WO2022012003A1 - 不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置 - Google Patents

不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012003A1
WO2022012003A1 PCT/CN2021/071034 CN2021071034W WO2022012003A1 WO 2022012003 A1 WO2022012003 A1 WO 2022012003A1 CN 2021071034 W CN2021071034 W CN 2021071034W WO 2022012003 A1 WO2022012003 A1 WO 2022012003A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
snow
collection
casing
flux
support frame
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2021/071034
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘庆宽
李海飞
李飞强
何书勇
马文勇
刘小兵
贾娅娅
崔子晗
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Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
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Shijiazhuang Tiedao University
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Priority to US17/599,180 priority Critical patent/US11828906B2/en
Publication of WO2022012003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012003A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
    • G01N9/04—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01W—METEOROLOGY
    • G01W1/00—Meteorology
    • G01W1/02—Instruments for indicating weather conditions by measuring two or more variables, e.g. humidity, pressure, temperature, cloud cover or wind speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/02—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume
    • G01N2009/022—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids
    • G01N2009/024—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by measuring weight of a known volume of solids the volume being determined directly, e.g. by size of container

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind and snow flow disaster prediction and prevention, in particular to a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights.
  • Wind blowing snow also known as wind and snow flow
  • Wind and snow flow is a natural phenomenon in which snow or snowfall starts again under the action of the wind, runs with the wind, and finally accumulates.
  • the snow flow occurs, it will not only form a visual range obstacle, affecting people's sight, but also cause serious snow disasters. It will cause serious harm to road traffic, housing construction, agricultural and animal husbandry production and power facilities.
  • This parameter is an important indicator for judging the intensity of wind and snow flow, and is of great significance for the study of wind and snow flow disasters and their prevention and control.
  • the present invention provides a device for measuring snow flux and density of snow at different heights, which is convenient to weigh, store, and has good stability in harsh environments.
  • the present invention provides the following scheme:
  • the invention provides a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights, comprising: a casing, a first side of the casing is provided with a plurality of collecting ports along the height direction of the casing; a plurality of collecting devices, each of the The collection devices are all arranged inside the casing, and a partition plate is arranged between any two adjacent collection devices.
  • Each of the collection devices includes a collection tube, a storage tube and a fixing bolt.
  • One end is arranged horizontally, and the collection tube is in one-to-one correspondence with the collection port, the first end of one collection tube is set in one of the collection ports, the second end of the collection tube is connected to the storage port
  • the tubes are inclined downward, the second end of the collection tube and the first end of the storage tube can be detachably connected, and the two are connected to each other, the second end of the storage tube is sealed, and the fixing bolt
  • the second end of the storage tube is supported on the fixing bolt through the casing and is fastened by a first nut; a supporting frame, the casing and the supporting frame are detachably connected, and the supporting frame and the ground are detachable. Remove the connection.
  • the second end of the collection tube is embedded in the first end of the storage tube, and an air outlet gap is left between the second end of the collection tube and the first end of the storage tube,
  • the second side of the casing is provided with a plurality of air outlets along the height direction of the casing, the first side of the casing and the second side of the casing are arranged opposite to each other, and the air outlets are connected to the collecting device.
  • the two are in one-to-one correspondence, and one of the air outlets corresponds to the second end of one of the storage pipes.
  • the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights further includes a meteorological information collecting component for collecting meteorological information, and the meteorological information collecting component is arranged on the support frame.
  • the meteorological information collection component includes an anemometer.
  • the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights further comprises an installation box, an installation frame and positioning bolts, the installation box is fixedly connected to the installation frame, an opening is provided at the top of the installation box, and the wind speed The wind vane is inserted into the installation box from the opening, and the installation frame is provided with a slot, the slot is clipped on the support frame, and is fixedly connected to the support frame through the positioning bolts.
  • both the third side of the casing and the collection tube are made of transparent materials
  • the third side of the casing is disposed between the first side of the casing and the second side of the casing
  • Both ends of the third side of the casing are respectively fixedly connected to the first side of the casing and the second side of the casing.
  • a graduation line is provided on the collection tube along the axial direction of the collection tube.
  • the support frame is fixedly connected to the ground through bolts.
  • the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights further includes a weather vane.
  • an auxiliary bracket is provided on the support frame, and the auxiliary bracket and the support frame enclose an inverted U-shaped engaging portion, and the inverted U-shaped engaging portion extends from the bottom end of the supporting frame along the The height direction of the support frame extends upward, the casing is clamped in the inverted U-shaped clamping portion, and the collection port and the air outlet are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the inverted U-shaped clamping portion.
  • the measuring device for snow flux and snow density at different heights provided by the present invention can easily take out the storage tube by removing the fixing bolts when snow particle weighing needs to be performed, and the measuring device is convenient for snow particle weighing;
  • the storage tube of the snow flux and snow density measuring device at different heights provided by the present invention is used to store snow particles, and the storage tube is inclined downward. Compared with the horizontal setting, the storage tube is inclined downward, and the snow particles in the storage tube are installed in the outside airflow. It is not easy to get out of the storage tube under the influence of the air flow, and the snow particles are easy to store.
  • the shell of the snow flux and snow density measuring device of different heights provided by the present invention is fixedly connected to the ground through the support frame, and the force of the shell is transmitted to the ground through the support frame, and the device has good stability in harsh environments.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first angle of a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a second angle of a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a casing of a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the housing of the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a collection device for measuring devices for snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a collection tube of a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the anemometers of the snow flux and snow density measuring devices at different heights provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the support frame of the different height snow flux and snow density measurement device provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the air flow inside the casing of the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device for measuring the snow flux and density of snow at different heights, which is convenient for weighing, easy to store, and has good stability in harsh environments.
  • the present embodiment provides a device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights, including: a casing 1 , a first side 101 of the casing 1 is provided with a plurality of collecting ports 2 along the height direction of the casing 1 ; A plurality of collection devices, each collection device is arranged inside the casing 1, and a partition 3 is provided between any two adjacent collection devices, and each collection device includes a collection tube 4, a storage tube 5 and a fixing bolt 9, The first end of the collection tube 4 is arranged horizontally, and the collection tube 4 is in one-to-one correspondence with the collection port 2.
  • the first end of one collection tube 4 is arranged in one collection port 2, and in this embodiment, the collection port is specifically
  • the second end of the collection tube 4 and the storage tube 5 are both disposed obliquely downward, and the second end of the collection tube 4 and the first end of the storage tube 5 can be detachably connected, and the two They are connected to each other, the second end of the storage pipe 5 is sealed and arranged, the fixing bolt 9 penetrates the casing 1 and is fastened by the first nut, and the second end of the storage pipe 5 is supported on the fixing bolt 9; the supporting frame 6, the casing 1 and the supporting The frame 6 is detachably connected, and the support frame 6 is detachably connected to the ground.
  • the measuring device is convenient for weighing snow particles, easy to store snow particles, and has good stability in harsh environments.
  • the angle between the second end of the collection tube 4 and the horizontal direction is 30 degrees, see FIG. Specifically, the inclination direction of the storage tube 5 is consistent with the inclination direction of the collection tube 4 .
  • the second end of the collection tube 4 is embedded in the first end of the storage tube 5 , and there is a gap between the second end of the collection tube 4 and the first end of the storage tube 5 .
  • the first side 101 of the casing 1 and the second side of the casing 1 are opposite to each other.
  • the two devices are in one-to-one correspondence, and one air outlet 8 corresponds to the second end of one storage tube 5 .
  • the snow particles are collected in the storage tube 5 , and the airflow reaches the second end of the storage tube 5 and then returns upward, and is discharged into the casing 1 through the air outlet gap 7 , and finally discharged through the air outlet 8 .
  • the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights further includes a meteorological information collecting component for collecting meteorological information, and the meteorological information collecting component is disposed on the support frame 6 .
  • the meteorological information collecting component is disposed on the support frame 6 .
  • the meteorological information collection component includes an anemometer 10 .
  • the anemometer 10 can display meteorological information in real time, including wind speed, temperature, and humidity, and at the same time can record data and import the data into other electronic devices.
  • the specific structure of the anemometer 10 belongs to the prior art. Repeat.
  • the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights further includes an installation box 11, an installation frame and positioning bolts 11.
  • the installation box 11 is fixedly connected to the installation frame, and the The top is provided with an opening, and the anemometer 10 is inserted into the installation box 11 from the opening.
  • the anemometer 10 is easy to disassemble and assemble.
  • the mounting frame includes a fixing plate 15 , a fixing rod 16 and a fixing block 17 , the mounting box 11 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 15 , the first end of the fixing rod 16 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 15 , and the second end of the fixing rod 16 is fixedly connected to the fixing plate 15 .
  • the fixing block 17 is fixedly connected, the side of the fixing block 17 away from the second end of the fixing rod 16 is provided with a U-shaped slot 18, the support frame 6 is clamped in the U-shaped slot 18, and the end of the positioning bolt 11 without a nut penetrates through the U-shaped slot 18.
  • the two opposite side walls of the card slot 18 are fastened by nuts.
  • the third side 102 of the housing 1 and the collection tube 4 are made of transparent materials, and the third side 102 of the housing 1 is disposed between the first side 101 of the housing 1 and the second side of the housing 1 , The two ends of the third side 102 of the housing 1 are respectively fixedly connected to the first side 101 of the housing 1 and the second side of the housing 1 .
  • the user can observe the collection of snow particles by the snow collecting pipe through the third side 102 of the housing 1, which is convenient for determining the measurement time.
  • the first side of the housing is streamlined to reduce interference with airflow.
  • a scale line is provided on the collection pipe 4 along the axis direction of the collection pipe 4 .
  • the scale line is specifically used to indicate the height of the collection tube.
  • the support frame 6 is fixedly connected to the ground through bolts.
  • the device for measuring the snow flux and snow density at different heights further includes a wind vane.
  • the wind vane is arranged on the support frame 6 .
  • the supporting frame 6 is provided with an auxiliary bracket 13 , the auxiliary bracket 13 and the supporting frame 6 enclose an inverted U-shaped engaging portion 14 , and the inverted U-shaped engaging portion 14 is self-supporting from the frame.
  • the bottom end of 6 extends upward along the height direction of the support frame 6 , the housing 1 is snapped into the inverted U-shaped snap portion 14 , and the collection port 2 and the air outlet 8 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the inverted U-shaped snap portion 14 . .
  • the housing 1 and the support frame 6 are easily disassembled and assembled.
  • Using the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights to measure snow flux and snow density specifically includes the following steps:
  • Step 1 Carry out the preparatory work before the test, including transporting all components of the different height snow flux and snow density measuring device to the test site, assembling the collecting device (that is, inserting the collecting tube 4 into the designated position of the storage tube 5; ) and the reliability and accuracy test of the anemometer 10;
  • Step 2 Select a suitable test location on the test site, carry out the overall assembly of the different height snow flux and snow density measuring devices, and fix the different height snow flux and snow density measuring devices on the ground of the test location according to the weather vane On, make the collection port 2 and the first end of the collection tube 4 face the wind;
  • Step 3 record the start time of the measurement, turn on the wind speed and direction indicator 10 to measure and record the meteorological information
  • Step 4 Determine the appropriate measurement time ⁇ T (the test time ⁇ T is 5 to 30 minutes, and the specific time should be determined according to the on-site wind and snow flow), after the measurement, the collected snow particles are weighed, and the snow collecting tubes are taken out in turn. , record the volume Vi and mass mi of the collected snow particles;
  • Step 5 Arrange the collected and measured data, including the meteorological data collected by the anemometer 10 during the measurement time, the volume and mass of the collected snow particles (the measurement of the snow collection volume can be calculated by the scale on the storage tube 5 ). The measurement of snow collection quality is measured by electronic balance), and then the flux of snow particles and snow density at different heights are obtained.
  • the device for measuring snow flux and snow density at different heights provided in this embodiment is also applicable to the collection of sand particles at different heights in a wind-sand flow environment.

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Abstract

一种不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，涉及风雪流灾害预测与防治领域，包括：外壳（1），其第一侧（101）沿外壳（1）的高度方向设置有多个收集口（2）；多个收集装置，各收集装置均设置于外壳（1）内部，各收集装置均包括采集管（4）、存储管（5）以及固定螺栓（9），采集管（4）的第一端水平设置，一个采集管（4）的第一端设置于一个收集口（2）内，采集管（4）的第二端与存储管（5）均倾斜向下设置，采集管（4）的第二端与存储管（5）的第一端均可拆卸连接、且二者相互连通，存储管（5）的第二端密封设置，固定螺栓（9）贯穿外壳（1）并通过第一螺母紧固，存储管（5）的第二端支撑于固定螺栓（9）上；支撑框架（6），外壳（1）与支撑框架（6）可拆卸连接，支撑框架（6）与地面可拆卸连接。这种测量装置雪颗粒称重方便，雪颗粒便于存储，且恶劣环境下稳定性好。

Description

不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置 技术领域
本发明涉及风雪流灾害预测与防治技术领域，特别是涉及一种不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置。
背景技术
风吹雪也称风雪流，是积雪或降雪在风的作用下再次起动，随风运行，并最终堆积的一种自然现象。风雪流发生时不仅会形成视程障碍，影响人们的视线，还会引发严重的积雪灾害。对道路交通、房屋建筑、农牧业生产以及电力设施等都会造成严重的危害。
在风吹雪灾害的研究和防治中，不同高度处的雪通量和雪密度是两个非常重要的参数。该参数是判断风雪流强度的一个重要指标，对于研究风雪流灾害及其防治工作具有重要的意义。
国内外在此方面的研究中存在以下问题：(1)现有测量装置用于收集雪颗粒的收集装置拆装十分不便，称重时需要将整个测量装置拆开，才可以将收集装置取出，导致雪颗粒称重十分不便；(2)收集装置一般水平设置，水平设置方式不便于雪颗粒的存储；(3)测量装置一般水平支撑在地面上，与地面不存在连接关系，恶劣环境下测量装置稳定性差。
发明内容
为解决以上技术问题，本发明提供一种雪颗粒称重方便，雪颗粒便于存储，且在恶劣环境下稳定性好的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：
本发明提供一种不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，包括：外壳，所述外壳的第一侧沿所述外壳的高度方向设置有多个收集口；多个收集装置，各所述收集装置均设置于所述外壳内部，且任意相邻两个所述收集装置之间均设置有隔板，各所述收集装置均包括采集管、存储管以及固定螺栓，所述采集管的第一端水平设置，且所述采集管与所述收集口二者一一对应，一个所述采集管的第一端设置于一个所述收集口内，所述采集管的第二端与所述存储管均倾斜向下设置，所述采集管的第二端与所述存储管 的第一端均可拆卸连接、且二者相互连通，所述存储管的第二端密封设置，所述固定螺栓贯穿所述外壳并通过第一螺母紧固，所述存储管的第二端支撑于所述固定螺栓上；支撑框架，所述外壳与所述支撑框架可拆卸连接，所述支撑框架与地面可拆卸连接。
优选地，所述采集管的第二端嵌入所述存储管的第一端内，且所述采集管的第二端与所述存储管的第一端二者之间留有出风间隙，所述外壳的第二侧沿所述外壳的高度方向设置有多个出风口，所述外壳的第一侧与所述外壳的第二侧二者相对设置，所述出风口与所述收集装置二者一一对应，一个所述出风口对应一个所述存储管的第二端。
优选地，该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置还包括用于收集气象信息的气象信息收集组件，所述气象信息收集组件设置于所述支撑框架上。
优选地，所述气象信息收集组件包括风速风向仪。
优选地，该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置还包括安装盒、安装架以及定位螺栓，所述安装盒与所述安装架固定连接，所述安装盒的顶端设置开口，所述风速风向仪自所述开口插入所述安装盒内部，所述安装架设置有卡槽，所述卡槽卡接于所述支撑框架上、并通过所述定位螺栓与所述支撑框架固定连接。
优选地，所述外壳的第三侧和所述采集管均采用透明材质制成，所述外壳的第三侧设置于所述外壳的第一侧和所述外壳的第二侧之间，且所述外壳第三侧的两端分别与所述外壳第一侧和所述外壳第二侧固定连接。
优选地，所述采集管上沿所述采集管的轴线方向设置有刻度线。
优选地，所述支撑框架通过螺栓与所述地面固定连接。
优选的，该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置还包括风向标。
优选地，所述支撑框架上设置有辅助支架，所述辅助支架与所述支撑框架围成一倒U型卡接部，所述倒U型卡接部自所述支撑框架的底端沿着所述支撑框架的高度方向向上延伸，所述外壳卡接于所述倒U型卡接部内，所述收集口和所述出风口分别设置于所述倒U型卡接部相对的两侧。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：
1、本发明提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置当需要进行雪颗粒称重时拆卸固定螺栓即可方便的将存储管取出，该测量装置雪颗粒称重方便；
2、本发明提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置存储管用于存储雪颗粒，且存储管倾斜向下设置，与水平设置相比，倾斜向下设置，存储管内雪颗粒在外界气流的影响下不容易脱离存储管，雪颗粒便于存储，水平设置时，雪颗粒在外界气流的作用下易于脱离雪颗粒收集装置；
3、本发明提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置外壳通过支撑框架与地面固定连接，外壳受力通过支撑框架传递至地面，在恶劣环境下装置稳定性好。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置第一角度示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置第二角度示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置外壳的结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置外壳的内部结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置收集装置的结构示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置采集管的结构示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置风速风向仪的设置方式示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置 支撑框架的结构示意图；
图9为本发明实施例中提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置外壳内部气流走向示意图。
附图标记说明：1、外壳；101、第一侧；102、第三侧；2、收集口；3、隔板；4、采集管；5、存储管；6、支撑框架；7、出风间隙；8、出风口；9、固定螺栓；10、风速风向仪；11、安装盒；12、定位螺栓；13、辅助支架；14、U型卡接部；15、固定板；16、固定杆；17、固定块；18、U型卡槽。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种雪颗粒称重方便，雪颗粒便于存储，且在恶劣环境下稳定性好的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
参考图1-图9，本实施例提供一种不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，包括：外壳1，外壳1的第一侧101沿外壳1的高度方向设置有多个收集口2；多个收集装置，各收集装置均设置于外壳1内部，且任意相邻两个收集装置之间均设置有隔板3，各收集装置均包括采集管4、存储管5以及固定螺栓9，采集管4的第一端水平设置，且采集管4与收集口2二者一一对应，一个采集管4的第一端设置于一个收集口2内，且本实施例中具体地，采集口通过胶水粘接固定于收集口2内，采集管4的第二端与存储管5均倾斜向下设置，采集管4的第二端与存储管5的第一端均可拆卸连接、且二者相互连通，存储管5的第二端密封设置，固定螺栓9贯穿外壳1并通过第一螺母紧固，存储管5的第二端支撑于固定螺栓9上；支撑框架6，外壳1与支撑框架6可拆卸连接，支撑框架6与地面可拆卸连接。该测量装置雪颗粒称重方便，雪颗粒便于存储，且恶劣环境下 稳定性好。
于本实施例中，为了便于进入到采集管4的雪颗粒可以更好的进入存储管5，采集管4的第二端与水平方向的夹角为30度，参见图6，且本实施例中具体地，存储管5的倾斜方向与采集管4的倾斜方向一致。
于本实施例中，如图4所示，采集管4的第二端嵌入存储管5的第一端内，且采集管4的第二端与存储管5的第一端二者之间留有出风间隙7，外壳1的第二侧沿外壳1的高度方向设置有多个出风口8，外壳1的第一侧101与外壳1的第二侧二者相对设置，出风口8与收集装置二者一一对应，一个出风口8对应一个存储管5的第二端。如此，雪颗粒收集在存储管5内，气流到达存储管5第二端后上返，并自出风间隙7排入外壳1内部，最后经出风口8排出。
于本实施例中，该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置还包括用于收集气象信息的气象信息收集组件，气象信息收集组件设置于支撑框架6上。如此，雪通量和积雪密度与气象信息相结合，检测着能够更好地研究风雪流灾害。
于本实施例中，具体地，气象信息收集组件包括风速风向仪10。风速风向仪10可以实时显示气象信息，包括风速、温度、湿度，同时可以对数据进行记录并且可以将数据导入到其它的电子设备中，风速风向仪10的具体结构属于现有技术，在此不再赘述。
于本实施例中，如图7所示，该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置还包括安装盒11、安装架以及定位螺栓11，安装盒11与安装架固定连接，安装盒11的顶端设置开口，风速风向仪10自开口插入安装盒11内部，安装架设置有卡槽，卡槽卡接于支撑框架6上、并通过定位螺栓11与支撑框架6固定连接。如此设置，风速风向仪10拆装方便。具体地，安装架包括固定板15、固定杆16以及固定块17，安装盒11与固定板15固定连接，固定杆16的第一端与固定板15固定连接、固定杆16的第二端与固定块17固定连接，固定块17远离固定杆16第二端的一侧设置有U型卡槽18，支撑框架6卡接于U型卡槽18，定位螺栓11不设置螺帽的一端贯穿U型卡槽18相对的两个侧壁，并通过螺母紧固。
于本实施例中，外壳1的第三侧102和采集管4均采用透明材质制成， 外壳1的第三侧102设置于外壳1的第一侧101和外壳1的第二侧之间，且外壳1第三侧102的两端分别与外壳1第一侧101和外壳1第二侧固定连接。如此使用者可以透过外壳1的第三侧102观察到集雪管的雪颗粒收集情况，便于确定测量时间。另外，为了减小对气流的干扰，外壳的第一侧为流线型。
于本实施例中，为了直观地了解到采集管4内雪颗粒体积，采集管4上沿采集管4的轴线方向设置有刻度线。本实施例中刻度线具体用于表示采集管的高度。
于本实施例中，具体地，支撑框架6通过螺栓与地面固定连接。
于本实施例中，为了方便判断风雪流的来流方向，该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置还包括风向标。具体地，风向标设置于支撑框架6上。
于本实施例中，如图8所示，支撑框架6上设置有辅助支架13，辅助支架13与支撑框架6围成一倒U型卡接部14，倒U型卡接部14自支撑框架6的底端沿着支撑框架6的高度方向向上延伸，外壳1卡接于倒U型卡接部14内，收集口2和出风口8分别设置于倒U型卡接部14相对的两侧。如此设置，外壳1与支撑框架6拆装方便。
采用该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置进行雪通量和积雪密度测量具体包括以下步骤：
步骤一：进行测试前的准备工作，包括将该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置的所以组成部件运到测试场地、对收集装置进行拼装(即将采集管4插入存储管5的指定位置)以及风速风向仪10可靠性和准确性测试；
步骤二：在测试场地选择合适的测试位置，进行该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置的整体拼装，按照风向标将该不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置固定在测试位置的地面上，使收集口2以及采集管4的第一端迎风；
步骤三：记录测量的开始时间，打开风速风向仪10对气象信息进行测量和记录；
步骤四：确定合适的测量时间ΔT(测试时间ΔT为5～30min，具体 时间应根据现场的风雪流情况确定)，在测量后对收集的雪颗粒进行称量，即将集雪管依次拿出，记录其收集雪颗粒的体积Vi和质量mi；
步骤五：整理收集与测量的数据，包括在测量时间内风速风向仪10收集的气象数据、测量的收集的雪颗粒的体积和质量(集雪体积的测量可通过存储管5上的刻度计算得出，集雪质量的测量通过电子天平测出)，进而求出不同高度处雪颗粒的通量和积雪密度。
需要说明的是，本实施例提供的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置同时适用于风沙流环境中对不同高度处沙粒的收集。
本说明书中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，包括：
    外壳，所述外壳的第一侧沿所述外壳的高度方向设置有多个收集口；
    多个收集装置，各所述收集装置均设置于所述外壳内部，且任意相邻两个所述收集装置之间均设置有隔板，各所述收集装置均包括采集管、存储管以及固定螺栓，所述采集管的第一端水平设置，且所述采集管与所述收集口二者一一对应，一个所述采集管的第一端设置于一个所述收集口内，所述采集管的第二端与所述存储管均倾斜向下设置，所述采集管的第二端与所述存储管的第一端均可拆卸连接、且二者相互连通，所述存储管的第二端密封设置，所述固定螺栓贯穿所述外壳并通过第一螺母紧固，所述存储管的第二端支撑于所述固定螺栓上；
    支撑框架，所述外壳与所述支撑框架可拆卸连接，所述支撑框架与地面可拆卸连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，所述采集管的第二端嵌入所述存储管的第一端内，且所述采集管的第二端与所述存储管的第一端二者之间留有出风间隙，所述外壳的第二侧沿所述外壳的高度方向设置有多个出风口，所述外壳的第一侧与所述外壳的第二侧二者相对设置，所述出风口与所述收集装置二者一一对应，一个所述出风口对应一个所述存储管的第二端。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，还包括用于收集气象信息的气象信息收集组件，所述气象信息收集组件设置于所述支撑框架上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，所述气象信息收集组件包括风速风向仪。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，还包括安装盒、安装架以及定位螺栓，所述安装盒与所述安装架固定连接，所述安装盒的顶端设置开口，所述风速风向仪自所述开口插入所述安装盒内部，所述安装架设置有卡槽，所述卡槽卡接于所述支撑框架上、并通过所述定位螺栓与所述支撑框架固定连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特 征在于，所述外壳的第三侧和所述采集管均采用透明材质制成，所述外壳的第三侧设置于所述外壳的第一侧和所述外壳的第二侧之间，且所述外壳第三侧的两端分别与所述外壳第一侧和所述外壳第二侧固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，所述采集管上沿所述采集管的轴线方向设置有刻度线。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，所述支撑框架通过螺栓与所述地面固定连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在，还包括风向标。
  10. 根据权利要求2所述的不同高度雪通量及积雪密度测量装置，其特征在于，所述支撑框架上设置有辅助支架，所述辅助支架与所述支撑框架围成一倒U型卡接部，所述倒U型卡接部自所述支撑框架的底端沿着所述支撑框架的高度方向向上延伸，所述外壳卡接于所述倒U型卡接部内，所述收集口和所述出风口分别设置于所述倒U型卡接部相对的两侧。
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