WO2021261510A1 - 標的分子の酸化還元方法、及び、標的分子酸化還元装置 - Google Patents
標的分子の酸化還元方法、及び、標的分子酸化還元装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021261510A1 WO2021261510A1 PCT/JP2021/023751 JP2021023751W WO2021261510A1 WO 2021261510 A1 WO2021261510 A1 WO 2021261510A1 JP 2021023751 W JP2021023751 W JP 2021023751W WO 2021261510 A1 WO2021261510 A1 WO 2021261510A1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/416—Systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/327—Biochemical electrodes, e.g. electrical or mechanical details for in vitro measurements
- G01N27/3275—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction
- G01N27/3277—Sensing specific biomolecules, e.g. nucleic acid strands, based on an electrode surface reaction being a redox reaction, e.g. detection by cyclic voltammetry
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/008—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions for determining co-enzymes or co-factors, e.g. NAD, ATP
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the redox of an electron carrier using an electrochemical method.
- An electron donor which is a reducer of an electron carrier, reduces an electron acceptor by donating an electron to the electron acceptor.
- the electron donor itself is oxidized to become an oxidant, the new target molecule (that is, the electron acceptor) cannot be reduced.
- the in vivo redox reaction since multiple types of substances function as electron donors and electron acceptors, even if the reducer of the electron carrier is oxidized by the transfer of electrons between these substances. There is a mechanism that is reduced again and returns to the reduced form. Since such a mechanism does not exist in the redox reaction in vitro, the oxidant is usually reduced by donating electrons from the electrode to the oxidant of the electron carrier using an electrochemical measuring device or the like.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a redox method for a target molecule and a target molecule redox apparatus capable of efficiently oxidizing or reducing the target molecule in the entire reaction system.
- the redox method for a target molecule is to put a liquid containing an inactive target molecule into a non-fluid state and to use an electron carrier fixed to an electrode connected to an external power source outside the liquid.
- a redox method for a target molecule and a target molecule redox apparatus capable of efficiently oxidizing or reducing the target molecule in the entire reaction system are provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the target molecule redox apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the voltage application unit according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the target molecule redox apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the target molecule redox apparatus according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing absorption spectra of the target molecular solution in the vicinity of the cathode electrode and the vicinity of the counter electrode (far from the cathode electrode) of Example 1.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 at 340 nm.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing absorption spectra of the target molecular solution in the vicinity of the cathode electrode and the vicinity of the counter electrode (far from the cathode electrode) of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing absorption spectra of the target molecular solution in the vicinity of the cathode electrode and the vicinity of the counter electrode (far from the cathode electrode) of Comparative Example 2.
- the oxidant is reduced by donating electrons to the oxidant of the electron carrier from the cathode electrode of the electrochemical measuring device.
- the oxidant it is difficult for the oxidant to receive electrons directly from the cathode electrode. Therefore, by fixing the electron donor to the cathode electrode, the electron donor donates the electrons received from the cathode electrode to the target molecule (that is, the electron acceptor).
- the target molecule indirectly receives an electron from the electrode and is reduced.
- the electron transfer reaction between the electron donor fixed to the cathode electrode and the target molecule is a very local reaction that occurs only around the cathode electrode, and many of the target molecules occur in the entire reaction system. Is not reduced (ie, low activation efficiency). Therefore, it is required to construct a reaction system having a high reduction efficiency of the target molecule in the entire reaction system.
- an object of the present disclosure is to provide a redox method for a target molecule and a target molecule redox apparatus capable of efficiently oxidizing or reducing the target molecule in the entire reaction system.
- One aspect of the present disclosure is as follows.
- the redox method for a target molecule is a method in which a liquid containing the target molecule is put into a non-fluid state, an electron carrier fixed to an electrode connected to an external power source outside the liquid, and the target molecule.
- the first step and the second step include a first step of oxidizing or reducing the target molecule and a second step of making the liquid in a fluid state by exchanging electrons between the two. Is repeated sequentially.
- the first step when the liquid is in a non-fluid state, an electron transfer reaction is performed between the electron carrier immobilized on the electrode and the target molecule, so that a stable reaction field is likely to be formed. Become. As a result, the activation efficiency of the target molecule is improved. Further, by making the liquid in a fluid state in the second step, the activated target molecule is diffused from the vicinity of the electrode, and other target molecules in the liquid are easily moved to the vicinity of the electrode. This allows more target molecules in the liquid to undergo an electron transfer reaction with the electron carrier, thus improving the efficiency of the electron transfer reaction between the target molecule and the electron carrier. Further, since the first step and the second step are sequentially and repeatedly executed, the target molecule can be continuously activated. Therefore, according to the redox method of the target molecule, the target molecule can be efficiently activated in the entire reaction system (that is, the liquid).
- the liquid in the second step, may be brought into a fluid state by stirring or shaking the liquid.
- the active target molecule is diffused from the vicinity of the electrode, and other target molecules in the liquid move to the vicinity of the electrode.
- the target molecule can be activated with high activity efficiency.
- the execution time of the first step may be longer than the execution time of the second step.
- the ratio of the execution time of the first step to the execution time of the second step may be 10 to 100: 1.
- the execution time of the first step is 30 minutes or more and 90 minutes or less
- the execution time of the second step is 1 minute or more and 2 minutes or less. good.
- the target molecule may be NADP +.
- NADPH can be obtained as an active target substance, so that redox molecules, redox enzymes, redox proteins, etc. involved in various redox reactions can be activated.
- the electrode may have a substrate containing gold.
- the electron carrier may be a 4,4'-bipyridinium derivative.
- the electron carrier may be 1-methyl-1'-hexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium.
- the electron carrier has a high affinity for the enzyme. Therefore, the electron carrier tends to interact not only with the coenzyme (NADP + ) involved in the redox reaction, but also with the enzyme, the protein, and the like. Further, by using 1-methyl-1'-hexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium as an electron carrier, fixing to the substrate becomes easy.
- the voltage application by the external power source may be performed in the first step.
- the target molecule is transferred by transferring electrons between the stirring unit that stirs the liquid containing the target molecule to make it in a fluid state and the target molecule.
- the control unit includes an electrode to which an electron transmitter reducing an active target molecule is fixed, a power source for applying a voltage to the electrode, and a control unit for controlling the power supply and the stirring unit. By repeating stirring and stopping of stirring by the stirring unit, the fluid state and the non-fluid state of the liquid are switched.
- the liquid when the liquid is in a non-fluid state, an electron transfer reaction is performed between the electron carrier immobilized on the electrode and the target molecule, so that a stable reaction field is easily formed. As a result, the activation efficiency of the target molecule is improved. Further, by controlling the liquid to be switched between the fluid state and the non-fluid state, the activated target molecule is diffused from the vicinity of the electrode, and other target molecules in the liquid are easily moved to the vicinity of the electrode. This allows more target molecules in the liquid to undergo an electron transfer reaction with the electron carrier, thus improving the efficiency of the electron transfer reaction between the target molecule and the electron carrier.
- the target molecule can be efficiently activated in the entire reaction system (that is, the liquid).
- the target molecule may be NADP +.
- NADPH can be obtained as an active target substance, so that redox molecules, redox enzymes, redox proteins, etc. involved in various redox reactions can be activated.
- the electrode may include a substrate containing gold.
- the electron carrier may be a 4,4'-bipyridinium derivative.
- the electron carrier may be 1-methyl-1'-hexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium.
- the electron carrier has a high affinity for the enzyme. Therefore, the electron carrier tends to interact not only with a coenzyme (for example, NADP + ) involved in a redox reaction, but also with an enzyme, a protein, and the like. Further, by using 1-methyl-1'-hexyl-4,4'-bipyridinium as an electron carrier, fixing to the substrate becomes easy.
- a coenzyme for example, NADP +
- a recording medium such as a system, method, device, integrated circuit, computer program or computer-readable CD-ROM, and the system, method, device, integrated. It may be realized by any combination of a circuit, a computer program and a recording medium.
- the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction which are orthogonal to each other, will be described as appropriate.
- the plus side in the Z-axis direction may be described as the upper side, and the minus side may be described as the lower side.
- the broken line represents the boundary between the object and the area that cannot be seen from the surface.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of the target molecule redox device 100 in the embodiment.
- the target molecule redox apparatus 100 applies a voltage to the electrode in a non-fluid state of the liquid containing the target molecule, so that electrons can be transferred between the electron carrier immobilized on the electrode and the target molecule. Oxidizes or reduces the target molecule. Then, by switching the liquid from the non-fluid state to the fluid state, the active target molecule is diffused into the liquid. By repeating the switching of the flow state of the liquid in this way, the target molecule can be efficiently activated in the entire liquid.
- the liquid when the liquid is in a non-fluid state, for example, the liquid is not agitated or shaken (that is, it is not subjected to an external force such as shearing force or vibration), and movement such as fluctuation on the liquid surface is caused. A state that cannot be seen.
- the target molecule redox apparatus 100 oxidizes or reduces the target molecule by exchanging electrons between the stirring unit 40 that stirs the liquid containing the target molecule to make it in a fluid state and the target molecule. It includes an electrode (cathode electrode 1) to which an electron transmitter is fixed, a power supply 20 that applies a voltage to the electrodes, and a control unit 30 that controls the power supply 20 and the stirring unit 40.
- the electrode to which the electron carrier is fixed (hereinafter referred to as the cathode electrode 1) is one configuration of the voltage application unit 10.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the voltage application unit 10 according to the embodiment.
- the voltage application unit 10 transfers electrons to and from the target molecule via an electron carrier fixed to the electrode (cathode electrode 1). In this way, the target molecule is oxidized or reduced by the transfer of electrons between the electron carrier and the target molecule.
- the voltage application unit 10 includes, for example, a cathode electrode 1 (also referred to as a working electrode), a reference electrode 2, a counter electrode 3, a cell 4, a lid 5, terminals 6a, 6b, 6c, and leads 7a, 7b, 7c. It is an electrode type cell.
- the voltage application unit 10 may be, for example, a two-electrode cell provided with a working electrode (cathode electrode 1) and a counter electrode 3.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III of FIG.
- the cathode electrode 1 includes a glass substrate 11, a titanium-deposited layer 12 deposited on the glass substrate 11, a cathode substrate 13 formed on the titanium-deposited layer 12, and an electron carrier fixed to the cathode substrate 13. It has a layer 14.
- the cathode electrode 1 fixes a low molecular weight compound or an enzyme capable of activating an inactivated target molecule (so-called inactive target molecule) on the cathode substrate 13 as an electron carrier (also referred to as an electron mediator). can get.
- a conductive substrate made of a conductive material may be used as the cathode substrate 13.
- the conductive material may be, for example, a carbon material, a conductive polymer material, a semiconductor, a metal, or the like.
- the carbon material may be carbon nanotube, Ketjen black, glassy carbon, graphene, fullerene, carbon fiber, carbon fabric, carbon aerogel, or the like.
- the conductive polymer material polyaniline, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly (p-phenylene vinylene), polythiophene, poly (p-phenylene sulfide) and the like can be used.
- the semiconductor may be silicone, germanium, indium tin oxide (ITO: Indium Tin Oxide), titanium oxide, copper oxide, silver oxide or the like.
- the metal may be gold, platinum, silver, titanium, aluminum, tungsten, copper, iron, palladium or the like.
- the conductive substance is not particularly limited as long as the conductive substance is not decomposed by its own oxidation reaction.
- the thickness of the cathode substrate 13 is not particularly limited.
- the electron carrier fixed to the cathode substrate 13 is particularly limited as long as it is a substance that enables electron transfer between the target molecule in the sample solution (also referred to as a liquid) and the cathode substrate 13 (the above-mentioned conductive substrate). Not done.
- the electron carrier include a viologen compound, a bipyridine salt derivative, a quinone, an indophenol, and the like.
- the viologen compound is a trivial name for N, N'-disubstituted -4,4'-bipyridinium in which a substituent is introduced into two pyridine ring nitrogen atoms of 4,4'-bipyridine.
- the bipyridinium salt derivative may have two chloride ions or bromide ions as counter ions.
- the viologen compound is, for example, a 4,4'-bipyridinium derivative, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (methylviologen), 1-methyl-1'-carboxymethyl-4,4'-bipyridinium.
- the reference electrode 2 is an electrode that does not react with the components in the sample solution 9 and maintains a constant potential, and is used to control the potential difference between the cathode electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 to be constant by the power supply 20. ..
- the reference electrode 2 is a silver / silver chloride electrode.
- the counter electrode 3 is, for example, a platinum electrode.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG.
- the cathode electrode 1, the reference electrode 2, and the counter electrode 3 are arranged in the cylindrical cell 4 so as to surround the vertical center of the cell 4.
- a stirrer 8 is arranged at the bottom of the cell 4.
- the reaction layer containing the electron carrier fixed to the cathode electrode 1 is arranged so as to face the center of the vertical axis of the cell.
- a stirrer 8 driven by controlling the flowing state and the non-flowing state of the sample solution for improving the reaction efficiency is provided, and the surface area of the cathode electrode 1 (working electrode) is sufficiently larger than that of the anode electrode (counting electrode 3). It may be large.
- Cell 4 is a holding unit that holds the sample solution 9 in which the inactive target molecule is present.
- a stirrer 8 for stirring the sample solution 9 is arranged in the cell 4. 1 and 2 show an example in which the cell 4 has a cylindrical shape, but the shape of the cell 4 is not limited to this. The stirrer 8 will be described later.
- the inactive target molecule is, for example, NADP + .
- the inactive target molecule may be NAD + or an inactive ferredoxin.
- the lid portion 5 has terminals 6a, 6b, and 6c for electrically connecting the cathode electrode 1, the reference electrode 2, and the counter electrode 3 to the power supply 20, respectively.
- Leads extend from each terminal, connecting the terminal to the battery.
- the lead of the reference pole 2 is not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lead extends from the terminal 6b toward the reference pole 2, and the reference pole 2 is connected to the terminal 6b via the lead (not shown). It is connected.
- the cathode electrode 1 is connected to the terminal 6a via the lead 7a
- the counter electrode 3 is connected to the terminal 6c via the lead 7c.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the functional configuration of the target molecule redox device 100 according to the embodiment.
- the power supply 20 applies a voltage to the electrode (cathode electrode 1). More specifically, the power supply 20 applies a voltage between the cathode electrode 1 and the counter electrode 3 of the voltage application unit 10 according to the control signal output from the control unit 30, and the cathode electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 are connected to each other. The potential between them is controlled to a predetermined value.
- the power supply 20 includes, for example, an acquisition unit 21, an information processing unit 22, a voltage control unit 23, and an output unit 24.
- the acquisition unit 21 acquires the control signal output from the control unit 30, and outputs the acquired control signal to the information processing unit 22. Further, the acquisition unit 21 may acquire data such as the potential of each electrode in the voltage application unit 10 and the current value flowing through the sample solution 9. In this case, the output unit 24 outputs the data acquired by the acquisition unit 21 to the control unit 30. The processing of the data in the control unit 30 will be described later.
- the information processing unit 22 processes the information acquired by the acquisition unit 21. For example, when the information processing unit 22 acquires a control signal from the acquisition unit 21, the information processing unit 22 outputs the acquired control signal to the voltage control unit 23.
- the voltage control unit 23 starts applying a voltage to each electrode of the voltage application unit 10
- the information processing unit 22 transfers the potential of each electrode in the voltage application unit 10 acquired from the acquisition unit 21 and the current flowing through the sample solution 9. Data such as a value is acquired, and the voltage applied to the cathode electrode 1 is derived based on the acquired data. Then, the information processing unit 22 outputs a control signal for controlling the voltage of the cathode electrode 1 with the derived voltage to the voltage control unit 23.
- the voltage control unit 23 applies a voltage to each electrode of the voltage application unit 10 based on the control signal output from the information processing unit 22.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the power supply 20 and the control unit 30 are separate bodies
- the power supply 20 may include the control unit 30.
- the stirring unit 40 stirs the liquid containing the inactive target molecule (here, the sample solution 9) into a fluid state. More specifically, the stirring unit 40 controls the operation of the motor 43 according to the control signal output from the control unit 30, so that the rotation speed and rotation of the stirring element 8 set in the voltage applying unit 10 Control the time.
- the stirring unit 40 includes, for example, an acquisition unit 41, a stirring control unit 42, and a motor 43.
- the acquisition unit 41 acquires the control signal output from the control unit 30, and outputs the acquired control signal to the stirring control unit 42.
- the stirring control unit 42 processes the information acquired by the acquisition unit 41. For example, when the stirring control unit 42 acquires a control signal from the acquisition unit 41, the stirring control unit 42 derives the control conditions of the motor 43 based on the acquired control signal and controls the operation of the motor 43. Specifically, the stirring control unit 42 controls the movement of the stirrer 8 (that is, the rotation speed and the rotation time) by controlling the rotation speed, the rotation time, and the like of the motor 43.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the stirring unit 40 is separate from the voltage applying unit 10, it may be integrated with the voltage applying unit 10.
- the stirring unit 40 may be arranged in, for example, the lid portion 5 of the voltage applying unit 10, and the stirring element 8 may be, for example, a stirring blade detachable from the lid portion 5.
- the control unit 30 performs information processing for applying a voltage of the power supply 20 and controlling the movement of the motor 43 of the stirring unit 40.
- the control unit 30 is realized by, for example, a processor, a microcomputer, or a dedicated circuit.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the control unit 30 is a computer device.
- the control unit 30 includes, for example, an acquisition unit 31, an information processing unit 32, a storage unit 33, and an output unit 34.
- the acquisition unit 31 acquires, for example, information regarding instructions input by the user (hereinafter referred to as instruction information), potential of each electrode in the voltage application unit 10, and data such as a current value flowing through the sample solution 9.
- instruction information information regarding instructions input by the user
- potential of each electrode in the voltage application unit 10 potential of each electrode in the voltage application unit 10
- data such as a current value flowing through the sample solution 9.
- the acquired instruction information and data are output to the information processing unit 32.
- the information processing unit 32 has, for example, a condition for applying a voltage to each electrode of the voltage application unit 10 (also referred to as a voltage application condition) based on the instruction information acquired by the acquisition unit 31, and a flow state of the sample solution 9. Derivation of liquid flow conditions such as switching and flow rate.
- the instruction information may be, for example, the type of target molecule, the amount of the sample solution 9, the completion time of the treatment, or the completion time.
- the information processing unit 32 derives the reduction rate of the target molecule in the sample solution based on the data acquired by the acquisition unit 31, for example, and the voltage application condition and the liquid flow condition are obtained according to the derived reduction rate. May be changed.
- the information processing unit 32 may change the voltage application time among the voltage application conditions derived based on the instruction information, or may change the voltage applied to each electrode. Further, for example, the information processing unit 32 may change the timing of switching the flow state of the sample solution among the liquid flow conditions derived based on the instruction information, or may change the flow rate.
- control unit 30 can re-derive (that is, change) the voltage application conditions and the liquid flow conditions derived based on the instruction information according to the reduction state (reduction rate) of the target molecule. , The target molecule in the sample solution can be reduced more efficiently.
- the information processing unit 32 may derive a control signal for controlling the voltage application of the power supply 20 under the voltage application condition, and may derive a control signal for controlling the operation of the motor 43 under the liquid flow condition.
- the voltage application condition and the liquid flow condition may be derived based on the instruction information or data acquired by the acquisition unit 31, or may be preset by the user.
- the information processing unit 32 outputs these control signals to the output unit 34.
- the output unit 34 acquires the control signal derived from the information processing unit 32 and outputs it to the power supply 20 and the stirring unit 40.
- the storage unit 33 stores the data acquired by the acquisition unit 31, the computer program executed by the control unit 30, (for example, an application program for controlling the power supply 20), and the like.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of the operation of the target molecule redox device 100 according to the embodiment.
- the preparation step may be performed by the user.
- the sample solution 9 is prepared.
- the user introduces the sample solution 9 containing the inactive target molecule into the cell 4 of the voltage application unit 10.
- the electrodes are a cathode electrode 1, a reference electrode 2, and a counter electrode 3.
- the cathode electrode 1 is connected to the lead 7a extending from the terminal 6a arranged on the lid 5
- the reference electrode 2 is connected to the lead 7b extending from the terminal 6b arranged on the lid 5
- the counter electrode 3 is connected to the lead 7b. It is connected to a lead 7c extending from a terminal 6c arranged on the lid portion 5.
- the user inputs information regarding instructions such as the type of the target molecule, the amount of the sample solution, the completion time of the treatment, and the completion time into the target molecule redox apparatus 100a.
- the target molecule redox apparatus 100 may introduce the sample solution 9 into the cell 4. That is, although the above-mentioned preparation step has been described as an example performed by the user, it may be executed by the target molecule redox device 100.
- the target molecule redox device 100 may further include an introduction unit (not shown), a recovery unit (not shown), an introduction port (not shown), and a discharge port (not shown). ..
- the introduction unit may introduce the sample solution 9 containing the inactive target molecule into the cell 4 from the introduction port provided in the cell 4.
- the recovery unit may reduce the inactive target molecule and recover the sample solution 9 containing the active target molecule from the discharge port provided in the cell 4 to the outside of the cell 4.
- the control unit 30 sets a condition for applying a voltage to each electrode of the voltage application unit 10 and a liquid flow condition (step S101).
- the control unit 30 derives the voltage application condition and the liquid flow condition based on the input instruction information.
- the control unit 30 outputs a control signal for controlling the voltage application of the power supply 20 to the power supply 20 under the derived voltage application condition.
- the control unit 30 outputs a control signal for controlling the operation of the stirring unit 40 under the derived liquid flow condition to the stirring unit 40.
- the user selects a program number associated with the set of the voltage application condition and the liquid flow condition, so that the control unit 30 acquires the program number and sets the voltage application condition and the liquid flow condition. It may be set.
- step S102 when the power supply 20 and the stirring unit 40 acquire the control signal output from the control unit 30, they start applying voltage to the electrodes and controlling the motor 43, respectively, according to the control signal (step S102).
- the control unit 20 starts applying a voltage, and the stirring unit 40 controls to stop the motor 43 (that is, puts the sample solution 9 in a non-fluid state) (step S103).
- step S103 for example, the power supply 20 applies a voltage between the cathode electrode 1 and the counter electrode 3 of the voltage application unit 10 to control the potential between the cathode electrode 1 and the reference electrode 2 to a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value may be determined depending on the combination of electron carrier and target molecule used.
- the stirring unit 40 does not operate the motor 43, or rotates the motor 43 at a speed that does not cause fluctuations in the liquid level.
- the inactive target molecule in the sample solution 9 becomes an active target molecule by receiving electrons via the electron carrier fixed to the cathode electrode 1 while the sample solution 9 is in a non-fluid state. Be reduced.
- This step is also referred to as a first step.
- the stirring unit 40 controls to rotate the motor 43 at a predetermined rotation speed, and the sample solution 9 is stirred by the stirrer 8 (step S104).
- the target molecule (active target molecule) activated in step S103 is diffused into the sample solution 9, and the inactive target molecule in the sample solution 9 moves in the vicinity of the cathode electrode 1.
- the stirring unit 40 switches between stirring and stopping stirring based on the liquid flow conditions, and switches the sample solution 9 from the non-fluid state to the fluid state.
- the stirring unit 40 controls the rotational operation of the motor 43, and controls the rotational speed and time of the stirrer 8.
- the power supply 20 may be controlled to stop the voltage application or may be controlled to continue the voltage application.
- the power supply 20 and the stirring unit 40 sequentially repeat the processes of steps S103 and S104 (not shown).
- the execution time of step S103 may be longer than the execution time of step S104, and their ratio may be 10 to 100: 1. More specifically, the execution time of step S103 is 30 minutes or more and 90 minutes or less, and the execution time of step S104 is 1 minute or more and 2 minutes or less.
- step S103 more inactive target molecules are reduced to active target molecules, and active target molecules in the vicinity of the cathode electrode 1 are diffused into the sample solution 9 by stirring, and newly. Inactive target molecules move to the vicinity of the cathode electrode 1.
- the activation efficiency that is, reduction efficiency
- control unit 30 determines whether or not the processing under the set conditions is completed (step S105).
- the set conditions are, for example, the period (time) of voltage application, the number of times of voltage application (for example, pulse voltage), or the number of times of switching the flow state of the sample solution 9.
- the control unit 30 determines that the processing of the set conditions has not been completed (No in step S105)
- the control unit 30 continues to apply the voltage to the power supply 20 and operates the stirring unit 40 based on the liquid flow conditions (simply). , Also referred to as operation) (step S106).
- steps S103 and S104 are repeated until the next determination (step S105) is performed.
- control unit 30 determines that the processing under the set conditions is completed (Yes in step S105)
- the control unit 30 ends the voltage application to the power supply 20 and causes the stirring unit 40 to stop the operation (step S107).
- oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (hereinafter, also simply referred to as the target molecule).
- Example 1 preparation of target molecular solution
- the target molecular solution was prepared by dissolving NADP + in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) having a pH of 7.4 to 1.0 mmol / liter.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- Titanium and gold were vapor-deposited on a glass substrate in this order to prepare a gold substrate.
- 4-mercaptopyridine was modified on the prepared gold substrate to prepare a 4-mercaptopyridine-modified gold substrate.
- 1-methyl-1'hexyl-4,4'bipyridinium was immobilized on a 4-mercaptopyridine monolayer on the surface of the gold substrate to obtain a cathode electrode 1.
- 1-methyl-1'hexyl-4,4'bipyridinium is an electron carrier that donates electrons to NADP + and reduces it to NADPH (in other words, reactivates NADP +).
- a target molecular solution (1.0 mM NADP + -PBS solution) was introduced into cell 4 of the voltage application unit 10 shown in FIG. 1, and an electrode was set.
- the electrode a three-electrode system electrode was used in which the produced cathode electrode 1 was used as a working electrode, a Pt (platinum) electrode was used as a counter electrode, and an Ag / AgCl (silver / silver chloride) electrode was used as a reference electrode.
- a stirrer was placed in the target molecular solution, and a voltage was applied to the target molecular solution while rotating the stirrer at a predetermined rotation speed (rpm).
- the non-fluid state and the fluid state of the target molecular solution are controlled by controlling the movement of the stirrer by two types of rotation control, rotation stop and rotation, while applying a predetermined voltage to the target molecular solution. I switched. This adjusted the switching between the non-fluid state and the fluid state of the target molecular solution.
- the time for applying the voltage to the target molecular solution in the non-flowing state was sufficiently longer than the time for applying the voltage in the flowing state. While repeating these two types of control in sequence, a predetermined voltage was continuously applied to the target molecular solution.
- the target molecular solution was sampled from around the working electrode (cathode electrode), around the counter electrode, and around the reference electrode, respectively. Then, the absorbance of the sampled target molecular solution in the wavelength range including 340 nm (hereinafter, simply referred to as absorbance) was measured. The measurement was performed using a 1 mm cell. 340 nm is an absorption wavelength peculiar to NADPH.
- FIG. 7 shows the measurement results of the absorbance of the target molecular solution sampled around the working electrode (cathode electrode) and the absorbance of the target molecular solution sampled around the counter electrode located farthest from the working electrode.
- an absorption peak was observed at 340 nm in both the target molecular solution around the working electrode (near the cathode electrode in the figure) and the target molecular solution around the counter electrode (far from the cathode electrode in the figure).
- the absorbance of the target molecular solution was 0.08 around the working electrode and 0.07 around the counter electrode farthest from the working electrode.
- NADP + which is a target molecule
- the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution As the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution, the average value of the absorbance of the target molecular solution around the triode at 340 nm was calculated. The calculation result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, in Example 1, the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution after applying the voltage was 0.072.
- Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the stirrer was constantly rotated (that is, the target molecular solution was always in a flowing state).
- FIG. 9 shows the measurement results of the absorbance of the target molecular solution sampled around the working electrode (cathode electrode) and the absorbance of the target molecular solution sampled around the counter electrode located farthest from the working electrode.
- the target molecular solution around the working electrode near the cathode electrode in the figure
- the target molecular solution around the counter electrode far from the cathode electrode in the figure
- the average value of the absorbance of the target molecular solution around the three poles was calculated as the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution.
- the calculation result is shown in FIG.
- the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution after applying the voltage was 0.056.
- Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the stirrer was not rotated.
- FIG. 10 shows the measurement results of the absorbance of the target molecular solution sampled around the working electrode (cathode electrode) and the absorbance of the target molecular solution sampled around the counter electrode located farthest from the working electrode.
- the target molecular solution around the working electrode near the cathode electrode in the figure
- the target molecular solution around the counter electrode far from the cathode electrode in the figure
- No absorption peak was seen.
- NADP + which is a target molecule
- NADPH which is an active form
- the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution As the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution, the average value of the absorbance of the target molecular solution around the triode at 340 nm was calculated. The calculation result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, in Comparative Example 2, the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution after applying the voltage was 0.063.
- Comparative Example 2 the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution was higher than that in Comparative Example 1.
- the target molecule NADP +
- the target molecule undergoes an electron transfer reaction. Can stay around the working pole for the required time. Therefore, it is considered that the electron transfer efficiency from the electron carrier fixed to the working electrode to the target molecule has increased.
- the absorbance was similar to that of Comparative Example 1 around the counter electrode away from the working electrode, it was found that the electron transfer reaction was performed only around the working electrode. Therefore, it is considered that some stirring is necessary to improve the reaction efficiency.
- Example 1 the absorbance of the entire target molecular solution at 340 nm was the highest.
- two types of control of stopping and rotating the rotation speed of the stirrer were alternately repeated at predetermined time intervals (stop time> rotation time). Therefore, while the stirrer is in a stopped state (that is, the target molecule solution is in a non-fluid state), the electron transfer body at the working electrode and the target molecule undergo an electron transfer reaction, and the stirrer is rotating (that is, the target molecule). During the fluid state of the solution), it is believed that the target molecule activated around the working electrode is diffused throughout the target molecule solution. From this, it was found that the electron transfer reaction between the electron carrier and the target molecule was efficiently performed in the entire target molecule solution.
- the activation efficiency of the target molecule is improved by making the time during which the target molecule solution is applied in the non-fluid state longer than the time during which the target molecule solution is in the fluid state.
- the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments. As long as the gist of the present disclosure is not deviated, various modifications that can be conceived by those skilled in the art are applied to the embodiment, and other embodiments constructed by combining some components in the embodiment are also within the scope of the present disclosure. included.
- the electron carrier since the electron carrier can be repeatedly activated, it can be widely used in all fields in which the electron transfer reaction by the electron carrier is used.
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Abstract
Description
上述のように、従来技術においては、電気化学測定装置のカソード電極から、電子伝達体の酸化体に電子を供与することにより酸化体を還元する。しかしながら、酸化体がカソード電極から直接電子を受容することは難しい。そのため、電子供与体をカソード電極に固定することにより、電子供与体は、カソード電極から受容した電子を標的分子(つまり、電子受容体)に供与する。これにより、標的分子は、電極から間接的に電子を受容して還元される。
本開示の一態様は、以下の通りである。
以下、実施の形態について、図1から図5を参照しながら具体的に説明する。
[1.概要]
まず、図1を参照しながら、実施の形態における標的分子酸化還元装置の概要について説明する。図1は、実施の形態における標的分子酸化還元装置100の構成の一例を示す図である。
続いて、実施の形態に係る標的分子酸化還元装置100の構成について図1から図3を参照しながら説明する。
まず、電圧印加部10について図2を参照しながら説明する。図2は、実施の形態における電圧印加部10の斜視図である。電圧印加部10は、電極(カソード電極1)に固定された電子伝達体を介して標的分子と電子の授受を行う。このように、電子伝達体と標的分子との間で電子授受が行われることにより、標的分子が酸化又は還元される。
続いて、図5を参照しながら、電源20について説明する。図5は、実施の形態に係る標的分子酸化還元装置100の機能構成の一例を示す図である。
撹拌部40は、不活性型の標的分子を含む液体(ここでは、試料溶液9)を撹拌して流動状態にする。より具体的には、撹拌部40は、制御部30から出力された制御信号に従って、モータ43の動作を制御することにより、電圧印加部10の中にセットされた撹拌子8の回転速度及び回転時間を制御する。
制御部30は、電源20の電圧印加及び撹拌部40のモータ43の動きを制御するための情報処理を行う。制御部30は、例えば、プロセッサ、マイクロコンピュータ、又は、専用回路によって実現される。図1では、制御部30は、コンピュータ装置である例を示している。
続いて、実施の形態に係る標的分子酸化還元装置100の動作について図1から図5と併せて図6を参照しながら具体的に説明する。図6は、実施の形態に係る標的分子酸化還元装置100の動作の一例を示すフローチャートである。
(標的分子溶液の調製)
標的分子溶液は、NADP+をpH7.4のリン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)に溶解して1.0ミリモル/リットルに調製した。
ガラス基板に、チタンと金とをこの順に蒸着して金基板を作製した。次いで、作製された金基板上に4-メルカプトピリジンを修飾して4-メルカプトピリジン修飾金基板を作製した。次いで、金基板表面の4-メルカプトピリジン単分子膜上に1-メチル-1’ヘキシル-4,4’ビピリジニウムを固定してカソード電極1を得た。なお、1-メチル-1’ヘキシル-4,4’ビピリジニウムは、NADP+に電子を供与してNADPHに還元する(言い換えると、NADP+を再活性化する)電子伝達体である。
図1に示される電圧印加部10のセル4に、標的分子溶液(1.0mM NADP+-PBS溶液)を導入し、電極をセットした。電極は、作製されたカソード電極1を作用極とし、Pt(白金)電極を対極とし、Ag/AgCl(銀/塩化銀)電極を参照極とした三電極系の電極を用いた。次いで、標的分子溶液に撹拌子を入れ、撹拌子を所定の回転速度(rpm)で回転させながら標的分子溶液に電圧を印加した。具体的には、標的分子溶液に所定の電圧を印加しながら、回転の停止及び回転の2種類の回転制御で撹拌子の動きを制御することにより、標的分子溶液の非流動状態及び流動状態を切り替えた。これにより、標的分子溶液の非流動状態及び流動状態の切り替えを調整した。非流動状態で標的分子溶液に電圧を印加する時間は、流動状態で電圧を印加する時間よりも十分長い時間であった。この2種類の制御を順次繰り返しながら、標的分子溶液に所定の電圧を印加し続けた。
標的分子溶液への電圧印加が終了した後、作用極(カソード電極)周り、対極周り、及び、参照極周りから、それぞれ、標的分子溶液をサンプリングした。そして、サンプリングした標的分子溶液の340nmを含む波長域の吸光度(以下、単に、吸光度という)を測定した。測定は、1mmセルを用いて行った。340nmは、NADPH特有の吸収波長である。
比較例1は、撹拌子を常に回転させる(つまり、標的分子溶液が常に流動状態)こと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で行った。
比較例2は、撹拌子を回転させないこと以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で行った。
図8に示されるように、比較例1は、標的分子溶液全体の吸光度が実施例1及び比較例2よりも低かった。比較例1のように、撹拌子を回転させて標的分子溶液を撹拌しながら(つまり、標的分子溶液が流動状態)標的分子溶液に電圧を印加すると、標的分子であるNADP+が電子の授受反応に必要な時間、作用極(カソード電極)周りに留まることができない。そのため、作用極に固定された電子伝達体と標的分子との電子授受反応が起こりにくく、電子伝達体から標的分子への電子供与効率が悪くなったと考えられる。
2 参照極
3 対極
4 セル
5 蓋部
6a、6b、6c 端子
7a、7b、7c リード
8 撹拌子
9 試料溶液
10 電圧印加部
11 ガラス基板
12 チタン蒸着層
13 カソード基板
14 反応層
20 電源
21 取得部
22 情報処理部
23 電圧制御部
24 出力部
30 制御部
31 取得部
32 情報処理部
33 記憶部
34 出力部
40 撹拌部
41 取得部
42 撹拌制御部
43 モータ
100 標的分子酸化還元装置
Claims (15)
- 標的分子を含む液体を非流動状態にして、前記液体外の外部電源に接続された電極に固定された電子伝達体と、前記標的分子との間で電子授受を行わせることにより、前記標的分子を酸化又は還元する第1工程と、
前記液体を流動状態にする第2工程と、
を含み、
前記第1工程と前記第2工程とを順次繰り返して実行する、
標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記第2工程では、前記液体を撹拌又は振盪することにより前記液体を流動状態にする、
請求項1に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記第1工程の実行時間は、前記第2工程の実行時間よりも長い、
請求項1又は2に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記第1工程の実行時間と前記第2工程の実行時間の比は、10~100:1である、
請求項3に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記第1工程の実行時間は30分以上90分以下であり、
前記第2工程の実行時間は1分以上2分以下である、
請求項4に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記標的分子は、NADP+である、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記電極は、金を含む基板を有する、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記電子伝達体は、4,4’-ビピリジニウム誘導体である、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記電子伝達体は、1-メチル-1’-ヘキシル-4,4’-ビピリジニウムである、
請求項8に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 前記外部電源による電圧印加は、前記第1工程において行われる、
請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の標的分子の酸化還元方法。 - 標的分子を含む液体を撹拌して流動状態にする撹拌部と、
前記標的分子との間で電子授受を行うことにより前記標的分子を酸化又は還元する電子伝達体が固定された電極と、
前記電極に電圧を印加する電源と、
前記電源及び前記撹拌部を制御する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、前記撹拌部による撹拌及び撹拌の停止を繰り返させることで、前記液体の流動状態及び非流動状態を切り替える、
標的分子酸化還元装置。 - 前記標的分子は、NADP+である、
請求項11に記載の標的分子酸化還元装置。 - 前記電極は、金を含む基板を有する、
請求項11又は12に記載の標的分子酸化還元装置。 - 前記電子伝達体は、4,4’-ビピリジニウム誘導体である、
請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の標的分子酸化還元装置。 - 前記電子伝達体は、1-メチル-1’-ヘキシル-4,4’-ビピリジニウムである、
請求項14に記載の標的分子酸化還元装置。
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