WO2022016595A1 - 一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022016595A1 WO2022016595A1 PCT/CN2020/105600 CN2020105600W WO2022016595A1 WO 2022016595 A1 WO2022016595 A1 WO 2022016595A1 CN 2020105600 W CN2020105600 W CN 2020105600W WO 2022016595 A1 WO2022016595 A1 WO 2022016595A1
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- arc
- circuit breaker
- arc power
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- electrical wear
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
- H01H2001/0031—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator by analysing radiation emitted by arc or trace material
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- the invention relates to a method for evaluating the electrical wear degree of the arc contacts of a circuit breaker, in particular to a method for detecting the electrical wear state of the contacts of a circuit breaker by using arc power.
- circuit breakers are mainly used to isolate electrical equipment reliably and in a timely manner to protect equipment from abnormal accidents.
- the circuit breaker When the circuit breaker is working, it is often affected by electromagnetic force, mechanical force and thermal stress, resulting in a certain degree of electrical wear, which will cause the performance of the circuit breaker to decrease and the operating state to be affected. Therefore, in order to ensure the stable operation of the circuit breaker, it is necessary to detect the operation status of the circuit breaker in real time.
- Circuit breaker status monitoring methods can be divided into offline monitoring, online monitoring and real-time monitoring.
- the research results show that the arc voltage and current of the circuit breaker are related to the degradation degree of the nozzle and arc contacts of the circuit breaker. Therefore, the arc power and arc energy will affect the electrical wear degree of the arc contacts of the circuit breaker to a certain extent.
- the power-based state detection algorithm has been successfully used in the detection of grid power loss, magnetic pole slip and generator asymmetry faults.
- the present invention proposes a method for detecting the electrical wear state of the contacts of a circuit breaker by using arc power.
- the method can be applied to any type of circuit breaker and has better real-time performance. Specifically, by measuring the instantaneous voltage on the terminals of the circuit breaker and the instantaneous current through the circuit breaker during arc discharge, the arc discharge power and energy are calculated accordingly, and the cumulative arc energy of the circuit breaker is used as the degradation level of the arc contact. Evaluation index to evaluate the electrical wear of circuit breaker contacts. Through simulation and experiment, it is verified that the method can more accurately evaluate the electrical wear of the circuit breaker contacts and realize the state monitoring of the circuit breaker.
- the present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
- a method for detecting electrical wear state of circuit breaker contacts by using arc power comprising the following steps:
- step 2) using the arc power obtained in step 1) to calculate the sliding average value of the instantaneous arc power to obtain an output sequence
- step 3 using the output sequence obtained in step 2) to set the arc power threshold;
- step 4 using the arc power obtained in step 1) to calculate the accumulated arc energy
- step 5 Use the accumulated arc energy obtained in step 4) and the arc power threshold set in step 3) to set the state monitoring alarm standard.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 1), the instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current signals of the circuit breaker terminals are sampled to obtain corresponding sampling signals, and the arc power is calculated.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 2), according to the arc power calculated in step 1), a moving average filter is used to process the samples in the measured power to generate a corresponding output sequence.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 3), according to the output sequence calculated in step 2), the threshold value based on the arc power is determined.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 4), according to the arc power calculated in step 1), the accumulated arc energy can be calculated by integrating or accumulating.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 5), the accumulated arc energy obtained in step 4) is compared with the threshold value based on the arc power in step 3) to determine the alarm standard of the state monitoring algorithm; when the accumulated arc energy is greater than the preset threshold value , overhaul or maintain the circuit breaker.
- the present invention at least has the following beneficial technical effects:
- the state detection method based on arc power proposed by the present invention can be applied to any type of circuit breaker and has better real-time performance.
- the present invention uses the instantaneous arc power and arc energy of the circuit breaker to calculate the accumulated arc energy, evaluates the degree of degradation of the arc contact of the circuit breaker, and can accurately evaluate the electrical wear of the arc contact, thereby providing an accurate evaluation of the arc contact of the circuit breaker.
- the inspection and maintenance time provides a basis for judgment.
- Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the circuit breaker contact state monitoring algorithm proposed by the present invention
- Figure 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the circuit breaker model
- Fig. 3 is the simulation circuit diagram of 6kV short-circuit fault model
- Fig. 4 is the response curve diagram of the rated current interruption of the circuit breaker
- Figure 5 shows the response of the circuit breaker rated breaking current interruption
- Figure 6 shows the response of a circuit breaker with worn contacts to a 16kA short-circuit current interrupted by arc re-ignition.
- a layer/element when referred to as being "on" another layer/element, it can be directly on the other layer/element or intervening layers/elements may be present therebetween. element.
- a layer/element when a layer/element is “on” another layer/element in one orientation, then when the orientation is reversed, the layer/element can be "under” the other layer/element.
- the circuit breaker contacts mentioned condition monitoring algorithm of the present invention is determined difference breaker input and output of the instantaneous power, the difference may be instantaneous voltage v across the terminals CB (t), and by breaking
- the instantaneous current i CB (t) of the device can be calculated, and its calculation formula is as follows:
- the instantaneous power measured at the input of the circuit breaker is equal to the instantaneous power measured at the output of the circuit breaker, so as long as the circuit breaker is fully closed or opened, the difference between the two is always 0, as in equations (1) and (2) Show.
- the power difference is always 0, as shown in equation (3).
- the power loss when the circuit breaker generates an arc is equal to the power difference between the two ends of the circuit breaker, which is the arc power. Since arc power is only present when the circuit breaker is arcing, measuring the arc power does not need to be synchronized with the grid frequency.
- v CB and i CB are the instantaneous value of the terminal voltage of the circuit breaker and the current passing through the circuit breaker, s is the sampling index, and T S is the sampling period.
- ⁇ p is the input data sequence, representing the instantaneous arc power
- p MA is the output data sequence, representing the sliding average value of the instantaneous arc power
- j is the instantaneous arc power at the sampling time
- N is the sliding average filter period length.
- the algorithm can preliminarily determine the threshold value based on the arc power, and its calculation method is as follows:
- n br is the number of interruptions allowed by the rated current of the circuit breaker specified by the manufacturer
- k is the interruption current index, which is determined by the insulation dielectric strength of the circuit breaker, and its value is usually between 1 and 2
- n is the instantaneous arc power. Number of samples
- p MAr is the instantaneous arc power relative to the power rating of the circuit breaker.
- equation (6) can be approximated for different types of circuit breakers, as shown in equation (7):
- P r and V r represent the rms value of the rated power and rated voltage of the circuit breaker respectively; t arc is the arc discharge time; V arc is the peak value of the arc voltage, which is related to the rated power of the arc column contact of the circuit breaker. This means that the threshold for any type of circuit breaker actually depends on the number of times the circuit breaker has been opened, the rated power, the arcing time, and the ratio of the peak arc voltage to the rated voltage rms.
- the accumulated arc energy can be calculated by integrating or accumulating the arc discharge power measured after each circuit breaker startup operation.
- the calculation formula is as follows:
- m is the number of circuit breaker starting operations.
- the alarm standard of the state monitoring algorithm can be determined, as shown in equation (9).
- the system will issue an alarm signal to notify the system operator.
- the electrical wear of the arc contacts of the circuit breaker is at its maximum, requiring inspection or maintenance. If the accumulated arc energy does not exceed the preset threshold, the algorithm continues to calculate the circuit breaker accumulated arc energy.
- the present invention combines two well-known arc models to obtain a corresponding circuit breaker model.
- the first arc model was proposed by a.m. Cassie in 1939, which took into account fixed parameters such as temperature, electric field strength and current in the arc channel, which explained the arc behavior at higher currents.
- a second arc model was proposed by O. Mayr in 1943. In this model, the arc temperature varies greatly, but the size and shape of the arc column are fixed. It can simulate the arc characteristics when the current is small.
- Habedank proposed a generalized arc model in 1993, which is obtained by concatenating the Cassie arc model and the Mayr arc model.
- the invention uses Matlab simulation software to build the generalized arc model in Simulink, and uses the generalized arc model to represent the transient behavior during the opening operation of the circuit breaker. Post-arc transient oscillations.
- the present invention analyzes the arc situation generated by the circuit breaker by establishing a short-circuit fault simulation model.
- the short-circuit fault is simulated in a single-phase system.
- the system includes a 20.78kV AC voltage source and takes it as the phase voltage. At this time, the line voltage is 36kV.
- power frequency reactance and transient recovery voltage are added to the system.
- Control branch and power side delay capacitors are added to the system.
- a power frequency bus tie line model is established for the bus connected between the power supply side and the circuit breaker.
- the circuit breaker model adopts the Cassi- Mayr combined arc model in parallel with the transient recovery voltage regulation branch.
- the load side is simulated using the time delay capacitor and the power frequency tie line model.
- the circuit breaker specifications used in the simulation are shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 gives the circuit element parameters used in the short-line fault circuit model.
- the tie-line circuit (Line1 and Line2) is modeled using the constant parameter line module, and the relevant parameters are shown in Table 3.
- Table 4 gives the corresponding black-box arc parameters of the Cassi-Mayr combined model used for circuit breaker modeling. These black-box arc parameters are suitable for the gas-insulated medium-voltage circuit breaker used in the simulation of the present invention. If the model specification of the circuit breaker is changed, the condition monitoring threshold value and the alarm standard will also be changed, but the performance of the algorithm proposed by the present invention will not be affected.
- the sampling frequency is set to 10MHz, and the simulation period is 100ms.
- the circuit breaker starts working at 40ms to disconnect the short-circuit fault current.
- the length of the sliding average filter window is preset to 1ms, and considering the sampling frequency, a total of 10,000 samples can be obtained.
- the index k related to the insulating medium of the circuit breaker in equations (6) and (8) is 1.5. It is set that the maximum number of times the circuit breaker can break under the rated current or rated power working conditions is 10,000 times. After reaching the set breaking times, the arc contacts must be checked or maintained.
- the circuit breaker current rating is the current value that causes minimal electrical wear to the circuit breaker contacts.
- the electrical wear of the contacts can be calculated by formula (8). According to formula (6), it can be calculated that the contact state monitoring threshold of the gas-insulated medium-voltage circuit breaker used in the present invention is 17200 (p.u./ms).
- the arcing time of the circuit breaker is 5ms, and the cumulative arc energy of the circuit breaker contact opening times reaching 10,000 times is 1.4355 (p.u./ms).
- the breaker arcing time is 9ms, and the arc energy is 31.980 (pu.ms).
- the arc energy is significantly increased at this time, which is due to the larger magnitude of the short-circuit current interrupted by the circuit breaker at this time. As the magnitude of the interrupted current increases, the arc formation time increases accordingly.
- the arc discharge time is increased to 13ms, which is greater than the discharge time of the contact arc when the circuit breaker of the same type and specification interrupts its rated breaking current.
- the circuit breaker failed to extinguish the arc for the first time, and the arc energy was 35.166 (p.u./ms). Therefore, the circuit breaker will still have arcing during the second half of the cycle.
- the interrupting current is lower than the rated breaking current
- the arc energy has increased compared to the previous case due to the arc re-ignition caused by the wear of the circuit breaker contacts. Whereas without arc re-ignition, the arc energy is about 25.233 (p.u./ms) when interrupted for the same current level, which is 28% lower than the arc energy during re-ignition.
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Abstract
一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，包括步骤：1)电弧功率测量，得到电弧功率；2)利用步骤1)得到的电弧功率，进行瞬时电弧功率的滑动平均值计算，得到输出序列；3)利用步骤2)得到的输出序列，设定电弧功率阈值；4)利用步骤1)得到的电弧功率，计算累计电弧能量；5)利用步骤4)得到的累计电弧能量和步骤3)设定的电弧功率阈值，设定状态监测报警标准。通过利用断路器的瞬时电弧功率和电弧能量来计算累积电弧能量，评估断路器弧触头的退化程度，可以准确地评估弧触头的电气磨损情况，从而为断路器的弧触头的检修和维护时间提供判断依据。
Description
本发明涉及一种评估断路器弧触头电气磨损程度的方法，具体涉及一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法。
断路器作为电气开关设备，主要用于可靠和及时地隔离电气设备，保护设备免受异常事故影响。断路器工作时往往会受到电磁力、机械力和热应力的作用，从而产生一定程度的电气磨损，这会导致断路器的工作性能下降，运行状态受到影响。因此，要保证断路器的稳定工作，就需要实时检测断路器的运行状况。断路器状态监测方法可以分为离线监测、在线监测和实时监测。
研究结果表明，断路器电弧电压和电流与断路器喷嘴和弧触头的退化程度有关，因此，电弧功率和电弧能量会在一定程度上影响断路器弧触头的电磨损程度。而目前基于功率的状态检测算法已成功地用于电网供电损耗、磁极滑动和发电机不对称故障的检测。
【发明内容】
本发明提出一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，该方法能够适用于任何类型的断路器，具有较好的实时性。具体是通过在电弧放电时测量断路器的端子上的瞬时电压和通过断路器的瞬时电流，从而对电弧放电功率和能量进行相应的计算，采用断路器的累积电弧能量作为弧触头退化水平的评价指标，对断路器触头的电气磨损情况进行评估。通过仿真和实验验证了该方法能够较为准确的评估断路器触头的电气磨损情况，实现对断路器的状态监测。
本发明采取如下技术方案来实现的：
一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，包括以下步骤：
1)电弧功率测量，得到电弧功率；
2)利用步骤1)得到的电弧功率，进行瞬时电弧功率的滑动平均值计算，得到输出序列；
3)利用步骤2)得到的输出序列，设定电弧功率阈值；
4)利用步骤1)得到的电弧功率，计算累计电弧能量；
5)利用步骤4)得到的累计电弧能量和步骤3)设定的电弧功率阈值，设定状态监测报警标准。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤1)中，对断路器端子的瞬时电压和瞬时电流信号进行采样得到相应采样信号，计算电弧功率。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤2)中，根据步骤1)计算得到的电弧功率，利用滑动平均值滤波器对被测功率中的样本进行处理，产生相应输出序列。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤3)中，根据步骤2)计算得到的输出序列，确定基于电弧功率的阈值。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤4)中，根据步骤1)计算得到的电弧功率，进行积分或累加即可计算得到累积电弧能量。
本发明进一步的改进在于，步骤5)中，根据步骤4)得到的累计电弧能量与步骤3)基于电弧功率的阈值相比较，确定状态监测算法的报警标准；当累积电弧能量大于预设阈值时，检修或维护断路器。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有如下有益的技术效果：
1、本发明所提出的基于电弧功率的状态检测方法，该方法能够适用于任何 类型的断路器，具有较好的实时性。
2、本发明利用断路器的瞬时电弧功率和电弧能量来计算累积电弧能量，评估断路器弧触头的退化程度，可以准确地评估弧触头的电气磨损情况，从而为断路器的弧触头的检修和维护时间提供判断依据。
图1为本发明提出的断路器触头状态监测算法流程图；
图2为断路器模型等效电路图；
图3为6kV短线路故障模型仿真电路图；
图4为断路器额定电流中断的响应曲线图；
图5为断路器额定开断电流中断的响应；
图6为具有磨损触头的断路器发生电弧重燃中断16kA短路电流的响应。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分的实施例，不是全部的实施例，而并非要限制本发明公开的范围。此外，在以下说明中，省略了对公知结构和技术的描述，以避免不必要的混淆本发明公开的概念。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
在附图中示出了根据本发明公开实施例的各种结构示意图。这些图并非是按比例绘制的，其中为了清楚表达的目的，放大了某些细节，并且可能省略了某些细节。图中所示出的各种区域、层的形状及它们之间的相对大小、位置关系仅是 示例性的，实际中可能由于制造公差或技术限制而有所偏差，并且本领域技术人员根据实际所需可以另外设计具有不同形状、大小、相对位置的区域/层。
本发明公开的上下文中，当将一层/元件称作位于另一层/元件“上”时，该层/元件可以直接位于该另一层/元件上，或者它们之间可以存在居中层/元件。另外，如果在一种朝向中一层/元件位于另一层/元件“上”，那么当调转朝向时，该层/元件可以位于该另一层/元件“下”。
需要说明的是，本发明的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别类似的对象，而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。应该理解这样使用的数据在适当情况下可以互换，以便这里描述的本发明的实施例能够以除了在这里图示或描述的那些以外的顺序实施。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含，例如，包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元，而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：
如图1所示，本发明所提的断路器触头状态监测算法需要确定断路器输入端和输出端瞬时功率的差值，该差值可由端子上的瞬时电压v
CB(t)和通过断路器的瞬时电流i
CB(t)计算得到，其计算公式如下所示：
Δp(t)＝v
CB(t)·i
CB(t) (1)
断路器完全关闭和打开时瞬时功率差值为：
断路器产生电弧时的瞬时功率差值为：
在断路器输入端测得的瞬时功率等于在断路器输出端测得的瞬时功率，因此只要断路器完全闭合或打开，两者差值总是为0，如式(1)和(2)所示。然而，由于产生电弧时断路器的功率损耗以光和热的形式存在，因此功率始终差不为0，如式(3)所示。断路器产生电弧时的功率损耗等于断路器两端之间的功率差，这一功率差就是电弧功率。由于只有断路器产生电弧才会出现电弧功率，因此测量电弧功率无需与电网频率同步。
进一步的在图1中，本发明所提出的算法步骤如下：
(1)电弧功率测量
对断路器端子的瞬时电压和瞬时电流信号进行采样得到相应采样信号，计算电弧功率：
式中：v
CB和i
CB分别为断路器端电压和通过断路器的电流瞬时值，s为示采样指数，T
S表示采样周期。
(2)计算瞬时电弧功率的滑动平均值
测量电弧功率后，利用滑动平均值滤波器对被测功率中的样本进行处理，产生相应输出序列：
式中：Δp为输入数据序列，表示瞬时电弧功率；p
MA为输出数据序列，表示瞬时电弧功率的滑动平均值；j为采样时刻的瞬时电弧功率；N为滑动平均滤波周期长度。滑动平均值滤波器产生的输出数据序列可以产生平滑的电弧功率，有效地抑制高频振荡。
(3)设定电弧功率阈值
对于各类型断路器，算法可初步确定基于电弧功率的阈值，其计算方法如下所示：
式中：n
br是制造厂商规定的断路器额定电流允许中断的次数；k表示中断电流指数，由断路器绝缘介电强度决定，其数值通常为1～2之间；n是瞬时电弧功率的样本数；p
MAr是与断路器额定功率有关的瞬时电弧功率。
研究表明，方程(6)可近似用于不同类型的断路器，如式(7)所示：
式中：P
r和V
r分别表示断路器的额定功率和额定电压的均方根值；t
arc是电弧放电时间；V
arc是电弧电压的峰值，与断路器弧柱触头额定功率有关。这意味着任何类型的断路器的阈值实际上取决于断路器断开次数、额定功率、电弧放电时间以及电弧电压峰值与额定电压均方根值之比。
(4)计算累计电弧能量
将每次断路器启动操作后测得的电弧放电功率进行积分或累加即可计算得到累积电弧能量，其计算公式如下所示：
式中：m是断路器启动操作次数。
E
sum>E
thre (9)
(5)设定状态监测报警标准
通过比较每一次断开过程中累积电弧能量与状态监测阈值，可以确定状态监 测算法的报警标准，如式(9)所示。当断路器任一相的累积电弧能量超出预设的阈值时，系统就会发出报警信号，通知系统操作员。此时断路器弧触头的电磨损达到最大，需要进行检查或维护。若累积电弧能量未超出预设阈值，则算法继续计算断路器累积电弧能量。
如图2所示，本发明将两种著名的电弧模型进行结合从而得到相应的断路器模型。第一种电弧模型是由a.m.Cassie于1939年提出的，该模型考虑了电弧通道的温度、电场强度和电流等固定参数，该模型解释了电流较大时的电弧行为。O.Mayr在1943年提出了第二种电弧模型，在这一模型中，电弧温度变化较大，但电弧柱的大小和形状是固定的。它可以模拟电流较小时的电弧特性。Habedank在1993年提出了一种广义电弧模型，该模型是由Cassie电弧模型和Mayr电弧模型串联得到。本发明利用Matlab仿真软件在Simulink中搭建该广义电弧模型，并用该广义电弧模型来表示断路器分闸操作过程中的瞬态行为，同时将暂态恢复电压调节支路与电弧电导并联模拟电弧消弧后的暂态振荡。
如图3所示，本发明通过建立短线路故障仿真模型对断路器产生的电弧情况进行分析。在单相系统中对短线路故障进行模拟，该系统包括20.78kV的交流电压源，并将其作为相电压，此时线电压为36kV，同时在系统中加设工频电抗、暂态恢复电压控制支路和电源侧时延电容。针对电源侧与断路器之间连接的母线建立工频母线联络线模型。该断路器模型采用与暂态恢复电压调整支路并联的Cassi-Mayr组合电弧模型。利用时延电容和工频联络线模型对负荷侧进行了模拟。
仿真采用的断路器规格参数如表1所示。表2给出了短线故障电路模型中使用的电路元件参数。使用常数参数线路模块对联络线电路(Line1和Line2)进行建模，相关参数如表3所示。此外，表4给出了用于断路器建模的Cassi-Mayr 组合模型相应的黑盒电弧参数。这些黑盒电弧参数适用于本发明仿真时采用的气体绝缘中压断路器。若改变断路器型号规格，则状态监测阈值和报警标准也会改变，但对不影响本发明提出的算法性能。
表1断路器规格参数
表2短线路故障模型电路的电路元件参数
表3仿真线路常数参数
表4断路器的电弧模型仿真参数
仿真时将采样频率设置为10MHz，仿真周期为100ms。断路器在40ms时开始工作，断开短线路故障电流。滑动平均值滤波窗口的长度预先设定为1ms，考 虑到采样频率，则总计可以得到10000个样本。当断路器为气体绝缘型时，式(6)和式(8)中与断路器绝缘介质有关的指数k为1.5。设定断路器在额定电流或额定功率工作条件下允许开断的次数最大为10000次，在达到设定的开断次数后必须对电弧触头进行检查或维护。断路器额定电流是对断路器触头造成最小电气磨损的电流值。额定电流越大，断路器触头的电气磨损越严重，此时所能允许的开断次数也相应减少。本发明所提出的基于电弧功率的断路器触头状态监测算法中，触头的电气磨损可以由式(8)计算得到。根据式(6)可以计算得到本发明采用的气体绝缘中压断路器的触头状态监测阈值为17200(p.u./ms)。
如图4所示，断路器开断起弧时间为5ms，断路器触头断开次数达到10000次的累积电弧能量为1.4355(p.u./ms)。
如图5所示，断路器开断起弧时间为9ms，电弧能量为31.980(pu.ms)。与图4相比，此时电弧能量显著增加，这是由于此时断路器中断的短路电流幅值较大。随着被中断的电流的幅值增大，电弧形成的时间也相应增加。
如图6所示，电弧放电时间增加到13ms，大于同型号规格的断路器在中断其额定开断电流时触头电弧的放电时间。在电网以工频运行的前半个周期内，断路器第一次灭弧未能成功，此时电弧能量为35.166(p.u./ms)。因此，在后半个周期内断路器仍会存在电弧。尽管中断电流低于额定开断电流，但与之前的情况相比，电弧能量有所增加，原因在于断路器触头磨损引发了电弧重燃。而在没有电弧重燃的情况下，中断相同电流水平时，电弧能量约为25.233(p.u./ms)，比重燃时的电弧能量低28％。
以上内容仅为说明本发明的技术思想，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想，在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动，均落入本发 明权利要求书的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
- 一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1)电弧功率测量，得到电弧功率；2)利用步骤1)得到的电弧功率，进行瞬时电弧功率的滑动平均值计算，得到输出序列；3)利用步骤2)得到的输出序列，设定电弧功率阈值；4)利用步骤1)得到的电弧功率，计算累计电弧能量；5)利用步骤4)得到的累计电弧能量和步骤3)设定的电弧功率阈值，设定状态监测报警标准。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，其特征在于，步骤1)中，对断路器端子的瞬时电压和瞬时电流信号进行采样得到相应采样信号，计算电弧功率。
- 根据权利要求2所述的一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，其特征在于，步骤2)中，根据步骤1)计算得到的电弧功率，利用滑动平均值滤波器对被测功率中的样本进行处理，产生相应输出序列。
- 根据权利要求3所述的一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，其特征在于，步骤3)中，根据步骤2)计算得到的输出序列，确定基于电弧功率的阈值。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态的方法，其特征在于，步骤4)中，根据步骤1)计算得到的电弧功率，进行积分或累加即可计算得到累积电弧能量。
- 根据权利要求5所述的一种利用电弧功率检测断路器触头电气磨损状态 的方法，其特征在于，步骤5)中，根据步骤4)得到的累计电弧能量与步骤3)基于电弧功率的阈值相比较，确定状态监测算法的报警标准；当累积电弧能量大于预设阈值时，检修或维护断路器。
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