WO2021208161A1 - 一种花生全流程生产线及方法 - Google Patents

一种花生全流程生产线及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021208161A1
WO2021208161A1 PCT/CN2020/089378 CN2020089378W WO2021208161A1 WO 2021208161 A1 WO2021208161 A1 WO 2021208161A1 CN 2020089378 W CN2020089378 W CN 2020089378W WO 2021208161 A1 WO2021208161 A1 WO 2021208161A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
peanut
grading
screening
crushing
red
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PCT/CN2020/089378
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘明政
李长河
李心平
刘向东
杨会民
张彦彬
王晓铭
侯亚丽
Original Assignee
青岛理工大学
新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所
河南科技大学
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Application filed by 青岛理工大学, 新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所, 河南科技大学 filed Critical 青岛理工大学
Priority to US17/600,331 priority Critical patent/US20220312821A1/en
Publication of WO2021208161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021208161A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/08635A priority patent/ZA202108635B/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23NMACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N12/00Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
    • A23N12/08Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23NMACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N5/00Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
    • A23N5/002Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for skinning nut kernels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23NMACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N5/00Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts
    • A23N5/01Machines for hulling, husking or cracking nuts for peanuts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C11/00Other auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for grain mills
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02CCRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C9/00Other milling methods or mills specially adapted for grain
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/04Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles
    • B65B1/06Methods of, or means for, filling the material into the containers or receptacles by gravity flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/20Reducing volume of filled material
    • B65B1/22Reducing volume of filled material by vibration
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/20Reducing volume of filled material
    • B65B1/24Reducing volume of filled material by mechanical compression
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B1/00Packaging fluent solid material, e.g. powders, granular or loose fibrous material, loose masses of small articles, in individual containers or receptacles, e.g. bags, sacks, boxes, cartons, cans, or jars
    • B65B1/30Devices or methods for controlling or determining the quantity or quality or the material fed or filled
    • B65B1/32Devices or methods for controlling or determining the quantity or quality or the material fed or filled by weighing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B39/00Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers
    • B65B39/06Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers adapted to support containers or wrappers
    • B65B39/08Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers adapted to support containers or wrappers by means of clamps
    • B65B39/10Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers adapted to support containers or wrappers by means of clamps operating automatically
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65BMACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B39/00Nozzles, funnels or guides for introducing articles or materials into containers or wrappers
    • B65B2039/008Strainer means

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of agricultural product processing, and specifically relates to a peanut full-process production line and method.
  • Peanuts are also known as longevity fruit, also known as groundnuts.
  • longevity fruit also known as groundnuts.
  • the processing and utilization of peanuts and market demand in countries all over the world are constantly changing. The general trend is that the amount of peanut processing and market demand continues to increase.
  • the present disclosure proposes a peanut full-process production line and method.
  • the present disclosure integrates peanut cleaning and impurity removal, peanut shell breaking, peanut red coat removal, peanut kernel grading, peanut shell superfine crushing and peanut shell superfine powder
  • the functions of grading and packaging are integrated, which can complete the effective processing and utilization of various parts of peanuts, until the formation of peanut kernels, peanut red coat, and peanut shell ultra-fine powder, making full use of peanut resources.
  • the present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a full-process peanut production line and method including a peanut cleaning system, a shelling system, a red coat removing system, a peanut kernel grading system, an ultrafine grinding system, and a grading packaging system, including:
  • the peanut cleaning system includes a feed port and a vibrating screening device, and the vibrating screening device has at least a first discharge port for outputting peanut pods and a second discharge port for outputting impurities;
  • the shell breaking system includes a spiral shell breaking device, the shell breaking system is connected with the first discharge port through a first transmission mechanism, the shell breaking system has at least two discharge ports, and the third discharge port is used for output For peanuts with red coats, the fourth outlet is used to output peanut shells;
  • a second transmission mechanism is provided between the red clothing removing system and the third discharge port;
  • the peanut kernel grading system includes a first feeding device and a conveying and screening device, and the first feeding device is connected to the output port of the red clothing removing system;
  • the ultrafine pulverization system includes a second feeding device, a pulverizing device, and a grading device that are sequentially distributed, and the second feeding device is connected to the fourth discharge port;
  • the grading and packaging system receives the peanut shell ultrafine powder processed by the ultrafine pulverization system, and is configured to screen and package the peanut shell ultrafine powder.
  • the above-mentioned production line carries out peanut cleaning and impurity removal, peanut shell breaking, peanut kernels to red coat and peanut hull superfine crushing.
  • the peanut kernels after the red coat are classified, and the peanut hulls are superfine.
  • the powder graded packaging has completed the whole process of peanut processing, making full use of peanut resources.
  • the peanut cleaning system includes a first feeding device, a winnowing device, and a vibrating screening device that are sequentially distributed, and the first feeding device intermittently feeds materials to the winnowing device;
  • the air separation device performs negative pressure adsorption on the light impurities in the material during the process of the material sliding down onto the vibrating screening device by gravity;
  • the vibrating screening device includes a multi-stage screen and a vibrating motor with two rotating shafts at a certain angle.
  • the multi-stage screen is vibrated as a multi-rotation as a whole, and the multi-stage screens are installed at different angles.
  • the spiral shell breaking device includes a spiral shell breaking rotor, the spiral shell breaking rotor is provided with a grid bar, the distance between the spiral shell breaking rotor and the grid bar is adjustable, and the spiral shell breaking rotor is arranged in the distance Module, the spiral shell breaking module is used to squeeze and break peanuts.
  • the output end of the spiral shell breaking device is provided with a first negative pressure adsorption device, and the first negative pressure adsorption device is used to adsorb the peanut shells on the horizontal conveyor belt to separate the peanut kernels and the peanut shells.
  • the peanut kernel grading system further includes a cleaning device
  • the conveying and screening device includes a conveying and sieving drum, which is composed of at least two drums of equal diameter; each drum is uniformly surrounded by a number of round pipes.
  • the gap between the tubes of each roller is different; the roller near the feed inlet is the first roller, and the gap between the tubes is the smallest, and the gap between the tubes of the subsequent rollers is increased step by step compared with that of the previous rollers. Big;
  • the cleaning device is arranged above the conveying and screening device; the cleaning device is in contact with the conveying and screening drum and beats to realize the cleaning of the conveying and screening drum.
  • the ultrafine pulverization system includes a second feeding device, a primary pulverization device, a secondary pulverization device, and a classification device, wherein:
  • the second feeding device includes a feeding pipeline and a rotating part arranged in the feeding pipeline, and the rotating part is connected with the first driving mechanism;
  • the feed port of the primary crushing device is connected to the end of the feeding device.
  • the primary crushing device includes a crushing turntable and an inner liner arranged on the outside of the crushing turntable. A plurality of inclined impact crushing blades are arranged on the crushing turntable. , The crushing turntable is connected with the second driving mechanism;
  • the secondary crushing device is arranged on the upper side of the primary crushing device and has a crushing chamber.
  • a plurality of nozzles are distributed around the crushing chamber, and the center lines of the nozzles can meet at the same point;
  • the grading device includes a grading drum, the grading drum is in communication with the pulverizing chamber and is located above the pulverizing chamber, a turbine grading rotor is arranged in the grading drum, and a plurality of grading blades are arranged on the circumference of the turbine grading rotor.
  • the grading rotor is connected with the third driving mechanism.
  • the inner wall of the primary crushing device is provided with an inner liner plate, and a plurality of arc-shaped grooves are provided on the inner edge of the inner liner plate, between adjacent arc-shaped grooves;
  • the inner wall of the secondary crushing device is provided with an inner liner, and the surface of the inner liner is sawtooth;
  • the grading device is a centrifugal turbine grading device, which includes a grading drum, a turbine grading rotor arranged in the grading drum, and a drive mechanism.
  • a plurality of grading blades are evenly distributed on the circumference of the turbine grading rotor, and the turbine grading rotor is connected to the drive mechanism through a closed shaft system.
  • a discharge port is set above the grading cylinder.
  • the screening device of the grading packaging system includes a grading cavity
  • the grading cavity includes a cylindrical portion and a cone portion on the lower side of the cylindrical portion, the air inlet and the air inlet are symmetrically and tangentially arranged In the middle position of the cylindrical portion, a cylindrical sieve grading cavity coaxial with the cylindrical portion is provided in the cylindrical portion, and a grading impeller coaxial with the cylindrical portion is provided in the sieve grading cavity;
  • the weighing mechanism is used for weighing the classified fine powder
  • the compacting mechanism is used for bagging and tapping the weighed micropowder.
  • the red clothing removing system includes an air explosion device, a toggle device, a drying device, and a second negative pressure adsorption device;
  • the air explosion device receives the delivered peanut material to be removed from the red coat, and is configured to explode it under the action of the pressure difference to complete the initial separation of the peanut kernel from the peanut red coat;
  • the said toggle device toggles the initially separated peanut kernels and peanut red clothes into the drying device
  • the drying device compresses the outside air to heat up, transfers heat through hot air, and heats and drys the peanut kernels and peanut kernels that are initially separated, so that the peanut kernels and the peanut kernels are fully separated;
  • the second negative pressure adsorption device separately collects fully separated peanut kernels and red clothes with different density and quality through a negative pressure adsorption method.
  • a full-process production method for peanuts peanuts are cleaned and impurity removed, peanuts are broken, peanut kernels are removed from red coats, and peanut hulls are superfinely crushed, the peanut kernels after the red coats are removed, and the peanut hull superfine powder is classified and packaged.
  • peanut cleaning and impurity removal and peanut shell breaking are carried out in sequence.
  • Peanut kernels are removed from red coats and peanut kernels are graded in sequence.
  • Peanut shell ultrafine crushing and peanut shell ultrafine powder grading and packaging are also carried out. It is carried out sequentially, but the processing of peanut shells and peanut kernels can be carried out sequentially, or separately and simultaneously.
  • a peanut full-process production line of the present disclosure The adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system controls the feeding speed of the lifting hopper by controlling the speed of the stepping motor to realize intermittent feeding; the air separation design based on the principle of Laval tube Adsorption device, in the process of material sliding from the slide to the screen under the action of gravity, negative pressure adsorption of light impurities such as dry stems and leaves in the material; the screening device is driven by a vibrating motor, and a three-layer screen is designed. Different installation angles are adopted.
  • the screens are connected by springs to buffer the vibration of each layer of screens. The whole screen is connected to the first frame through the bottom spring to provide a fixed support point for vibration. The screens are set between each layer. Discharge ports in different positions.
  • the spiral peanut shelling system is combined with a feeding conveyor belt and a controllable hopper to realize the quantitative transportation of peanuts and achieve the purpose of efficient and accurate feeding; the spiral shell-breaking rotor and the square grid are used In cooperation, the peanuts are screwed and squeezed to break the shells; the conveyor belt and the first negative pressure adsorption device are used to sort the peanut shells and peanut kernels.
  • a peanut full-process production line of the present disclosure The gas explosion principle and negative pressure adsorption type peanut kernel removing red coat system.
  • peanut and red coat intelligent separation device system By designing a gas explosion method peanut and red coat intelligent separation device system, the peanut kernel and peanut red coat are not damaged.
  • the combination of physical and mechanical methods is used to separate the peanut kernels from the peanut red coat, and the materials can be collected, which can effectively separate the peanut kernels from the red coat and minimize the damage to the peanuts.
  • the impact of kernel and peanut red coat quality is used to separate the peanut kernels from the peanut red coat, and the materials can be collected, which can effectively separate the peanut kernels from the red coat and minimize the damage to the peanuts.
  • the spiral peanut kernel grading system uses the push of built-in tooth-shaped spiral blades and the rotation of the screening drum, and grading pipes with different gaps are set to divide the peanut kernels according to the size of the particle size. Carry out grading screening.
  • the peanut kernels are screened by this device, which not only improves the conveying speed and classification efficiency, solves the problems of high-cost labor, slow manual screening, and high labor intensity, but also ensures that the peanut kernels are uniform in size after the classification and the accuracy of the classification. And it also has the characteristics of not easy to block the screen.
  • the fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical peanut shell ultrafine crushing system cooperates with the impact type mechanical primary crushing device and the collision type airflow secondary crushing device to realize the peanut shell
  • the ultra-fine pulverization improves the pulverization efficiency of the fluidized-bed collision type air-jet mechanical peanut shell ultra-fine pulverization system.
  • the peanut shell powder after crushing has good dispersibility, and the particle size of the powder is fine and uniform.
  • the peanut shell superfine powder grading and packaging system cooperates with a double-headed spiral dispersing and feeding device and a high-speed air dispersing and feeding device based on the principle of a venturi tube to combine agglomerated peanuts
  • the shell ultrafine powder is fully dispersed; through the high-speed rotation of the symmetrical tangential airflow in the screen classification cavity, the separation of the screen and the high-speed rotation of the classification impeller, the three-time classification of the peanut shell powder is realized; Compact packaging of micro-powder.
  • Figure 1 is a general assembly diagram of a peanut full-process production line
  • Figure 2 is the axial side view of the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the air separation device of the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the vibrating screening device of the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system
  • Figure 5 is a side view of the spiral peanut shell breaking system
  • Figure 6 is an exploded view of the spiral peanut shell breaking system spiral shell breaking device
  • Figure 7 is the axial side view of the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removal system with the principle of gas explosion
  • Figure 8(a) is a side view of the external axis of the steam device of the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removing system with the principle of gas explosion;
  • Figure 8(b) is the internal axial view of the steam device of the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removing system with the principle of gas explosion;
  • Figure 9(a) is the axial side view of the outside of the heating chamber of the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernels removing red clothing system based on the principle of gas explosion;
  • Figure 9(b) is the axial side view of the inside of the heating chamber of the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernels removing red coat system based on the principle of gas explosion;
  • Figure 10 is a side view of the spiral peanut kernel grading system
  • Figure 11 is a side view of the grading device of the spiral peanut kernel grading system
  • Figure 12 is the axial side view of the peanut shell ultrafine pulverization system of fluidized bed collision type airflow machinery
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of a peanut shell ultrafine pulverization system of a fluidized-bed collision type airflow machine
  • Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view of a centrifugal turbine classification device of a fluidized-bed collision type airflow mechanical peanut shell ultrafine pulverization system
  • Figure 15 is a side view of the peanut shell ultrafine powder grading and packaging system
  • Figure 16 (a) is the axial side view of the spiral dispersing and feeding device of the peanut shell ultrafine powder grading and packaging system
  • Figure 16(b) is a cross-sectional view of the spiral dispersing and feeding device of the peanut shell ultrafine powder grading and packaging system
  • Figure 17 is a partial cross-sectional view of the cyclone classification device of the peanut shell ultrafine powder classification and packaging system
  • Figure 18 is a side view of the packaging device of the peanut shell ultrafine powder grading packaging system
  • the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system I the spiral peanut shell breaking system II, the gas explosion principle, the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removal system III, the spiral peanut kernel classification system IV, the fluidized bed pair Peanut shell ultra-fine crushing system V by collision type airflow machinery, peanut shell ultra-fine powder grading and packaging system VI;
  • I-01-First feeding device I-02-Wind separation mechanism, I-03-Vibrating screening mechanism, I-04-First frame, I-0201-Slide, I-0202-Positive pressure fan, I-0203-Adsorption pipeline, I-0301-Vibration motor, I-0302-First screen, I-0303-First and second screen connection spring, I-0304-First screen outlet, I-0305 -Secondary screen, I-0306-Second and third-stage screen connection spring, I-0307-First discharge port, I-0308-Three-stage screen, I-0309-Second discharge port, I-0310 -The screen supports the spring.
  • II-01 first transmission mechanism II-02 spiral shell breaking device, II-03 first negative pressure adsorption device, II-0201-circular top cover, II-0202-spiral shell broken rotor, II-0203-front circle -Shaped fixing plate, II-0204-rear round fixing plate, II-0205-screw module fixing bolt, II-0206-square grid.
  • III-01-Second transmission mechanism III-02-gas explosion device, III-03-switching device, III-04-drying device, III-05-second negative pressure adsorption device, III-0201-gas explosion Generating room, III-0202-steam generator interface, III-0203-gas explosion discharge slide door, III-0204 gas explosion discharge slide, III-0205-condensate discharge recovery port, III-0206-pressure relief valve Connection port, III-0207-gas explosion feed slide, III-0208 gas explosion feed slide door, III-0209-gas explosion positioning blanking plate, III-0210-gas explosion stainless steel conveyor net, III-0211-gas Explosion buffer brush, III-0212-air explosion transmission driven shaft, III-0213-air explosion transmission net baffle, III-0214-air explosion transmission drive shaft, III-0401-drying generator, III-0402 -Drying and discharging slide, III-0403-drying and discharging slide door, III-0404-air energy heat source port, III-0405 drying and feeding slide door,
  • IV-01-The second frame IV-02-The first feeding device, IV-03-Conveying and screening device, IV-04-Cleaning device, IV-0301-Classification round pipe, IV-0302-Conveying screen Sub-drum shaft, IV-0303-built-in tooth-shaped spiral blade, IV-0304-conveying and screening drum connecting rod, IV-0304-05-grading tube limit groove.
  • V-01-Second feed device V-02-impact mechanical primary crushing device, V-03-counter-jet airflow secondary crushing device, V-04-centrifugal turbine classification device, V-05-third Frame, V-0401-fastening bolt module, V-0402-turbine grading rotor shafting module, V-0403-discharge port, V-0404-turbine grading rotor, V-0405-centrifugal turbine grading device grading outdoor Cylinder, V-0406-the upper sleeve of the classification chamber of the centrifugal turbine classifier, V-0407-coupling, V-0408-servo motor.
  • VI-01-Battering and feeding device VI-02-Cyclone sieve grading device, VI-03-Quantitative compact packaging device, VI-0101-Storage bin, VI-0102-Buffer hopper, VI-0103-Screw feeding cavity Body, VI-0104-double screw screw, VI-0105-double screw blade, VI-0106-discharge port, VI-0107-screw feeding motor, VI-0108-discharge funnel, VI-0109-air compression Machine, VI-0110-air storage tank, VI-0111-air dryer, VI-0112-Venturi tube tee, VI-0201-air inlet, VI-0202-air inlet, VI-0203- Classification cavity, VI-0204-screen, VI-0205-grading impeller, VI-0206-medium powder discharge pipe, VI-0207-coarse powder discharge pipe, VI-0208 fine powder discharge pipe, VI-0301- Feeding funnel, VI-0302-weighing mechanism, VI-0303-clamping arm, VI-0304
  • azimuth or positional relationship is based on the azimuth or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only a relationship term determined to facilitate the description of the structural relationship of each component or element in the present disclosure. It does not specifically refer to any component or element in the present disclosure and cannot be understood as a Disclosure restrictions.
  • this application proposes a peanut full-process production line .
  • This application provides a peanut full-process production line, including an adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system, a spiral peanut shelling system, a gas explosion principle, a negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removal system, and a spiral Peanut kernel grading system, fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical peanut shell ultra-fine crushing system, peanut shell ultra-fine powder grading and packaging system, the adsorption type multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system is set at the forefront of the production line, and the adsorption type The spiral peanut shelling system is installed behind the high-level screening peanut cleaning system, and the gas explosion principle negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removing red coat system and the fluidized bed opposing airflow mechanical peanut shell super Micro pulverization system.
  • the spiral peanut kernel grading system is installed behind the air-explosion principle and the negative pressure adsorption type peanut kernel removing red coat system.
  • the peanut shell ultra-fine powder grading and packaging system is installed in the fluidized bed opposing air-flow mechanical peanut shell ultra-fine pulverization system Rear;
  • the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system includes a first feeding device arranged on a first frame, a winnowing device and a vibrating screening device are arranged on the side of the first feeding device, and the winnowing device is arranged on the first feeding device. Above a feeding device, the first feeding device intermittently feeds materials to the winnowing device.
  • the winnowing device designed based on the principle of the Laval tube absorbs light impurities such as dry stems and leaves in the material under negative pressure, and the material then falls into the drive driven by the vibrating motor.
  • the multi-stage vibrating screening work is completed in the screening device, and the spiral peanut shell breaking system is installed after the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system;
  • the spiral peanut shell breaking system includes a first transmission mechanism, a spiral shell breaking device is arranged behind the first transmission mechanism, and a first negative pressure adsorption device is arranged behind the spiral shell breaking device.
  • the shell device is squeezed and kneaded through the gap between the spiral shell-breaking rotor and the square grid to break the shell.
  • the material after the shell-breaking falls into the horizontal conveyor belt to the first negative pressure adsorption device.
  • the spiral peanut shell-breaking system is equipped with the principle of gas explosion Negative pressure adsorption type peanut kernels removing red coat system;
  • the gas explosion principle negative pressure adsorption type peanut kernels removing red coat system includes a second transmission mechanism, an air explosion device, a toggle device, a drying device, and a second negative pressure adsorption device.
  • the pressure difference between the steam and the outside is large to achieve the air explosion effect, and then through the drying device, the moisture content in the peanut red coat is reduced and the peanut red coat and the peanut kernel are fully separated.
  • negative pressure adsorption is adopted for adsorption and separation.
  • the negative pressure adsorption peanut kernel removal system is equipped with a spiral peanut kernel grading system and a fluidized bed opposing airflow. Mechanical peanut shell ultra-fine grinding system;
  • the spiral peanut kernel grading system includes a second frame, a first feeding device fixed at the front end of the second frame, a conveying and screening device is arranged behind the first feeding device, and a cleaning device is arranged above the conveying and screening device ,
  • the peanut kernels enter the conveying and screening device through the first feeding device, and the peanut kernels are classified in multiple stages through the round tube arranged in the limiting groove of the grading round tube.
  • the fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical peanut shell ultrafine pulverization system includes a second feeding device fixed to the third frame, an impact mechanical primary pulverization device, an collision type airflow secondary pulverization device, and a centrifugal turbine classification
  • the second feeding device is arranged on the right side of the impact-type mechanical primary crushing device, the centrifugal turbine classification device is arranged above the collision-type airflow secondary crushing device, and the feeding device is respectively arranged below the collision-type airflow secondary crushing device.
  • the impact type mechanical primary crushing device, the peanut shells are fed quantitatively through the second feeding device, and the crushing turntable and the arc-shaped lining are impacted by the high-speed rotating crushing turntable in the impact mechanical primary crushing device.
  • the fluidized bed collision type A grading and packaging system for peanut shell ultrafine powder is installed after the airflow mechanical peanut shell ultrafine grinding system;
  • the peanut shell ultrafine powder grading and packaging system includes a dispersing and feeding device, a cyclone sieve grading device, and a quantitative compact packaging device.
  • the dispersing and feeding device is arranged on the left side of the cyclone sieve grading device, and the quantitative and dense packaging device is arranged on the cyclone sieve.
  • Below the grading device The ultra-fine peanut shell powder enters the cyclone sieve grading device through the dispersing and feeding device mechanically dispersed and the air flow.
  • the ultra-fine powder is divided into coarse powder, medium powder, and fine powder through the cyclone sieve grading device, and then passes through quantitative and compact packaging.
  • the device packs the automatically weighed powder into bags.
  • the adsorption multi-stage screening peanut cleaning system includes a first feeding device I-01, a winnowing mechanism I-02, a vibrating screening mechanism I-03 and a first frame I-04.
  • the first feeding device I-01 is located to the side of the winnowing mechanism I-02 and the vibrating screening mechanism I-03, and the winnowing mechanism I-02 is located above the vibrating screening mechanism I-03.
  • the first feeding device I-01 is fixed to the first frame I-04 by the external bearing support of the drive roller inside it, and the winnowing mechanism I-02 is fixed to the positive pressure fan by fixing bolts to fix the first frame I-04 Above, the winnowing mechanism adsorbs and cleans the remaining dried peanut stems and leaves in the material, and the remaining dried peanut stems and leaves are adsorbed from the adsorption pipe I-0203 under the action of the positive pressure fan I-0202. The adsorbed material falls into the primary screen I-0302 of the vibrating screening mechanism I-03.
  • the screen support disc I-0310 in the vibrating screening mechanism is connected to the supporting disc bottom plate on the first frame by fixing bolts to fix the vibrating screening mechanism on the first frame, and the materials are respectively on the first screen I- 0302, two-stage screen I-0305, three-stage screen I-0308 for screening, and respectively from the first-stage screen outlet I-0304, first outlet I-0307, second outlet Discharge in I-0309 and complete the screening process.
  • the first feeding device I-01 is driven by a stepping motor, and drives the transmission drum to rotate through the speed reduction of the pulley.
  • the driving drum drives the conveyor belt and the feeding hopper on it to carry out digging and intermittent feeding of materials.
  • the adsorption structure is composed of adsorption pipe I-0203 designed based on the principle of Laval tube, positive pressure fan I-0202 and slide I-0201.
  • the adsorption pipeline designed based on the Laval tube principle can use a positive pressure fan to generate negative pressure suction.
  • the design of the adsorption pipeline can ensure that impurities are removed along the pipeline and avoid the direct adsorption of the fan to peanuts.
  • the adsorption pipeline is mainly composed of a reducer, an expansion tube and an extraction tube.
  • the principle of negative pressure adsorption for the adsorption pipeline is: the reducer shrinks to the throat, the cross-sectional area gradually decreases, and the airflow generated by the positive pressure fan gradually accelerates; the expansion pipe starts from the throat.
  • the cross-sectional area gradually increases, and the airflow can continue to accelerate at this time.
  • the higher the wind velocity the lower the wind pressure, so the wind pressure at the throat is lower than the outside atmospheric pressure, and the wind pressure in the expansion tube gradually decreases.
  • the pressure at the throat is lower than the pressure value in the outstretching tube, which produces a certain suction effect on the airflow in the tube, and negative pressure is formed in the tube at this time.
  • the vibrating screening mechanism I-03 is driven by two vibrating motors, and the vibrating motors drive the three-stage screen to screen the materials as a whole.
  • the relative included angle between the shafts of the two vibrating motors is 40°, and the vibrating screening mechanism is driven to perform multi-rotation vibration.
  • Each level of screen is connected with a discharge port, which is convenient for the material to be screened out to fall into the next process. After the material slides on the slide I-0201, the falling baffle will accept it and fall into the primary screen I-0302. After screening, impurities larger than peanut pod particles are filtered out.
  • the impurities are discharged from the primary screen I -0304 slips into the first receiving bin, and peanut pods, shredded peanuts and small particles of impurities fall into the secondary screen I-0305.
  • the peanut pods are filtered through the secondary screen I-0305.
  • the peanut pods slide out from the first discharge port I-0307 and collected.
  • the shredded peanuts and small particles fall into the third screen I-0308 middle.
  • the small particles of impurities are filtered out by the three-level screen I-0308.
  • the impurities fall from the three-level screen and are collected in the collecting hopper and then fall into the bin.
  • the shredded peanuts slide down from the third-level screen to
  • the second discharge port I-0309 completes the cleaning of materials.
  • Each level of screen is supported by springs to buffer and absorb vibration, so that the screening device is tilted too much in a certain direction.
  • the whole vibrating screening device is fixed on the top of the first frame through the screen support spring I-0310 at
  • the three-stage screen I-0308 chooses 8mm circular plane punching screen.
  • Each layer of screen is surrounded by baffles to prevent materials from being thrown out during the screening process.
  • the spiral peanut shell breaking system includes a first transmission mechanism II-01, a spiral shell breaking device II-02, and a first negative pressure adsorption device II-03.
  • the first transmission mechanism II-01 is arranged at The first negative pressure adsorption device II-03 is installed in front of the shell breaking device II-02 and behind the shell breaking device II-02. After the peanuts are classified, the peanuts are sent to the spiral shell breaking device II-02 through the first transmission mechanism II-01. After the spiral shell breaking device II-02 breaks the shell, the peanut shells and peanut kernels are separated in the first negative pressure adsorption device II-03.
  • the spiral shell breaking device II-02 includes a spiral shell breaking rotor II-0202, surrounded by a round top cover II-0201 and a square grid II-0201 through II-0205-screw module fixing bolts. Fixed to cover the spiral shell-breaking rotor II-0202. By adjusting the horizontal angle of the spiral shell-breaking rotor II-0201, the gap between the spiral shell-breaking rotor II-0201 and the square grid II-0206 can form a stepless change in spacing. Different specifications of peanuts are self-adaptively squeezed and broken.
  • the front circular fixed plate II-0203 and the rear circular fixed plate II-0204 are fixed on the front and back of the spiral shelling rotor II-0202 to support the spiral shelling rotor II-0202.
  • the fixed support function.
  • the rear round fixing plate II-0204 and the round top cover II-0201 and the square grid II-0201 form a sealed structure to prevent peanuts from leaking.
  • the front round fixing plate II-0203 and the square grid II- There is a space between 0201 to allow the broken peanuts to leak out from the front.
  • FIG. 7 it includes the second transmission mechanism III-01, the gas explosion device III-02, the toggle device III-03, the drying device III-04, and the second negative pressure adsorption device III-05.
  • the second conveying mechanism is fed by the feeding device, and the flexible conveyor belt is fed through the inner slope.
  • the slope of the feeding device is provided to buffer the falling of the peanuts.
  • the feeding drive shaft is driven by the feeding stepping motor to carry out the feeding operation of the flexible conveyor belt.
  • the end reaches the feeding slide and slides down to the subsequent process. Due to the existence of the feeding slide, the peanuts enter the subsequent processing device to reduce damage.
  • the gas explosion device III-02 includes a gas explosion generation chamber III-0201, which is attached with a steam generator interface III-0202, which is connected with the steam generator to generate steam, and is additionally equipped with condensation
  • the water discharge recovery port is connected with the subsequent air energy heat pump to facilitate the recovery of condensate water and has high economic benefits.
  • the gas explosion buffer brush III-0211 and the gas explosion stainless steel transmission net III-0210 are set in the gas explosion generating chamber III-0201.
  • the steam generator is connected to the steam generator interface III-0202 to fully infiltrate the peanut surface, and the pressure relief valve connection III-0206 is used to cause the peanut red coat to explode due to the pressure difference.
  • the peanut red coat is separated from the peanut kernel.
  • the material will fall into the subsequent processing device through the cooperation of the discharge sliding door III-0203 and the discharge sliding rail III-0204.
  • the material is fed by the toggle feeding mechanism, and the toggle blade is driven by the toggle drive motor, so that the material enters the next link by the toggle discharging mechanism. Due to the control of the rotating speed of the driving motor, the feed rate of the material can be better controlled.
  • the peanut kernels are fed through the drying feed slide III-0406 and the drying feed slide door III-0405, and are transported to the drying vibration conveyor III-0409, part of it The detached red clothes enter the drying red clothes collection box III-0411.
  • the air energy heat pump is connected to the air energy heat source port III-0404 to provide heat, and the drying fan III-0407 conducts the heat transfer process.
  • the drying and discharging slide III-0402 and the drying and discharging slide door III-0403 are coordinated, as well as the drying conveying guide III-0412 and the drying conveying track III-0413 to proceed with the follow-up device Handover.
  • the drying red clothing collection box III-0411 is blocked by the drying sealing plate, forming a closed loop, which is convenient for subsequent red clothing collection operations.
  • the material enters the second negative pressure adsorption device through the handover of the drying device III-04, and the drying red clothing collection box is handed over to the first negative pressure collection mechanism.
  • the first negative pressure collection Due to the negative pressure effect of the negative pressure fan, the first negative pressure collection
  • the airbag on the mechanism shrinks inward, so that the pipeline is closed, reducing the suction loss of the negative pressure adsorption.
  • the material is transported by the negative pressure conveying device, and the red clothing is collected by the secondary negative pressure collecting device for the second time. And enter the storage unit through the negative pressure pipeline, and the upper part of the storage unit is equipped with iron nets to prevent the collection of red clothes from being incomplete.
  • the screw push drum type peanut kernel classifier consists of four parts: the second frame IV-01, the first feeding device IV-02, the conveying and screening device IV-03 and the cleaning device IV-04. ,
  • the first feeding device IV-02 is located obliquely above the conveying and screening device IV-03
  • the cleaning device IV-04 is located directly above the conveying and screening device IV-03
  • below the conveying and screening device IV-03 are all levels Outlet.
  • the feeding hopper is fixed on the second frame IV-01 by the feeding hopper fixing rod
  • the conveying and screening device IV-03 is fixed to the second machine by the conveying and screening roller shaft IV-0302 by the conveying and screening roller fixed bearing.
  • the outside of the conveying and screening device IV-03 is the outer covering cylinder, and the lower side is the discharge port of all levels.
  • the cleaning device IV-04 is located directly above the conveying and screening device IV-03.
  • the rotating shaft of the cleaning and flapping roller passes through the fixed plates of the two ends of the cleaning and flapping roller, and is fixed on the second frame IV by the fixed bearing of the cleaning and flapping roller. -01 on.
  • the screw-push drum type peanut kernel classifier is powered by a frequency conversion motor, and the driving pulley, belt and driven pulley cooperate to achieve transmission.
  • the conveying and screening device IV-03 is equipped with a built-in toothed spiral blade IV-0303, and the built-in toothed spiral blade IV-0303 is arranged on the conveying and screening drum shaft IV-0302, and the conveying and screening device IV-
  • the outer circumference of 03 is 4 sections of grading round pipe IV-0301 with different gaps.
  • the conveying and screening drum shaft IV-0302 and the grading pipe IV-0301 are welded and fixed by the conveying and screening drum connecting rod IV-0304.
  • the conveying and screening drum connecting rod IV-0304 As shown in Figure 7, at the junction of the two ends of each segment of the grading pipe IV-0301 on the conveyor screening device IV-03, there is a grading pipe limiting groove with a diameter greater than 0.6mm of the grading pipe to make the grading pipe Random translation within the error range of ⁇ 0.3mm to realize flexible screening of peanut kernels.
  • the fluidized bed collision type airflow mechanical peanut shell ultrafine pulverization system consists of the second feed device V-01, the impact type mechanical primary pulverization device V-02, and the opposite jet airflow two
  • the secondary crushing device V-03, the centrifugal turbine classifying device V-04, and the third frame V-05 are composed.
  • the second feeding device is arranged on the right side of the impact mechanical primary crushing device, the centrifugal turbine classifying device is arranged above the collision type airflow secondary crushing device, and the feeding inlet and Impact type mechanical one-time crushing device.
  • the second feeding device V-01 The feeding barrel is welded and fixed to the outer barrel wall of the impact mechanical primary crushing device V-02.
  • the second feeding device is driven and controlled by a stepping motor fixed on the third frame V-05. Feed rate of peanut shells.
  • the impact type mechanical primary crushing device V-02 drives its crushing turntable to rotate at a high speed by a three-phase stepping motor at the bottom, and the peanut shells are completed under the impact of the impact type mechanical primary crushing device V-02 crushing turntable and the arc-shaped lining board.
  • the airflow secondary crushing device V-03 is arranged with two layers of Laval nozzles on the inner cylinder wall. Under the action of the supersonic airflow generated by the Laval nozzles, the peanut shells that are superfinely crushed are fluidized, and the peanut shells are accelerated. The particles converge at the meeting point of the Laval nozzle, produce violent impacts and collisions, and are secondarily superfinely crushed.
  • the fine peanut shell powder after the second ultrafine pulverization moves with the airflow to the upper centrifugal turbine classifier V-04.
  • the turbine classifier rotor of the centrifugal turbine classifier V-04 rotates at a high speed, using the difference in the centrifugal force of the peanut shell powder
  • the grading and screening of the peanut shell powder is completed, and the peanut shell ultra-fine powder that meets the crushing requirements is discharged from the discharge port, and the ultra-fine crushing process of the peanut shell is completed.
  • the upper sleeve of the classification chamber of the centrifugal turbine classifier V-0406 and the classification outdoor cylinder of the centrifugal turbine classifier V-0405 are fixedly connected by fastening bolts, and the classification outdoor cylinder of the centrifugal turbine classifier V-0405 It is tapered upward by 7°, because the airflow gradually enters the classification zone during the axial movement, which reduces the flow rate of the axial airflow in the classification zone. The reduction of the axial airflow in the classification zone will cause the particles to be partially separated in the classification zone, resulting in uneven particle concentration and uneven particle size in the upper and lower regions of the classification zone.
  • the centrifugal turbine classifier is tapered upwards by 7°.
  • V-0405 can ensure the uniformity of the axial air flow in the classification zone, so that the gas-solid concentration and particle size distribution above and below the classification zone are uniform, and the classification accuracy is improved.
  • the servo motor V-0408 of the centrifugal turbine classifier V-04 is fixed on the upper part of the upper sleeve V-0406 of the classification chamber of the centrifugal turbine classifier by the fastening bolt module V-0401.
  • the turbine classifying rotor V-0404 is connected to the servo motor V-0408 through the turbine classifying rotor shafting module V-0402 and the coupling V-0407 to realize the centrifugal turbine classification of peanut shell ultrafine powder.
  • the peanut shell ultrafine powder grading and packaging system includes a dispersing and feeding device VI-01, a cyclone sieve grading device VI-02, and a quantitative compact packaging device VI-03.
  • a buffer funnel VI-0102 is set below the storage bin VI-0101, welded on top of the spiral feeding cavity VI-0103, and the four walls of the buffer funnel VI-0102
  • the inclination is different, and its function is to differentiate the falling speed of the powder and avoid arching;
  • the screw feed motor VI-0107 drives the double-head screw screw VI-0104, and the shearing action of the double-head screw blade VI-0105 affects the powder.
  • the body material is fully broken up and sent to the discharge port.
  • the air flow introduced from the air compressor VI-0109 passes through the air storage tank VI-0110 and the air dryer VI-0111 in sequence, and its function is to fully dry the airflow; the airflow flows through the venturi tee VI-0112, and the airflow accelerates sharply.
  • the ultra-fine peanut shell powder enters the Venturi tube tee VI-0112 under the suction effect of its own gravity and negative pressure.
  • the high-speed airflow produces a strong impact on the micropowder, and the agglomerates are broken and dispersed completely.
  • the ultra-fine powder enters the classification chamber VI-0203 through the air inlet VI-0201 under the action of high-speed air flow.
  • the particles with large particle diameters rotate and fall along the screen VI-0204.
  • Particles with a particle size smaller than the aperture fall through the screen along the medium powder discharge pipe VI-0206, and those with a particle size larger than the aperture fall along the screen to the coarse powder discharge pipe VI-0207, which rotates at a high speed on the grading impeller VI-0205
  • the entrained particles with large particle size are intercepted by the collision, and the fine powder flows to the fine powder discharge pipe VI-0208 with the airflow.
  • the classified peanut shell ultra-fine powder enters the weighing mechanism VI-0302 through the feeding hopper VI-0301, which is used to measure the weight of the ultra-fine powder.
  • the clamping arm VI-0303 is fixed
  • the cloth bag, the vibrating compaction mechanism VI-0304 and the flapping compaction mechanism VI-0305 work together to complete the compaction work, and then transport it through the conveyor belt VI-0306 to complete the grading and packaging of peanut shell ultrafine powder.

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Abstract

一种花生全流程生产线及方法,包括花生清选系统、破壳系统、去红衣系统、花生仁分级系统、超微粉碎系统和分级包装系统,第一道工序为花生清选除杂,花生破壳设置于花生清选除杂后方,花生破壳后方分别设有花生仁去红衣和花生壳超微粉碎,花生仁去红衣后方设置花生仁分级,花生壳超微粉碎后方设置花生壳超微粉体分级包装。

Description

一种花生全流程生产线及方法 技术领域
本公开属于农产品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种花生全流程生产线及方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术信息,不必然构成在先技术。
花生又名长生果,也称落花生。近年来,随着科学技术的不断进步和现代食品加工业的迅速发展,花生的营养价值和药用价值越来越受到人们的重视。世界各国对花生的加工利用和市场需求都在不断发生变化,总的趋势是花生加工用量和市场需求不断增长,其中食用花生的比例增加,榨油花生的比例下降。
目前花生产品加工业技术水平相对落后,技术创新能力不足,精深加工不充分,对花生产品的综合利用,尤其是废弃物的综合利用研究较少,尤其是花生加工中产生大量的花生粕、花生红衣、花生壳等副产物,利用率却较低,但其实这些副产物中富含酚类、蛋白质、糖类等营养成分,而目前的加工工艺一般只包含或侧重于对于花生的初步的榨取。
发明内容
本公开为了解决上述问题,提出了一种花生全流程生产线及方法,本公开集花生清选除杂,花生破壳,花生去红衣,花生仁分级,花生壳超微粉碎和花生壳超微粉分级包装等功能于一体,能够完成对花生各个部分进行有效的处理和利用,直至形成花生仁、花生红衣、花生壳超微粉体,充分利用花生资源。
根据一些实施例,本公开采用如下技术方案:
一种花生全流程生产线及方法,包括花生清选系统、破壳系统、去红衣系统、花生仁分级系统、超微粉碎系统和分级包装系统,其中:
所述花生清选系统包括进料口和振动筛分装置,所述振动筛分装置至少具有用于输出花生荚果的第一出料口和输出杂质的第二出料口;
所述破壳系统包括螺旋破壳装置,所述破壳系统与第一出料口通过第一传输机构连接,所述破壳系统至少具有两个出料口,第三出料口用于输出带红衣的花生果,第四出料口用于输出花生壳;
所述去红衣系统和所述第三出料口之间设置有第二传输机构;
所述花生仁分级系统包括第一进料装置和输送筛分装置,所述第一进料装置与所述去红衣系统的输出口连接;
所述超微粉碎系统,包括依次分布的第二进料装置、粉碎装置和分级装置,所述第二进料装置与所述第四出料口连接;
所述分级包装系统接收经过所述超微粉碎系统处理的花生壳超微粉,被配置为对其进行筛分和包装。
上述生产线,按照花生各部分的处理工序分布,分别进行花生清选除杂、花生破壳、花生仁去红衣和花生壳超微粉碎,对去红衣后的花生仁分级,花生壳超微粉体分级包装,完成了花生的全流程加工,充分利用花生资源。
作为可选择实施方式,所述花生清选系统包括依次分布的第一送料装置、风选装置和振动筛分装置,所述第一送料装置间歇送料至风选装置;
所述风选装置在物料由重力作用下滑到振动筛分装置上的过程中,对物料中的轻杂质进行负压吸附;
所述振动筛分装置包括多级筛网及两个转轴呈一定角度的振动电机,所述多级筛网整体作复旋型振动,所述多级筛网分别呈不同的角度安装。
作为可选择实施方式,所述螺旋破壳装置,包括螺旋破壳转子,所述螺旋破壳转子外围设置有栅条,螺旋破壳转子与栅条的间距可调且间距内设置有螺旋破壳模块,螺旋破壳模块用于对花生进行挤压破壳。
作为可选择实施方式,所述螺旋破壳装置输出端设置有第一负压吸附装置,第一负压吸附装置用于吸附水平输送带上的花生壳以分离花生仁与花生壳。
作为可选择实施方式,所述花生仁分级系统还包括清筛装置,所述输送筛分装置包括输送筛分滚筒,其由至少两级等直径的滚筒构成;每级滚筒由若干圆管均匀围成,每级滚筒的圆管间隙不同;靠近进料口处的滚筒为第一级滚筒,其圆管间隙最小,后级滚筒的圆管间隙相比于前级滚筒的圆管间隙逐级增大;
所述清筛装置,其设置在输送筛分装置上方;所述清筛装置与输送筛分滚筒接触拍打,实现输送筛分滚筒的清筛。
作为可选择实施方式,所述超微粉碎系统包括第二进料装置、一次粉碎装置、二次粉碎装置和分级装置,其中:
第二进料装置包括一进料管路和设置在进料管路内的旋转件,所述旋转件与第一驱动机构连接;
所述一次粉碎装置的进料口与进料装置末端连接,所述一次粉碎装置包括粉碎转盘与设置在粉碎转盘外侧的内衬板,所述粉碎转盘上布设有多个倾斜设置的冲击粉碎叶片,所述粉碎转盘与第二驱动机构连接;
所述二次粉碎装置设置于所述一次粉碎装置的上侧,具有一粉碎室,粉碎室的四周分布有多个喷嘴,且各喷嘴的中心线能够交汇于同一点;
所述分级装置包括分级筒,所述分级筒与所述粉碎室连通,且位于粉碎室上方,所述分级筒内设置有涡轮分级转子,涡轮分级转子圆周设置有多个分级叶片,所述涡轮分级转子与第三驱动机构连接。
作为可选择实施方式,所述一次粉碎装置内壁分布有内衬板,所述内衬板的内沿设置有多个圆弧形凹槽,相邻的圆弧形凹槽之间;
所述二次粉碎装置的内壁设置有内衬板,所述内衬板表面为锯齿形;
所述分级装置为离心式涡轮分级装置,包括分级筒、设置在分级筒内的涡轮分级转子和驱动机构,涡轮分级转子圆周均匀分布多个分级叶片,涡轮分级转子通过密闭的轴系连接驱动机构,分级筒的上方设置出料口。
作为可选择实施方式,所述分级包装系统的筛分装置包括分级腔,所述分级腔包括圆筒部和与圆筒部下侧的圆锥部,进风进料口和进风口对称切向布置在圆筒部的中间位置,所述圆筒部内设有与圆筒部同轴的圆筒状筛网分级腔,所述筛网分级腔内设有与圆筒部同轴的分级叶轮;
所述称重机构用于对分级后的微粉进行称重;
所述密实机构用于对称重后的微粉进行装袋和拍打。
作为可选择实施方式,所述去红衣系统包括气爆装置、拨动装置、烘干装置及第二负压吸附装置;
所述气爆装置接收输送来的待去除红衣的花生物料,被配置为在压强差的作用下对其气爆,完成花生仁与花生红衣初步脱离;
所述拨动装置将初步脱离的花生仁与花生红衣拨动进入烘干装置;
所述烘干装置将外界的空气进行压缩升温,通过热风来进行热量的传递,对初步脱离的花生仁与花生红衣进行加热烘干,使得花生红衣与花生仁充分分离;
所述第二负压吸附装置通过负压吸附方式将充分分离的密度质量不同花生仁与红衣进行分别收集。
一种花生全流程生产方法,花生清选除杂、花生破壳、花生仁去红衣和花生壳超微粉碎,对去红衣后的花生仁分级,花生壳超微粉体分级包装。
为方便理解,一般来说花生清选除杂、花生破壳是顺序进行的,花生仁去红衣、花生仁分级也是顺序进行的,花生壳超微粉碎和花生壳超微粉体分级包装也是顺序进行的,但花生壳和花生仁的处理,可以顺序进行,也可以分开同时进行。
与现有技术相比,本公开的有益效果为:
(1)本公开的一种花生全流程生产线,吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统通过控制步进电机转速来控制提升料斗的送料速度,实现间歇送料;基于拉瓦尔管原理设计的风选吸附装置,在物料由重力作用下从溜板下滑到筛网上的过程中,对物料中的干茎叶等轻杂质进行负压吸附;筛分装置中由振动电机带动,设计三层筛网并采用不同的安装角度,筛网之间使用弹簧连接,缓冲各层筛网的振动,筛网整体通过底部弹簧连接到第一机架上,为振动提供固定支撑点,各层筛网之间设置不同位置的出料口。
(2)本公开的一种花生全流程生产线,螺旋花生破壳系统通过送料传送带和可控料斗结合,实现花生的定量输送,达到高效精准喂料的目的;利用螺旋破壳转子与方形栅条相配合,对花生进行螺旋送料挤压破壳;利用传送带和第一负压吸附装置进行花生壳与花生仁的分选。
(3)本公开的一种花生全流程生产线,气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统通过设计一种气爆法花生与红衣智能分离装置系统,在不损伤花生仁以及花生红衣品质的前提下,采用物理方法与机械方法相结合的方式使得花生仁与花生红衣进行分离,并且能够对物料进行收集,可以有效地使得花生仁与红衣进行分离,最大程度降低对花生仁以及花生红衣品质的影响。
(4)本公开的一种花生全流程生产线,螺旋式花生仁分级系统通过内置齿形螺旋叶片的推送和筛分滚筒的转动,设置不同间隙的分级圆管将花生仁颗粒按照粒径的大小进行分级筛分。通过该装置筛分花生仁,不仅提高了输送速度和分级效率,解决了高成本劳动力、人工筛选慢、劳动强度大等问题,而且保证了分级后花生仁颗粒大小均匀,保证了分级的精度,且还具有不易堵筛等特点。
(5)本公开的一种花生全流程生产线,流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统通过冲击式机械一次粉碎装置与对撞式气流二次粉碎装置相互配合,实现了花生壳的超微粉碎,提高了流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统的粉碎效率。同时,粉碎后花生壳微粉具有较好的分散性,微粉粒度细小均匀。
(6)本公开的一种花生全流程生产线,花生壳超微粉分级包装系统通过双头螺旋打散送料装置与基于文丘里管原理的高速气流打散送料装置相互配合,将团聚结块的花生壳超微粉充分打散;通过对称切向气流在筛网分级腔内的高速旋转、筛网的分离及分级叶轮的高速旋转,实现花生壳散体物料的三次分级;通过定量密实包装装置实现超微粉的密实包装。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解,本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开,并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1为一种花生全流程生产线总装配图;
图2为吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统轴侧图;
图3为吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统风选装置剖视图;
图4为吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统振动筛分装置轴侧图;
图5为螺旋式花生破壳系统轴侧图;
图6为螺旋式花生破壳系统螺旋破壳装置爆炸图;
图7为气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统轴侧图;
图8(a)为气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统蒸汽装置外部轴侧图;
图8(b)为气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统蒸汽装置内部轴侧图;
图9(a)为气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统加热室外部轴侧图;
图9(b)为气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统加热室内部轴侧图;
图10为螺旋式花生仁分级系统轴侧图;
图11为螺旋式花生仁分级系统分级装置轴侧图;
图12为流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统轴侧图;
图13为流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统剖视图;
图14为流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统离心式涡轮分级装置剖视图;
图15为花生壳超微粉分级包装系统轴侧图;
图16(a)为花生壳超微粉分级包装系统螺旋打散进料装置轴侧图;
图16(b)为花生壳超微粉分级包装系统螺旋打散进料装置剖视图;
图17为花生壳超微粉分级包装系统旋风分级装置局部剖视图;
图18为花生壳超微粉分级包装系统包装装置轴侧图;
图中,吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统Ⅰ,螺旋式花生破壳系统Ⅱ,气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统Ⅲ,螺旋式花生仁分级系统Ⅳ,流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统Ⅴ,花生壳超微粉分级包装系统Ⅵ;
Ⅰ-01-第一送料装置,Ⅰ-02-风选机构,Ⅰ-03-振动筛分机构,Ⅰ-04-第一机架,Ⅰ-0201-溜板,Ⅰ-0202-正压风机,Ⅰ-0203-吸附管道,Ⅰ-0301-振动电机,Ⅰ-0302-一级筛网,Ⅰ-0303-一二级筛网连接弹簧,Ⅰ-0304-一级筛网出料口,Ⅰ-0305-二级筛网,Ⅰ-0306-二三级筛网连接弹簧,Ⅰ-0307-第一出料口,Ⅰ-0308-三级筛网,Ⅰ-0309-第二出料口,Ⅰ-0310-筛网支撑弹簧。
Ⅱ-01第一传输机构,Ⅱ-02螺旋破壳装置,Ⅱ-03第一负压吸附装置,Ⅱ-0201-圆形顶盖,Ⅱ-0202-螺旋破壳转子,Ⅱ-0203-前圆形固定板,Ⅱ-0204-后圆形固定板,Ⅱ-0205-螺旋模块固定螺栓,Ⅱ-0206-方形栅条。
Ⅲ-01-第二传输机构,Ⅲ-02-气爆装置,Ⅲ-03-拨动装置,Ⅲ-04-烘干装置,Ⅲ-05-第二负压吸附装置,Ⅲ-0201-气爆发生室,Ⅲ-0202-蒸汽发生器接口,Ⅲ-0203-气爆出料滑门,Ⅲ-0204气爆出料滑轨,Ⅲ-0205-冷凝水排出回收口,Ⅲ-0206-泄压阀连接口,Ⅲ-0207-气爆进料滑轨,Ⅲ-0208气爆进料滑门,Ⅲ-0209-气爆定位落料板,Ⅲ-0210-气爆不锈钢传送网,Ⅲ-0211-气爆缓冲毛刷,,Ⅲ-0212-气爆传送从动轴,Ⅲ-0213-气爆传送网挡板,Ⅲ-0214-气爆传送驱动轴,Ⅲ-0401-烘干发生器,Ⅲ-0402-烘干出料滑轨,Ⅲ-0403-烘干出料滑门,Ⅲ-0404-空气能热源口,Ⅲ-0405烘干进料滑门,Ⅲ-0406-烘干进料滑轨,Ⅲ-0407-烘干风机,Ⅳ-08烘干运送滑轨,Ⅲ-0409-烘干振动传送装置,Ⅲ-0410-烘干驱动轴带轮,Ⅲ-0411-烘干红衣收集箱,Ⅲ-0412-烘干运送导轨,Ⅲ-0413-烘干运送轨道,Ⅲ-0414-烘干缓冲,Ⅳ-15-烘干物料收集箱,Ⅳ-16-烘干运送轨道,Ⅳ-17-烘干缓冲。
Ⅳ-01-第二机架,Ⅳ-02-第一进料装置,Ⅳ-03-输送筛分装置,Ⅳ-04-清筛装置,Ⅳ-0301-分级圆管,Ⅳ-0302-输送筛分滚筒轴,Ⅳ-0303-内置齿形螺旋叶片,Ⅳ-0304-输送筛分滚筒连接杆,Ⅳ-0304-05-分级圆管限位凹槽。
Ⅴ-01-第二进料装置,Ⅴ-02-冲击式机械一次粉碎装置,Ⅴ-03-对喷式气流二次粉碎装置,Ⅴ-04-离心式涡轮分级装置,Ⅴ-05-第三机架,Ⅴ-0401-紧固螺栓模块,Ⅴ-0402-涡轮 分级转子轴系模块,Ⅴ-0403-出料口,Ⅴ-0404-涡轮分级转子,Ⅴ-0405-离心式涡轮分级装置分级室外筒,Ⅴ-0406-离心式涡轮分级装置分级室上套筒,Ⅴ-0407-联轴器,Ⅴ-0408-伺服电机。
Ⅵ-01-打散送料装置,Ⅵ-02-旋风筛板分级装置,Ⅵ-03-定量密实包装装置,Ⅵ-0101-储料仓,Ⅵ-0102-缓冲料斗,Ⅵ-0103-螺旋送料腔体,Ⅵ-0104-双头螺旋螺杆,Ⅵ-0105-双头螺旋叶片,Ⅵ-0106-出料口,Ⅵ-0107-螺旋送料电机,Ⅵ-0108-出料漏斗,Ⅵ-0109-空气压缩机,Ⅵ-0110-储气罐,Ⅵ-0111-空气干燥器,Ⅵ-0112-文丘里管式三通,Ⅵ-0201-进风进料口,Ⅵ-0202-进风口,Ⅵ-0203-分级腔,Ⅵ-0204-筛网,Ⅵ-0205-分级叶轮,Ⅵ-0206-中粉出料管,Ⅵ-0207-粗粉出料管,Ⅵ-0208细粉出料管,Ⅵ-0301-进料漏斗,Ⅵ-0302-称重机构,Ⅵ-0303-夹持机臂,Ⅵ-0304-振动密实机构,Ⅵ-0305-传送带。
具体实施方式:
下面结合附图与实施例对本公开作进一步说明。
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
在本公开中,术语如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“竖直”、“水平”、“侧”、“底”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,只是为了便于叙述本公开各部件或元件结构关系而确定的关系词,并非特指本公开中任一部件或元件,不能理解为对本公开的限制。
本公开中,术语如“固接”、“相连”、“连接”等应做广义理解,表示可以是固定连接,也可以是一体地连接或可拆卸连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的相关科研或技术人员,可以根据具体情况确定上述术语在本公开中的具体含义,不能理解为对本公开的限制。
正如背景技术所介绍的,发明人发现,现有花生加工生产线效果并不理想,普遍存在单位能耗高,经济性差的缺点,为了解决如上的技术问题,本申请提出了一种花生全流程生产线。
本申请提供了一种花生全流程生产线,包括按工序依次为吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统、螺旋式花生破壳系统、气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统、螺旋式花生仁分级系统、流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统、花生壳超微粉分级包装系统,所述吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统设置于该生产线最前端,吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统后方设置螺旋式花生 破壳系统,螺旋式花生破壳系统后方分别设置气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统和流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统,螺旋式花生仁分级系统设置于气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统后方,花生壳超微粉分级包装系统设置于流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统后;
所述吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统包括设置于第一机架上的第一送料装置,风选装置和振动筛分装置设置于第一送料装置侧方,且风选装置设置于第一送料装置上方,第一送料装置间歇送料至风选装置,基于拉瓦尔管原理设计的风选装置对物料中的干茎叶等轻杂质进行负压吸附,物料随即落入由振动电机带动的筛分装置中完成多级振动筛分工作,吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统后设置螺旋式花生破壳系统;
所述螺旋式花生破壳系统包括第一传输机构,第一传输机构后方设置螺旋破壳装置,第一负压吸附装置设置于螺旋破壳装置后方,物料由第一传输机构间歇输送至螺旋破壳装置,通过螺旋破壳转子与方形栅条的间隙进行挤压揉搓破壳,破壳后的物料落入水平输送带至第一负压吸附装置,螺旋式花生破壳系统后设置气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统;
所述气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统包括第二传输机构、气爆装置、拨动装置、烘干装置、第二负压吸附装置,花生仁通过承受气爆装置中过饱和蒸汽与外界较大压差来达到气爆效果,再通过烘干装置,使得花生红衣中水分含量减少并且使得花生红衣与花生仁充分分离。通过花生红衣与花生仁之间的密度不同,采用负压吸附进行吸附分离,气爆原理负压吸附式花生仁去红衣系统后分别设置螺旋式花生仁分级系统和流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统;
所述螺旋式花生仁分级系统包括第二机架,固定于第二机架前端的第一进料装置,第一进料装置后方设置输送筛分装置,清筛装置设置于输送筛分装置上方,花生仁通过第一进料装置进入输送筛分装置,通过设在分级圆管限位凹槽内的圆管对花生仁进行多级分级。
所述流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统包括固定于第三机架的第二进料装置、冲击式机械一次粉碎装置、对撞式气流二次粉碎装置、离心式涡轮分级装置,所述第二进料装置设置于冲击式机械一次粉碎装置右侧,离心式涡轮分级装置设置于对撞式气流二次粉碎装置上方,对撞式气流二次粉碎装置下方分别设置进料口、冲击式机械一次粉碎装置,花生壳通过第二进料装置实现定量进料,在冲击式机械一次粉碎装置中高速旋转的粉碎转盘及圆弧形内衬的冲击下进行一次粉碎,随气流进入对撞式气流二次粉碎装置进行第二次粉碎,随即离心力较小的微粒通过涡轮分级转子分级叶片的间隙进入涡轮分级转子中部,随即自上方的出料口排出,流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统后设置花生壳超微粉分级包装系统;
所述花生壳超微粉分级包装系统包括打散送料装置、旋风筛板分级装置、定量密实包装装置,打散送料装置设置于旋风筛板分级装置的左侧,定量密实包装装置设置于旋风筛板分级装置的下方。花生壳超微粉经过打散送料装置机械打散和气流打散进入旋风筛板分级装置, 通过旋风筛板分级装置将超微粉分为粗粉、中粉、细粉三类,再通过定量密实包装装置将自动称量后的粉体进行装袋。
实施例1
下面结合附图1-附图18对本实施例公开的一种花生全流程生产线做进一步的说明;
首先介绍吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统。参照附图2所示,吸附式多级筛分花生清选系统包括第一送料装置Ⅰ-01、风选机构Ⅰ-02、振动筛分机构Ⅰ-03和第一机架Ⅰ-04。第一送料装置Ⅰ-01位于风选机构Ⅰ-02和振动筛分机构Ⅰ-03的侧方,风选机构Ⅰ-02位于振动筛分机构Ⅰ-03的上方。
第一送料装置Ⅰ-01通过其内部的传动滚筒外接轴承支座固定于第一机架Ⅰ-04上,风选机构I-02通过固定螺栓固定于正压风机固定第一机架Ⅰ-04上,风选机构对物料中的残留花生干茎叶进行吸附清选,残留花生干茎叶在正压风机Ⅰ-0202的作用下从吸附管道Ⅰ-0203中吸附出。吸附后的物料落入振动筛分机构Ⅰ-03的一级筛网Ⅰ-0302中。振动筛分机构中的筛网支撑圆盘I-0310通过固定螺栓连接第一机架上的支撑圆盘底板将振动筛分机构固定于第一机架上,物料分别在一级筛网Ⅰ-0302、二级筛网Ⅰ-0305、三级筛网Ⅰ-0308中进行筛分,并分别从一级筛网出料口Ⅰ-0304、第一出料口Ⅰ-0307、第二出料口Ⅰ-0309中出料,完成筛分工序。
第一送料装置Ⅰ-01由步进电机驱动,通过带轮的减速带动传动滚筒转动。传动滚筒带动传送带及其上的送料斗对物料进行挖取式间歇送料。料斗带动物料运送到第一送料装置顶部的时候,将物料抛入吸附机构的溜板Ⅰ-0201上,溜板倾斜角度为θ=26.1°-33.02°保证物料仅在重力和摩擦力的作用下能够自行下滑。
参照附图3所示,吸附结构由基于拉瓦尔管原理设计的吸附管道Ⅰ-0203、正压风机Ⅰ-0202和溜板Ⅰ-0201组成。基于拉瓦尔管原理设计的吸附管道,能够使用正压风机产生负压吸力,吸附管道的设计能够保证杂质顺着管道被清选出,避免风机直接吸附对花生的损伤。吸附管道主要有渐缩管、扩张管和引出管构成,吸附管道进行负压吸附原理为:渐缩管收缩至喉结,截面面积逐渐减少,正压风机产生的气流逐渐加速;扩张管从喉结处截面面积逐渐增加,气流此时能够继续加速。在不考虑重力势能的情况下,风的流速越高,风压越小,所以喉结处的风压小于外界的大气压,且在扩张管中风压逐渐减小。喉结处的压强低于外伸管内的压强值,对管内气流产生一定的吸力作用,此时管内形成负压。
参照附图4所示,振动筛分机构Ⅰ-03由两台振动电机驱动,振动电机带动三级筛网整体对物料进行筛分。两台振动电机转轴之间的相对夹角为40°,驱动振动筛分机构作复旋型振动。每级筛网中接有出料口,便于筛分出的物料能落入下一工序。物料从溜板Ⅰ-0201上滑落后由滑落挡板承接落入一级筛网Ⅰ-0302中,经过筛分过滤出比花生荚果颗粒大的杂质,该杂质从一级筛网出料口Ⅰ-0304中滑落至第一收料箱中,花生荚果、花生瘪果和小颗粒杂质落入到二级筛网Ⅰ-0305中。经过二级筛网Ⅰ-0305的筛分过滤出花生荚果,花生荚果从第 一出料口Ⅰ-0307中滑出后收集,花生瘪果和小颗粒杂质落入到三级筛网Ⅰ-0308中。经过三级筛网Ⅰ-0308的筛分过滤出小颗粒杂质,该杂质从三级筛网中落下后经过收集料斗归集后落入料箱中,花生瘪果从三级筛网中滑落至第二出料口Ⅰ-0309,完成物料的清选工作。每级筛网之间使用弹簧支撑,缓冲吸振,方式筛分装置朝某一方向倾斜过多。振动筛分装置整体通过底部的筛网支撑弹簧Ⅰ-0310固定于第一机架上方。
每级筛网都倾斜一定的角度:一、三级筛网的倾斜角度为0-5°;二级筛网为主要筛分层,参考溜板的倾斜角度,所以该层筛网的倾斜角度为θ=26.1°-33.02°。振动电机的振幅为λ=2.5mm,振动频率为22Hz,振动方向角为β=30°-60°,抛掷指数D=4.9。建立花生的三轴尺寸,根据实验法测得花生的尺寸数据,确定一级筛网Ⅰ-0302选择25×15mm的椭圆形平面冲孔筛、二级筛网Ⅰ-0305选择17×6mm的椭圆形平面冲孔筛。三级筛网Ⅰ-0308选择8mm的圆形平面冲孔筛。每层筛网的四周设有挡板,防止物料在筛分过程中被甩出。
参照附图5所示,螺旋花生破壳系统包括第一传输机构Ⅱ-01、螺旋破壳装置Ⅱ-02、第一负压吸附装置Ⅱ-03,所述第一传输机构Ⅱ-01设置于破壳装置Ⅱ-02前方,破壳装置Ⅱ-02后方设置第一负压吸附装置Ⅱ-03,花生分级后,经第一传输机构Ⅱ-01将花生送入螺旋破壳装置Ⅱ-02,经螺旋破壳装置Ⅱ-02破壳后,花生壳与花生仁在第一负压吸附装置Ⅱ-03进行分离。
参照附图5所示所述螺旋破壳装置Ⅱ-02包括螺旋破壳转子Ⅱ-0202,周围由圆形顶盖Ⅱ-0201和方形栅条Ⅱ-0201通过Ⅱ-0205-螺旋模块固定螺栓进行固定,来包覆螺旋破壳转子Ⅱ-0202,通过调整螺旋破壳转子Ⅱ-0201的水平角度,可以使螺旋破壳转子Ⅱ-0201与方形栅条Ⅱ-0206的间隙形成间距的无极变换,对不同规格花生进行自适应挤压破壳,前圆形固定板Ⅱ-0203,后圆形固定板Ⅱ-0204固定在螺旋破壳转子Ⅱ-0202前后方对螺旋破壳转子Ⅱ-0202起到固定支撑作用,同时后圆形固定板Ⅱ-0204与圆形顶盖Ⅱ-0201和方形栅条Ⅱ-0201形成密封结构,防止花生漏出,前圆形固定板Ⅱ-0203与方形栅条Ⅱ-0201之间有空间,可以使破壳后的花生从前方漏出。
参照附图7所示,包括第二传输机构Ⅲ-01、气爆装置Ⅲ-02、拨动装置Ⅲ-03,烘干装置Ⅲ-04,第二负压吸附装置Ⅲ-05,
第二传输机构由喂料装置进料,通过内部的坡度来进行对柔性传送带的喂料操作,所设置的喂料装置的坡度对花生的下落起到缓冲作用。由输料步进电机驱动输料主动轴进行柔性传送带的输料操作,末端到达输料滑板滑落至后续工序,由于输料滑板的存在,使得花生进入后续处理装置减少损伤。如图8(a)所示,气爆装置Ⅲ-02包括气爆发生室Ⅲ-0201,其上附有蒸汽发生器接口Ⅲ-0202,与蒸汽发生器进行连接,产生蒸汽,另附有冷凝水排出回收口,与后续空气能热泵进行相连,便于冷凝水的回收工作,具有较高的经济效益,另附有泄压阀连接口Ⅲ-0206,通过泄压操作来进行快速泄压处理,使得花生红衣由于压强差而造成破裂;参照附图8(b)所示,气爆发生室Ⅲ-0201内设置气爆缓冲毛刷Ⅲ-0211,气爆不锈钢传送网 Ⅲ-0210。气爆进料滑门Ⅲ-08与气爆进料滑轨Ⅲ-07运动,物料通过输料滑板向气爆不锈钢传送网Ⅲ-0210进行输送,经过缓冲毛刷Ⅲ-0211的作用来使得花生仁避免堆积现象,降低对花生仁的损伤。采用蒸汽发生器连接蒸汽发生器接口Ⅲ-0202对花生充分的进行表面浸润,再利用泄压阀连接口Ⅲ-0206使花生红衣由于压强差产生气爆现象。从而使得花生红衣与花生仁分离。气爆过程完成后,通过出料滑门Ⅲ-0203与出料滑轨Ⅲ-0204的配合来使得物料落入后续处理装置中。物料由拨动进料机构进料,通过拨动驱动电机带动拨动叶片转动,使物料由拨动出料机构,进入下一个环节。由于拨动驱动电机转速的控制,能更好的控制物料的进给速率。参照附图9(a)所示,通过烘干进料滑轨Ⅲ-0406与烘干进料滑门Ⅲ-0405来进行花生仁进料操作,运输到烘干振动传送装置Ⅲ-0409,一部分脱离的红衣进入到烘干红衣收集箱Ⅲ-0411中。烘干过程是由空气能热泵与空气能热源口Ⅲ-0404进行连接提供热量,烘干风机Ⅲ-0407进行热量的输送过程。烘干过程完成后,由烘干出料滑轨Ⅲ-0402以及烘干出料滑门Ⅲ-0403的配合,以及烘干运送导轨Ⅲ-0412与烘干运送轨道Ⅲ-0413来进行与后续装置的交接。在交接过程中,烘干红衣收集箱Ⅲ-0411被烘干密封板所阻隔,形成封闭回路,便于后续的红衣收集操作。物料通过烘干装置Ⅲ-04的交接进入到第二负压吸附装置,烘干红衣收集箱与一级负压收集机构进行交接,由于负压风机的负压效果,使得一级负压收集机构上的气囊向内收缩,使得管道形成封闭,减少了负压吸附的吸力损耗。物料由负压传送装置进行运输,通过二级负压收集装置进行二次收集红衣操作。并由负压管路进入储料单元,储料单元上部带有铁网,防止红衣的收集不完整。
参照附图10所示,螺旋推送滚筒式花生仁分级机由第二机架Ⅳ-01,第一进料装置Ⅳ-02,输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03及清筛装置Ⅳ-04四部分构成,
第一进料装置Ⅳ-02位于输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03的斜上方,清筛装置Ⅳ-04位于输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03的正上方,输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03的下方为各级出料口。其中,进料斗由进料斗固定杆固定在第二机架Ⅳ-01上,输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03通过输送筛分滚筒轴Ⅳ-0302由输送筛分滚筒固定轴承固定在第二机架Ⅳ-01上,输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03外侧为外层遮料圆筒,下侧为各级出料口。清筛装置Ⅳ-04位于输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03的正上方,通过清筛拍打辊转轴穿过两端清筛拍打辊固定板,再由清筛拍打辊固定轴承固定在第二机架Ⅳ-01上。如附图2,螺旋推送滚筒式花生仁分级机由变频电机提供动力,由主动皮带轮、皮带和从动皮带轮配合实现传动。如附图11,输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03内设有内置齿形螺旋叶片Ⅳ-0303,内置齿形螺旋叶片Ⅳ-0303安置在输送筛分滚筒轴Ⅳ-0302上,输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03外周为4段间隙不同的分级圆管Ⅳ-0301,输送筛分滚筒轴Ⅳ-0302与分级圆管Ⅳ-0301由输送筛分滚筒连接杆Ⅳ-0304焊接固定。如附图7,在输送筛分装置Ⅳ-03上每段分级圆管Ⅳ-0301两端的连接处,设有直径大于分级圆管直径0.6mm的分级圆管限位凹槽,使分级圆管在误差为±0.3mm的范围内随机平动,实现花生仁的柔性筛分。
参照附图12和附图13所示,流化床对撞式气流机械花生壳超微粉碎系统由第二进料装置Ⅴ-01,冲击式机械一次粉碎装置Ⅴ-02,对喷式气流二次粉碎装置Ⅴ-03,离心式涡轮分级装置Ⅴ-04,第三机架Ⅴ-05构成。所述第二进料装置设置于冲击式机械一次粉碎装置右侧,离心式涡轮分级装置设置于对撞式气流二次粉碎装置上方,对撞式气流二次粉碎装置下方分别设置进料口、冲击式机械一次粉碎装置。
第二进料装置Ⅴ-01进料筒焊接固定于冲击式机械一次粉碎装置Ⅴ-02外筒壁,第二进料装置由固定于第三机架Ⅴ-05上的步进电机驱动,控制花生壳的进料速度。冲击式机械一次粉碎装置Ⅴ-02通过底部的三相步进电机驱动其粉碎转盘高速转动,花生壳在冲击式机械一次粉碎装置Ⅴ-02粉碎转盘及圆弧形内衬板的冲击碰撞下完成一次超微粉碎工作;一次超微粉碎的花生壳将在冲击式机械一次粉碎装置Ⅴ-02粉碎转盘上倾斜的粉碎叶片的带动下进入对喷式气流二次粉碎装置Ⅴ-03,对喷式气流二次粉碎装置Ⅴ-03内筒壁布置有上下两层的拉瓦尔喷嘴,在拉瓦尔喷嘴所产生的超音速气流的作用下一次超微粉碎的花生壳流态化,被加速的花生壳微粒在拉瓦尔喷嘴的交汇点汇合,产生剧烈的冲击、碰撞而被二次超微粉碎。二次超微粉碎后的花生壳细粉随气流一起运动到上部的离心式涡轮分级装置Ⅴ-04,离心式涡轮分级装置Ⅴ-04的涡轮分级转子高速转动,利用花生壳细粉离心力的不同完成花生壳细粉的分级筛分工作,达到粉碎要求的花生壳超微粉自出料口排出,完成花生壳的超微粉碎工序。
参照附图14所示,离心式涡轮分级装置分级室上套筒Ⅴ-0406与离心式涡轮分级装置分级室外筒Ⅴ-0405通过紧固螺栓固定连接,离心式涡轮分级装置分级室外筒Ⅴ-0405向上渐缩7°,这是因为气流在轴向运动过程中逐步进入分级区,减少了分级区轴向气流的流量。分级区轴向气流的减少,会导致颗粒在分级区部分分离,形成分级区上下区域的颗粒浓度不均匀和颗粒的粒径大小不均匀,向上渐缩7°的离心式涡轮分级装置分级室外筒Ⅴ-0405能够保证分级区轴向气流的均匀性,从而使分级区上下的气固浓度及颗粒的大小分布均匀,提高分级精度。离心式涡轮分级装置Ⅴ-04的伺服电机Ⅴ-0408通过紧固螺栓模块Ⅴ-0401固定在离心式涡轮分级装置分级室上套筒Ⅴ-0406上部。涡轮分级转子Ⅴ-0404通过涡轮分级转子轴系模块Ⅴ-0402及联轴器Ⅴ-0407与伺服电机Ⅴ-0408连接,实现了花生壳超微粉的离心涡轮分级。
参照附图15所示,花生壳超微粉分级包装系统包括打散送料装置Ⅵ-01、旋风筛板分级装置Ⅵ-02、定量密实包装装置Ⅵ-03。
参照附图16(a)-附图16(b)所示,储料仓Ⅵ-0101下方设置缓冲漏斗Ⅵ-0102,焊接在螺旋送料腔体Ⅵ-0103上方,缓冲漏斗Ⅵ-0102的四壁倾斜度各不相同,其作用是使粉体下落速度产生差异化而避免结拱;螺旋送料电机Ⅵ-0107驱动双头螺旋螺杆Ⅵ-0104,双头螺旋叶片Ⅵ-0105的剪切作用对粉体物料充分打散并送至出料口。从空气压缩机Ⅵ-0109引入的气流依次经过储气罐Ⅵ-0110、空气干燥器Ⅵ-0111,其作用为充分干燥气流;气流流经文丘里管式三通Ⅵ-0112,气流急剧加速,同时花生壳超微粉在自身重力与负压吸附的吸力作用进入文丘里管式三通Ⅵ-0112,高速气流对微粉产生强烈的冲击作用,聚团被破碎,进行完全打散。
参照附图17所示,超微粉在高速气流的作用下经进风进料口Ⅵ-0201进入分级腔Ⅵ-0203,在下漩涡的作用下,粒径大的颗粒沿筛网Ⅵ-0204旋转下落,粒径小于孔径的穿过筛网沿中粉出料管Ⅵ-0206下落,粒径大于孔径的则沿筛网落至粗粉出料管Ⅵ-0207,在分级叶轮Ⅵ-0205高速旋转的作用下,夹带的粒径大的颗粒被碰撞拦截下来,细粉随气流至细粉出料管Ⅵ-0208。
参照附图18所示,分级后的花生壳超微粉经进料漏斗Ⅵ-0301进入称重机构Ⅵ-0302,用于计量超微粉的重量,定量完毕后,夹持机臂Ⅵ-0303进行固定布袋,振动密实机构Ⅵ-0304和拍打密实机构Ⅵ-0305共同作用,完成密实工作,随即通过传送带Ⅵ-0306将其输送完成花生壳超微粉体分级包装工作。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本公开,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
上述虽然结合附图对本公开的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本公开保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本公开的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本公开的保护范围以内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:包括花生清选系统、破壳系统、去红衣系统、花生仁分级系统、超微粉碎系统和分级包装系统,其中:
    所述花生清选系统包括进料口和振动筛分装置,所述振动筛分装置至少具有用于输出花生荚果的第一出料口和输出杂质的第二出料口;
    所述破壳系统包括螺旋破壳装置,所述破壳系统与第一出料口通过第一传输机构连接,所述破壳系统至少具有两个出料口,第三出料口用于输出带红衣的花生果,第四出料口用于输出花生壳;
    所述去红衣系统和所述第三出料口之间设置有第二传输机构;
    所述花生仁分级系统包括第一进料装置和输送筛分装置,所述第一进料装置与所述去红衣系统的输出口连接;
    所述超微粉碎系统,包括依次分布的第二进料装置、粉碎装置和分级装置,所述第二进料装置与所述第四出料口连接;
    所述分级包装系统接收经过所述超微粉碎系统处理的花生壳超微粉,被配置为对其进行筛分和包装。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述花生清选系统包括依次分布的第一送料装置、风选装置和振动筛分装置,所述第一送料装置间歇送料至风选装置;
    所述风选装置在物料由重力作用下滑到振动筛分装置上的过程中,对物料中的轻杂质进行负压吸附;
    所述振动筛分装置包括多级筛网及两个转轴呈一定角度的振动电机,所述多级筛网整体作复旋型振动,所述多级筛网分别呈不同的角度安装。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述螺旋破壳装置,包括螺旋破壳转子,所述螺旋破壳转子外围设置有栅条,螺旋破壳转子与栅条的间距可调且间距内设置有螺旋破壳模块,螺旋破壳模块用于对花生进行挤压破壳。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述螺旋破壳装置输出端设置有第一负压吸附装置,第一负压吸附装置用于吸附水平输送带上的花生壳以分离花生仁与花生壳。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述超微粉碎系统包括第二进料装置、一次粉碎装置、二次粉碎装置和分级装置,其中:
    第二进料装置包括一进料管路和设置在进料管路内的旋转件,所述旋转件与第一驱动机构连接;
    所述一次粉碎装置的进料口与第二进料装置末端连接,所述一次粉碎装置包括粉碎转盘与设置在粉碎转盘外侧的内衬板,所述粉碎转盘上布设有多个倾斜设置的冲击粉碎叶片,所述粉碎转盘与第二驱动机构连接;
    所述二次粉碎装置设置于所述一次粉碎装置的上侧,具有一粉碎室,粉碎室的四周分布 有多个喷嘴,且各喷嘴的中心线能够交汇于同一点;
    所述分级装置包括分级筒,所述分级筒与所述粉碎室连通,且位于粉碎室上方,所述分级筒内设置有涡轮分级转子,涡轮分级转子圆周设置有多个分级叶片,所述涡轮分级转子与第三驱动机构连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述一次粉碎装置内壁分布有内衬板,所述内衬板的内沿设置有多个圆弧形凹槽,相邻的圆弧形凹槽之间;
    所述二次粉碎装置的内壁设置有内衬板,所述内衬板表面为锯齿形;
    所述分级装置为离心式涡轮分级装置,包括分级筒、设置在分级筒内的涡轮分级转子和驱动机构,涡轮分级转子圆周均匀分布多个分级叶片,涡轮分级转子通过密闭的轴系连接驱动机构,分级筒的上方设置出料口。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述分级包装系统的筛分装置包括分级腔,所述分级腔包括圆筒部和与圆筒部下侧的圆锥部,进风进料口和进风口对称切向布置在圆筒部的中间位置,所述圆筒部内设有与圆筒部同轴的圆筒状筛网分级腔,所述筛网分级腔内设有与圆筒部同轴的分级叶轮;
    所述称重机构用于对分级后的微粉进行称重;
    所述密实机构用于对称重后的微粉进行装袋和拍打。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述去红衣系统包括气爆装置、拨动装置、烘干装置及第二负压吸附装置;
    所述气爆装置接收输送来的待去除红衣的花生物料,被配置为在压强差的作用下对其气爆,完成花生仁与花生红衣初步脱离;
    所述拨动装置将初步脱离的花生仁与花生红衣拨动进入烘干装置;
    所述烘干装置将外界的空气进行压缩升温,通过热风来进行热量的传递,对初步脱离的花生仁与花生红衣进行加热烘干,使得花生红衣与花生仁充分分离;
    所述第二负压吸附装置通过负压吸附方式将充分分离的密度质量不同花生仁与红衣进行分别收集。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的一种花生全流程生产线,其特征是:所述所述花生仁分级系统还包括清筛装置,所述输送筛分装置包括输送筛分滚筒,其由至少两级等直径的滚筒构成;每级滚筒由若干圆管均匀围成,每级滚筒的圆管间隙不同;靠近进料口处的滚筒为第一级滚筒,其圆管间隙最小,后级滚筒的圆管间隙相比于前级滚筒的圆管间隙逐级增大;
    所述清筛装置,其设置在输送筛分装置上方;所述清筛装置与输送筛分滚筒接触拍打,实现输送筛分滚筒的清筛。
  10. 一种花生全流程生产方法,其特征是:包括以下工序:花生清选除杂、花生破壳、花生仁去红衣和花生壳超微粉碎,对去红衣后的花生仁分级,花生壳超微粉体分级包装。
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