WO2022002071A1 - 一种隐伏岩溶管道探测方法及系统 - Google Patents

一种隐伏岩溶管道探测方法及系统 Download PDF

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WO2022002071A1
WO2022002071A1 PCT/CN2021/103199 CN2021103199W WO2022002071A1 WO 2022002071 A1 WO2022002071 A1 WO 2022002071A1 CN 2021103199 W CN2021103199 W CN 2021103199W WO 2022002071 A1 WO2022002071 A1 WO 2022002071A1
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karst
point
data
underground
transmitter
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French (fr)
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李术才
孙怀凤
张诺亚
杨静
杨洋
郑梓强
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/15—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat
    • G01V3/17—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat operating with electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/12—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of karst geological detection, and specifically designs a hidden karst pipeline detection method and system.
  • Karst is formed by the erosion of soluble rocks by groundwater with dissolution force. 1/3 of my country's land area is limestone distribution area, and the most developed karst areas are located in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, southern Sichuan and other areas. Studying the distribution of underground karst is very important for understanding and analyzing regional karst geology, and it is extremely important in engineering, environment, water resources and other fields.
  • the commonly used karst geological survey methods are: geological survey method, connectivity test, drilling and pumping test method, geophysical prospecting method, etc.
  • the geological survey method mainly relies on the surface survey of the investigators, including the obvious problems such as ascending spring, descending spring, karst collapse, etc.
  • the investigation of geological phenomena if there is no obvious surface phenomenon, it is impossible to carry out effective geological investigation of underground hidden karst; the connection test needs to put tracers in the upstream and receive it in the downstream, and only the connectivity of two points can be judged.
  • karst pipelines For underground karst pipelines The distribution of karsts cannot be located and inferred; drilling and pumping tests are generally aimed at evaluating the degree of karst development in a drilling area and a small surrounding area, and the cost is high when used in large areas; geophysical methods are commonly used imaging methods for underground karsts At present, the commonly used methods include geological radar method, high-density electrical method, transient electromagnetic method, seismic method, natural source and artificial source audio magnetotelluric method, cross-hole CT method combined with drilling, etc.
  • high-density electrical method Seismic reflection method, ground penetrating radar detection and other methods are limited by the instruments and methods themselves, mainly to solve the shallow surface anomaly, and are often used for surface detection; natural and artificial source audio magnetotelluric methods Due to the requirements of the field source layout, the surface anomalies may be in the detection blind zone and the detection effect cannot be achieved, so it is often used for mid-deep anomaly detection. These methods often have limited detection depth, and sometimes there are many false anomalies, which are difficult to judge. Especially in some survey areas with large exploration areas and unknown target areas, the cost of exploration will increase significantly, and the efficiency of exploration will be low.
  • the invention discloses a new method and system for detection of hidden karst pipelines, which can realize the detection of hidden karst pipelines.
  • the present invention proposes a new method for detecting hidden karst pipelines, comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 Determine the upstream point A and downstream point B of the underground karst pipeline
  • Step 2 Arrange grounding electrodes at upstream point A and downstream point B, and use the underground karst water channel, transmitter and generator in the karst pipeline in the survey area to establish an electromagnetic transmission system;
  • Step 3 Use the air mobile equipment to carry the receiver as the receiving end to arrange the receiving system
  • Step 4 The electromagnetic launch system is turned on
  • Step 5 Control the movement of the survey line designed by the aerial mobile equipment according to the geological survey results, continuously perform continuous data collection along the designed survey line in the survey area, complete the area measurement, and obtain the data in the entire survey area;
  • Step 6 Perform data processing on the observation data; determine the network or tree-like path diagram of underground karst water from A to B.
  • step 1 the specific method of the step 1 is as follows:
  • the upstream point A and the downstream point B need to be two clearly exposed ascending springs or descending springs, or the existence of flowing groundwater through drilling;
  • the specific method of the step 4 is as follows:
  • the concrete method of the described step 5 is as follows:
  • the measurement is carried out by suspending the magnetic field sensor from the aircraft, flying according to the designed survey line, and if necessary, it can work in parallel through multiple aircraft, and all acquisitions need to be time-synchronized with the transmitter through GPS or quartz clock;
  • the specific method of the step 6 is as follows:
  • discrete Fourier transform is performed on the observed signal, and the corresponding amplitude and phase information of each single-frequency electromagnetic wave data are obtained after discrete Fourier transform;
  • the present invention further provides a detection system based on the above-mentioned detection method for a hidden karst pipeline, including an aerial mobile device, a transmitter, a receiver, a receiving sensor, an electrode, a power supply device and a data processing device;
  • the transmitter, the power supply device and the underground karst water channel connected with the two electrodes form an electromagnetic emission system, and the two electrodes are respectively arranged at the upstream point A and the downstream point B of the karst pipeline;
  • the aerial mobile device is equipped with a receiver, and continuously collects data along the designed survey line in the survey area, completes the area measurement, and obtains the data of the entire survey area;
  • the data processing device processes the measured data to determine the distribution of underground karst pipes.
  • the data processing device includes:
  • a discrete Fourier transform module which is configured to perform discrete Fourier transform on the observation signal, and obtain the corresponding amplitude and phase information of each single-frequency electromagnetic wave data after the discrete Fourier transform;
  • a normalization processing module which is configured to normalize the observed amplitude and draw an isomap of the amplitude, also process the phase and draw the isomap of the phase;
  • the calculation and graphics drawing module is configured to calculate the electrical conductivity and draw the plane distribution map, and display different high and low values through different color scales. Anomalous areas in the distribution map of amplitude, phase, and conductivity, which are plotted to determine the network or tree-like path of underground karst water from point A to point B.
  • the invention has a simple structure and can simply and quickly detect a hidden karst pipeline system.
  • the network or tree-like path map of underground karst water from point A to point B obtained by the present invention can assist regional karst geological modeling.
  • the karst detection proposed by the present invention does not carry out drilling, pumping, etc., so it is beneficial to groundwater protection and achieves coordination between regional development and ecological environment protection.
  • Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the working process of the present invention.
  • the karst geological survey methods in the prior art include geological survey methods, connectivity tests, drilling and pumping test methods, and geophysical methods, etc., but these methods all have some shortcomings, and there is no available method for the current hidden karst pipeline exploration.
  • the present invention discloses a new method for detecting hidden karst pipelines.
  • the equipment mainly used in the detection method includes an unmanned aerial vehicle 1, a receiving coil 2, a transmitter 6, a generator 7 and a data processing device;
  • the UAV 1 adopts the existing UAV, which will not be repeated here, but it is not difficult to understand that in other embodiments, the UAV can be replaced by other flying devices. Just carry the receiving coil and move it in the air.
  • the receiving coil 2 is mainly used to receive the electromagnetic waves emitted by the ground transmitter.
  • the receiving method of the receiving coil adopts the waveform acquisition of full time period, full frequency and high sampling rate, and completes data acquisition in the form of scanning in the air; it is set according to actual needs.
  • the receiving coil is also an existing structure, which will not be repeated here.
  • the receiving coil 2 here can also be replaced by a magnetic rod.
  • the transmitter 6 and the generator 7 establish an electromagnetic transmission system with the underground karst water channel in the karst pipeline in the survey area.
  • ground electrodes are respectively arranged at points A and B in Figure 1, and the two electrodes are connected by wires.
  • the transmitter 6 is connected with the generator 7, and the generator 7 supplies power to the transmitter 6.
  • the low-resistance wire should be placed outside the measurement area as much as possible, so as not to interfere with the collected data, measure the grounding resistance and estimate Electric load, generator selection is generally 80% of the rated power.
  • the data processing device mainly processes the data received by the receiving coil 2 to obtain the distribution map of the karst channel.
  • the data processing device includes a discrete Fourier transform module, a normalization processing module and a calculation and graphic drawing module;
  • a discrete Fourier transform module configured to perform a discrete Fourier transform on the observed signal,
  • X(k) represents the data after discrete Fourier transform
  • x(n) is the sampled analog signal. After discrete Fourier transform, the corresponding amplitude and phase information of each single-frequency electromagnetic wave data are obtained;
  • a normalization processing module which is configured to normalize the observed amplitude and draw an isomap of the amplitude, also process the phase and draw the isomap of the phase;
  • the calculation and graphics drawing module is configured to calculate the electrical conductivity and draw the plane distribution map, and display different high and low values through different color scales. Anomalous areas in the distribution map of amplitude, phase, and conductivity, which are plotted to determine the network or tree-like path of underground karst water from point A to point B.
  • the present invention finds at least two exposed areas on the surface through investigation, such as rising springs or falling springs, artificially constructed boreholes, karst collapses with flowing water, etc.
  • the upstream point is named A
  • the downstream point is named B.
  • Place ground electrodes at points A and B connect the electrodes with wires, and connect the transmitter in the middle, and the transmitter is powered by a generator.
  • There is a specially designed emission current flowing in the transmitter then the electrodes at points A and B and the wires on the surface are used as external loops.
  • the underground karst water is a low resistivity material relative to the surrounding limestone, and it is approximately considered that the mesh wire conducts current. , forming a closed circuit system with the external circuit of the ground.
  • the drone uses the drone to mount a special electromagnetic field acquisition coil or magnetic rod, and complete the data acquisition in the form of scanning in the air. Due to electromagnetic induction, the underground well-conducting medium will show low resistance characteristics, and then induce a secondary field, which can pass through the receiver. Receiving and acquiring, through signal processing and coordinate mapping, the distribution range, network veins, connectivity and other characteristics of hidden karst pipelines can be obtained. Well-connected areas and poorly-connected areas will show different colors due to differences in electrical conductivity. It is used to assist in judging the underground distribution of hidden karst pipelines.
  • Step 1 Determine the typical exposure points of underground karst water channels, including but not limited to surface exposure points and borehole exposure points, by means of geological reconnaissance, investigation, drilling and other means in the survey area; and by measuring the water head and area of all exposure points Hydrogeological analysis determines the upstream point A and downstream point B of the underground karst pipeline;
  • Step 2 Use the underground karst water channel, transmitter and generator in the karst pipeline in the survey area to establish an electromagnetic transmission system, including: arranging ground electrodes at points A and B respectively, connecting the electrodes through wires and connecting the transmitter and generator , Among them, the low-resistance wire should be placed outside the measurement area as much as possible, so as not to interfere with the collected data, measure the grounding resistance and estimate the power load, and the generator selection is generally 80% of the rated power;
  • Step 3 Turn on the launch system. If the grounding resistance is too large, continue to add electrolyte to the underground karst water at the A pole. Considering the pollution of groundwater, salt is the best solution.
  • Step 4 The generator supplies power to the transmitting circuit, and the transmitting waveform of the transmitter contains mixed electromagnetic waves of n frequencies, and the encoding method adopts pseudo-random signal sequences such as 2n sequence, m sequence, and M sequence, and more generally, multiple sine waves can be used.
  • the direct superposition method determines the frequency composition and coding method according to the buried depth of the hidden karst;
  • Step 5 Use the unmanned aerial vehicle hoisting receiver as the receiving end to arrange the receiving system; the receiving mode of the receiving coil adopts the waveform acquisition of full time period, full frequency and high sampling rate;
  • Step 6 control the movement of the survey line designed by the drone according to the geological survey results, continuously perform continuous data collection along the designed survey line in the survey area, complete the area measurement, and obtain the data in the entire survey area;
  • Step 7 Perform data processing on the observed data, first perform discrete Fourier transform on the observed signal,
  • X(k) represents the data after discrete Fourier transform
  • x(n) is the sampled analog signal. After discrete Fourier transform, the corresponding amplitude and phase information of each single-frequency electromagnetic wave data are obtained;
  • Step 8 After normalizing the observed amplitude, draw the isomap of the amplitude, and also process the phase and draw the isomap;
  • Step 9 Calculate the electrical conductivity and draw a plane distribution map, and display different high and low values through different color scales. The result is tree root shape, and the potential hidden karst pipeline can be clearly seen;
  • Step 10 According to the abnormal areas in the amplitude, phase, and conductivity distribution map, draw and determine the network or tree-shaped path map of the underground karst water from A to B.

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Abstract

一种隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，主要包括：确定地下岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B；在上游点A和下游点B布置接地电极，利用测区内岩溶管道中的地下水通道、发射机以及发电机建立电磁发射系统；使用空中移动设备搭载接收器作为接收端布置接收系统；电磁发射系统开启，发射机向发射回路供电；控制空中移动设备根据地质调查结果设计的测线移动，在测区内沿设计好的测线不间断的进行连续数据采集，完成面积性测量，获得整个测区内的数据；对观测数据进行数据处理，确定地下岩溶水自A到B的网状路径图或树状路径图。还提供一种隐伏岩溶管道探测系统。

Description

一种隐伏岩溶管道探测方法及系统 技术领域
本发明属于岩溶地质探测领域，具体的设计一种隐伏岩溶管道探测方法及系统。
背景技术
岩溶是具有溶蚀力的地下水对可溶性岩石侵蚀而形成的。我国国土面积的1/3为灰岩分布区，其中岩溶最为发育的地区位于云南,贵州,广西,四川南部等地区。研究地下岩溶的分布对了解和分析区域岩溶地质非常重要，在工程、环境、水资源等领域都极为重要。
目前常用的岩溶地质调查方法有：地质调查法、连通试验、钻探及抽水试验法、物探法等，其中地质调查法主要依赖调查人员的地表调查，包括对上升泉、下降泉、岩溶塌陷等明显地质现象的调查，如果没有明显的地表现象则无法对地下隐伏岩溶开展有效的地质调查；连通试验需要在上游投放示踪剂并在下游接收，仅可判断两点的连通性，对于地下岩溶管道的分布无法定位和推断；钻探及抽水试验一般是针对某一钻孔区域及周边小范围内的岩溶发育程度进行评估，在大面积使用时成本较高；物探法是常用的隐伏岩溶地下成像方法，目前常用的手段有地质雷达法、高密度电法、瞬变电磁法、地震法、天然源和人工源音频大地电磁法、结合钻孔开展的跨孔CT法等，其中，高密度电法、地震反射法、探地雷达探测等方法受仪器设备和方法本身的限制，主要解决地表浅部异常，常常用来进行地表探测；天然源和人工源音频大地电磁法要求测区现场满足所选用的场源布设要求，地表异常可能会在探测盲区内从而达不到探测 效果，因此其常常用于中深部异常探测。这些方法往往探测深度有限，有时候假异常较多，不易判断，特别在一些勘探面积大且目标区域未知的测区，勘探的成本会大幅增加，勘探的效率也较低。
发明内容
针对目前隐伏岩溶管道探查没有可用方法的难题，本发明公开了一种隐伏岩溶管道探测新方法及系统，可以实现隐伏岩溶管道的探查。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本发明提出一种隐伏岩溶管道探测新方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1：确定地下岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B；
步骤2：在上游点A和下游点B布置接地电极，利用测区内岩溶管道中的地下岩溶水通道、发射机以及发电机建立电磁发射系统；
步骤3：使用空中移动设备搭载接收器作为接收端布置接收系统；
步骤4：电磁发射系统开启；
步骤5：控制空中移动设备根据地质调查结果设计的测线移动，在测区内沿设计好的测线不间断地进行连续数据采集，完成面积性测量，获得整个测区内的数据；
步骤6：对观测数据进行数据处理；确定地下岩溶水自A到B的网状或树状路径图。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的步骤1的具体方法如下：
所述上游点A和下游点B需要为两个明显出露的上升泉或下降泉，或通过钻孔发现存在流动的地下水；
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的步骤4的具体方法如下：
通过发射机向发射系统供入不同编码的波形，包含不同的频率(频率域)和不同的占空比(时间域)，同时将所发射的波形及电流记录，用于后续数据处理,发射机通过GPS或石英钟与接收端对时；
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的步骤5的具体方法如下：
通过飞行器悬挂磁场传感器进行测量，按照设计好的测线飞行，必要时可以通过多架飞行器并行工作，所有采集需要通过GPS或石英钟与发射端对时；
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的步骤6的具体方法如下：
首先对观测信号进行离散傅里叶变换，离散傅里叶变换后获得每个单频电磁波数据的对应幅值和相位信息；
对观测幅值进行归一化之后绘制幅值的等值图，对相位也进行处理并绘制相位的等值图；
对导电性进行计算和绘制平面分布图，通过不同的色标显示不同的高低值，结果呈树根状，能够清晰看到潜在的隐伏岩溶管道；
综合根据幅值、相位、导电性分布图中的异常区域，绘图确定地下岩溶水自A点到B点的网状路径图或树状路径图。
第二方面，本发明基于上述的隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，还提供了一种探测系统，包括空中移动设备、发射机、接收机、接收传感器、电极、供电装置和数据处理装置；
所述的发射机、供电装置和两个电极连接的地下岩溶水通道组成电磁发射系统，两个电极分别设置在岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B；
所述的空中移动设备搭载接收机，在测区内沿设计好的测线不间断地进行连续数据采集，完成面积性测量，获得整个测区的数据；
所述的数据处理装置对测得的数据进行处理，确定地下岩溶管道的分布。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的数据处理装置包括：
离散傅里叶变换模块，其被配置为对观测信号进行离散傅里叶变换，离散傅里叶变换后获得每个单频电磁波数据的对应幅值和相位信息；
归一化处理模块，其被配置为对观测幅值进行归一化之后绘制幅值的等值图，对相位也进行处理并绘制相位的等值图；
计算和图形绘制模块，其被配置为对导电性进行计算和绘制平面分布图，通过不同的色标显示不同的高低值，结果呈树根状，能够清晰看到潜在的隐伏岩溶管道；综合根据幅值、相位、导电性分布图中的异常区域，绘图确定地下岩溶水自A点到B点的网状或树状路径图。
本发明的有益效果：
本发明结构简单，能够简单、快速探测出隐伏的岩溶管道系统。
本发明得到的地下岩溶水自A点到B点的网状或树状路径图能够辅助区域岩溶地质建模。
本发明提出的岩溶探测未进行钻探及抽水等，因此有利于地下水保护，做到区域发展与生态环境保护相协调。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1提供了本发明工作过程示意图。
图中：无人机1、接收线圈2、测区3、隐伏岩溶通道4、导线5、发射机6、发电机7。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本发明使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非本发明另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中岩溶地质调查方法包括地质调查法、连通试验、钻探及抽水试验法、物探法等，但是这些方法均存在一些不足，针对目前隐伏岩溶管道探查没有可用方法的难题，本发明公开了一种隐伏岩溶管道探测新方法。
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1所示，本探测方法主要用到的设备包括无人机1、接收线圈2、发射机6、发电机7和数据处理装置；
所述的无人机1采用现有的无人机，在此不进行赘述了，但是不难理解的，在其他实施例中，无人机可以由其他的可飞行的装置进行代替，主要可以载着接收线圈在空中移动即可。
所述的接收线圈2主要是为了接收地面发射机发射的电磁波，接收线圈接收方式采取全时段、全频率、高采样率的波形采集，在空中以扫描形式完成数据采集；具体根据实际需要进行设置，该接收线圈也是现有的结构，在此不进行赘述了，当然不难理解的，这里的接收线圈2还可以采用磁棒进行代替。
发射机6和发电机7与测区内岩溶管道中的地下岩溶水通道建立电磁发射系统，结合附图，在图1中的A和B点分别布置接地电极，两个电极之间通过导线相连并连接发射机6，发射机6和发电机7相连，发电机7为发射机6供电，其中，低电阻导线应尽量放置在测区之外，以免对采集数据造成干扰，测量接地电阻并估算用电负荷，发电机选择一般以额定功率的80％。
数据处理装置，其主要是对接收线圈2接收的数据进行处理，获得岩溶通道的分布图。所述的数据处理装置，包括离散傅里叶变换模块、归一化处理模块和计算和图形绘制模块；
离散傅里叶变换模块，其被配置为对观测信号进行离散傅里叶变换，
Figure PCTCN2021103199-appb-000001
式中X(k)表示离散傅里叶变换后的数据，x(n)为采样的模拟信号。离散傅里叶变换后获得每个单频电磁波数据的对应幅值和相位信息；
归一化处理模块，其被配置为对观测幅值进行归一化之后绘制幅值的等值图，对相位也进行处理并绘制相位的等值图；
计算和图形绘制模块，其被配置为对导电性进行计算和绘制平面分布图，通过不同的色标显示不同的高低值，结果呈树根状，能够清晰看到潜在的隐伏岩溶管道；综合根据幅值、相位、导电性分布图中的异常区域，绘图确定地下岩溶水自A点到B点的网状或树状路径图。
下面对本发明的探测方法进行详细说明：
本发明通过调查发现至少2个地表出露区域，例如上升泉或下降泉、人工施工的钻孔、有流水的岩溶塌陷等，将上游点命名为A，下游点命名为B。在A、B两点放置接地电极，通过导线将电极连接起来，并在中间连接发射机，发射机 使用发电机供电。在发射机中有专门设计的发射电流流动，则A、B两点处的电极以及地表的导线作为外部回路，地下岩溶水相对于周边灰岩属于低电阻率物质，近似认为网状导线传导电流，与地面的外部回路形成封闭的电路系统。使用无人机挂载专用电磁场采集线圈或磁棒，在空中以扫描形式完成数据采集，由于电磁感应作用，地下良导介质会表现出低阻特性，进而感应出二次场，可通过接收器接收获取，通过信号处理和坐标成图，就可以获得隐伏岩溶管道的分布范围、网络脉状、联通情况等特性，良好连通区域和不良连通区域会因为导电性的差异而呈现出不同的颜色，用于辅助判断隐伏岩溶管道的地下分布情况。
其详细步骤为：
步骤1通过在测区内的地质踏勘、调查、钻探等手段，确定地下岩溶水通道的典型出露点，包括但不限于地面出露点和钻孔出露点；并通过测量所有出露点的水头、区域水文地质分析确定地下岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B；
步骤2利用测区内岩溶管道中的地下岩溶水通道、发射机以及发电机建立电磁发射系统，包括：在A和B点分别布置接地电极，电极之间通过导线相连并连接发射机和发电机，其中，低电阻导线应尽量放置在测区之外，以免对采集数据造成干扰，测量接地电阻并估算用电负荷，发电机选择一般以额定功率的80％；
步骤3发射系统开启，如果接地电阻过大，在A极持续向地下岩溶水中加入电解质，考虑到地下水的污染问题，以食盐为宜。
步骤4发电机向发射回路供电，发射机的发射波形包含n种频率的混频电磁波，其编码方式采取2n序列、m序列、M序列等伪随机信号序列，更一般地可 以采用多个正弦波直接叠加的方式，根据隐伏岩溶的埋深情况确定频率组成及编码方式；
步骤5使用无人机吊载接收器作为接收端布置接收系统；接收线圈接收方式采取全时段、全频率、高采样率的波形采集；
步骤6控制无人机根据地质调查结果设计的测线移动，在测区内沿设计好的测线不间断地进行连续数据采集，完成面积性测量，获得整个测区内的数据；
步骤7对观测数据进行数据处理，首先对观测信号进行离散傅里叶变换，
Figure PCTCN2021103199-appb-000002
式中X(k)表示离散傅里叶变换后的数据，x(n)为采样的模拟信号。离散傅里叶变换后获得每个单频电磁波数据的对应幅值和相位信息；
步骤8对观测幅值进行归一化之后绘制幅值的等值图，对相位也进行处理并绘制等值图；
步骤9对导电性进行计算和绘制平面分布图，通过不同的色标显示不同的高低值，结果呈树根状，能够清晰看到潜在的隐伏岩溶管道；
步骤10综合根据幅值、相位、导电性分布图中的异常区域，绘图确定地下岩溶水自A到B的网状或树状路径图。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    步骤1：确定地下岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B；
    步骤2：在上游点A和下游点B布置接地电极，利用测区内岩溶管道中的地下岩溶水通道、发射机以及发电机建立电磁发射系统；
    步骤3：使用空中移动设备搭载接收器作为接收端布置接收系统；
    步骤4：电磁发射系统开启，发电机向发射回路供电；
    步骤5：控制空中移动设备根据地质调查结果设计的测线移动，在测区内沿设计好的测线不间断地进行连续数据采集，完成面积性测量，获得整个测区内的数据；
    步骤6：对观测数据进行数据处理，确定地下岩溶水自A到B的网状或树状路径图，具体方法如下：
    首先对观测信号进行离散傅里叶变换，离散傅里叶变换后获得每个单频电磁波数据的对应幅值和相位信息；
    对观测幅值进行归一化之后绘制幅值的等值图，对相位也进行处理并绘制相位的等值图；
    对导电性进行计算和绘制平面分布图，通过不同的色标显示不同的高低值，结果呈树根状，能够清晰看到潜在的隐伏岩溶管道；
    综合根据幅值、相位、导电性分布图中的异常区域，绘图确定地下岩溶水自A点到B点的网状路径图或树状路径图。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，其特征在于，步骤1中的上游点A和下游点B确认方法如下：
    通过在测区内的地质踏勘、调查、钻探手段，确定地下岩溶水通道的典型 出露点，包括但不限于地面出露点和钻孔出露点；并通过测量所有出露点的水头、区域水文地质分析确定地下岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤2中，两个电极之间通过导线相连并连接发射机，其中，低电阻导线应尽量放置在测区之外，以免对采集数据造成干扰。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤3接收器的接收方式采取全时段、全频率、高采样率的波形采集。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的隐伏岩溶管道探测方法，其特征在于，所述的步骤4中，如果接地电阻过大，在A极持续向地下岩溶水中加入电解质，为防止地下水污染，以食盐为宜；电磁发射系统的发射波形包含n种频率的混频电磁波，其编码方式采取2n序列、m序列或者M序列伪随机信号序列；或者采用多个正弦波直接叠加的方式，根据隐伏岩溶的埋深情况确定频率组成及编码方式。
  6. 一种隐伏岩溶管道探测系统，其特征在于，包括空中移动设备、发射机、接收传感器、接收机、电极、供电装置和数据处理装置；
    所述的发射机、供电装置和两个电极连接的地下岩溶水通道组成电磁发射系统，两个电极分别设置在岩溶管道的上游点A和下游点B；
    所述的空中移动设备搭载接收机，其在测区内沿设计好的测线不间断地进行连续数据采集，完成面积性测量，获得整个测区内的数据；
    所述的数据处理装置对测得的数据进行检测，确定地下岩溶管道的分布，所述的数据处理装置包括：
    离散傅里叶变换模块，其被配置为对观测信号进行离散傅里叶变换，离散傅里叶变换后获得每个单频电磁波数据的对应幅值和相位信息；
    归一化处理模块，其被配置为对观测幅值进行归一化之后绘制幅值的等值图，对相位也进行处理并绘制相位的等值图；
    计算和图形绘制模块，其被配置为对导电性进行计算和绘制平面分布图，通过不同的色标显示不同的高低值，结果呈树根状，能够清晰看到潜在的隐伏岩溶管道；综合根据幅值、相位、导电性分布图中的异常区域，绘图确定地下岩溶水自A点到B点的网状路径图或树状路径图。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的探测系统，其特征在于，所述的发射机为电磁波发射机；所述的接收机为电磁波接收机。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述的电磁波接收机为接收线圈或电磁棒。
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