WO2021212832A1

WO2021212832A1 - Dropsonde and reconnaissance system

Info

Publication number: WO2021212832A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/132152
Authority: WO
Inventors: 洪韬; 洪昊晖; 赵京城; 钞旭
Original assignee: 北京航空航天大学
Priority date: 2020-04-22
Filing date: 2020-11-27
Publication date: 2021-10-28
Also published as: CN111487694B; CN111487694A

Abstract

A dropsonde and a reconnaissance system, relating to the field of altitude weather reconnaissance. The dropsonde (120) comprises: a first umbrella fabric (10); a main body part (20), being cylindrical and internally provided with a meteorological information acquisition and processing device (22); and a plurality of communication antennas (30), electrically connected to the meteorological information acquisition and processing device (22), a first end of each communication antenna (30) among the plurality of communication antennas (30) being movably connected to the periphery of the main body part (20) at equal intervals, and a second end of each of the plurality of communication antennas (30) being connected to the inner edge of the first umbrella surface (10) at equal intervals; once the dropsonde (120) is dropped, the plurality of communication antennas (30) are unfolded to the periphery by taking the main body part (20) as a center and are fixed at positions which form a first angle with the axis of the main body part (20), so as to support the first umbrella fabric (10). The dropsonde (120) can improve the wind resistance capability of the reconnaissance device, and can increase the data transmission distance of the reconnaissance device.

Description

Downward projection type detector and detection system

Cross-references to related applications

This application claims the priority of a Chinese invention patent application filed on April 22, 2020 with the application number 202010320367.7 and the invention title "A drop-down detector and detection system". The entire content of the above Chinese patent application is by reference Incorporated into this article.

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of high-altitude image detection, in particular to a downward projection type detector and a detection system.

Background technique

The drop detector is a single-use high-altitude imaging instrument, which is brought to a designated area by an aircraft (for example, a drone or an airship) before being released at a high altitude. After being released, the radiosonde is driven by a parachute to freely fall to the ground, thereby collecting meteorological information at different heights.

Figure 1 is a drop-down detector in the prior art. As shown in Figure 1, the existing down-projection detector is composed of a parachute 1, a vibration damping rope 2, a detector body 3, and a casing 4. After being put into operation, the parachute 1 is ejected from the casing 4 and opened, passing through the damping rope 2 It is connected with the main body 3 of the detector arranged inside the housing, thereby driving the detector to fall. The main body 3 of the sounder is provided with a weather information collection and processing device. When falling, the weather information collection and processing device collects weather information, and connects it through a communication antenna arranged in the barrel of the sounder housing 4 or attached to the outer wall of the barrel. The collected weather information is sent to the airborne receiving device.

For complex and harsh environments (such as typhoons) such as strong wind, rain and strong airflow, the airflow will perform high-speed and complex movements (drifting, turning, rotating, etc.). The existing sounder has weak wind resistance, and its use in a complex and harsh environment will cause rapid changes in the transmission channel, resulting in large attenuation and rapid fading, resulting in short data transmission distances.

Therefore, how to improve the wind resistance of the detector and increase the data transmission distance of the detector in a complex and harsh environment has become an urgent technical problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a drop detector and a detection system for collecting meteorological information in complex and harsh environments such as typhoons, which can solve the problem that the detector in the prior art has weak wind resistance and data transmission distance in complex and harsh environments. The problem.

In one aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a drop-down detector, the detector includes:

The first umbrella surface; the main body, in a cylindrical shape, is provided with a weather information acquisition and processing device; a plurality of communication antennas are electrically connected to the weather information acquisition and processing device, each of the plurality of communication antennas The first end of the communication antenna is movably connected to the outer circumference of the main body at the same interval, and the second ends of the plurality of communication antennas are connected to the inner edge of the first umbrella at the same interval; After the detector is put into operation, the plurality of communication antennas are spread out around the main body and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body to support the first umbrella surface.

In an implementation manner of this embodiment, the first angle is 90 degrees.

In an implementation manner of this embodiment, the communication antenna is a whip communication antenna.

In an implementation of this embodiment, the number of communication antennas is four.

In an implementation manner of this embodiment, the detector further includes:

The second umbrella surface is located on the lower side of the plurality of communication antennas relative to the first umbrella surface, the first edge of the second umbrella surface is connected with the outer circumference of the main body, and the second umbrella surface The second edge is connected with the inner edge of the first umbrella surface connected with the communication antenna, and the second umbrella surface is provided with an air inlet.

In an implementation of this embodiment, the shell of the main body is a sealed cylinder composed of light materials, and the cylinder is filled with helium gas.

In an implementation of this embodiment, the meteorological information collection and processing device is used to obtain current meteorological information, which includes: an information obtaining unit for obtaining meteorological information and navigation information; and a data processing unit for obtaining The weather information and navigation information are processed. The data transmitting unit is used to transmit the processed information to the airborne receiving device through the communication antenna.

In an implementation manner of this embodiment, the data transmitting unit is used to modulate the information processed by the data processing unit through space-time diversity differential Chrip technology.

On the other hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a drop detection system, the detection system includes:

The airborne receiving equipment mounted on the aircraft, and the drop detectors described in the above-mentioned embodiments dropped at different positions.

In an implementation of this embodiment, before launching, the multiple down-projection detectors are respectively stored in their respective housings and loaded in the launching bin of the aircraft, and the multiple communication antennas are fixed to the The axis of the main body is at a second angle; when the aircraft flies to a plurality of predetermined positions, the plurality of down-projection detectors are respectively released; after being released, the down-projection detector is removed from the housing Pops up, the plurality of communication antennas are spread out around the main body part and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body part, and the supporting function of the first umbrella surface on the communication antenna and Unfolded under the action of wind.

Compared with the prior art, the downward projection detector and detection system provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial technical effects:

The invention uses the communication antenna as the keel of the parachute of the detector, which can improve the wind resistance of the detector and increase the data transmission distance of the detector.

Description of the drawings

In order to explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the prior art or the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. Embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative work, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a downward projection detector in the prior art;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a downward projection detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the downward projection detector shown in Fig. 2 in the A-A direction;

Fig. 4A is a schematic diagram of the downward projection detector shown in Fig. 2 in a breeze state;

Fig. 4B is a schematic diagram of the down-projection detector shown in Fig. 2 in a strong wind state;

5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main body of the down-projection detector shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram of modules of the meteorological information collection and processing device of the downward projection detector shown in FIG. 2;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a downward projection detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a downward projection detection system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, various aspects of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following various embodiments are only used for illustration, and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the downward projection detector according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the downward projection detector shown in Figure 2 in the AA direction, and Figure 4A is the downward projection detector shown in Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the instrument in a breeze state; FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the down-projection detector shown in FIG. 2 in a strong wind state. Referring to Figures 2, 3, 4A, and 4B, the downward projection detector of this embodiment includes a first umbrella surface 10, a main body 20, and multiple communication antennas 30, which are used to collect typhoons and other complex and harsh environments Weather information under. The descriptions are made separately below.

The first canopy surface 10 is a parachute canopy surface, which can be circular when unfolded, and is used to drive the detector to fall.

The main body 20 has a cylindrical shape, and a weather information collection and processing device is installed inside it.

A plurality of communication antennas 30 are electrically connected to the weather information collection and processing device, and the first end of each communication antenna of the plurality of communication antennas is movably connected to the outer periphery of the main body at the same interval, The second ends of the plurality of communication antennas are connected to the inner edge of the first umbrella surface at the same interval.

After the detector is put into use, the plurality of communication antennas 30 are spread out around the main body portion 20 and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body portion to support the first umbrella面10。 Face 10.

Specifically, the communication antenna 30 may be a rod antenna, which is made of elastic metal material. In a breeze state, the communication antenna 30 is in a straight rod shape. With the pull of 10, the communication antenna 30 can be slightly deformed. After the probe is put into operation, the multiple communication antennas 30 can be deployed around the main body 20 as the center and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body (ie, the central axis of the cylindrical main body 20) Therefore, the plurality of communication antennas 30 can be used as the keel of the first canopy 10 to support the first canopy 10 after being unfolded.

The detector of this embodiment uses the communication antenna as the keel of the parachute (that is, the first umbrella surface), which can improve the wind resistance of the detector and increase the data transmission distance of the detector. When the sounder is deployed, the communication antenna can be deployed to drive the parachute to open quickly. Compared with the prior art purely relying on wind to open the parachute, the parachute of this embodiment can reach the maximum deployment area in a shorter time. , It opens more quickly and stably. Moreover, compared with the prior art where the communication antenna is arranged in the barrel of the detector housing or attached to the outer wall of the barrel, this embodiment can also avoid the shielding effect of the detector housing on the communication antenna.

The size of the first angle formed by the axis of the communication antenna 30 and the main body portion 20 determines the unfolded area of the first umbrella surface 10. In order to increase the deployment area of the parachute and increase the floating time of the detector so as to collect more meteorological information, the first angle of this embodiment is preferably 90 degrees, that is, the multiple communication antennas 30 are centered on the main body. Expanded radially to a position perpendicular to the axis of the main body. Of course, in other embodiments, the first angle can also be set to other suitable angles, for example, 60 degrees, 70 degrees, 80 degrees, and so on.

In order to further increase the distance of data transmission, it is usually necessary to increase the communication antenna to increase the antenna gain. If you increase the antenna, you will inevitably need to increase the size of the detector housing, thereby increasing the overall weight of the detector. In the context of the large-scale deployment of detectors, the increase in the overall weight of the detector will increase the load-bearing pressure of the aircraft loaded with the detector, reducing the number of detectors that can be loaded by the detector.

In order to increase the antenna gain without increasing the overall weight of the sounder, thereby further increasing the data transmission distance of the sounder, in an implementation of this embodiment, the communication antenna 30 is preferably a whip-shaped communication antenna.

The whip communication antenna is a telescopic rod antenna, and its structure can be a rod type, a rod type or a snake-bone type. Before launching, the whip-shaped communication antenna can be shortened, so that the entire down-projection detector is housed in a smaller detector housing. After being placed, the down-projection detector can be ejected from the detector housing and separated from the detector housing. , The whip-shaped communication antenna can be rapidly extended and radiated to the surroundings with the main body 20 as the center, so that the first umbrella surface 10 can be rapidly deployed.

The length of the whip-shaped communication antenna in the foregoing implementation is not limited by the size of the detector housing, and the length of the communication antenna can be set longer (for example, more than three times the housing) without increasing the overall weight of the detector. Higher antenna gain, thereby increasing the data transmission distance. Moreover, the increase in antenna gain is also conducive to reducing transmission power consumption, prolonging the use time of the power supply battery, thereby extending the working time of the detector. In addition, setting the communication antenna longer can also further increase the area of the parachute, thereby increasing the floating time of the detector.

The weight of the communication antenna itself will also put a load on the aircraft and shorten the floating time of the detector. Taking into account the weight and wind resistance of the detector, in an implementation of this embodiment, the number of "multiple" of the multiple communication antennas is preferably four. At this time, the four communication antennas are the main body The part 20 radiates from the center to the surroundings and has a cross structure. Of course, in other embodiments, more communication antennas (for example, more than 4) may be used. In addition, in other embodiments, fewer communication antennas (for example, less than 4) may be used.

The main body part 20 is the main part of the sounding instrument. It is provided with a weather information collection and processing device for collecting weather information, and sends the collected weather information to the airborne receiving device through the communication antenna 30. Detailed description.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the main body 20 may include a main body housing 21 and a weather information collection and processing device 22. The weather information collection and processing device 22 is provided inside the main body housing 21 for collecting and processing weather information.

As shown in FIG. 5B, the weather information collection and processing device 22 may specifically include an information acquisition unit 221 for acquiring weather information and navigation information, a data processing unit 222 for processing the acquired weather information and navigation information, and a data processing unit 222 for processing the acquired weather information and navigation information. The processed information is sent to the data transmitting unit 223 of the airborne receiving device through the communication antenna 30.

The information acquisition unit 221 may include sensing elements such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and pressure sensors that can adapt to a sudden change from the cabin to the air to collect meteorological information such as temperature, humidity, and pressure, and the information acquisition unit 221 may also include navigation Positioning module to obtain navigation information.

The data processing unit 222 may further process the information obtained by the information obtaining unit 221, for example, it may calculate the wind vector information according to the navigation information and the corresponding mathematical model, and process the information obtained by the information obtaining unit and the calculated information into compliance with the design. Determine the data format of the communication protocol, etc.

The data transmitting unit 223 may modulate the data obtained after processing by the data processing unit 222 to transmit the data through the communication antenna 30.

The drop detector described in this embodiment is used to collect weather information in complex and harsh environments such as typhoons. In the complex and harsh environments, the communication channel is undergoing rapid changes, which will cause rapid fading and rapid time changes. In order to reduce the effects of fast fading and fast time-varying, in conjunction with the communication antenna 30, the data transmitting unit 223 in this embodiment can adopt the space-time diversity differential Chirp technology that combines differential modulation and Chirp spreading, and adopts multiple space-time diversity techniques in the space domain. The antenna mechanism obtains spatial diversity; divides multiple frequency channels in the frequency domain to realize multi-user differentiation, and each user occupies a sub-band exclusively.

Specifically, the data transmitting unit 223 may first perform differential encoding on the original data, and then map the differentially encoded data into PSK/QAM symbols to achieve differential modulation, and finally perform Chirp spreading processing on the differentially modulated data, and then process the data. The latter data is sent to the airborne receiving device via the communication antenna 30.

After the airborne receiving device receives the data sent by the detector, it can perform de-differential processing on the received noisy differential PSK/QAM symbols to obtain noisy PSK/QAM symbols. Then, the noisy PSK/QAM symbols are combined with space diversity and time diversity to obtain diversity gain. Finally, symbol judgment is performed to recover the collected meteorological information.

The data sending unit in this embodiment uses space-time diversity differential Chrip technology to modulate data, which can further combat fast fading and fast time variation from the software level, thereby increasing the received signal-to-noise ratio and improving the robustness of data transmission.

The main body housing 21 has a cylindrical structure and is used for loading the weather information collection and processing device 22. Considering the load capacity of the aircraft, the diameter of the main body shell 21 is preferably less than 200 mm, and the length is preferably less than 350 mm.

In order to further increase the floating time of the detector, the main body housing 21 can be set as a sealed cylinder composed of light materials (for example, aerogel or graphene), and the cylinder can be filled with helium to ensure Increase the floating time of the detector while using the intensity.

In an implementation of this embodiment, the inner circumference of the main body shell 21 may be pasted with a black heat-preserving material to reduce the influence of light reflection on components (such as sensors) in the meteorological information collection and processing device. A white ABS engineering plastic bracket seat can be arranged inside the main body shell 21 to support the weather information collection and processing device, thereby further reducing the influence of long-wave radiation on the components (such as sensors) and circuits in the weather information collection and processing device 22.

In an implementation of this embodiment, the weather information acquisition and processing device 22 and the circuits and components in the device are all fixedly installed, and the key weak pins are further fixed by glue coating to avoid drones. Or the impact of the vibration of the airship on the detector or the impact of the impact on the detector during launch.

Example 2

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a downward projection detector according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. 6, the down-projection detector of this embodiment is used to collect weather information in complex and harsh environments such as typhoons. It includes only the first umbrella surface 10, the main body 20, and the multiple communication antennas 30 described in Embodiment 1. In addition, it also includes a second umbrella surface 40.

The second umbrella surface 40 is located on the lower side of the multiple communication antennas 30 relative to the first umbrella surface 10, that is, the first umbrella surface 10 is located on the upper side of the multiple communication antennas 30, and the second umbrella surface 40 is located on the lower side of the multiple communication antennas 30. Down side. One edge of the second umbrella surface 40 is connected to the outer periphery of the main body portion 20, and the other edge of the second umbrella surface is connected to the inner edge of the first umbrella surface connected to the communication antenna 30, thereby wrapping a plurality of communication antennas in the first umbrella. In the cavity formed by the surface 10 (upper umbrella surface) and the second umbrella surface 40 (lower umbrella surface). An air inlet may be provided on the second parachute surface. After being released, the parachute composed of the first parachute surface 10 and the second parachute surface 40 can be quickly filled with air rushing in from the air inlet, thereby driving the detector to fall.

The first umbrella surface 10 (upper umbrella surface) and the second umbrella surface 40 (lower umbrella surface) provided in this embodiment can wrap multiple communication antennas to further enhance wind resistance and prevent strong winds from affecting the communication antennas.

Example 3

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a downward projection detection system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the drop detection system includes an airborne receiving device 110 mounted on an aircraft, and a plurality of drop detection devices 120 described in Embodiment 1 or 2 placed at different positions.

The down-projection detection system described in this embodiment can obtain meteorological information at multiple levels and different heights through multiple down-projection detectors 120, so as to obtain meteorological information from multiple dimensions, and realize continuous fine detection with a large-scale grid. .

Before launching, multiple drop-down detectors 120 can be respectively stored in their respective housings and loaded in the launching bin of the aircraft, wherein, when stored in the housing of the detector, the multiple communication antennas are fixed in the same The axis of the main body is at a second angle, and the second angle is preferably 0 degrees, that is, a plurality of communication antennas are retracted in the housing with the main body as the center.

Then, the aircraft flies to the target area, and each drop-down detector 120 is dropped at each predetermined position. After dropping, the down-projection detector 120 pops out of its housing, and its multiple communication antennas are spread out around the main body and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body, thereby driving the detector The parachute canopy surface (the first canopy surface, or the first canopy surface and the second canopy surface) quickly expand to the maximum area.

The downward projection detection system provided in this embodiment can acquire meteorological information at multiple locations and multiple altitudes in the target area, and realize networked fine detection.

The present invention has been described above in conjunction with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments are only exemplary and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications without departing from the essence of the present invention. Change or replace. Therefore, various equivalent changes made in accordance with the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

A downward projection detector, characterized in that the detector includes:

First canopy

The main body is cylindrical, and a weather information collection and processing device is installed inside it;

A plurality of communication antennas are electrically connected to the weather information collection and processing device, and the first end of each communication antenna of the plurality of communication antennas is movably connected to the outer periphery of the main body at the same interval, so The second ends of the plurality of communication antennas are connected to the inner edge of the first umbrella surface at the same interval;

After the detector is put into use, the plurality of communication antennas are spread out around the main body and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body to support the first umbrella surface.
The detector according to claim 1, wherein the first angle is 90 degrees.
The detector according to claim 1, wherein the communication antenna is a whip-shaped communication antenna.
The detector according to claim 1, wherein the number of said communication antennas is four.
The detector of claim 1, wherein the detector further comprises:

The second umbrella surface is located on the lower side of the plurality of communication antennas relative to the first umbrella surface, the first edge of the second umbrella surface is connected with the outer circumference of the main body, and the second umbrella surface The second edge is connected with the inner edge of the first umbrella surface connected with the communication antenna, and the second umbrella surface is provided with an air inlet.
The detector according to claim 1, wherein the outer shell of the main body is a sealed cylinder composed of light materials, and the inside of the cylinder is filled with helium gas.
The sounding instrument according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the meteorological information collection and processing device is used to obtain current meteorological information, which comprises:

Information acquisition unit for acquiring weather information and navigation information;

The data processing unit is used to process the acquired weather information and navigation information.

The data transmitting unit is used to transmit the processed information to the airborne receiving device through the communication antenna.
8. The detector according to claim 7, wherein the data transmitting unit is used to modulate the information processed by the data processing unit through space-time diversity differential Chrip technology.
A drop detection system, characterized in that, the detection system includes:

Onboard receiving equipment mounted on the aircraft, and

A plurality of down-projection detectors according to any one of claims 1-8 placed at different positions.
The system according to claim 9, wherein:

Before launching, the multiple down-projection detectors are respectively housed in their respective casings and loaded in the launching bin of the aircraft, and the multiple communication antennas are fixed at a position at a second angle to the axis of the main body;

When the aircraft flies to a plurality of predetermined positions, drop the plurality of drop-down detectors respectively;

After being dropped, the down-projection detector pops out from the housing, and the plurality of communication antennas are spread out around the main body and fixed at a position at a first angle to the axis of the main body. The first umbrella surface is deployed under the supporting effect of the communication antenna and the effect of wind.