热管理系统通过获取电池的实时运行参数以及监控外部电网所需的输出功率从而来控制电池模块的充放电，实现对电池故障的判断，保证储能系统功率平稳地输出，保障电网的动态平衡。
所有电池模块3之间的水冷循环系统1，通过水泵让管路内部的冷却水循环，可以吸收大量热量，保证电池模块3之间的温度不发生明显变化，从而保障所有电池模块3的正常工作。因为电池的工作状态随温度的变化会发生明显的变化，保障电池运行在一个相对稳定的温度可以提高电池的安全性、运行效率和循环稳定性。水冷循环系统1可减少系统内风扇的数量，提高散热效果。
各电池模块3都是独立的系统，当发生故障时，直接更换单个模块即可；当增加模块时，直接添加单个模块接入外部电网即可。电池模块3装置于电池储能包内，不同于传统的集装箱电池储能装置，目前电池储能技术普遍采用电池组串联成组再并联的方式，对电池一致性要求很高，当一个电池模组中出现电芯故障时，会对整个电池簇的运行造成影响。由于电池簇之间运行的不一致性，电池控制技术的缺陷也可能导致故障出现。例如，一个串联的电池簇中如果有几个电池出现故障，导致整组电压不够，可能就会对其它电池一直充电，导致其它正常的电池过充，易出现安全事故，引起电路起火。
下面以一个具体实施例来对本发明的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统进行进一步地解释：
单体电池采用磷酸铁锂电池，磷酸铁锂电池单体通过串联的方式成组，组成功率为125kW/125kWh的电池模块，单个电池模块都是独立的系统，每个电池模块都有独立的电池管理系统和热管理系统，以及独立的DC-AC模块。每个电池模块均可自我管控、自我调节、互不影响。每个电池模块直接与外部 电网相连接，均可进行独立的充放电。电池模块可直接实现电池模块与交流母线之间的双向升压降，每个电池模块经DC-AC可变换交流电压为800-850V。
需要说明的是，在本申请所提供的实施例中，所揭露的技术内容，主要是电池储能系统中的电池模块架构，以上所描述的实例仅仅是示意性的，例如所采用的电池种类，可以是磷酸铁锂电池，也可以是其它类型的电池，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可忽略或不执行。
以上所述仅为本发明实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内可轻易想到的变化或者替换，或利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构或者等效流程变换，或直接、间接运用在其他相关技术领域的情况，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，其特征在于，包括水冷循环系统(1)、DC-AC模块(2)和电池模块(3)；每个电池模块(3)对应串联一个DC-AC模块(2)，DC-AC模块(2)连接至外部电网；DC-AC模块(2)集成有电池管理系统和热管理系统，电池管理系统和热管理系统与电池模块(3)连接，热管理系统与水冷循环系统(1)连接；电池模块(3)包括若干相连的电池单体；DC-AC模块(2)和电池模块(3)设在电池储能包内，水冷循环系统(1)与所有电池储能包连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，其特征在于，电池模块(3)中的单体电池为串联。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，其特征在于，单体电池为磷酸铁锂电池或三元电池。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，其特征在于，同一电池模块(3)中的单体电池类型相同，不同电池模块(3)中的单体电池类型相同或不同。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，其特征在于，水冷循环系统(1)包括水泵、管路和散热器，散热器设在电池储能包之间，散热器与水泵之间通过管路连接，水泵与热管理系统连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的模块化分散式水冷电池储能系统，其特征在于，电池储能包内还设有风冷系统。
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