WO2021254465A1 - 适用特高压换流站的灭火系统、灭火方法及特高压换流站 - Google Patents

适用特高压换流站的灭火系统、灭火方法及特高压换流站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021254465A1
WO2021254465A1 PCT/CN2021/100778 CN2021100778W WO2021254465A1 WO 2021254465 A1 WO2021254465 A1 WO 2021254465A1 CN 2021100778 W CN2021100778 W CN 2021100778W WO 2021254465 A1 WO2021254465 A1 WO 2021254465A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
fire extinguishing
converter
extinguishing
extinguishing medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2021/100778
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张佳庆
黄玉彪
黄勇
程登峰
王刘芳
宋胜利
李金忠
周亦夫
杨鹏程
田宇
柯艳国
罗沙
谢佳
范明豪
李伟
过羿
尚峰举
刘睿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Original Assignee
Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202010573965.5A external-priority patent/CN111790080A/zh
Application filed by Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd, State Grid Corp of China SGCC filed Critical Electric Power Research Institute of State Grid Anhui Electric Power Co Ltd
Priority to JP2022511393A priority Critical patent/JP7245597B2/ja
Publication of WO2021254465A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021254465A1/zh
Priority to US17/567,097 priority patent/US12434085B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to US19/328,105 priority patent/US20260007912A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58—Pipe-line systems
    • A62C35/68—Details, e.g. of pipes or valve systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/04—Control of fire-fighting equipment with electrically-controlled release
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/03—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing adjustable, e.g. from spray to jet or vice versa

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of UHV, and more specifically to a fire extinguishing system, a fire extinguishing method and an UHV converter station suitable for UHV converter stations.
  • UHV DC transmission is one of the most advanced power transmission technologies in the world. my country has become the world's largest HVDC power transmission country and leads the development of UHV DC transmission technology. On January 11, 2016, the Zhundong-South Anhui (Changji, Xinjiang-Xuancheng, Anhui) ⁇ 1100kV UHV DC transmission project started construction. This is the UHV power transmission project with the highest voltage level, the largest transmission capacity, the longest transmission distance, and the most advanced technology in the world.
  • the UHV converter station is an important part of the power grid. It undertakes the task of power transmission across the country and guarantees the normal and stable operation of the UHV converter station, which is of great significance to the production, life and social stability of the society.
  • the converter transformer in the UHV converter station is a kind of large oil-containing equipment, and a single piece of equipment contains approximately 200 tons of transformer oil. Once a converter transformer fires, it is often accompanied by explosions and deflagrations. If the fire of a single transformer cannot be effectively controlled in time, it may cause serious damage to multiple converter transformers of a single valve group and the precision equipment in adjacent valve halls. The economic loss and social impact caused are incalculable.
  • the domestic fire extinguishing technologies used to extinguish transformer fires mainly include water mist system, fixed water spray system, SD type foam sprinkler fire extinguishing system, oil discharge and nitrogen injection fire extinguishing system, high pressure CO 2 full submerged fire extinguishing system.
  • researchers Related researches have been carried out on the characteristics and applicability of various fire extinguishing technologies, and the advantages and disadvantages of various fire extinguishing methods have been compared and analyzed; foreign countries mainly use fully automatic compressed air Class A foam fire extinguishing systems (CAFS).
  • CAFS fully automatic compressed air Class A foam fire extinguishing systems
  • the fire extinguishing system installed in the converter station is difficult to completely cover the special fire behavior of the converter transformer.
  • the fire extinguishing system in the converter transformer area of the converter station has the following problems: 1 All the current fire extinguishing systems in the converter transformer area of the converter station in operation are water sprinkler fire extinguishing systems or foam spray fire extinguishing systems.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to realize that the fire extinguishing system of the UHV converter station completely covers all the fire characteristic behaviors of the UHV converter.
  • the fire extinguishing system applicable to the UHV converter station includes at least one set of sprinkler fire extinguishing system and at least one set of fire monitor fire extinguishing system
  • each of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system includes a first A fire-fighting pipeline and sprinkler pipe
  • each set of fire monitor fire extinguishing system includes a second fire-fighting pipeline and a fire monitor
  • at least one fire monitor is arranged directly above the firewall on both sides of each converter transformer in the UHV converter station
  • Each fire monitor is connected to a second fire fighting pipeline
  • at least one sprinkler pipe is provided on the firewall on both sides of each converter transformer
  • each sprinkler pipe is connected to a first fire fighting pipeline.
  • the fire monitor at the position of the converter transformer and the outlet of the sprinkler pipe of the first fire fighting pipeline are all facing the converter transformer.
  • the sprinkler fire extinguishing system and the fire monitor fire extinguishing system are activated at the same time.
  • the low end of the rheology and the surrounding area can achieve full coverage fire extinguishing.
  • the pipes of the fire monitor fire extinguishing system are arranged at the high end of the converter to extinguish the fire by the fire monitor, which can suppress and extinguish the key parts of the converter. Both sets of fire extinguishing systems act on the fire.
  • the converter transformer completely covers all the fire characteristic behaviors of the UHV converter transformer, solves the deficiencies and defects of the existing design of the fire extinguishing system, and realizes efficient and reliable fire extinguishing.
  • the fire extinguishing system further includes a first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem, a second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem, and a control module, which are respectively connected to the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem ,
  • the outlet of the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem is connected to the entrances of all the first fire fighting pipelines and all the second fire fighting pipelines
  • the outlet of the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem is connected to the entrances of all the first fire fighting pipelines and all the inlets of the first fire fighting pipeline.
  • the entrance of the second fire pipe is connected.
  • the UHV converter station includes several groups of single-valve converter transformers arranged in parallel with each other, and each single-valve converter converter includes several converter transformers arranged at equal intervals. The space is separated by a firewall.
  • a valve hall is arranged parallel to the rear side of each single-valve group converter transformer.
  • the single-valve group converter transformer and the corresponding valve hall constitute a pole, two poles in one group, each group of poles Including high-end valve group and low-end valve group, the two poles in the same group of poles are arranged in mirror symmetry, the low-end valve group between adjacent groups of poles are arranged back to back, and the valve hall side casing of each converter transformer is extended Into its corresponding valve hall.
  • all single-valve group converter transformers close to the first extinguishing medium generation subsystem and the end of the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem are equipped with a first zone selector valve and a second zone selector valve.
  • the first partition selector valve of the converter transformer of the single valve group is connected; the fire monitors are installed on the eaves of each valve hall facing the firewall, and each fire monitor is connected to a second partition selector valve through the second fire fighting pipeline.
  • All the first partition selection valves and all the second partition selection valves are connected to the outlet of the first extinguishing medium generation subsystem through the first bubble supply pipeline; all the first partition selection valves and all the second partition selection valves pass the second The bubble supply pipeline is connected with the outlet of the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem.
  • the spray pipe is an anti-explosion spray pipe.
  • each converter transformer is provided with a casing pipe and a casing raising seat.
  • the spray pipe is a cross-shaped pipe composed of a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe.
  • the vertical pipe, the raising seat and the casing pipe are both Relative to the ground, the horizontal pipe is connected to the first fire-fighting pipe on the side of the firewall, and the horizontal pipe has several outlets.
  • a noise reduction plate is arranged around the converter transformer, the noise reduction plate and the converter transformer are integrally located between the two firewalls, and the casing and the casing riser pass through the noise reduction plate and are located directly above the middle of the converter transformer.
  • the first fire-fighting pipe located on the firewall passes through the noise reduction plate and communicates with the horizontal pipe, and several outlets of the horizontal pipe are facing the converter transformer, and the vertical pipe passes through the noise reduction plate and is parallel to the casing and the casing rises.
  • first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem are arranged far away from the area where the converter transformer is located.
  • first extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem are both compressed air foam generating subsystems, and the extinguishing media output by the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem are both It is compressed air foam.
  • the present invention also provides a fire extinguishing method suitable for UHV converter stations, and the method includes:
  • the sprinkler system and the fire monitor fire extinguishing system are activated at the same time.
  • the outlet of the first fire-fighting pipe of the sprinkler system is connected to the sprinkler pipe, and multiple outlets of the sprinkler pipe are facing the converter transformer.
  • spray fire extinguishing is realized, and the sprinkler pipes are located at the low end and side of the converter transformer to achieve full coverage extinguishing.
  • the outlet of the second fire pipe of the fire monitor fire extinguishing system is connected to the fire monitor, and the pipeline is arranged at the high end of the converter transformer. In order to extinguish the fire with fire monitors, it can suppress and extinguish the fire at the key parts of the converter transformer.
  • Both sets of fire extinguishing systems act on the converter transformer on fire, completely covering all the fire characteristic behaviors of the UHV converter transformer.
  • the method further includes:
  • the fire extinguishing system also includes a first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem, a second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem, and a control module.
  • a certain commutation transformer catches fire, the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem are ,
  • the control module controls the fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem closer to the converter to give priority to the fire extinguishing medium to the first fire fighting pipeline, and the fire extinguishing converter is fired on the main body and the surrounding area through the sprinkler pipes on the firewalls on both sides of the converter.
  • Another extinguishing medium generation subsystem far away from the converter transformer provides the fire extinguishing medium to the second fire pipe.
  • the outlet of the second fire pipe is located at the higher end above the converter, and the fire extinguishing medium is emitted from the outlet of the second fire pipe Carry out suppression and extinguishing.
  • the fire extinguishing system also includes a pole 1 high and low end valve group, a first local control cabinet, a pole 2 high and low end valve group, a second local control cabinet, a first zone selection valve, and a second zone selection
  • the first fire-fighting pipeline is connected to the first partition selection valve
  • the second fire-fighting pipeline is connected to the second partition selection valve
  • the first partition selection valve and the second partition selection valve are connected to the first fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem and the second partition selection valve through the pipeline.
  • the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem is connected, the pole 1 high and low end valve group is arranged in the pole 1 square, and the pole 2 high and low end valve group is arranged in the pole 2 square;
  • the main control module opens the first partition selection valve connected to the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem closest to the ignition valve group through the first local control cabinet, and automatically starts the first extinguishing medium In the generation subsystem, the first fire-fighting pipeline connected with the first partition selection valve is bubbled through the sprinkler pipe to achieve spraying and extinguishing of the pole 1 high and low end valve group.
  • the main control module opens the second partition selection valve connected to the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem through the second on-site control cabinet, and automatically starts the second fire extinguishing medium generating sub
  • the second fire-fighting pipeline connected to the second partition selection valve is bubbled through the fire monitor to achieve fire extinguishing of the fire monitor with the pole 1 high and low end valve group.
  • the main control module opens the second fire extinguishing medium closest to the pole 2 high and low end valve group through the first local control cabinet. Generate the first partition selection valve connected to the subsystem, and automatically start the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem, and the first fire pipe connected to the first partition selection valve will bubble through the sprinkler pipe to realize the opposite pole 2 high and low end valve Group spray fire extinguishing.
  • the main control module opens the second partition selection valve connected to the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem through the second on-site control cabinet, and automatically starts the second fire extinguishing medium generator.
  • the second fire-fighting pipeline connected to the second partition selection valve is bubbled through the fire monitor to realize the fire extinguishing of the fire monitor of the pole 2 high and low end valve group.
  • the method further includes:
  • the control module controls the normal working extinguishing medium generating subsystem to deliver the extinguishing medium output to the first fire fighting pipeline , Priority is given to extinguishing the fire converter transformer through sprinkler pipes to achieve rapid fire extinguishing in the whole area.
  • the pole 1 high and low end valve group fires, the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem fails and cannot work, and the main control module opens the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem through the second local control cabinet.
  • the first partition selection valve of the first partition, and the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem is automatically activated.
  • the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem delivers the fire extinguishing medium to the first fire-fighting pipeline, and the first fire-fighting pipeline connected to the first partition selection valve passes through the sprinkler pipe Bubbles can be achieved by spraying and extinguishing the high and low ends of the pole 1 valve group.
  • the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem fails and cannot work, and the main control module opens the first zone connected to the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem through the first local control cabinet. Select the valve, and automatically start the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem, the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem delivers the extinguishing medium to the first fire-fighting pipeline, and the first fire-fighting pipeline connected to the first partition selection valve is bubbled through the sprinkler pipe to achieve Sprinkle and extinguish the fire with the high and low end valve group of pole 1.
  • the method further includes:
  • the control module controls the extinguishing medium that can work normally to produce the sub-system.
  • the output of the extinguishing medium is also delivered to the second fire-fighting pipeline.
  • the outlet of the second fire-fighting pipeline is located at the higher end above the converter transformer. The exit of the pipeline emits a fire extinguishing medium to suppress and extinguish the fire.
  • the value range of the preset time interval is 0-5 min.
  • control module controls the extinguishing medium that can work normally and delivers the extinguishing medium outputted by the extinguishing medium generation subsystem to the first fire fighting pipeline and the second fire fighting pipeline at the same time, and the sprinkler and fire monitors are carried out at the same time. Extinguishing.
  • the present invention also provides a UHV converter station with the above fire extinguishing system, which includes several groups of single-valve converter transformers arranged in parallel with each other.
  • Each single-valve converter converter includes several converter transformers arranged at equal intervals. The converter transformers are separated by a firewall, and a valve hall is arranged parallel to the rear side of each single-valve group converter transformer.
  • It also includes at least one compressed air foam generating subsystem and a control module.
  • the control module is connected to all compressors.
  • the air foam generating subsystem is connected, and the outlet of the compressed air foam generating subsystem is connected with the inlets of all the first fire-fighting pipes and the inlets of all the second fire-fighting pipes.
  • the sprinkler system and the fire monitor fire extinguishing system are activated at the same time.
  • the sprinkler system is spray fire extinguishing and is arranged on the firewall on both sides of the converter transformer. , Located at the low end and around the converter transformer, to achieve full coverage fire extinguishing.
  • the pipes of the fire monitor fire extinguishing system are arranged at the high end of the converter transformer and used for fire monitors to extinguish fires. The key parts of the converter transformer are suppressed and extinguished.
  • the pipelines of the two fire extinguishing systems of the present invention are both connected to the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem.
  • the two fire extinguishing medium generating subsystems are mutually backup, and the single fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem fails.
  • the sprinkler system and the fire monitor extinguishing system can also be bubbled through another set of systems to extinguish fires with high reliability.
  • the two fire extinguishing systems are also mutually backup.
  • a single fire extinguishing system can also cover the fire extinguishing area. If a single fire extinguishing system fails, another fire extinguishing system can also be used to extinguish fires with high reliability.
  • the sprinkler pipe is an anti-explosion sprinkler pipe. Its foam is produced by the remote fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem, so there is no need for pressure nozzles to produce foam. It is necessary to set up a pressure nozzle, and the foam is sprayed directly through the outlet of the spray pipe to achieve the spray effect.
  • the casing and casing riser are the weakened parts of the commutation. These weak parts are most likely to cause fire and explosion first. Therefore, there are vertical sprinkler pipes arranged next to the casing and the casing riser.
  • the riser, the riser and the casing of the sprinkler are perpendicular to the ground.
  • the sprinkler can spray the fire extinguishing medium.
  • the riser of the sprinkler can strengthen the fire protection of weak parts and improve the fire extinguishing efficiency.
  • Two sets of fire extinguishing medium generation subsystems are respectively set up in the area near the two UHV converter station squares, far apart.
  • a converter transformer catches fire, there will be a certain difference in the operating time of the system, in order to achieve the best fire extinguishing action.
  • the fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem closer to the commutation transformer will give priority to the first fire extinguishing pipeline, and the other fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem far away from the commutation transformer will give priority to the fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem.
  • the second fire-fighting pipeline provides fire-extinguishing medium; when one of the first fire-extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second fire-extinguishing medium generating subsystem fails, the control module controls the output of the normal working fire-extinguishing medium generating subsystem
  • the fire extinguishing medium is transported to the first fire-fighting pipeline through the sprinkler pipe to achieve the sprinkler extinguishing effect, and the sprinkler pipe is given priority to extinguish the fire around the converter transformer, which is highly reliable. Clarify the response time of the system, respond to the principle requirements, and avoid creating conditions for the initial development of the fire.
  • the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem are arranged far away from the area where the converter transformer is located.
  • the fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem is far away from the place where the fire may occur.
  • the fire extinguishing medium generates The sub-system will not be damaged by fire.
  • the fire-extinguishing medium generation subsystem can also produce a fire-extinguishing medium and transport the fire-extinguishing medium to the place where the fire occurs through the pipeline to extinguish the fire.
  • the arrangement strategy of combining far and near and high and low is adopted.
  • the near and low ends are equipped with sprinkler extinguishing systems, and the remote and high ends are arranged with fire monitors to achieve comprehensive three-dimensional fire extinguishing.
  • the fire monitors are located at the high end and are not easy to explode.
  • the pipe is located at the low end, it has anti-explosion performance, which greatly reduces the risk of fatal damage to all fire extinguishing systems in the converter transformer area due to the impact of high-energy explosion of fire.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a single converter transformer and its fire extinguishing facilities in a fire extinguishing system applicable to UHV converter stations according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pole and its fire extinguishing facility arrangement composed of a single-valve group converter transformer and a valve hall in a fire extinguishing system suitable for UHV converter stations according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the UHV converter station and its fire extinguishing facilities in the fire extinguishing system applicable to UHV converter stations according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a single converter variable point combined fire extinguishing in a fire extinguishing system applicable to an ultra-high voltage converter station provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fire extinguishing process of a fire extinguishing system applicable to an ultra-high voltage converter station provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a specific flow chart of part B of the fire extinguishing process applicable to the fire extinguishing system of the UHV converter station provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the test results of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system in the fire extinguishing system applicable to the UHV converter station provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the test results of the fire extinguishing system of the fire monitor in the fire extinguishing system applicable to the UHV converter station provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem 8.
  • the control module 9. The first local control cabinet
  • the second local control cabinet 11.
  • the first zone selection valve 12.
  • the second zone selection valve
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of a single converter transformer 1 and its fire extinguishing facilities
  • Figure 2 is composed of a single valve group converter transformer 100 and valve hall 3
  • the schematic diagram of the layout of the pole and its fire-extinguishing facilities, as shown in Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the UHV converter station and its fire-extinguishing facilities.
  • the valve group converter transformer 100 includes several converter transformers 1 arranged at equal intervals. The adjacent converter transformers 1 are separated by a firewall 2. Each single valve group converter transformer 100 is arranged in parallel on the rear side of a valve hall 3.
  • the single-valve converter transformer 100 and the corresponding valve hall 3 constitute a pole, two poles and a set of poles.
  • Each set of poles includes a high-end valve set and a low-end valve set, between the two poles in the same set of poles.
  • the low-end valve group between adjacent poles is arranged back-to-back or the high-end valve group is arranged back-to-back, and the valve hall side casing of each converter transformer 1 extends into its corresponding valve hall 3.
  • the UHV converter station includes four poles arranged in parallel in sequence, namely, pole 1 high-end valve group 200, pole 1 low-end valve group 300, extremely 2 low-end valve group 400, and Pole 2 high-end valve group 500, Pole 1 high-end valve group 200 and Pole 1 low-end valve group 300 are mirrored symmetrically, Pole 2 high-end valve group and Pole 2 low-end valve group 400 are mirrored symmetrically, Very 1 low-end valve group 300 and The extremely 2 low-end valve groups 400 are arranged back to back, wherein each single valve group converter transformer 100 has 6 converter transformers 1, and adjacent converter transformers 1 are separated by a firewall 2 and arranged at equal intervals.
  • the fire extinguishing system suitable for UHV converter stations includes sprinkler fire extinguishing system 4, fire monitor fire extinguishing system 5, first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6, second fire extinguishing medium A subsystem 7 and a control module 8 are generated.
  • the sprinkler fire extinguishing system 4 includes a first fire fighting pipe 401 and a sprinkler pipe 402, and the fire monitor fire extinguishing system 5 includes a second fire fire pipe 501 and a fire monitor 502.
  • the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 are both compressed air foam generating subsystems, and the extinguishing media output by the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 are both It is compressed air foam.
  • the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 are arranged far away from the area where the converter transformer 1 is located, and are generally arranged in two UHV converter station squares respectively.
  • the system 6 is arranged in the pole 1 square
  • the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 is arranged in the pole 2 square.
  • the fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem is far away from the possible fire place. In the event of a fire, the fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem will not be damaged by the fire. Even if an explosion causes part of the fire fighting pipeline terminal around the explosion point to be destroyed, the fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem can still produce Fire extinguishing medium, and transport the extinguishing medium through other undamaged fire-fighting pipes to the place where the fire occurs for fire extinguishing.
  • a second fire-fighting pipeline 501 is arranged above each converter transformer 1 in the UHV converter station, and a first fire-fighting pipeline 401 is arranged around each converter transformer 1, and each converter transformer in the UHV converter station 1
  • a fire monitor 502 is arranged directly above the firewall 2 on both sides, and each fire monitor 502 is connected to a second fire pipe 501.
  • the firewall 2 on both sides of each converter transformer 1 is equipped with a sprinkler pipe 402.
  • Each of the spray pipes 402 is connected to a first fire fighting pipe 401, and the fire monitor 502 at the position of each converter transformer 1 and the outlet of the spray pipe 402 are directly facing the converter transformer 1.
  • the control module 8 is connected to the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 through the first on-site control cabinet 9, and the control module 8 is connected to the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 through the second on-site control cabinet 10.
  • the outlet of the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 is connected with the inlets of all the first fire fighting pipes 401 and the inlets of all the second fire fighting pipes 501, and the outlet of the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 is connected with all the first fire pipes 401.
  • the first fire-extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 can separately supply bubbles to the first fire-fighting pipe 401 and the second fire-fighting pipe 501 at the same time, and the second fire-extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 can also
  • the first fire-fighting pipe 401 and the second fire-fighting pipe 501 are provided separately at the same time, but the flow of compressed air foam is considered in practical applications.
  • the first fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 supplies the adjacent first fire-fighting pipe 401 with bubbles.
  • the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 supplies bubbles to the second fire fighting pipeline 501, or the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 supplies bubbles to the adjacent first fire fighting pipeline 401, and the first fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 supplies bubbles to the second fire fighting pipeline.
  • the pipe 501 supplies bubbles.
  • All single-valve group converter transformers 100 close to the first fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 and the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 are provided with a first partition selection valve 11 and a second partition selection valve 12, and all first fire extinguishing pipelines 401 is connected to the first partition selector valve 11 of the single-valve group converter transformer 100; fire monitors 502 are arranged on the eaves of each valve hall 3 facing the fire wall 2, and each fire monitor 502 passes through the second fire fighting pipeline. 501 is connected to a second partition selection valve 12; all first partition selection valves 11 and all second partition selection valves 12 pass through the main bubble supply main selection valve 13 and the first bubble supply pipe 14 and the first fire extinguishing medium generator in sequence.
  • the outlet connection of the system 6; all the first zone selection valves 11 and all the second zone selection valves 12 are connected to the outlet of the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 through the main bubble supply main selection valve 13 and the second bubble supply pipeline 15 in sequence .
  • the outlet of the first fire pipe 401 is connected to the sprinkler pipe 402 to realize sprinkler fire extinguishing
  • the outlet of the second fire pipe 501 is connected to the fire monitor 502 to realize the fire extinguishing of the fire monitor 502.
  • the fire-fighting pipes of the sprinkler fire extinguishing system 4 are arranged around each converter transformer 1 to extinguish fires around each converter transformer 1, and the fire-fighting pipes of the fire monitor fire extinguishing system 5 are arranged above each converter transformer 1.
  • the fire extinguishing medium is launched above the converter transformer 1 to suppress fire extinguishing.
  • the two fire extinguishing systems achieve full coverage of the entire area of the converter transformer 1, and completely cover all the fire characteristic behaviors around and above the UHV converter transformer 1.
  • two sets of fire extinguishing media are produced
  • the subsystems are mutually backup, a single set of fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem is damaged, and the other fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem can continue to provide fire extinguishing medium, and the system reliability is high.
  • the fire extinguishing system of this embodiment adopts the arrangement strategy of combining far and near and high and low.
  • Compressed air foam sprinkler fire extinguishing system 4 is arranged at the near and low ends, that is, the horizontal pipe of the sprinkler pipe 402 and the first fire pipe 401 on the side of the firewall 2 Connected and the horizontal pipe has several outlets, and the compressed air foam fire-fighting monitor fire extinguishing system 5 is arranged at the far end and the high-end, that is, a fire monitor 502 is installed on the eaves of each valve hall 3 facing the firewall 2 to realize comprehensive three-dimensional fire extinguishing. At the same time, the fire monitor 502 is located at the high end and is not easy to explode.
  • the sprinkler pipe 402 is located at the low end, it has anti-explosion performance.
  • the anti-explosion performance will be described in detail in the following content, so it greatly reduces the impact of the high-energy explosion of the fire on all the fire in the converter transformer 1 area. The system is at risk of fatal damage.
  • each converter transformer 1 is provided with a casing 16 and a casing raising seat in the middle, and a spray pipe 402 is arranged beside the casing 16 and the casing raising seat.
  • 402 is an anti-explosion spray pipe 402.
  • the sprinkler pipe 402 is a cross-shaped pipe composed of a horizontal pipe and a vertical pipe.
  • the vertical pipe, the riser and the casing 16 are all perpendicular to the ground.
  • the horizontal pipe is connected to the first fire-fighting pipe 401 on the side of the firewall 2, and the horizontal pipe There are several openings on both the vertical pipe and the vertical pipe.
  • the casing 16, the casing riser, etc. are the weak parts of the converter transformer 1. These weak parts are most likely to cause fire and explosion first.
  • a spray pipe 402 is arranged next to the casing 16 and the casing riser.
  • the vertical pipe of 402 and the raised seat and the casing 16 are perpendicular to the ground.
  • the spray pipe 402 can spray the fire extinguishing medium.
  • the vertical pipe of the spray pipe 402 strengthens the fire protection of weak parts and improves the fire extinguishing efficiency.
  • the first damage to converter transformer 1 after a fire and explosion is the device closest to converter transformer 1, that is, the sprinkler pipe at the lower end is easily damaged.
  • the spray pipes in the existing fire extinguishing system are all Pressure nozzle, that is, the pressure nozzle converts the medium into foam to spray out the fire.
  • the medium generation subsystem of this embodiment is arranged at the remote end, and the first fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 and the second fire extinguishing subsystem 6
  • the fire extinguishing medium output by the medium generating subsystem 7 is compressed air foam, and there is no need to set a pressure nozzle to convert the medium into foam.
  • the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the compressed air foam produced by the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 will continue to be sprayed to the fired part through the outlet of the pipe, and continue to extinguish the fire.
  • the converter transformer 1 is surrounded by a noise reduction plate (not shown).
  • the noise reduction plate and the converter transformer 1 are located between the two firewalls 2 as a whole.
  • the casing 16 and the casing riser pass through the noise reduction plate in the converter Directly above the middle of rheology 1, the first fire pipe 401 located on the firewall 2 passes through the noise reduction plate and communicates with the horizontal pipe, and several outlets of the horizontal pipe are facing the converter 1.
  • the vertical pipe passes through the noise reduction plate and sleeve.
  • the tube 16 and the sleeve 16 are raised in parallel.
  • the noise reduction board can effectively eliminate the noise of the converter transformer 1.
  • Embodiment 1 of the present invention is as follows: as shown in Figures 5 to 7, the figures only use fire detectors to detect the occurrence of a fire. In practice, fire detection needs to be carried out through temperature-sensing detectors, flame detectors, etc.
  • the valve group converter transformer 100 body is arranged in parallel and independently with two cable-type temperature-sensing detectors (not shown), the first temperature-sensing detector and the second temperature-sensing detector, each phase converter transformer 1 surrounding firewall 2 is arranged 2
  • the flame detectors are respectively the first flame detector and the second flame detector.
  • the combined alarm system sends out an audible and visual alarm signal. If only the flame detector or only the cable-type temperature detector sends out an action signal, the combined alarm system will not alarm.
  • a certain phase converter transformer 1 is abnormal, the circuit breaker switch of the single valve group converter transformer 100 sends a response action, the circuit breaker switch is in position, and the valve group is powered off.
  • the sound and light alarm signal, the alarm position signal, and the circuit breaker switch position signal are transmitted to the main control module 8, and the main control module 8 starts the fire extinguishing system.
  • the first extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 is also arranged in the pole 1 square, the first zone selection valve 11 and the second zone selection The valves 12 are all connected to the first extinguishing medium generation subsystem 6 through pipelines, and control the activation of the first partition selection valve 11 and the second partition selection valve 12 to select the compressed air foam sprinkler system 4 or the compressed air foam fire monitor to extinguish the fire.
  • System 5 extinguishes fire. Since the sprinkler extinguishing response is faster than the fire monitor and covers a wide area, in order to extinguish the fire as soon as possible, sprinkler extinguishing is generally preferred.
  • the main control module opens the first partition selection valve 11 connected to the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 closest to the ignition valve group through the first on-site control cabinet 9, and automatically starts the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6.
  • a fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 supplies bubbles to the first fire fighting pipeline 401, and the first fire fighting pipeline 401 connected to the first partition selection valve 11 is bubbled through the sprinkler pipe 402 to achieve spray fire extinguishing to the high and low end valve groups of pole 1 .
  • the pole 1 high and low end valve group refers to the pole 1 high end valve group and the extremely 1 low end valve group.
  • the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 is located in the pole 2 square, far away from the high and low end valve groups of the pole 1, and the response of the fire monitor 502 is slower than that of the sprinkler pipe 402, so the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 can be used for firefighting
  • the cannon 502 provides bubbles to realize the fire extinguishing of the fire cannon 502.
  • the main control module 8 opens the second partition selection valve 12 connected to the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 through the second on-site control cabinet 10, and automatically starts the second fire extinguishing medium generation sub-system.
  • the second fire pipe 501 connected to the second partition selection valve 12 is bubbled through the fire monitor 502 to realize the fire extinguishing of the fire monitor 502 of the high and low end valve group of pole 1.
  • the pole 2 high and low end valve group when the pole 1 high and low end valve group does not have a fire, the pole 2 high and low end valve group is on fire. Since the pole 2 high and low end valve group is arranged in the pole 2 square, the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 is also arranged in the pole 2 square, the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 is closer to the pole 2 high and low end valve group, so the first fire extinguishing pipeline 401 is supplied with bubbles through the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7, the shortest pipeline path and the fastest response In order to achieve the purpose of saving fire extinguishing time, the main control module opens the first zone selection valve 11 connected to the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 closest to the pole 2 high and low end valve group through the first on-site control cabinet 9.
  • the pole 2 high and low end valve group refers to the pole 2 high end valve group and the extremely 2 low end valve group.
  • the main control module opens the second partition selection valve 12 connected to the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 through the second on-site control cabinet 10, and automatically starts the second fire extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7.
  • the second fire-fighting pipeline 501 connected to the second partition selection valve 12 is bubbled through the fire monitor 502 to realize the fire extinguishing of the fire monitor 502 of the pole 2 high and low end valve group.
  • valve between the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the first fire pipe 401 of the adjacent pole 1 is normally closed, and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 is far away from the
  • the valve between the second fire-fighting pipe 501 of pole 1 is in a normally closed state; the valve between the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 and the first fire-fighting pipe 401 of the adjacent pole 2 is in a normally closed state, and the first fire extinguishing medium generates
  • the valve between the subsystem 6 and the second fire-fighting pipe 501 of the pole 2 which is far apart is normally closed; for the activation of the partition selection valve and the activation of the fire-extinguishing medium generation subsystem, both remote manual activation or local manual activation can be used .
  • the fire extinguishing process is to start two fire extinguishing systems at the same time.
  • the two fire extinguishing medium generating subsystems are respectively set up near the two UHV converter station squares, far apart.
  • a certain converter transformer 1 catches fire , There is a certain difference in system action time.
  • the compressed air foam generation subsystem closest to the fire converter transformer 1 is controlled by The partition selection valve in the valve chamber is in the open and closed state, so that the compressed air foam provided by the compressed air foam generating subsystem is preferentially supplied to the first fire fighting pipe 401 around the converter transformer 1, so that the horizontal pipe of the spray pipe 402 releases compression
  • the air foam achieves full coverage of the converter transformer 1, and the vertical pipe of the spray pipe 402 achieves enhanced coverage of the casing 16 area.
  • Another set of compressed air foam subsystems far away from the fire converter transformer 1 supplies compressed air foam to the fire monitor 502 located in the eaves of the valve hall 3 through the partition selection valve room, so as to realize the fire key area of the converter transformer 1. Suppress the fire.
  • the position span is relatively large, which will result in different system response times.
  • the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 that is closer to the pole 1 high-end valve group 200 preferentially supplies bubbles to the sprinkler pipe 402, which is farther away from the valve group.
  • the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 far away supplies bubbles to the fire monitor 502.
  • the second extinguishing medium generation subsystem 7 that is closer to the pole 2 high-end valve group 500 will give priority to the sprinkler pipe 402, which is closer to the pole 2 high-end valve group 500.
  • the remote first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 supplies bubbles to the release device of the fire monitor 502.
  • the sprinkler pipe 402 at the low end is converted to a full-area sprinkler and fire extinguishing.
  • the fire monitor 502 at the high end can suppress and extinguish the key parts, and the control module 8 can control priority to the lower ones. Extinguishing is performed around the converter transformer 1 at the end to realize the combination of point and surface fire extinguishing efficiency, higher fire extinguishing efficiency, and strong fire extinguishing reliability.
  • the high end of the converter 1 has a fire point, but the spray pipe 402 at the low end cannot spray foam to the high fire point.
  • the control module 8 controls the normal operation
  • the fire extinguishing medium output by the fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem is also transported to the second fire fighting pipeline 501.
  • the exit of the second fire fighting pipeline 501 is located at the higher end above the converter transformer 1, and the fire extinguishing medium is emitted from the exit of the second fire fighting pipeline 501 to suppress fire extinguishing.
  • the control module 8 can also control the normal working fire-extinguishing medium generation subsystem to simultaneously output foam to the first fire-fighting pipe 401 and the second fire-fighting pipe 501.
  • the response time is generally 5min
  • the first fire pipe 401 is connected to the sprinkler pipe 402
  • its response time is generally 90s. Therefore, there is a time delay between the two terminal release devices. If bubbles are provided at the same time, there is not enough foam for the first firefighting Pipe 401 is used for spraying, which leads to prolonged response time for fire extinguishing.
  • This period of time to provide bubble to fire monitor 502 belongs to The waste of resources and time, so give priority to the sprinkler pipe 402 located at the lower end with sufficient foam, which can not reduce the time for suppressing the fire and can also cover the fire area to the maximum extent.
  • the sprinkler pipe 402 After the sprinkler pipe 402 has been sprayed for a few minutes, the fire area has been fully covered and extinguished for several minutes.
  • the response time of the fire monitor 502 is reached, so the fire monitor 502 is provided with bubbles to further suppress the fire, so that Best effect of fire extinguishing
  • Table 2 The key parameters of the fire extinguishing system of the fire monitor
  • the fire extinguishing system applicable to the UHV converter station provided by the embodiment 1 of the present invention a set of fire extinguishing pipes of the fire extinguishing system are arranged around each converter transformer 1, and fire extinguishing is performed around each converter transformer 1.
  • the fire-fighting pipeline of another set of fire extinguishing system is arranged above each converter transformer 1, and the fire extinguishing medium is emitted from above each converter transformer 1 to suppress and extinguish the fire.
  • the medium generating subsystem of this embodiment is arranged at the remote end, and the fire extinguishing media output by the first fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the second fire extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 are compressed air foam, and there is no need to set a pressure nozzle to convert the medium. Therefore, even if the sprinkler pipe is blown, it will not cause the fire extinguishing system to fail.
  • the compressed air foam produced by the first extinguishing medium generating subsystem 6 and the second extinguishing medium generating subsystem 7 will continue to spray through the outlet of the pipe Go to the fired area and continue to put out the fire.

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Abstract

适用特高压换流站的灭火系统、灭火方法及特高压换流站，所述灭火系统包括喷淋灭火系统和消防炮灭火系统，所述喷淋灭火系统包括第一消防管道和喷淋管，所述消防炮灭火系统包括第二消防管道和消防炮，所述特高压换流站内每个换流变两侧的防火墙正上方均布置有一个消防炮，每个消防炮与一路第二消防管道连通，每个换流变两侧的防火墙上均设有喷淋管，每个所述喷淋管均与一路第一消防管道连通，每个换流变所在位置的消防炮以及第一消防管道喷淋管的出口均正对所述换流变；所述灭火系统的优点在于：解决灭火系统现有设计的不足和缺陷，实现高效灭火和可靠灭火。

Description

适用特高压换流站的灭火系统、灭火方法及特高压换流站 技术领域
本发明涉及特高压领域，更具体涉及适用特高压换流站的灭火系统、灭火方法及特高压换流站。
背景技术
特高压直流输电是世界上最先进的输电技术之一，我国已成为世界直流输电大国并引领特高压直流输电技术的发展。2016年1月11日，准东—皖南(新疆昌吉—安徽宣城)±1100kV特高压直流输电工程开工建设。这是目前世界上电压等级最高、输送容量最大、输送距离最远、技术水平最先进的特高压输电工程。
特高压换流站是电网的重要组成部分，承接着全国的电力输送任务，保证特高压换流站的正常平稳运行，对于社会的生产、生活以及社会稳定具有重要的意义。特高压换流站内的换流变压器属于一种大型含油设备，单台设备含变压器油约200吨。换流变压器一旦发生火灾，常伴随着爆炸、爆燃等现象，如果不能及时有效控制单台变压器火灾，可能会对单阀组多台换流变压器和相邻阀厅内精密设备带来严重破坏，造成的经济损失和社会影响难以估量。
一直以来，国内用来扑灭变压器火灾的灭火技术主要有细水雾系统、固定式水喷雾系统、SD型泡沫喷淋灭火系统、排油注氮灭火系统、高压CO 2全淹没灭火系统，研究人员已对各种灭火技术特点及适用性开展了相关研究，并对比分析了各种灭火手段之间的优缺点；国外则主要使用全自动 压缩空气A类泡沫灭火系统(CAFS)。
国内针对变压器灭火系统也做了相关研究，东华工程科技股份有限公司发表期刊文献《油浸变压器水喷雾灭火系统的设计探讨》[J].广州化工,2013,41(8):240-242，研究了目前常用的保护各类油浸变压器的灭火系统，描述了水喷雾灭火系统的灭火原理及其系统组成。乐山市消防支队发表期刊文献《油浸变压器的火灾危险性及预防措施》[J].消防科学与技术,2006(b03):146-147，研究了油浸电力变压器的构造以及火灾预防措施，并着重介绍了水喷雾系统和排油注氮灭火系统。中国联合工程公司发表期刊文献《水喷雾灭火系统在大型油浸变压器中的应用》[J].山西建筑,2009,35(14):171-172，研究了水喷雾灭火系统在大型油浸变压器中的应用，介绍了大型油浸变压器水喷雾灭火系统的组成和控制方式，探讨了设计中应该注意的问题，以使系统设计不断改进。公安部天津消防研究所发表期刊文献《水喷雾系统灭油浸变压器火灾试验研究》[J].消防科学与技术,2012,31(12):1303-1305，对水喷雾系统灭油浸变压器火灾进行了试验研究，且对变压器的水喷雾系统设置提出了建议。河北能源工程设计有限公司发表《油浸变压器消防系统设计浅析》[J].中小企业管理与科技,2009(7):287-288，研究比较了水喷雾灭火系统、SD型泡沫喷淋灭火系统、高压CO2全淹没灭火系统三种变压器固定式消防系统。
国内对于变压器灭火技术的研究大多针对常规变压器，灭火手段停留在较为传统的水雾和泡沫喷雾等方式，在新技术如压缩空气泡沫及其它高效水基灭火技术的应用落后于国外，也尚未有针对具有BOX-IN等复杂结构的新建特高压换流站大型换流变压器灭火技术系统的研究，各种灭火技 术对特高压换流变压器的适用性尚未明了。
综上所述，当前换流站设置的消防灭火系统难以完全覆盖换流变特殊火灾行为。换流站换流变压器区域消防灭火系统存在以下问题：①当前所有的在运换流站的换流变区域的灭火系统是水喷淋灭火系统或泡沫喷雾灭火系统，事故及相关研究表明，这两种系统难以完全覆盖特高压换流变所有火灾特征行为；②换流变区域仅布置单套灭火系统，系统冗余考虑不足，系统可靠性低；③当前换流站灭火系统终端释放装置是压力喷头，布置在换流变周围区域，不具备任何抗爆炸冲击能力，爆炸发生时，可能直接导致系统失效；④事故表明，换流变压器升高座、套管属于高火灾风险部位，目前消防灭火系统并未对该区域增加任何额外防护措施；⑤当前消防灭火系统没有明确系统响应时间，响应原则要求，给火灾发生初期发展创造了条件。
因此，为了实现高效灭火和可靠灭火，需要对特高压换流站消防灭火系统进行更加可靠的设计。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于如何实现特高压换流站消防灭火系统完全覆盖特高压换流变所有火灾特征行为。
本发明通过以下技术手段实现解决上述技术问题的：适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，包括至少一套喷淋灭火系统和至少一套消防炮灭火系统，所述每套喷淋灭火系统包括第一消防管道和喷淋管，所述每套消防炮灭火系统包括第二消防管道和消防炮，所述特高压换流站内每个换流变两侧的防火墙正上方均布置有至少一个消防炮，每个消防炮与一路第二消防管道连通，每个换流变两侧的防火墙上均设有至少一个喷淋管，每个所述喷淋 管均与一路第一消防管道连通，每个换流变所在位置的消防炮以及第一消防管道喷淋管的出口均正对所述换流变。
本发明提供的灭火系统，当某个换流变着火时，同时启动喷淋灭火系统和消防炮灭火系统，喷淋灭火系统为喷淋灭火且布置在换流变两侧的防火墙上，位于换流变的低端以及四周，实现全覆盖灭火，消防炮灭火系统的管道布置在换流变的高端且为消防炮灭火，实现对换流变重点部位压制灭火，两套灭火系统均作用于着火换流变，完全覆盖特高压换流变所有火灾特征行为，解决灭火系统现有设计的不足和缺陷，进而实现高效灭火和可靠灭火。
进一步地，所述灭火系统还包括第一灭火介质产生子系统、第二灭火介质产生子系统以及控制模块，所述控制模块分别与第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统连接，第一灭火介质产生子系统的出口与所有的第一消防管道的入口以及所有的第二消防管道的入口连通，第二灭火介质产生子系统的出口与所有的第一消防管道的入口以及所有的第二消防管道的入口连通。
更进一步地，所述特高压换流站包括若干组相互平行布置的单阀组换流变，每个单阀组换流变包括若干台等间隔布置的换流变，相邻换流变之间通过防火墙隔开，每个单阀组换流变后侧均平行的布置一个阀厅，单阀组换流变与对应的阀厅整体构成一个极，两个极为一组极，每组极包括高端阀组和低端阀组，同组极内的两个极之间镜像对称设置，相邻组极之间的低端阀组背靠背布置，每台换流变的阀厅侧套管伸入其对应的阀厅内。
更进一步地，所有单阀组换流变靠近第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第 二灭火介质产生子系统的一端均设有第一分区选择阀和第二分区选择阀，所有第一消防管道与其所在单阀组换流变的第一分区选择阀连接；消防炮设置在每个阀厅挑檐上正对防火墙的位置，每个消防炮分别通过第二消防管道与一个第二分区选择阀连接；所有第一分区选择阀以及所有第二分区选择阀均通过第一供泡管道与第一灭火介质产生子系统的出口连接；所有第一分区选择阀以及所有第二分区选择阀均通过第二供泡管道与第二灭火介质产生子系统的出口连接。
进一步地，所述喷淋管为抗爆喷淋管。
更进一步地，每个所述换流变中间部位设置有套管以及套管升高座，喷淋管为由横管和竖管组合而成的十字架形管道，竖管与升高座以及套管均相对地面垂直，横管与防火墙侧面的第一消防管道连通且横管具有若干个出口。
再进一步地，所述换流变四周设有降噪板，降噪板以及换流变整体位于两扇防火墙之间，套管以及套管升高座穿出降噪板位于换流变中间正上方位置，位于防火墙上的第一消防管道穿过降噪板与横管连通且横管的若干个出口正对换流变，竖管穿出降噪板与套管以及套管升高平行。
进一步地，所述第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统布置在远离换流变所在区域的位置。
更进一步地，所述第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统均为压缩空气泡沫产生子系统，第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质均为压缩空气泡沫。
本发明还提供适用特高压换流站的灭火方法，所述方法包括：
当某个换流变着火时，同时启动喷淋灭火系统和消防炮灭火系统，喷淋灭火系统的第一消防管道的出口连接喷淋管，喷淋管的多个出口正对换流变的四周，实现喷淋灭火，且喷淋管位于换流变的低端以及侧面，实现全覆盖灭火，消防炮灭火系统的第二消防管道的出口连接消防炮，管道布置在换流变的高端且为消防炮灭火，实现对换流变重点部位压制灭火，两套灭火系统均作用于着火换流变，完全覆盖特高压换流变所有火灾特征行为。
进一步地，所述方法还包括：
所述灭火系统还包括第一灭火介质产生子系统、第二灭火介质产生子系统以及控制模块，当某个换流变着火时，第一灭火介质产生子系统和第二灭火介质产生子系统中，控制模块控制离该换流变较近的灭火介质产生子系统优先给第一消防管道提供灭火介质，通过换流变两侧防火墙上喷淋管对着火换流变主体及四周进行全域灭火，另一台离该换流变较远的灭火介质产生子系统给第二消防管道提供灭火介质，第二消防管道的出口位于换流变上方的较高端，从第二消防管道的出口发射灭火介质进行压制灭火。
更进一步地，所述灭火系统还包括极1高低端阀组、第一就地控制柜、极2高低端阀组、第二就地控制柜、第一分区选择阀以及第二分区选择阀，第一消防管道与第一分区选择阀连接，第二消防管道与第二分区选择阀连接，第一分区选择阀以及第二分区选择阀均通过管道与第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统连接，极1高低端阀组布置在极1广场，极2高低端阀组布置在极2广场；
当极1高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜打开离着火阀 组最近的第一灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第一灭火介质产生子系统，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
更进一步地，当极1高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜打开第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第二分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，与第二分区选择阀连接的第二消防管道通过消防炮出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组消防炮灭火。
进一步地，当极1高低端阀组没有火灾，则极2高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜打开离着极2高低端阀组最近的第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极2高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
更进一步地，当极2高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜打开第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第二分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，与第二分区选择阀连接的第二消防管道通过消防炮出泡，实现对极2高低端阀组消防炮灭火。
进一步地，所述方法还包括：
当第一灭火介质产生子系统和第二灭火介质产生子系统中某个灭火介质产生子系统发生故障时，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质输送到第一消防管道，优先通过喷淋管对着火换流变进行灭火，实现全区域快速灭火。
更进一步地，其特征在于，当极1高低端阀组火灾，第一灭火介质产 生子系统出现故障不能工作，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜打开第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，第二灭火介质产生子系统向第一消防管道输送灭火介质，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
更进一步地，当极1高低端阀组火灾，第二灭火介质产生子系统出现故障不能工作，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜打开第一灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第一灭火介质产生子系统，第一灭火介质产生子系统向第一消防管道输送灭火介质，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
再进一步地，所述方法还包括：
经预设时间间隔以后，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质还输送到第二消防管道，第二消防管道的出口位于换流变上方的较高端，从第二消防管道的出口发射灭火介质进行压制灭火。
更进一步地，所述预设时间间隔的取值范围为0～5min。
更进一步地，当预设时间间隔为0时，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质同时输送到第一消防管道和第二消防管道，同时进行喷淋灭火和消防炮灭火。
本发明还提供具有上述灭火系统的特高压换流站，包括若干组相互平行布置的单阀组换流变，每个单阀组换流变包括若干台等间隔布置的换流变，相邻换流变之间通过防火墙隔开，每个单阀组换流变后侧均平行的布置一个阀厅，还包括至少一个压缩空气泡沫产生子系统以及控制模块，所 述控制模块分别与所有压缩空气泡沫产生子系统连接，压缩空气泡沫产生子系统的出口与所有的第一消防管道的入口以及所有的第二消防管道的入口连通。
本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明提供的灭火系统，当某个换流变着火时，同时启动喷淋灭火系统和消防炮灭火系统，喷淋灭火系统为喷淋灭火且布置在换流变两侧的防火墙上，位于换流变的低端以及四周，实现全覆盖灭火，消防炮灭火系统的管道布置在换流变的高端且为消防炮灭火，实现对换流变重点部位压制灭火，两套灭火系统均作用于着火换流变，完全覆盖特高压换流变所有火灾特征行为，解决灭火系统现有设计的不足和缺陷，从而实现高效灭火和可靠灭火。
(2)本发明两套灭火系统的管道均与第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统连接，两套灭火介质产生子系统互为备用，单套灭火介质产生子系统故障，还能够通过另外一套系统对喷淋灭火系统以及消防炮灭火系统供泡，进行灭火，可靠性高。另外，两套灭火系统也互为备用，单套灭火系统也能覆盖灭火区域，单套灭火系统故障，还能够通过另外一套灭火系统进行灭火，可靠性高。
(3)由于换流变较低端容易发生火灾以及爆炸，所以喷淋管为抗爆喷淋管，其泡沫是通过远端的灭火介质产生子系统产生的，所以无需压力喷头产生泡沫，不需要设置压力喷头，泡沫直接通过喷淋管出口喷出，实现喷淋的效果。
(4)套管、套管升高座等为换流变薄弱部位，这些薄弱部位最有可能 先发生火灾以及爆炸，所以在套管以及套管升高座旁布置有喷淋管的竖管，喷淋管的竖管与升高座以及套管均相对地面垂直，喷淋管能够喷淋灭火介质，通过喷淋管的竖管加强对薄弱部位的火灾防护，提高灭火效能。
(5)两套灭火介质产生子系统分别设置在两个特高压换流站广场附近区域，相隔较远，当某个换流变着火时，系统动作时间存在一定区别，为了实现最佳灭火动作，当某个换流变着火时，离该换流变较近的灭火介质产生子系统优先给第一消防管道提供灭火介质，另一台离该换流变较远的灭火介质产生子系统给第二消防管道提供灭火介质；当第一灭火介质产生子系统和第二灭火介质产生子系统中某个灭火介质产生子系统发生故障时，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质输送到第一消防管道经喷淋管实现喷淋灭火效果，优先通过喷淋管对换流变四周进行灭火，可靠性强。明确系统响应时间，响应原则要求，避免给火灾发生初期发展创造条件。
(6)所述第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统布置在远离换流变所在区域的位置，灭火介质产生子系统远离可能的火灾发生地，发生火灾时，灭火介质产生子系统不会因火灾而损毁，即使发生爆炸导致消防管道终端破坏，灭火介质产生子系统还能产生灭火介质并通过管道将灭火介质输送到火灾发生处，进行灭火。
(7)采用了远近结合、高低结合的布置策略，近端和低端布置喷淋灭火系统，远端和高端布置消防炮灭火系统，实现综合立体灭火，同时消防炮位于高端不易爆炸，喷淋管虽然位于低端但本身具有抗爆性能，因此大大降低火灾高能爆炸冲击对换流变区域所有灭火系统都造成致命破坏的风 险。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统中单个换流变及其灭火设施布置示意图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统中单阀组换流变与阀厅组成的极及其灭火设施布置示意图；
图3为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统中特高压换流站及其灭火设施布置示意图；
图4为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统中单个换流变点面结合灭火示意图；
图5为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统的灭火流程示意图；
图6为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统的灭火流程A部分具体流程图；
图7为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统的灭火流程B部分具体流程图；
图8为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统中喷淋灭火系统的试验结果示意图；
图9为本发明实施例提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统中消防炮灭火系统的试验结果示意图。
其中，各标号代表的零件如下：
1、换流变 2、防火墙 3、阀厅 4、喷淋灭火系统
401、第一消防管道 402、喷淋管 5、消防炮灭火系统
501、第二消防管道 502、消防炮 6、第一灭火介质产生子系统
7、第二灭火介质产生子系统 8、控制模块 9、第一就地控制柜
10、第二就地控制柜 11、第一分区选择阀 12、第二分区选择阀
13、供泡主管选择阀 14、第一供泡管道 15、第二供泡管道
16、套管。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本实施例提供一种适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，如图1所示为单个换流变1及其灭火设施布置示意图，如图2为单阀组换流变100和阀厅3组成的极及其灭火设施布置示意图，如图3为特高压换流站及其灭火设施布置示意图，所述特高压换流站包括若干组相互平行布置的单阀组换流变100，每个单阀组换流变100包括若干台等间隔布置的换流变1，相邻换流变1之间通过防火墙2隔开，每个单阀组换流变100后侧均平行的布置一个阀厅3，单阀组换流变100与对应的阀厅3整体构成一个极，两个极为一组极，每组极包括高端阀组和低端阀组，同组极内的两个极之间镜像对称设置，相邻组极之间的低端阀组背靠背布置或者高端阀组背靠背设置，每台换流变1的阀厅侧套管伸入其对应的阀厅3内。如图3所示，本实施例 中，特高压换流站包括依次平行布置的四个极，分别是极1高端阀组200、极1低端阀组300、极2低端阀组400以及极2高端阀组500，极1高端阀组200和极1低端阀组300镜像对称设置，极2高端阀组和极2低端阀组400镜像对称设置，极1低端阀组300和极2低端阀组400背靠背设置，其中，每个单阀组换流变100具有6台换流变1，相邻换流变1之间由防火墙2隔开，等间距布置。
重点参阅图1、3和图4所示，所述适用于特高压换流站的灭火系统包括喷淋灭火系统4、消防炮灭火系统5、第一灭火介质产生子系统6、第二灭火介质产生子系统7以及控制模块8，所述喷淋灭火系统4包括第一消防管道401和喷淋管402，所述消防炮灭火系统5包括第二消防管道501和消防炮502。所述第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7均为压缩空气泡沫产生子系统，第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7输出的灭火介质均为压缩空气泡沫。所述第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7布置在远离换流变1所在区域的位置，一般分别布置在两个特高压换流站广场，第一灭火介质产生子系统6布置在极1广场，第二灭火介质产生子系统7布置在极2广场。灭火介质产生子系统远离可能的火灾发生地，发生火灾时，灭火介质产生子系统不会因火灾而损毁，即使发生爆炸导致爆炸点周围的部分消防管道终端破坏，灭火介质产生子系统还能产生灭火介质，并通过管道将灭火介质通过其他未被损坏的消防管道输送到火灾发生处，进行灭火。
所述特高压换流站内每个换流变1上方布置有第二消防管道501，每个换流变1四周均设有第一消防管道401，所述特高压换流站内每个换流变1 两侧的防火墙2正上方均布置有一个消防炮502，每个消防炮502与一路第二消防管道501连通，每个换流变1两侧的防火墙2上均设有喷淋管402，每个所述喷淋管402均与一路第一消防管道401连通，每个换流变1所在位置的消防炮502以及喷淋管402的出口均正对所述换流变1。所述控制模块8通过第一就地控制柜9与第一灭火介质产生子系统6连接，控制模块8通过第二就地控制柜10与第二灭火介质产生子系统7连接。第一灭火介质产生子系统6的出口与所有的第一消防管道401的入口以及所有的第二消防管道501的入口连通，第二灭火介质产生子系统7的出口与所有的第一消防管道401的入口以及所有的第二消防管道501的入口连通，第一灭火介质产生子系统6能够单独同时给第一消防管道401以及第二消防管道501供泡，第二灭火介质产生子系统7也能够单独同时给第一消防管道401以及第二消防管道501供泡，但实际应用中考虑到压缩空气泡沫的流量问题，一般是第一灭火介质产生子系统6给邻近的第一消防管道401供泡，第二灭火介质产生子系统7给第二消防管道501供泡，或者第二灭火介质产生子系统6给邻近的第一消防管道401供泡，第一灭火介质产生子系统7给第二消防管道501供泡。
所有单阀组换流变100靠近第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7的一端均设有第一分区选择阀11和第二分区选择阀12，所有第一消防管道401与其所在单阀组换流变100的第一分区选择阀11连接；消防炮502设置在每个阀厅3挑檐上正对防火墙2的位置，每个消防炮502分别通过第二消防管道501与一个第二分区选择阀12连接；所有第一分区选择阀11以及所有第二分区选择阀12均顺次通过供泡主管选择阀 13以及第一供泡管道14与第一灭火介质产生子系统6的出口连接；所有第一分区选择阀11以及所有第二分区选择阀12均顺次通过供泡主管选择阀13以及第二供泡管道15与第二灭火介质产生子系统7的出口连接。第一消防管道401出口连接喷淋管402，实现喷淋灭火，第二消防管道501的出口与消防炮502连接，实现消防炮502灭火。喷淋灭火系统4的消防管道布置在每个换流变1四周，对每个换流变1四周进行灭火，消防炮灭火系统5的消防管道布置在每个换流变1上方，从每个换流变1上方发射灭火介质进行压制灭火，两套灭火系统实现换流变1全区域完全覆盖，完全覆盖特高压换流变1的四周以及上方的所有火灾特征行为，同时两套灭火介质产生子系统互为备用，单套灭火介质产生子系统损坏，另一台灭火介质产生子系统能够继续提供灭火介质，系统可靠性高。
本实施例的灭火系统采用了远近结合、高低结合的布置策略，近端和低端布置压缩空气泡沫喷淋灭火系统4，即喷淋管402的横管与防火墙2侧面的第一消防管道401连通且横管具有若干个出口，远端和高端布置压缩空气泡沫消防炮灭火系统5，即每个阀厅3挑檐上正对防火墙2的位置均设有消防炮502，实现综合立体灭火，同时消防炮502位于高端不易爆炸，喷淋管402虽然位于低端但本身具有抗爆性能，抗爆性能在下面内容中会详细叙述，因此大大降低火灾高能爆炸冲击对换流变1区域所有灭火系统都造成致命破坏的风险。
如图1所示，每个所述换流变1中间部位设置有套管16以及套管升高座，所述套管16以及套管升高座旁布置有喷淋管402，所述喷淋管402为抗爆喷淋管402。喷淋管402为由横管和竖管组合而成的十字架形管道，竖 管与升高座以及套管16均相对地面垂直，横管与防火墙2侧面的第一消防管道401连通，且横管和竖管上均开设若干个开口。套管16、套管升高座等为换流变1薄弱部位，这些薄弱部位最有可能先发生火灾以及爆炸，所以在套管16以及套管升高座旁布置有喷淋管402，喷淋管402的竖管与升高座以及套管16均相对地面垂直，喷淋管402能够喷淋灭火介质，通过喷淋管402的竖管加强对薄弱部位的火灾防护，提高灭火效能。换流变1发生火灾以及爆炸后最先损伤的是距离换流变1最近的装置，即位于低端的喷淋管容易被炸坏，现有灭火系统中的喷淋管上设置的均是压力喷头，即由压力喷头将介质转换成泡沫喷出灭火，一旦喷淋管被炸坏，相应的喷头也被炸坏，则介质产生系统产生的介质通过喷淋管继续流出，但是因为无法被转换为泡沫，所以无法起到灭火的作用，同时介质的不断流出，也是对介质的浪费，本实施例的介质产生子系统布置在远端，并且第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7输出的灭火介质均为压缩空气泡沫，无需设置压力喷头将介质转换成泡沫，因此，即使喷淋管被炸坏，也不会导致灭火系统失效，第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7产生的压缩空气泡沫会继续通过管道出口喷淋到着火的部位，继续灭火。
所述换流变1四周设有降噪板(图未示)，降噪板以及换流变1整体位于两扇防火墙2之间，套管16以及套管升高座穿出降噪板位于换流变1中间正上方位置，位于防火墙2上的第一消防管道401穿过降噪板与横管连通且横管的若干个出口正对换流变1，竖管穿出降噪板与套管16以及套管16升高平行。降噪板能够有效消除换流变1的噪声。
本发明实施例1的工作过程为：如图5至图7所示，图中只是用火灾探测器探测火灾的发生，实际中，需要通过感温探测器、火焰探测器等进行火灾检测，单阀组换流变100本体并行独立布置两路缆式感温探测器(图未示)，第一感温探测器和第二感温探测器，每相换流变1周边防火墙2布置2台火焰探测器，分别为第一火焰探测器和第二火焰探测器。当第一火焰探测器发出动作信号，同时第一感温探测器发出动作信号，满足“三取二”条件时，组合报警系统发出声光报警信号。若仅火焰探测器或仅缆式感温探测器发出动作信号时，组合报警系统则不报警。同时，某相换流变1出现异常，单阀组换流变100的断路器开关发出响应动作，断路器开关分位，该阀组停电。声光报警信号、报警位置信号，断路器开关分位信号传输到主控模块8，主控模块8启动灭火系统。
以下以极1高低端阀组火灾为例来说明灭火的详细过程，当然，其他极发生火灾的处理方法类似。
当极1高低端阀组火灾，由于极1高低端阀组布置在极1广场，第一灭火介质产生子系统6也布置在极1广场，第一分区选择阀11以及第二分区选择阀12均通过管道与第一灭火介质产生子系统6连接，控制第一分区选择阀11以及第二分区选择阀12的启动来选择采用压缩空气泡沫喷淋灭火系统4还是压缩空气泡沫消防炮灭火系统5灭火，由于喷淋灭火响应比消防炮灭火快且覆盖面广，所以为了尽快灭火，一般都是优先选择喷淋灭火，同时选择管道路径短的灭火介质产生系统以节省更多的时间，所以主控模块通过第一就地控制柜9打开离着火阀组最近的第一灭火介质产生子系统6所连接的第一分区选择阀11，并且自动启动第一灭火介质产生子系 统6，由第一灭火介质产生子系统6给第一消防管道401供泡，与第一分区选择阀11连接的第一消防管道401通过喷淋管402出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。极1高低端阀组指的是极1高端阀组和极1低端阀组。
第二灭火介质产生子系统7位于极2广场，离极1高低端阀组较远，且消防炮502响应比喷淋管402响应慢，所以可以由第二灭火介质产生子系统7给消防炮502供泡实现消防炮502灭火，主控模块8通过第二就地控制柜10打开第二灭火介质产生子系统7所连接的第二分区选择阀12，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统7，与第二分区选择阀12连接的第二消防管道501通过消防炮502出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组消防炮502灭火。
同理，当极1高低端阀组没有火灾，则极2高低端阀组火灾，由于极2高低端阀组布置在极2广场，第二灭火介质产生子系统7也布置在极2广场，第二灭火介质产生子系统7离极2高低端阀组较近，所以通过第二灭火介质产生子系统7给第一消防管道401供泡，最短的管道路径以及最快的响应方式以达到节省灭火时间的目的，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜9打开离着极2高低端阀组最近的第二灭火介质产生子系统7所连接的第一分区选择阀11，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统7，与第一分区选择阀11连接的第一消防管道401通过喷淋管402出泡，实现对极2高低端阀组喷淋灭火。极2高低端阀组指的是极2高端阀组和极2低端阀组。
当极2高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜10打开第二灭火介质产生子系统7所连接的第二分区选择阀12，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统7，与第二分区选择阀12连接的第二消防管道501通过消 防炮502出泡，实现对极2高低端阀组消防炮502灭火。
需要说明的是，初始状态时，第一灭火介质产生子系统6与邻近的极1的第一消防管道401之间的阀为常闭状态，第二灭火介质产生子系统7与相隔较远的极1的第二消防管道501之间的阀为常闭状态；第二灭火介质产生子系统7与邻近的极2的第一消防管道401之间的阀为常闭状态，第一灭火介质产生子系统6与相隔较远的极2的第二消防管道501之间的阀为常闭状态；对于分区选择阀的启动以及灭火介质产生子系统的启动均可以采用远程手动启动或者就地手动启动。
综上所述，灭火过程为首先同时启动两套灭火系统，两套灭火介质产生子系统分别设置在两个特高压换流站广场附近区域，相隔较远，当某个换流变1着火时，系统动作时间存在一定区别，为了实现最佳灭火动作，当单阀组换流变100中某换流变1着火时，对于离着火换流变1最近的压缩空气泡沫产生子系统，通过控制阀室中的分区选择阀开闭状态，使该套压缩空气泡沫产生子系统提供的压缩空气泡沫优先供给该换流变1周围的第一消防管道401，使喷淋管402的横管释放压缩空气泡沫实现对换流变1全域覆盖，喷淋管402的竖管实现对套管16区域加强覆盖。同时，离着火换流变1较远的另一套压缩空气泡沫子系统通过分区选择阀室向位于阀厅3挑檐的消防炮502供给压缩空气泡沫，实现对换流变1火灾重点区域进行压制灭火。
如图3所示，对于全站4个单阀组换流变100共24台换流变1，位置跨度较大，会导致系统响应时间不同。为实现最大的灭火效能，不同位置换流变1着火系统的响应顺序存在一定区别。如图3所示，当极1高端阀 组200发生火灾时，离该极1高端阀组200较近的第一灭火介质产生子系统6优先向喷淋管402供泡，离该阀组较远的第二灭火介质产生子系统7则向消防炮502供泡。反之，当极2高端阀组500发生火灾时，离该极2高端阀组500较近的第二灭火介质产生子系统7优先向喷淋管402供泡，离该极2高端阀组500较远的第一灭火介质产生子系统6则向消防炮502释放装置供泡。
通过设置灭火原则，位于低端的喷淋管402进行换流变1全区域覆盖喷淋灭火，位于高端的消防炮502实现对重点部位的压制灭火，且控制模块8能够控制优先对位于较低端的换流变1四周进行灭火，实现点面结合灭火效能，灭火效能更高，灭火可靠性强。
为了进一步提高灭火效果，比如换流变1高端有出火点，但位于低端的喷淋管402无法将泡沫喷淋到高出火点，经预设时间间隔以后，控制模块8控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质还输送到第二消防管道501，第二消防管道501的出口位于换流变1上方的较高端，从第二消防管道501的出口发射灭火介质进行压制灭火。控制模块8也可以控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统同时输出泡沫到第一消防管道401以及第二消防管道501，但由于第二消防管道501连接的是消防炮502，其响应时间一般是5min，第一消防管道401连接的是喷淋管402，其响应时间一般是90s，所以两种终端释放装置是存在时延的，如果同时供泡的话，首先没有充足的泡沫供到第一消防管道401供喷淋使用，导致灭火反应时间延长，其次，即使同时供泡，由于消防炮502的响应时间限制，导致有泡但其并没有到发射的时间，此时段给消防炮502供泡属于资源和时间的浪 费，所以优先给位于低端的喷淋管402供充足的泡沫，不能能够减少压制火灾的时间还能够最大限度的覆盖火灾范围。当喷淋管402喷淋几分钟后，已经对火灾区域进行了长达几分钟的全范围覆盖灭火，此时到了消防炮502的响应时间，于是给消防炮502供泡，进一步压制灭火，使得灭火达到最佳效果
为验证本发明的灭火系统、灭火方法适用于特高压换流变火灾，开展了1:1全尺寸特高压换流变实体火试验，立体溢流火面积达100m 2以上，首先将变压器油温加热到150℃左右后点燃，待充分燃烧后，开启压缩空气泡沫灭火系统。分别独立开展了喷淋灭火系统4和消防炮灭火系统5，喷淋灭火系统4的试验结果如图8所示，喷淋灭火系统4的关键参数如表1所示，消防炮灭火系统5的试验结果如图9所示，消防炮灭火系统5的关键参数如表2所示。从图8中可以看出喷淋灭火系统4的灭火时间为180s，从图9中可以看消防炮灭火系统5的灭火时间为210s，喷淋灭火系统4比消防炮灭火系统5响应速度更快，两次独立性试验测试佐证了本发明提出的灭火系统、灭火方法是完全符合特高压换流站火灾灭火需求的。
表1 喷淋灭火系统的关键参数
Figure PCTCN2021100778-appb-000001
表2 消防炮灭火系统的关键参数
Figure PCTCN2021100778-appb-000002
通过以上技术方案，本发明实施例1提供的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，一套灭火系统的消防管道布置在每个换流变1四周，对每个换流变1四周进行灭火，另一套灭火系统的消防管道布置在每个换流变1上方，从每个换流变1上方发射灭火介质进行压制灭火，两套灭火系统实现换流变1全区域完全覆盖，完全覆盖特高压换流变1的四周以及上方的所有火灾特征行为，同时两套系统互为备用，单套灭火介质产生子系统损坏，另一台灭火介质产生子系统能够继续提供灭火介质，系统可靠性高。另外，本实施例的介质产生子系统布置在远端，并且第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7输出的灭火介质均为压缩空气泡沫，无需设置压力喷头将介质转换成泡沫，因此，即使喷淋管被炸坏，也不会导致灭火系统失效，第一灭火介质产生子系统6以及第二灭火介质产生子系统7产生的压缩空气泡沫会继续通过管道出口喷淋到着火的部位，继续灭火。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (22)

  1. 适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，包括至少一套喷淋灭火系统和至少一套消防炮灭火系统，所述每套喷淋灭火系统包括第一消防管道和喷淋管，所述每套消防炮灭火系统包括第二消防管道和消防炮，所述特高压换流站内每个换流变两侧的防火墙正上方均布置有至少一个消防炮，每个消防炮与一路第二消防管道连通，每个换流变两侧的防火墙上均设有至少一个喷淋管，每个所述喷淋管均与一路第一消防管道连通，每个换流变所在位置的消防炮以及第一消防管道喷淋管的出口均正对所述换流变。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，还包括第一灭火介质产生子系统、第二灭火介质产生子系统以及控制模块，所述控制模块分别与第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统连接，第一灭火介质产生子系统的出口与所有的第一消防管道的入口以及所有的第二消防管道的入口连通，第二灭火介质产生子系统的出口与所有的第一消防管道的入口以及所有的第二消防管道的入口连通。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述特高压换流站包括若干组相互平行布置的单阀组换流变，每个单阀组换流变包括若干台等间隔布置的换流变，相邻换流变之间通过防火墙隔开，每个单阀组换流变后侧均平行的布置一个阀厅，单阀组换流变与对应的阀厅整体构成一个极，两个极为一组极，每组极包括高端阀组和低端阀组，同组极内的两个极之间镜像对称设置，相邻组极之间的低端阀组背靠背布置或者高端阀组背靠背设置，每台换流变的阀厅侧套管伸入其对应的阀厅内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，所有单阀组换流变靠近第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统的一端均设有第一分区选择阀和第二分区选择阀，所有第一消防管道与其所在单阀组换流变的第一分区选择阀连接；消防炮设置在每个阀厅挑檐上正对防火墙的位置，每个消防炮分别通过第二消防管道与一个第二分区选择阀连接；所有第一分区选择阀以及所有第二分区选择阀均通过第一供泡管道与第一灭火介质产生子系统的出口连接；所有第一分区选择阀以及所有第二分区选择阀均通过第二供泡管道与第二灭火介质产生子系统的出口连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述喷淋管为抗爆喷淋管。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，喷淋管为由横管和竖管组合而成的十字架形管道，竖管与相对地面垂直，横管与防火墙侧面的第一消防管道连通，且横管竖管上均开设有若干个开口。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述换流变四周设有降噪板，降噪板以及换流变整体位于两扇防火墙之间，换流变的套管以及套管升高座穿出降噪板位于换流变中间正上方位置，位于防火墙上的第一消防管道穿过降噪板与横管连通且横管的若干个开口正对换流变，竖管穿出降噪板与套管以及套管升高平行。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统布置在远离换 流变所在区域的位置。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统，其特征在于，所述第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统均为压缩空气泡沫产生子系统，第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质均为压缩空气泡沫。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火系统的灭火方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括：
    当某个换流变着火时，同时启动喷淋灭火系统和消防炮灭火系统，喷淋灭火系统的第一消防管道的出口连接喷淋管，喷淋管的多个出口正对换流变的四周，实现喷淋灭火，且喷淋管位于换流变的低端以及侧面，实现全覆盖灭火，消防炮灭火系统的第二消防管道的出口连接消防炮，管道布置在换流变的高端且为消防炮灭火，实现对换流变重点部位压制灭火，两套灭火系统均作用于着火换流变，完全覆盖特高压换流变所有火灾特征行为。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    所述灭火系统还包括第一灭火介质产生子系统、第二灭火介质产生子系统以及控制模块，当某个换流变着火时，第一灭火介质产生子系统和第二灭火介质产生子系统中，控制模块控制离该换流变较近的灭火介质产生子系统优先给第一消防管道提供灭火介质，通过换流变两侧防火墙上喷淋管对着火换流变主体及四周进行全域灭火，另一台离该换流变较远的灭火介质产生子系统给第二消防管道提供灭火介质，第二消防管道的出口位于 换流变上方的较高端，从第二消防管道的出口发射灭火介质进行压制灭火。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，所述灭火系统还包括极1高低端阀组、第一就地控制柜、极2高低端阀组、第二就地控制柜、第一分区选择阀以及第二分区选择阀，第一消防管道与第一分区选择阀连接，第二消防管道与第二分区选择阀连接，第一分区选择阀以及第二分区选择阀均通过管道与第一灭火介质产生子系统以及第二灭火介质产生子系统连接，极1高低端阀组布置在极1广场，极2高低端阀组布置在极2广场；
    当极1高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜打开离着火阀组最近的第一灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第一灭火介质产生子系统，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，当极1高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜打开第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第二分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，与第二分区选择阀连接的第二消防管道通过消防炮出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组消防炮灭火。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，当极1高低端阀组没有火灾，则极2高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜打开离着极2高低端阀组最近的第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极2高低端阀组喷 淋灭火。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的适用特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，当极2高低端阀组火灾，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜打开第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第二分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，与第二分区选择阀连接的第二消防管道通过消防炮出泡，实现对极2高低端阀组消防炮灭火。
  16. 根据权利要求12所述的一种适用于特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    第一灭火介质产生子系统和第二灭火介质产生子系统中某个灭火介质产生子系统发生故障时，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质输送到第一消防管道，优先通过喷淋管对着火换流变进行灭火，实现全区域快速灭火。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的一种适用于特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，当极1高低端阀组火灾，第一灭火介质产生子系统出现故障不能工作，主控模块通过第二就地控制柜打开第二灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第二灭火介质产生子系统，第二灭火介质产生子系统向第一消防管道输送灭火介质，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
  18. 根据权利要求16所述的一种适用于特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，当极1高低端阀组火灾，第二灭火介质产生子系统出现故障不能工作，主控模块通过第一就地控制柜打开第一灭火介质产生子系统所连接的第一分区选择阀，并且自动启动第一灭火介质产生子系统，第一灭火介 质产生子系统向第一消防管道输送灭火介质，与第一分区选择阀连接的第一消防管道通过喷淋管出泡，实现对极1高低端阀组喷淋灭火。
  19. 根据权利要求17或18所述的一种适用于特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，所述方法还包括：
    经预设时间间隔以后，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质还输送到第二消防管道，第二消防管道的出口位于换流变上方的较高端，从第二消防管道的出口发射灭火介质进行压制灭火。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的一种适用于特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，所述预设时间间隔的取值范围为0～5min。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的一种适用于特高压换流站的灭火方法，其特征在于，当预设时间间隔为0时，控制模块控制能正常工作的灭火介质产生子系统输出的灭火介质同时输送到第一消防管道和第二消防管道，同时进行喷淋灭火和消防炮灭火。
  22. 具有权利要求1-9任一项所述灭火系统的特高压换流站，包括若干组相互平行布置的单阀组换流变，每个单阀组换流变包括若干台等间隔布置的换流变，相邻换流变之间通过防火墙隔开，每个单阀组换流变后侧均平行的布置一个阀厅，还包括至少一个压缩空气泡沫产生子系统以及控制模块，所述控制模块分别与所有压缩空气泡沫产生子系统连接，压缩空气泡沫产生子系统的出口与所有的第一消防管道的入口以及所有的第二消防管道的入口连通。
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