WO2022009617A1 - 溶銑温度の制御方法、操業ガイダンス方法、高炉の操業方法、溶銑の製造方法、溶銑温度の制御装置および操業ガイダンス装置 - Google Patents
溶銑温度の制御方法、操業ガイダンス方法、高炉の操業方法、溶銑の製造方法、溶銑温度の制御装置および操業ガイダンス装置 Download PDFInfo
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- hot metal
- pulverized coal
- metal temperature
- coal ratio
- blast furnace
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B1/00—Shaft or like vertical or substantially vertical furnaces
- F27B1/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
- F27B1/26—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/001—Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents
- C21B5/003—Injection of pulverulent coal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
- C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2300/00—Process aspects
- C21B2300/04—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
- F27D2019/0028—Regulation
- F27D2019/0034—Regulation through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current
- F27D2019/004—Fuel quantity
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a hot metal temperature control method, an operation guidance method, a blast furnace operation method, a hot metal manufacturing method, a hot metal temperature control device, and an operation guidance device.
- Hot metal temperature is an important control index in the blast furnace process in the steel industry. This hot metal temperature is mainly controlled by manipulating the Pulverized Coal Ratio (PCR), which indicates the flow rate of pulverized coal per ton of hot metal.
- PCR Pulverized Coal Ratio
- blast furnace operations have been carried out under conditions of low coke ratio and high pulverized coal ratio in order to pursue rationalization of raw material and fuel costs, and the furnace condition is likely to become unstable. Therefore, there is a great need to reduce the variation in hot metal temperature.
- the blast furnace process since the blast furnace process operates in a state where it is filled with solids, it has the characteristics that the heat capacity of the entire process is large and the time constant of the response to the operation (operation action) is long. Furthermore, there is wasted time on the order of several hours before the raw material charged from the upper part of the blast furnace (top of the furnace) drops to the lower part of the blast furnace (lower part of the furnace). Therefore, in order to control the hot metal temperature, it is essential to optimize the manipulated variable of the manipulated variable based on the future furnace heat prediction.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a furnace heat prediction method using a physical model.
- the gas reduction rate parameters included in the physical model are adjusted so as to match the composition of the current furnace top gas, and the furnace heat is used using the parameter-adjusted physical model. Is predicted.
- the conventional hot metal temperature control method has a problem that the control performance deteriorates when the raw material descent rate (unloading) changes due to the fluctuation of the air permeability.
- the direct instrumental variable by the operator is the pulverized coal flow rate [kg / min] blown from the tuyere.
- iron forming rate the hot metal production rate
- t / min the hot metal production rate
- the iron forming speed is roughly proportional to the oxygen flow rate supplied into the furnace, but even if this oxygen flow rate is constant, if the air permeability in the furnace deteriorates, the bulk density of the raw material temporarily decreases, and the bulk density of the raw material decreases. The unloading becomes gradual. In such a case, the hot metal temperature control method using the conventional physical model has a problem that the control accuracy is lowered.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and is a method for controlling hot metal temperature, a method for operating guidance, a method for operating a blast furnace, and a method for manufacturing hot metal, which are not easily affected by fluctuations in unloading due to fluctuations in air permeability. , It is an object of the present invention to provide a hot metal temperature control device and an operation guidance device.
- the hot metal temperature control method keeps the hot metal temperature predicted by a physical model capable of calculating the state in the blast furnace within a preset target range.
- the first control loop for calculating the target value of the pulverized coal ratio and the manipulated amount of the pulverized coal flow rate for compensating for the deviation between the target value of the pulverized coal ratio and the actual value of the current pulverized coal ratio.
- the manipulated variable of all the manipulated variables among a plurality of preset manipulated variables using the physical model is constant for a predetermined period.
- Step response calculation step to calculate the step response indicating the response of the hot metal temperature when changed to, and the operation of the pulverized coal ratio to keep the hot metal temperature within the target range based on the free response and the step response.
- the target value of the pulverized coal ratio calculated by the first control loop in advance.
- the pulverized coal ratio deviation calculation step for calculating the deviation of the pulverized coal ratio from the calculated actual value of the iron forming speed, and the deviation of the pulverized coal ratio and the actual value of the iron forming speed of the pulverized coal flow rate.
- the method for controlling the hot metal temperature according to the present invention is the above-mentioned invention, in which the operation amount of all the operation variables among the plurality of operation variables is constant for a predetermined period in the PCR operation amount calculation step.
- the operation amount of the pulverized coal ratio is calculated so that the predicted value of the hot metal temperature after the lapse of a predetermined period is included in the upper and lower limit values of the hot metal temperature set in advance.
- the operation guidance method presents the operation amount of the pulverized coal flow rate calculated by the above-mentioned hot metal temperature control method, thereby operating the blast furnace. Includes steps to assist.
- the operation method of the blast furnace according to the present invention is the blast furnace according to the operation amount of the pulverized coal flow rate calculated by the hot metal temperature control method according to any one of the above. Includes steps to control.
- the method for producing hot metal according to the present invention controls the blast furnace according to the operation amount of the pulverized coal flow rate calculated by the above-mentioned method for controlling the hot metal temperature, and manufactures hot metal. Includes steps to do.
- the hot metal temperature control device keeps the hot metal temperature predicted by a physical model capable of calculating the state in the blast furnace within a preset target range.
- the first control loop for calculating the target value of the pulverized coal ratio and the manipulated amount of the pulverized coal flow rate for compensating for the deviation between the target value of the pulverized coal ratio and the actual value of the current pulverized coal ratio. It is provided with a second control loop for calculating and a means for executing.
- the operation guidance device operates the blast furnace by presenting the operation amount of the pulverized coal flow rate calculated by the above-mentioned hot metal temperature control device.
- the hot metal temperature control method the operation guidance method, the blast furnace operation method, the hot metal manufacturing method, the hot metal temperature control device and the operation guidance device according to the present invention, the influence of the unloading fluctuation due to the fluctuation of the air permeability.
- the hot metal temperature can be controlled without receiving the hot metal. Therefore, highly efficient and stable operation of the blast furnace can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hot metal temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of input variables and output variables of a physical model used in the hot metal temperature control method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the structure of a control loop in the hot metal temperature control method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a prediction result of the hot metal temperature by a physical model in the hot metal temperature control method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a step response of the hot metal temperature to a change in the pulverized coal ratio in the hot metal temperature control method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a hot metal temperature control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of input variables and output variables of a physical model used in the hot metal temperature control method according
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the result of applying the hot metal temperature control method according to the embodiment of the present invention to the actual operation of the blast furnace. Specifically, the deviation of the actual value from the target value of the hot metal temperature, the operation amount of the pulverized coal ratio by this control and the operator, the transition of the target value and the actual value of the pulverized coal ratio, and the operation of the pulverized coal flow rate by this control and the operator. It is a figure which shows the quantity.
- the hot metal temperature control method, the operation guidance method, the blast furnace operation method, the hot metal manufacturing method, the hot metal temperature control device, and the operation guidance device according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the control device 100 includes an information processing device 101, an input device 102, and an output device 103.
- the information processing device 101 is composed of a general-purpose device such as a personal computer or a workstation, and includes a RAM 111, a ROM 112, and a CPU 113.
- the RAM 111 temporarily stores a processing program and processing data related to the processing executed by the CPU 113, and functions as a working area of the CPU 113.
- the ROM 112 stores a control program 112a that executes the hot metal temperature control method according to the embodiment of the present invention, and a processing program and processing data that control the operation of the entire information processing apparatus 101.
- the CPU 113 controls the operation of the entire information processing apparatus 101 according to the control program 112a and the processing program stored in the ROM 112.
- the CPU 113 functions as a free response calculation means for performing a free response calculation step, a step response calculation means for performing a step response calculation step, and a PCR operation amount calculation means for performing a PCR operation amount calculation step. ..
- the CPU 113 includes a PCR target value calculation means for performing a PCR target value calculation step, a pulverized coal ratio deviation calculation means for performing a pulverized coal ratio deviation calculation step, a PCI operation amount calculation means for performing a PCI operation amount calculation step, and a PCI set value calculation. It functions as a PCI setting value calculation means for performing steps.
- the input device 102 is composed of devices such as a keyboard, a mouse pointer, and a numeric keypad, and is operated when various information is input to the information processing device 101.
- the output device 103 is composed of a display device, a printing device, and the like, and outputs various processing information of the information processing device 101.
- the physical model used in the present invention is the same as that described in Reference 1 (Michiharu Hanedano et al .: “Study of burning operation by blast furnace unsteady model”, Iron and Steel, vol.68, p.2369). It is composed of a group of partial differential equations considering multiple physical phenomena such as reduction of iron ore, heat exchange between iron ore and coke, and melting of iron ore. Further, the physical model used in the present invention is a physical model capable of calculating variables (output variables) indicating the state in the blast furnace in the unsteady state (hereinafter referred to as "unsteady model").
- the main things that change with time in the boundary conditions given to this unsteady model are as follows.
- the main output variables formed by the unsteady model are as follows. (1) Gas utilization rate in the furnace ( ⁇ CO): CO 2 / (CO + CO 2 ) (2) Coke and iron temperature (3) Degree of oxidation of iron ore (4) Raw material drop rate (5) Sol Roth carbon amount (Sol Roth carbon amount) (6) Hot metal temperature (7) Hot metal making speed (hot metal generation speed) (8) Amount of heat loss in the furnace body: Amount of heat taken by the cooling water when the furnace body is cooled by the cooling water.
- the time step (time interval) when calculating the output variable is set to 30 minutes.
- the time step is variable depending on the purpose and is not limited to the value of the present embodiment.
- a control loop executed by the hot metal temperature control method according to the present embodiment will be described.
- a double-structured control loop including a first control loop (HMT control loop) and a second control loop (PCR control loop).
- HMT control loop a first control loop
- PCR control loop a second control loop
- target PCR the target value of the pulverized coal ratio
- the manipulated amount of the pulverized coal flow rate for compensating for the deviation between the target value of the pulverized coal ratio (target PCR) and the actual value of the current pulverized coal ratio (actual PCR) is calculated. ..
- the hot metal temperature control method includes a free response calculation step, a step response calculation step, a PCR operation amount calculation step, a PCR target value calculation step, a pulverized coal ratio deviation calculation step, a PCI operation amount calculation step, and a PCI set value.
- the calculation steps are performed in this order.
- the above non-stationary model can be expressed, for example, as the following equations (1) and (2).
- x (t) is a state variable calculated in the unsteady model (temperature of coke and iron, degree of oxidation of iron ore, rate of descent of raw materials, etc.)
- y. (T) is a hot metal temperature (HMT) which is a control variable.
- C is a matrix or a function for extracting a control variable from the state variables calculated in the unsteady model.
- u (t) in the above equation (1) is an air flow rate, an enriched oxygen flow rate, a pulverized coal flow rate, an air moisture content, an air temperature, and a coke ratio, which are input variables of the unsteady model.
- the response y 0 of the control variable (here, the hot metal temperature) obtained in this way is referred to as a “free response” in the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the prediction results of some of the manipulated variables (input variables) (coke ratio CR, pulverized coal flow rate PCI, blast moisture BM) and hot metal temperature HMT.
- the calculated value of the hot metal temperature HMT in the past section is calculated using the actual manipulated variables in the past.
- Step response calculation step the response of the hot metal temperature HMT is shown when the manipulated amount of the pulverized coal ratio is changed in steps by a unit amount among a plurality of manipulated variables (input variables) using the above non-stationary model. Calculate the step response.
- the free response Y 0 of the hot metal temperature HMT obtained in the free response calculation step is shown by the solid line in FIG. 5 (b).
- the response of the hot metal temperature HMT when the pulverized coal ratio PCR is increased by 10 kg / t at time 0 while retaining other instrumental variables is shown. It is calculated by the following formulas (5) and (6).
- the increase in the pulverized coal flow rate PCI is obtained by multiplying the increase in the pulverized coal ratio PCR by the current iron forming speed. Further, in the above equation (5), the operation of increasing the pulverized coal flow rate PCI is set as ⁇ u 1.
- the response y 1 of the hot metal temperature HMT obtained in this step is shown by the broken line in FIG. 5 (b).
- the operating range of the pulverized coal ratio PCR is determined so that the future hot metal temperature HMT falls within the target range (target HMT). That is, in this step, the manipulated variable ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio for keeping the hot metal temperature HMT within the target range is calculated based on the free response obtained in the free response calculation step and the step response obtained in the step response calculation step.
- the manipulated variable ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio is calculated as shown in the following formula (7). That is, when the manipulated variable of all the manipulated variables (input variables) is constant for a predetermined period, the predicted value of the hot metal temperature HMT after the elapse of the predetermined period is the preset hot metal temperature HMT.
- the instrumental amount ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio is calculated so as to be included in the upper and lower limit values. Since the time required from when the iron ore is put into the furnace to when it is discharged to the outside of the furnace is about 8 hours, the prediction interval of the hot metal temperature HMT in the following formula (7) is set to 10 hours.
- the control section is set to one step for the sake of simplification of the control logic.
- T 10 pre is a predicted value of the hot metal temperature HMT after 10 hours
- T U is the upper limit of the hot metal temperature HMT
- T L is the lower limit of the hot metal temperature HMT
- S 10 PCR is The value after 10 hours of the step response of the hot metal temperature HMT to the change of the pulverized coal ratio PCR.
- PCR target value calculation step (PCR target value calculation step) Subsequently, as shown in the following formula (8), the manipulated variable ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio obtained in the PCR manipulated variable calculation step is added to the target value PCR 0 ref of the current pulverized coal ratio managed by the operator. Thereby, the target value PCR ref of the pulverized coal ratio is calculated.
- the contents described above correspond to the first control loop (HMT control loop) in FIG.
- Step to calculate pulverized coal ratio deviation In this step, the deviation (deviation of the pulverized coal ratio) between the target value PCR ref of the pulverized coal ratio obtained in the PCR target value calculation step and the actual value of the current pulverized coal ratio is calculated.
- the iron forming speed is obtained by obtaining the difference between the amount of oxygen contained in the hot air blown from the tuyere of the blast furnace and the amount of oxygen contained in the gas discharged from the top of the furnace. be able to.
- the actual value of the current pulverized coal ratio was obtained from the frequency of raw material charging at the nearest 8 charges based on the pig iron equivalent amount of iron oxide contained in the raw material layer (charge) charged into the blast furnace. That is, assuming that the charge number currently being charged is N, the number of raw material layers existing in the furnace is A, the charging start time of the i-th charge is Time [i], and the pig iron conversion amount is Pig [i].
- the current iron forming speed Prod (t) can be calculated by the following equation (9).
- the pig iron conversion amount Pig in the above formula (9) more specifically indicates the weight obtained by converting the portion to be pig iron with respect to the weight of the raw material put into the blast furnace.
- the number of raw material layers is traced back by the A layer only in order to obtain the iron forming speed by the amount of pig iron contained in the raw material layer at the tuyere height.
- the amount of pig iron charged into the blast furnace is divided by the time required to charge the raw materials for the nearest 8 charges to obtain the amount of pig iron charged within that time, that is, the pig iron production speed. You can ask. Since the iron forming speed fluctuates greatly when calculated based on the actual value in a short period of time, it is desirable to smooth it in a period of about 1 to 3 hours.
- the average of 8 charges is used, which corresponds to about 2 hours in normal operation.
- PCI operation amount calculation step In this step, when the deviation ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio occurs, the manipulated amount ⁇ PCI of the pulverized coal flow rate for compensating the deviation ⁇ PCR is calculated by the following formula (11).
- the set value (set PCI) of the pulverized coal flow rate is calculated by adding the manipulated amount ⁇ PCI of the pulverized coal flow rate obtained in the PCI operation amount calculation step to the set value of the current pulverized coal flow rate.
- the contents described above correspond to the second control loop (PCR control loop) in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is an example showing the result of applying the hot metal temperature control method according to the present embodiment to the actual operation of the blast furnace.
- FIG. 6A shows the deviation of the actual value with respect to the target value of the hot metal temperature.
- the solid line shows the actual value of the hot metal temperature (actual HMT), and the broken line shows the target value of the hot metal temperature (target HMT).
- FIG. 6B shows a comparison result between the manipulated amount ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio by this control and the manipulated amount of the pulverized coal ratio actually operated by the operator.
- the triangular mark indicates the operation by this control
- the circle mark indicates the operation by the operator.
- FIG. 6 (c) shows the comparison result of the transition of the target value and the actual value of the pulverized coal ratio.
- the broken line shows the actual value of the pulverized coal ratio (actual PCR)
- the solid line shows the target value of the pulverized coal ratio (target PCR).
- the vertical axis of the figure shows the deviation from the typical value of the pulverized coal ratio.
- this "typical value of the pulverized coal ratio” the average value of the pulverized coal ratio at the time of normal operation of the blast furnace can be used.
- FIG. 6D shows a comparison result between the operation amount ⁇ PCI of the pulverized coal flow rate by this control and the operation amount of the actual pulverized coal flow rate operated by the operator as in the conventional case.
- the triangular mark indicates the operation by this control
- the circle mark indicates the operation by the operator.
- the "main control" in FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (d) is also the result of a test conducted in a format in which guidance is given to the operator, not completely automatic control.
- the operator operates generally according to the guidance and can keep the hot metal temperature near the target value.
- the action of lowering the pulverized coal flow rate is output together with the pulverized coal ratio from 11:00 to 12:00. Then, as a result of the operator performing the operation by this control, the hot metal temperature is kept near the target value.
- the operation of the pulverized coal flow rate is operated between 18:00 and 20:00 even if the operation amount ⁇ PCR of the pulverized coal ratio is zero.
- the operation of the quantity ⁇ PCI is output.
- the pulverized coal ratio PCR is maintained near the target value, and as shown in the part F of FIG. 6 (a), the fluctuation of the hot metal temperature is suppressed. .. From the above, the usefulness of the hot metal temperature control method according to the present embodiment in the actual operation was shown.
- the fluctuation of the air permeability is caused.
- the hot metal temperature can be controlled without being affected by fluctuations in unloading. Therefore, highly efficient and stable operation of the blast furnace can be realized.
- the manipulated amount of the pulverized coal flow rate can be calculated by the control loop having a double structure (see FIG. 3) including the HMT control loop and the PCR control loop. Automatic control of hot metal temperature can be realized.
- the hot metal temperature control method, the operation guidance method, the blast furnace operation method, the hot metal manufacturing method, the hot metal temperature control device, and the operation guidance device according to the present invention are concretely described by embodiments and examples for carrying out the invention.
- the gist of the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and must be broadly interpreted based on the description of the scope of claims. Needless to say, various changes, modifications, etc. based on these descriptions are also included in the gist of the present invention.
- Control device 101 Information processing device 102 Input device 103 Output device 111 RAM 112 ROM 112a Control program 113 CPU
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御装置(以下、「制御装置」という)の構成について、図1を参照しながら説明する。制御装置100は、情報処理装置101と、入力装置102と、出力装置103と、を備えている。
次に、本発明の実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法で用いる物理モデルについて説明する。本発明で用いる物理モデルは、参考文献1(羽田野道春ら:“高炉非定常モデルによる火入れ操業の検討”,鉄と鋼,vol.68,p.2369)記載の方法と同様に、鉄鉱石の還元、鉄鉱石とコークスとの間の熱交換、および鉄鉱石の融解等の複数の物理現象を考慮した偏微分方程式群から構成されている。また、本発明で用いる物理モデルは、非定常状態における高炉内の状態を示す変数(出力変数)を計算可能な物理モデルである(以下、「非定常モデル」という)。
(1)炉頂におけるコークス比(CR)[kg/t]:溶銑1トン当たりのコークスの投入量
(2)送風流量(BV)[Nm3/min]:高炉に送風される空気の流量
(3)富化酸素流量(BVO)[Nm3/min]:高炉に吹き込まれる富化酸素の流量
(4)送風温度(BT)[℃]:高炉に送風される空気の温度
(5)微粉炭流量(微粉炭吹込み量、PCI)[kg/min]:溶銑生成量1トンに対して使用される微粉炭の重量
(6)送風湿分(BM)[g/Nm3]:高炉に送風される空気の湿度
(1)炉内におけるガス利用率(ηCO):CO2/(CO+CO2)
(2)コークスや鉄の温度
(3)鉄鉱石の酸化度
(4)原料の降下速度
(5)ソルーションロスカーボン量(ソルロスカーボン量)
(6)溶銑温度
(7)造銑速度(溶銑生成速度)
(8)炉体ヒートロス量:冷却水により炉体を冷却した際に冷却水が奪う熱量
次に、本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法で実行する制御ループについて説明する。本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法では、図3に示すように、第一の制御ループ(HMT制御ループ)と、第二の制御ループ(PCR制御ループ)とからなる二重構造の制御ループを実行する。第一の制御ループでは、高炉内の状態を計算可能な非定常モデルによって予測した溶銑温度が、予め設定された目標範囲(目標HMT)に収まるように、微粉炭比の目標値(目標PCR)を算出する。また、第二の制御ループでは、微粉炭比の目標値(目標PCR)と現在の微粉炭比の実績値(実績PCR)との偏差を補償するための、微粉炭流量の操作量を算出する。
次に、上記の非定常モデルを用いた本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法について説明する。本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法は、自由応答算出ステップ、ステップ応答算出ステップ、PCR操作量算出ステップ、PCR目標値算出ステップ、微粉炭比偏差算出ステップ、PCI操作量算出ステップおよびPCI設定値算出ステップをこの順で行う。上記の非定常モデルは、例えば下記式(1)、(2)のように示すことができる。
まず、現在の全ての操作変数の操作量が一定に保たれたことを仮定して、将来の溶銑温度HMTの予測計算を行う。すなわち本ステップでは、上記の非定常モデルを用いて、予め設定された複数の操作変数(入力変数)のうち、全ての操作変数の操作量が所定期間一定である場合の、溶銑温度HMTの応答を算出する。本ステップでは、具体的には、現在の時間ステップをt=0と置き、下記式(3)、(4)を用いて、将来の溶銑温度HMTを算出する。また、非定常モデルによる現時点の溶銑温度の推定値と、現時点の実際の溶銑温度との間に推定誤差が生じている場合は、必要に応じて、以下のような処理を行ってもよい。すなわち、非定常モデルによる計算値に推定誤差を加算することにより、実績値とのバイアス誤差を解消する補正を実施してもよい。
本ステップでは、上記の非定常モデルを用いて、複数の操作変数(入力変数)のうち、微粉炭比の操作量を単位量だけステップ状に変化させた場合の、溶銑温度HMTの応答を示すステップ応答を算出する。
続いて、将来の溶銑温度HMTが目標範囲(目標HMT)に収まるように微粉炭比PCRの操作幅を決定する。すなわち本ステップでは、自由応答算出ステップで求めた自由応答およびステップ応答算出ステップで求めたステップ応答に基づいて、溶銑温度HMTを目標範囲に収めるための微粉炭比の操作量ΔPCRを算出する。
続いて、下記式(8)に示すように、PCR操作量算出ステップで求めた微粉炭比の操作量ΔPCRを、オペレータが管理している現在の微粉炭比の目標値PCR0 refに加算することにより、微粉炭比の目標値PCRrefを算出する。以上で説明した内容が、図3の第一の制御ループ(HMT制御ループ)に相当する。
本ステップでは、PCR目標値算出ステップで求めた微粉炭比の目標値PCRrefと、現在の微粉炭比の実績値との偏差(微粉炭比の偏差)を算出する。
本ステップでは、微粉炭比の偏差δPCRが生じている場合に、当該偏差δPCRを補償するための微粉炭流量の操作量ΔPCIを、下記式(11)により算出する。
本ステップでは、PCI操作量算出ステップで求めた微粉炭流量の操作量ΔPCIを、現在の微粉炭流量の設定値に加算することにより、微粉炭流量の設定値(設定PCI)を算出する。以上で説明した内容が、図3の第二の制御ループ(PCR制御ループ)に相当する。以上の処理により、溶銑温度HMTを制御するための適切な微粉炭流量PCIの操作が可能となる。また、通気性の変動に起因して荷下りの変動が生じた場合であっても、上記式(9)~(11)からなるPCR制御ループによって微粉炭比PCRの変動を抑制することが可能となるため、溶銑温度HMTのばらつきを低減することが可能となる。
図6は、本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法を高炉の実操業に適用した結果を示す実施例である。図6(a)は、溶銑温度の目標値に対する実績値の偏差を示している。同図において、実線は溶銑温度の実績値(実績HMT)を、破線は溶銑温度の目標値(目標HMT)を、示している。また、図6(b)は、本制御による微粉炭比の操作量ΔPCRと、オペレータが操作した実績の微粉炭比の操作量との比較結果を示している。同図において、三角印は本制御による操作を、丸印はオペレータによる操作を、示している。
本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法を操業ガイダンス方法に適用することも可能である。この場合、前記した溶銑温度の制御方法における自由応答算出ステップ、ステップ応答算出ステップ、PCR操作量算出ステップ、PCR目標値算出ステップ、微粉炭比偏差算出ステップおよびPCI操作量算出ステップに加えて、以下のステップを行う。すなわち、PCI操作量算出ステップで算出された微粉炭流量の操作量ΔPCIを、例えば出力装置103を介してオペレータに提示することにより、高炉の操業を支援するステップを行う。
本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法を高炉の操業方法に適用することも可能である。この場合、前記した溶銑温度の制御方法における自由応答算出ステップ、ステップ応答算出ステップ、PCR操作量算出ステップ、PCR目標値算出ステップ、微粉炭比偏差算出ステップおよびPCI操作量算出ステップに加えて、以下のステップを行う。すなわち、PCI操作量算出ステップで算出された微粉炭流量の操作量ΔPCIに従って高炉を制御するステップを行う。
本実施形態に係る溶銑温度の制御方法を溶銑の製造方法に適用することも可能である。この場合、前記した溶銑温度の制御方法における自由応答算出ステップ、ステップ応答算出ステップ、PCR操作量算出ステップ、PCR目標値算出ステップ、微粉炭比偏差算出ステップおよびPCI操作量算出ステップに加えて、以下のステップを行う。すなわち、PCI操作量算出ステップで算出された微粉炭流量の操作量ΔPCIに従って高炉を制御し、溶銑を製造するステップを行う。
101 情報処理装置
102 入力装置
103 出力装置
111 RAM
112 ROM
112a 制御プログラム
113 CPU
Claims (10)
- 高炉内の状態を計算可能な物理モデルによって予測した溶銑温度が、予め設定された目標範囲に収まるように、微粉炭比の目標値を算出する第一の制御ループと、
前記微粉炭比の目標値と現在の微粉炭比の実績値との偏差を補償するための、微粉炭流量の操作量を算出する第二の制御ループと、
を実行する溶銑温度の制御方法。 - 前記第一の制御ループは、
前記物理モデルを用いて、予め設定された複数の操作変数のうち、全ての操作変数の操作量が所定期間一定である場合の、溶銑温度の応答を示す自由応答を算出する自由応答算出ステップと、
前記物理モデルを用いて、前記複数の操作変数のうち、前記微粉炭比の操作量を単位量だけステップ状に変化させた場合の、溶銑温度の応答を示すステップ応答を算出するステップ応答算出ステップと、
前記自由応答および前記ステップ応答に基づいて、溶銑温度を前記目標範囲に収めるための微粉炭比の操作量を算出するPCR操作量算出ステップと、
前記微粉炭比の操作量を、現在の微粉炭比の目標値に加算することにより、微粉炭比の目標値を算出するPCR目標値算出ステップと、
を含む請求項1に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法。 - 前記第二の制御ループは、
前記第一の制御ループによって算出される前記微粉炭比の目標値と、前記微粉炭比の実績値と、予め算出された造銑速度の実績値とから、微粉炭比の偏差を算出する微粉炭比偏差算出ステップと、
前記微粉炭比の偏差と前記造銑速度の実績値とから、前記微粉炭流量の操作量を算出するPCI操作量算出ステップと、
を含む請求項1または請求項2に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法。 - 前記PCR操作量算出ステップは、前記複数の操作変数のうち、全ての操作変数の操作量が所定期間一定である場合の、前記所定期間経過後の溶銑温度の予測値が、予め設定された溶銑温度の上下限値に含まれるように、前記微粉炭比の操作量を算出する請求項2に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法。
- 前記造銑速度の実績値は、操作量を計算する時点から所定時間前までの、高炉に投入される原料、または、前記高炉の羽口から吹き込む熱風および炉頂から出るガスに基づいて算出される請求項3に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法によって算出された微粉炭流量の操作量を提示することにより、高炉の操業を支援するステップを含む操業ガイダンス方法。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法によって算出された微粉炭流量の操作量に従って高炉を制御するステップを含む高炉の操業方法。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の溶銑温度の制御方法によって算出された微粉炭流量の操作量に従って高炉を制御し、溶銑を製造するステップを含む溶銑の製造方法。
- 高炉内の状態を計算可能な物理モデルによって予測した溶銑温度が、予め設定された目標範囲に収まるように、微粉炭比の目標値を算出する第一の制御ループと、
前記微粉炭比の目標値と現在の微粉炭比の実績値との偏差を補償するための、微粉炭流量の操作量を算出する第二の制御ループと、
を実行する手段を備える溶銑温度の制御装置。 - 請求項9に記載の溶銑温度の制御装置によって算出された微粉炭流量の操作量を提示することにより、高炉の操業を支援する手段を備える操業ガイダンス装置。
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