WO2021237766A1 - 一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法 - Google Patents

一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法 Download PDF

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WO2021237766A1
WO2021237766A1 PCT/CN2020/094110 CN2020094110W WO2021237766A1 WO 2021237766 A1 WO2021237766 A1 WO 2021237766A1 CN 2020094110 W CN2020094110 W CN 2020094110W WO 2021237766 A1 WO2021237766 A1 WO 2021237766A1
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pile
concrete
hole
diameter
bearing capacity
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PCT/CN2020/094110
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘清洁
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刘清洁
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
    • E02D15/04—Placing concrete in mould-pipes, pile tubes, bore-holes or narrow shafts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
    • E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/44—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds with enlarged footing or enlargements at the bottom of the pile
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/66—Mould-pipes or other moulds
    • E02D5/68—Mould-pipes or other moulds for making bulkheads or elements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of cast-in-place pile construction, in particular to a construction method for improving the bearing capacity of concrete cast-in-place piles.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for improving the bearing capacity of concrete cast-in-place piles, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, increase the bearing capacity of the pile end, and ensure the effective bearing capacity of a single pile; Short, good engineering quality control.
  • the present invention provides a construction method for improving the bearing capacity of concrete cast-in-place piles, which includes the following steps:
  • the hole forming method when a hole is formed at the pile site, can be a drilling type or a sinking pipe squeezing soil type; the diameter of the hole is The depth of the hole is 10m-90m.
  • the diameter of the adopted cylindrical weight is smaller than the inner diameter of the pile pipe, and the weight of the cylindrical weight is 2-15 tons.
  • the mixed material is cement soil or lime soil or dry hard concrete.
  • the hole bottom is filled with cement soil or lime soil or dry hard concrete in layers, and the filler is layered and compacted.
  • the bottom end of the hole is tamped and expanded by using a cylindrical weight to expand a cement soil or lime soil or dry hard concrete pile with a diameter larger than the hole diameter and a height conforming to the design.
  • the diameter of the pile is The length is 0.5m-18m.
  • the pile pipe diameter is The length of the pile pipe is 6m-80m.
  • the diameter of the concrete expansion head is
  • the slump of the poured concrete is 16 cm-24 cm.
  • the construction method for improving the bearing capacity of concrete cast-in-place piles in the present invention is mainly aimed at large-thickness collapsible loess and large-thickness miscellaneous fill backfilling sites, which can greatly increase the bearing capacity of pile ends, thereby reducing pile length and Pile diameter, in addition, due to the use of steel pile pipes for construction, it is possible to avoid hidden quality hazards caused by hole collapse and increase the difficulty and cost of construction.
  • the technology of the invention has the characteristics of low construction cost, high speed, easy quality control, and high single pile bearing capacity.
  • Figure 1 shows the concrete cast-in-place pile after construction
  • 1 concrete pouring pile 1 concrete pouring pile; 2 dry hard concrete expansion head; 3 mixed materials.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a construction method for improving the bearing capacity of concrete cast-in-place piles, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, increase the bearing capacity of the pile end, and ensure the effective bearing capacity of a single pile; Short, good engineering quality control.
  • the present invention provides a construction method for improving the bearing capacity of concrete cast-in-place piles, and the construction steps are as follows:
  • Holes are formed at the pile position, and the hole depth is the length of the design pile length of the concrete cast-in-place pile + the length of the mixed material pile construction.
  • the hole diameter is based on the design.
  • the hole forming method can be drilled or immersed pipe squeezing soil, the diameter of the hole is The depth of the hole is 10m-90m.
  • a special pile driver is used to hammer a steel pile pipe conforming to the designed pile diameter and length into the hole.
  • the bottom end of the pile pipe is in contact with the top surface of the mixed material pile 3.
  • the pile pipe diameter is The length of the pile pipe is 6m-80m.
  • the diameter of the cylindrical weight is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the pile pipe, and at the same time, it is ensured that the dry hard concrete can smoothly fall into the bottom end of the pile pipe from the gap between the cylindrical weight and the inner wall of the pile pipe.
  • the weight of the column weight is 2-15 tons, and the column weight can be towed by another lifting equipment during construction, or it can be towed by the same special pile driver.
  • step (3) a cylindrical weight is used to ram the bottom end of the hole to squeeze a pile with a diameter larger than the diameter of the cement soil or lime soil that meets the design height. Its diameter is The length is 0.5m-18m.
  • the use of column-shaped heavy hammers to compact the extruded mixed material pile 3 is a key step to improve the bearing capacity of the concrete cast-in-place pile 1.
  • the layered filler is then compacted, and its quality control is based on the amount of filler and the final number of strokes. The amount is the control standard, so as to ensure that the squeezed-out diameter of the pile body meets the design requirements, and the mixed material pile body 3 can be constructed before or after sinking into the pile pipe. Determined according to geological soil conditions. If there is a hole collapse, the pile pipe must be sinked first and then the mixed material pile 3 must be constructed.
  • geological soil stratification of a certain engineering is: 1 25-30 meters of mixed soil backfilled 2 50 meters of silty clay, and no groundwater is seen in the borehole.
  • the designed pile foundation scheme is 210 piles in total and the pile diameter is The length of the pile is 32 meters, and the bottom of the pile uses cement-soil with a volume ratio of 1:6 as the construction filler, a cylindrical weight of 4 tons, a drop distance of 8 meters, and an expansion diameter of 1500mm.
  • the length is 5 meters cement-soil pile.
  • the dry hard concrete expansion head 2 on the cement-soil pile has a diameter of 1500mm and a length of 1m.
  • the concrete strength of the cast-in-place pile is C30, and the main reinforcement of the steel cage is 6
  • the length of the steel cage is 32 meters, and the vertical ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile after construction is greater than 6000KN.
  • a drill is used to make a hole of 38 meters at the pile site;
  • the second step is to use a special pile driver to make a diameter of A steel pile pipe with a length of 34 meters is sunk into the hole by an electric vibrating hammer for 33 meters;
  • the third step is to use a special pile driver to change the diameter of a bottom end to A cylindrical weight with a height of 3 meters and a weight of 4 tons is put into the bottom end of the pile pipe and lifted by a hoist that pulls the weight hammer.
  • the soil layer at the bottom of the hole is repeatedly compacted.
  • the soil layer at the bottom of the hole settles by 1500mm, and the settlement amount of the last two strokes Less than 50mm;
  • the fourth step is to put cement soil with a volume ratio of 1:6 into the bottom of the hole, each time 2 cubic meters of material is added, the weight is lifted by 8 meters, continuous ramming 10 times, the pile diameter is expanded to 1500mm, and this is repeated 6 times. Finally, cement The actual length of the soil pile is 6.5 meters;
  • the fifth step is to put dry hard concrete into the pile pipe, each time 1 cubic meter of material is added, the pile pipe is lifted 500mm, and the dry hard concrete in the pile pipe is rammed out of the bottom end of the pile pipe with a heavy hammer. Repeat this two times. The bottom end of the tube is squeezed to a diameter of To expand the head 2 of dry hard concrete with a length of 1 meter, lift the cylindrical weight out of the pile pipe;
  • the sixth step is to place the steel cage in the pile pipe
  • the seventh step is to pour pile concrete into the pile pipe
  • the eighth step is to start the pile driver, pull out the pipe while vibrating, and the pile construction is completed.
  • This project puts into a special pile driver, the construction period is 32 days, after the static load test, the pressure is increased to 7000KN, the settlement of the pile is 15mm, and the various indicators meet the design requirements.
  • the technology of the present invention and the existing technology are estimated. 47% savings compared to cost.

Abstract

一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，主要针对大厚度湿陷性黄土和大厚度杂填土回填场地；可以大大提高桩端承载力，从而减少桩长和桩径，另外，由于施工采用钢桩管，从而可以避免塌孔造成质量隐患和增大施工难度和费用。本发明技术具有施工成本低、速度快、质量易控制、单桩承载力高的特点。

Description

一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及灌注桩施工技术领域，特别是涉及一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法。
背景技术
随着建设工程的不断发展，经常遇到大厚度的湿陷性黄土和大厚度的杂填土回填场地，特别是开山回填建设场地越来越多，而在这样的场地建设工业与民用建筑地基，其基础的处理非常困难，而且费用高，施工周期长，主要原因在于这种拟建场地的地质土对桩基会产生负向的摩擦力。如果采用现有技术钻孔灌注桩会存在两大缺点：一是桩的长度长，桩径大；二是施工产生塌孔现象，很难保证质量，从而大大提高工程费用和施工周期。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，提高了桩端承载力，并保证单桩的有效承载力；使工程费用降低、工期短、工程质量好控制。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了如下方案：本发明提供一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在桩位处成孔，成孔深度为桩身高度与混合材料施工高度的总和；
(2)利用一个柱形重锤对孔底实施反复夯实，使孔底土质密实；
(3)向孔底分层填充所述混合材料并夯实，直至混合材料的直径扩大且高度符合设计要求；
(4)采用打桩机将一个与设计桩径和长度相符合的钢桩管锤击至孔内，桩管底端位于所述混合材料的桩体顶面上；
(5)将柱形重锤放入所述桩管内，然后对所述混合材料的桩体顶面 夯实数次；
(6)向所述桩管内分次加干硬性混凝土，并分次采用柱形重锤对所述桩管内加入的干硬性混凝土进行夯实，使干硬性混凝土在所述桩管底端挤扩，形成一个混凝土扩大头，将柱形重锤提出桩管外；
(7)将钢筋笼放入所述桩管内；
(8)向所述桩管内灌注混凝土；
(9)混凝土灌注完毕后，缓慢拔出所述桩管，该桩施工完成。
进一步地，所述步骤(1)中，在桩位处成孔时，其成孔方法可采用钻孔式或沉管挤土式；孔的直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000001
孔的深度为10m-90m。
进一步地，采用的柱形重锤的直径比所述桩管的内径小，所述柱形重锤重量为2-15吨。
进一步地，所述混合材料为水泥土或灰土或干硬性混凝土，所述步骤(3)中，向孔底分层填充水泥土或灰土或干硬性混凝土，并对填料进行分层夯实。
进一步地，所述步骤(3)中，采用柱形重锤在孔底端经夯实挤扩一个直径大于孔径且高度符合设计的水泥土或灰土或干硬性混凝土桩体，该桩体的直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000002
长度为0.5m-18m。
进一步地，所述步骤(4)中，桩管直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000003
桩管长度为6m-80m。
进一步地，所述步骤(6)中，混凝土扩大头的直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000004
进一步地，所述步骤(8)中，灌注的混凝土的塌落度为16cm-24cm。
本发明相对于现有技术取得了以下技术效果：
本发明中提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，主要针对大厚度湿陷性黄土和大厚度杂填土回填场地而提供的一种施工方法，可以大大提高桩端承载力，从而减少桩长和桩径，另外，由于施工采用钢桩管，从而可以 避免塌孔造成质量隐患和增大施工难度和费用。本发明技术具有施工成本低、速度快、质量易控制、单桩承载力高的特点。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为施工完成后的混凝土灌注桩；
其中，1混凝土灌注桩；2干硬性混凝土扩大头；3混合材料。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明的目的是提供一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，以解决上述现有技术存在的问题，提高了桩端承载力，并保证单桩的有效承载力；使工程费用降低、工期短、工程质量好控制。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
如图1所示，本发明提供一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其施工步骤为：
(1)在桩位处成孔，成孔深度为混凝土灌注桩设计桩长+混合材料桩长施工的长度。成孔直径以设计为标准。成孔方法可以采用钻孔式或沉管挤土式，孔的直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000005
孔的深度为10m-90m。
(2)利用一个柱形重锤对孔底实施反复夯实，使孔底土质密实。
(3)向孔底分层填充混合材料，如水泥土、灰土、干硬性混凝土分层填料，分层夯实。直至混合材料桩体3直径扩大且高度符合设计要求，通常以柱形重锤提高一定高度连续夯击数次，最终夯沉量满足要求为准。
(4)采用专用打桩机将一个与设计桩径和长度相符合的钢桩管锤击至孔内。桩管底端与混合材料桩体3桩体顶面接触。桩管直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000006
桩管长度为6m-80m。
(5)将柱形重锤放入桩管内，先对混合材料桩体3夯实数次。
(6)向桩管内分次加干硬性混凝土，分次采用柱形重锤对桩管内干硬性混凝土夯实，使干硬性混凝土在桩管底端挤扩，形成一个干硬性混凝土扩大头2，施工混凝土扩大头时可以适当提高桩管，使干硬性混凝土向外挤扩。其中干硬性混凝土扩大头2的直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000007
(7)将钢筋笼放入桩管内。
(8)向桩管内灌注混凝土。混凝土塌落度为16cm-24cm，混凝土灌注量必须保证让桩管拔出后桩顶面符合设计桩顶标高。
(9)缓慢拔出桩管，该混凝土灌注桩1施工完成。
于本实施例中，采用的柱形重锤的直径略比桩管的内径小，同时保证让干硬性混凝土能顺利从柱形重锤与桩管内壁缝隙落入桩管底端。柱形重锤重量为2-15吨，施工时柱形重锤可用另外一台起升设备牵引，也可采用同一个专用打桩机牵引。
进一步地，于本实施例中，步骤(3)中采用柱形重锤在孔底端经夯实挤扩一个直径大于孔径高度符合设计的水泥土或灰土的桩体。其直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000008
长度为0.5m-18m，采用柱形重锤夯实挤扩混合材料桩体3是提高混凝土灌注桩1承载力的关键步骤，分层填料后夯实，其质量控制以填料量及最后数击夯沉量为控制标准，从而保证桩体的挤扩直径满足设计要求，混合材料桩体3可以在沉入桩管前或后施工。根据地质土条件而确定。若有塌孔现象必须先沉入桩管后施工混合材料桩体3。
实施例一
某工程地质土分层为：①杂土回填25-30米②粉质粘土50米，钻孔未见地下水。
在该场地拟建八栋三十层住宅楼，每栋楼地面积840平方米，设计桩基方案为，总桩数210根，桩径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000009
桩长32米，桩底端采用体积比1:6水泥土为施工填料，采用柱形重锤4吨，落距为8米，挤扩直径为1500mm。长度为5米水泥土桩。水泥土桩上面的干硬性混凝土扩大头 2直径为1500mm，长度为1m，灌注桩的混凝土强度为C30，钢筋笼主筋为6根
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000010
钢筋笼长度为32米，施工后单桩竖向极限承载力大于6000KN。
具体施工步骤：
第一步，在桩位处采用钻机成孔38米；
第二步，采用专用打桩机将一根直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000011
长度为34米的的钢桩管利用电振动锤沉入孔中33米；
第三步，采用专用打桩机将一个底端直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000012
高度为3米，重量为4吨的柱形重锤放入桩管底端，用牵引重锤的卷扬机提升，反复夯实孔底端的土层，孔底端土层沉降1500mm，最后两击沉降量小于50mm；
第四步，向孔底投入体积比为1:6的水泥土，每次投料2立方米，重锤提升8米，连续夯击10次，桩径扩至1500mm，如此反复6次，最后水泥土桩实际长度为6.5米；
第五步，向桩管内投入干硬性混凝土，每次投料1立方米量，桩管上提500mm，用重锤把桩管内的干硬性混凝土夯出桩管底端，如此反复二次，在桩管底端挤扩一个直径为
Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-000013
长度为1米的干硬性混凝土扩大头2，将柱形重锤提出桩管外；
第六步，向桩管内安放钢筋笼；
第七步，向桩管内灌注桩体混凝土；
第八步，开动打桩机，边振动边拔管，该桩施工完成。
本工程投入一台专用打桩机，施工周期32天，后经静载荷试验，压力加至7000KN，桩的沉降量为15mm，各项指标满足设计要求，经概算采用本发明技术与现有技术相比节约费用47％。
本发明中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明的思想，在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    (1)在桩位处成孔，成孔深度为桩身高度与混合材料施工高度的总和；
    (2)利用一个柱形重锤对孔底实施反复夯实，使孔底土质密实；
    (3)向孔底分层填充所述混合材料并夯实，直至混合材料的直径扩大且高度符合设计要求；
    (4)采用打桩机将一个与设计桩径和长度相符合的钢桩管锤击至孔内，桩管底端位于所述混合材料的桩体顶面上；
    (5)将柱形重锤放入所述桩管内，然后对所述混合材料的桩体顶面夯实数次；
    (6)向所述桩管内分次加干硬性混凝土，并分次采用柱形重锤对所述桩管内加入的干硬性混凝土进行夯实，使干硬性混凝土在所述桩管底端挤扩，形成一个混凝土扩大头，将柱形重锤提出桩管外；
    (7)将钢筋笼放入所述桩管内；
    (8)向所述桩管内灌注混凝土；
    (9)混凝土灌注完毕后，缓慢拔出所述桩管，该桩施工完成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(1)中，在桩位处成孔时，其成孔方法可采用钻孔式或沉管挤土式；孔的直径为
    Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-100001
    孔的深度为10m-90m。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特 征在于：采用的柱形重锤的直径比所述桩管的内径小，所述柱形重锤重量为2-15吨。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于：所述混合材料为水泥土或灰土或干硬性混凝土；所述步骤(3)中，向孔底分层填充水泥土或灰土或干硬性混凝土，并对分层填料进行分层夯实。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(3)中，采用柱形重锤在孔底端经夯实挤扩一个直径大于孔径且高度符合设计的水泥土或灰土或干硬性混凝土的桩体，该桩体的直径为
    Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-100002
    长度为0.5m-18m。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(4)中，桩管直径为
    Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-100003
    桩管长度为6m-80m。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(6)中，混凝土扩大头的直径为
    Figure PCTCN2020094110-appb-100004
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的提高混凝土灌注桩承载力的施工方法，其特征在于：所述步骤(8)中，灌注的混凝土的塌落度为16cm-24cm。
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