WO2021189742A1 - 一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统 - Google Patents

一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021189742A1
WO2021189742A1 PCT/CN2020/105227 CN2020105227W WO2021189742A1 WO 2021189742 A1 WO2021189742 A1 WO 2021189742A1 CN 2020105227 W CN2020105227 W CN 2020105227W WO 2021189742 A1 WO2021189742 A1 WO 2021189742A1
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Prior art keywords
cover
plate
horizontal
air
tank
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2020/105227
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪深
刘运良
董文清
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Hunan Beetle Environmental Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Hunan Beetle Environmental Science And Technology Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/02—Biological treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
    • B01D50/60—Combinations of devices covered by groups B01D46/00 and B01D47/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aerobic fermentation equipment, in particular to a horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor and a waste heat utilization and water removal system.
  • manure, sludge, organic waste and other organic wastes are large and highly concentrated. If they cannot be disposed of in a timely and effective manner, they can easily cause environmental pollution and become an environmental disaster.
  • the aerobic fermentation treatment of manure, sludge and organic wastes and other organic wastes can firstly convert the perishable organic matter into organic nutrient soil that is acceptable to the soil. Secondly, the high temperature fermentation in the composting process causes the waste
  • the germs and parasite eggs are basically killed, eliminating the spread of harmful germs, and at the same time turning garbage into organic fertilizer, realizing resource recovery, meeting resource requirements, and promoting a virtuous cycle of natural materials. It not only effectively solves the problem of reduction of feces, sludge and organic garbage. It also solves the environmental pollution problem of feces, sludge and organic garbage.
  • aerobic fermentation is an ideal treatment method that combines weight reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization.
  • the common methods of aerobic fermentation mainly include site compost fermentation, vertical fermentation tank fermentation and horizontal drum fermentation reactor fermentation.
  • the use of horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor has the obvious advantages of high fermentation efficiency, fast decomposition speed, short cycle, uniform material fermentation, good air permeability, small footprint, and low operating energy consumption.
  • the seal between the end sealing plate and the end of the fermentation cylinder is an important factor in determining the effect of aerobic fermentation of biological organic matter. Poor sealing will not only cause material leakage, but also In the process of system ventilation, the air path will be short-circuited from the cover and the odor will overflow, which will cause insufficient oxygen supply inside the tank and the waste gas and evaporated water vapor produced by fermentation cannot be effectively discharged; if the seal is too tight, then It will cause excessive driving resistance and require a lot of energy consumption.
  • the sealing methods used in horizontal aerobic fermentation reactors mainly include mechanical seal and labyrinth seal.
  • the mechanical seal performance is relatively reliable, but it requires high manufacturing and assembly accuracy, and the production cost is relatively high.
  • the sealing material needs to be close to the fermentation cylinder, but the manufacturing accuracy of large equipment is difficult to ensure, so the friction resistance is large.
  • Drive energy consumption is high; due to the frequent rotation of the drum, the sealing material is severely worn and needs to be replaced frequently. If it is not replaced in time, it will affect the sealing effect. If it is replaced in time, it will need to be shut down for maintenance, wasting manpower and material resources, and seriously affecting the continuity of production.
  • the labyrinth seal has the advantages of simple structure and low production cost.
  • a relatively large gap needs to be set between the end cap and the fermentation cylinder. This makes it easy to produce obvious material leakage and air leakage.
  • the material leakage needs to be cleaned and returned, which requires a lot of labor, and also causes the production site to be messy.
  • the air leakage will short-circuit the oxygen supply and deodorization air path, and the odor will overflow.
  • the main purpose of aerobic fermentation is to effectively realize the harmlessness and reduction of organic manure. According to the characteristics of aerobic fermentation, maintaining the high temperature of the system can make the system have a higher fermentation efficiency, so that bacteria and pathogens can be killed more fully, and it can also accelerate the degradation of antibiotics in the manure, and make it more harmless. ; But the high temperature aerobic fermentation process will produce a large amount of high temperature and high humidity odor.
  • An excellent reactor not only needs to collect and harmlessly treat the waste gas generated during the fermentation process, but also needs to exhaust the air containing a large amount of water vapor. The odor is discharged in time, and fresh oxygen is introduced into the fermentation materials, thereby promoting the continuous and efficient fermentation of the materials and taking away the moisture in the fermentation materials, realizing effective reduction.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a method that can solve the problem of material leakage and air leakage between the drum and the end cover of the horizontal drum reactor, and realize the exhaust gas while removing moisture.
  • the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is a horizontal aerobic fermentation reactor and a waste heat utilization and water removal system, which includes an aerobic fermentation reactor, a steam-water separator, and a circulating fan that are sequentially connected by a wind pipe. Closed loop air path; the air pipe pipeline is provided with a bypass pipeline I and a bypass pipeline II, the bypass pipeline I is close to the air inlet of the circulating fan and directly communicates with the atmosphere, the aerobic fermentation reactor includes The horizontal drum fermentation tank, the supporting wheel set, and the rotary drive device; the horizontal drum fermentation tank and the cover form a closed fermentation space; the horizontal drum fermentation tank is provided with a copy plate inside, and the rotary drive device drives the horizontal The drum fermenter rotates, so that the fermented material is rolled under the action of the rotating horizontal drum fermentor and the transfer plate to obtain oxygen, and aerobic fermentation is realized; the cover includes a feed side cover and a discharge side cover with the same principle The upper part of the feed side cover is provided with a feed inlet and an air outlet; the
  • the material side sealing cover includes a cover plate, an inner ring, a cover, and a sealing plate.
  • the inner ring is vertically fixed on the inner plane of the cover plate, and its outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the horizontal drum fermentation tank;
  • the sealing cover and the sealing plate are arranged on the outer side of the horizontal drum fermentation tank.
  • One end of the sealing cover is fixed on the inner plane of the cover plate, and the other end is connected to the sealing plate.
  • the sealing plate, the inner ring and the horizontal drum are fermented
  • the tank body is kept coaxial, and the cover plate, inner ring, sealing cover and the horizontal drum fermentation tank body form a labyrinth sealing mechanism, and the material sandwiched in it acts as a flexible sealing ring.
  • a regulating air valve I is provided on the bypass line I for adjusting the intake air volume of fresh air; and a regulating air valve II is provided on the bypass line II for adjusting the exhaust air volume of the exhaust gas.
  • a sealing plate is provided between the sealing cover and the pressure plate, and the end faces of the pressure plate and the sealing plate are provided with a through waist-shaped hole to facilitate the adjustment of the coaxiality between the sealing plate and the pressure plate and the horizontal drum fermentation tank.
  • the middle of the outer bottom of the cover plate is provided with a cleaning hole at a position corresponding to the edge of the horizontal drum fermentation tank.
  • the upper height of the cleaning hole is lower than the outer diameter of the inner ring, and the lower height is higher than The inner diameter of the sealing cover; a sealing door is arranged outside the cleaning hole.
  • the inside of the exhaust port is a horn-shaped pipeline with an irregular polygon in section
  • the large diameter of the exhaust port is fixed on the opening of the cover plate
  • the small diameter of the exhaust port is connected with the air pipe or the drain joint
  • the exhaust direction is from
  • the horizontal drum fermentation tank enters through the opening of the cover plate, passes through the large and small diameters of the exhaust outlet in turn, and then enters the air duct or drain joint
  • under the exhaust outlet is a slope greater than the angle of repose of the material to ensure the accumulation of the inner cavity of the exhaust outlet The material returns to the horizontal drum fermentation tank;
  • the opening of the cover plate is an irregular polygon corresponding to the large diameter of the exhaust port, the upper end surface is a circular arc surface concentric with the inner ring and the diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner ring, and the lower end surface is closer to the center of the cover plate
  • the slope with the higher side, the other two surfaces are vertical surface I and vertical surface II, the lowest point of the slope is higher than the maximum charging height; there is a baffle plate outside the vertical surface I close to the vertical centerline of the cover plate, The upper edge of the baffle plate is connected with the inner ring, and its lowest point is lower than the lowest point of the inclined plane, preventing the materials raised during the rotation of the horizontal drum fermentation tank from entering the air outlet.
  • the base of the cover is provided with a horizontal and transverse U-shaped hole that is perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal drum fermentation tank, and the position on the base corresponding to the U-shaped hole of the cover base is provided with parallel to the horizontal drum fermentation tank.
  • the horizontal and longitudinal waist-shaped holes in the axial direction; the bases on both sides of the cover are respectively provided with tension adjustment screws along the axis of the horizontal drum fermentation tank, and the ends of the tension adjustment screws are fixedly connected with the base of the cover.
  • a locking block is arranged on the seat corresponding to the tightening adjustment screw rod, and the tightening adjustment screw penetrates the locking block.
  • the steam-water separator includes a tank body with an air inlet and an air outlet on both sides, a reversing plate, a reversing tube, a filter grid, a spiral guide plate, a liquid distributor, a liquid guide tube, a drain port, U-shaped water seal, cleaning port and support;
  • the reversing plate is diagonally welded inside the tank to isolate the air inlet from the air outlet; the reversing pipe penetrates the oblique reversing plate, and the reversing plate and the reversing pipe are fixedly connected as a whole;
  • the filter grid is a trumpet-shaped structure with a large bottom and a small top, and its upper end surface is sealed and fixed with the lower end surface of the reversing tube, and the inner and outer circle diameters of the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the reversing tube are inner and outer diameters.
  • the outer diameter of the lower end surface of the filter grille is smaller than the inner diameter of the tank, and the effective cross-sectional area between it and the tank body is not less than the effective cross-sectional area of the spiral part of the air path in the tank body. Equipped with honeycomb-shaped oblique capillary ducts, the airflow enters the reversing tube from the lower capillary duct of the filter grid, so that the moisture in the airflow is further separated, and the separated water is along the tube of the capillary duct Flow down from the wall to the bottom of the tank for collection;
  • the spiral guide plate is arranged below the reversing plate and fixed on the outside of the reversing tube in the height direction, and its length extends to be flush with the lower end surface of the filter grid.
  • the outer diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the tank; the liquid distribution plate is arranged horizontally directly below the filter grid and fixed on the inner wall of the tank.
  • the core plate of the liquid distribution plate has a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the lower end surface of the filter grid
  • the lowest point of the U-shaped water seal trap is provided with a cleaning port; the bottom of the tank is provided with a support, and the support is fixedly connected with the tank.
  • the drain joint is a three-way structure composed of two horizontal and vertical pipes, the horizontal pipe is provided with an air inlet II, and the air inlet II is provided with a flange connected to the air outlet of the aerobic fermentation reactor,
  • the top of the vertical pipe is an air outlet, and a filter is also arranged near the air outlet;
  • the bottom end of the vertical pipe is fixedly connected with a U-shaped water seal; the U-shaped water seal is used to control the height of water accumulation in the vertical pipe , So that the condensed water in the drain joint is automatically discharged; the lowest point of the U-shaped water seal trap is provided with a cleaning port.
  • a gas heater is provided between the air outlet of the circulating fan and the air inlet of the aerobic fermentation reactor for heating the gas entering the aerobic fermentation reactor.
  • bypass pipeline II is connected to a deodorizing device, and the deodorizing device includes a deodorizing fan and a deodorizing filter tower.
  • the aerobic fermentation reactor, the drain joint, the steam-water separator, and the outside of the air pipe are all covered with heat preservation and heat insulation materials.
  • the aerobic fermentation reactor adopts a new type of sealing structure, making full use of the materials accumulated in the enclosure as the sealing packing, using the material itself as the packing, no cost, the packing layer can be repaired independently, the sealing effect is good, and at the same time, it can be maximized To prevent air leakage and material leakage;
  • a labyrinth quick cleaning door is opened on the cover of the horizontal drum fermentation tank, which can clean up the accumulated material inside the labyrinth in time without stopping the machine. It is easy to operate and can effectively prevent the friction of the labyrinth. Excessive resistance causes the horizontal drum fermentation tank to jam;
  • the circulating fan is installed at the back end of the steam-water separator. After the exhaust gas is dewatered and dried, all the air entering the circulating fan is dry gas, which can effectively avoid water storage in the fan, reduce fan failures, and extend the life of the fan;
  • the exhaust port in the preferred scheme adopts a non-standard horn-shaped "box-shaped" design, making full use of the material accumulation characteristics in the tank, which can maximize the diameter of the exhaust hole, reduce the wind speed of the tuyere, and reduce the material being sucked into the air.
  • the material in the reactor can be minimized to enter the wind pipe, thereby effectively solving the problem of clogging of the wind pipe.
  • the hydrophobic joint in the preferred scheme greatly reduces the entry of materials and water into the circulation system, improves the separation effect, and reduces the failure rate of the system.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an aerobic fermentation reactor in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feeding side cover and the sealing device in the embodiment shown in Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the discharge side cover and the sealing device in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view C-C in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial enlarged view I of Fig. 2;
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view A-A of Figure 2;
  • Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view IV in the sectional view A-A of Fig. 2;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the cover in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view B-B of Figure 9;
  • Fig. 11 is a partial enlarged view III of Fig. 10;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrophobic node in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the steam-water separator in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • L2-Vertical plane II 1010-connecting bolt, 1020 tightening adjustment screw, 1021 locking block; 201-outlet, 202-inlet II, 203-filter, 204-U-shaped water seal of drain joint , 205-cleaning port of the drain joint; 301-tank body, 302-air inlet, 303-air outlet, 304-reversing plate, 305-reversing tube, 306-filter grid, 307-spiral guide plate, 308-liquid plate, 309-liquid pipe, 310-drainage port, 311-U-shaped water seal of steam-water separator, 312-cleaning port of steam-water separator, 313-support.
  • this embodiment includes an aerobic fermentation reactor 1, a steam-water separator 3, and a circulating fan 4 connected by an air pipe 5 in order to form a closed-loop air path.
  • the pipeline between the air inlet of the circulation fan 4 and the air outlet of the steam-water separator 3 is provided with a bypass pipeline I6a and a bypass pipeline II6b, the bypass pipeline I6a is close to the circulation fan 4 and directly connected to the atmosphere,
  • An air regulating valve I7a is provided on the bypass pipeline I6a to adjust the intake of fresh air; the bypass pipeline II6b is far away from the circulating fan 4, and its tail end is connected with the deodorizing device, and is connected to the bypass pipeline.
  • There is a regulating air valve II7b on II6b which is used to adjust the air volume of exhaust gas.
  • the deodorizing device includes a deodorizing fan 9 and a deodorizing filter tower 8 connected behind the regulating air valve II 7b.
  • the deodorizing fan 9 is used to overcome the filtering wind resistance of the deodorizing filter tower 8 to ensure the wind pressure balance between the bypass pipe II 6b and the air pipe 5.
  • gas heater 10 between the air outlet of the circulating fan 4 and the air inlet of the aerobic fermentation reactor 1, which can heat the gas entering the aerobic fermentation reactor 1, and can ensure fermentation in extremely low temperature weather or regions.
  • the stability of the internal temperature of the tank; in order to reduce the thermal energy loss of the system as much as possible, the aerobic fermentation reactor 1, the drain joint 2, the steam-water separator 3, and the air pipe 5 are all covered with thermal insulation materials.
  • the aerobic fermentation reactor 1 is a horizontal rotating drum type aerobic fermentation reactor, including a horizontal drum fermentation tank 101, a supporting wheel set 102, a rotary drive device 103, a cover and a base 106, wherein
  • the cover includes a feed-side cover 104 and a discharge-side cover 105, and the structure and principle of the feed-side cover 104 and the discharge-side cover 105 are exactly the same.
  • the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101, the feed side cover 104, and the discharge side cover 105 form a closed fermentation space; the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101 is provided with a copy board 107 inside.
  • the rotary drive device 103 drives the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101 to rotate, so that the material in the drum fermentation tank 101 is rolled under the action of the drum fermentation tank 101 and the squeegee 107 to obtain oxygen, and aerobic fermentation is realized; the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101 Placed on the power roller set 102, the support roller set 102, the rotary drive device 103, the feed side cover 104 and the discharge side cover 105 are all fixed on the base 106.
  • the upper part of the feeding side cover and sealing device 104 is provided with a feed inlet 111 and an exhaust outlet 112, and the middle part is provided with a material level observation hole 113; the upper part of the discharge side cover and sealing device 105 is provided Observe the sampling port 121 and the air inlet I 122, the discharge port 123 is provided under the cover on the discharge side; the cover on the feed side is provided with an inspection hole 124 and a sensor mounting hole 125, and the cover on the discharge side is provided with a sensor An overhaul door cover is installed outside the installation hole 125 and the overhaul hole 124.
  • the feed-side cover 104 includes a cover plate 1041, an inner ring 1042, a cover 1045, a sealing plate 1047, and a pressure plate 1046.
  • the inner ring 1042 is vertically welded on the inner plane of the cover plate 1041, and its outer diameter is smaller than that of the horizontal
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder of the drum fermentation tank 101; the cover 1045, the pressing plate 1046, and the sealing plate 1047 are arranged on the outside of the cylinder of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101, and one end of the cover 1045 is fixed to the inside of the feed side cover 1041 by bolts
  • the sealing plate 1047 and the pressure plate 1046 are fixed to the other end of the cover 1045 by bolts.
  • the sealing plate 1047 is a rubber plate, which is located between the cover 1045 and the pressure plate 1046, and is pressed and fixed to the cover 1045 by the pressure plate 1046 End face.
  • the sealing plate 1047, the pressing plate 1046, the inner ring 1042 and the cylinder of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101 are required to be coaxial, and the cover plate 1041, the inner ring 1042, the cover 1045, the sealing plate 1047 and the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101
  • the cylinders together form a labyrinth sealing mechanism, and the material W sandwiched between them can play a role similar to a sealing ring.
  • the cover 1045 is divided into three pieces in the circumferential direction, and each piece is fixed and connected as a whole by bolts; a waist-shaped hole is provided on the end surface of the cover 1045 and the sealing plate 1047 to facilitate adjustment
  • the coaxiality and gap between the sealing plate 1047, the pressure plate 1046 and the cylinder of the fermentation tank 101 can adjust the friction resistance, leakage and air leakage of the labyrinth; in the middle of the outer bottom of the cover plate 1041, a position corresponding to the edge of the cylinder is provided Labyrinth cleaning hole 126, the upper height position of the labyrinth cleaning hole 126 is lower than the outer diameter of the inner ring 1042, and the lower height position is higher than the inner diameter of the axial sealing plate 1047 of the enclosure 1045; the labyrinth cleaning hole 126 is used in the labyrinth When the internal material accumulates due to severe drying and excessive frictional resistance, it is convenient to clean the materials in the labyrinth to ensure
  • the inside of the air outlet 112 is a horn-shaped pipeline with an irregular polygonal decreasing section.
  • the large diameter of the air outlet 112 is fixed on the opening of the cover plate 1041, and the small diameter of the air outlet 112 is connected with the hydrophobic joint 2 by a flange.
  • the major and minor diameters of the exhaust vent 112 enter the drainage joint 2; the highest point of the inner hole of the small diameter of the exhaust vent 112 is located on the upper side; the lower end of the exhaust vent 112 is provided with an inclined plane L0 greater than the material repose angle ⁇ , and the slope direction In order to point to the inside and lower part of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101, it is ensured that the material W accumulated in the inner cavity of the air exhaust port 112 returns to the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101.
  • the opening of the cover plate 1041 is an irregular polygon corresponding to the large diameter of the exhaust port 112.
  • the upper end surface Lh is a circular arc surface concentric with the inner ring 1042 and whose diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the inner ring.
  • the lower end surface is close to the cover plate 1041.
  • the central side of the inclined plane L0 is high, and the other two sides are the vertical plane IL1 and the vertical plane IIL2.
  • the lowest point of the inclined plane L0 is higher than the maximum charging height H, and its inclination is greater than the angle of repose ⁇ of the material; near the cover plate 1041
  • a baffle plate 1048 is provided on the outside of the vertical plane IL1 of the vertical centerline.
  • the upper edge of the baffle plate 1048 is connected with the inner ring 1042, and the lowest point is lower than the lowest point of the inclined plane L0 to prevent the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101.
  • the material W raised by the rotation enters the exhaust port 112.
  • the cover and the base 106 are fixedly connected 1010 by bolts; the base of the cover is provided with a horizontal and transverse U-shaped hole perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101.
  • the base The position on 106 corresponding to the U-shaped hole of the cover base is provided with a horizontal longitudinal waist-shaped hole parallel to the axis of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101, so that the distance between the cover and the end surface of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101 can be adjusted at the same time.
  • the end of 1020 is fixedly connected with the base of the cover.
  • a locking block 1021 is provided on the base 106 at a position corresponding to the tightening adjustment screw.
  • the tightening adjustment screw 1020 penetrates the locking block 1021, and the adjustment screw 1020 can be tightened by adjusting.
  • the upper adjusting nut is used to adjust the distance between the cover and the end surface of the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101.
  • the drain joint 2 is a three-way structure composed of two horizontal and vertical pipes.
  • the horizontal pipe is provided with an air inlet II202, and the air inlet II202 is provided with an air outlet 112 connected to the aerobic fermentation reactor 1.
  • the top of the vertical pipe is an air outlet 201, the air outlet 201 is provided with a flange connected to the air pipe 5; a filter 203 is set near the air outlet 201; the bottom end of the vertical pipe is U-shaped
  • the water seal 204 is fixedly connected; the U-shaped water seal 204 is used to control the water accumulation height in the vertical pipeline; the lowest point of the trap of the U-shaped water seal 204 is provided with a cleaning port 205.
  • the steam-water separator 3 includes a tank 301 with an air inlet 302 and an air outlet 303 on both sides, an air inlet 302, an air outlet 303, a reversing plate 304, a reversing tube 305, and a filter grid.
  • the reversing plate 304 is diagonally sealed and welded to the inside of the tank body 301 to isolate the air inlet 302 and the air outlet 303, and are located on both sides respectively, so that the air inlet and outlet of the separator cannot be directly connected; in the middle of the reversing plate 304 There is a hole, the size of which is just enough for the reversing tube 305 to penetrate through it, and the reversing plate 304 and the reversing tube 305 are fixedly connected as a whole by sealing welding; the filter grid 306 is a trumpet-shaped structure with a large bottom and a small top.
  • the upper end surface is sealed and fixed with the lower end surface of the reversing tube 305, and the inner and outer diameter of the upper end surface is the same as the inner and outer diameter of the lower end surface of the reversing pipe 305.
  • the outer diameter of the lower end surface of the filter grid 306 is smaller than that of the tank.
  • the inner diameter of the body 301 and ensure that the through diameter area between it and the tank body is not less than the through diameter area of the spiral part of the air passage in the tank body 301.
  • a series of honeycomb-shaped oblique capillary ducts are arranged inside the filter grid 306, The airflow enters the reversing tube through the capillary duct from the lower part of the filter grid 306, so that the moisture in the airflow is further separated, and the separated water flows down the wall of the capillary duct to the bottom of the tank. collect.
  • the spiral guide plate 307 is arranged below the reversing plate 304 and welded to the outside of the reversing tube 305 in the height direction. Its length extends to be flush with the lower end surface of the filter grid 306. It is smaller than the inner diameter of the tank body 301, and its function is to guide the gas entering the separator to make the gas move downward in the spiral direction; the liquid distribution plate 308 is a conical structure with a middle height and a low circumference. The bottom is arranged horizontally and keeps a certain distance from the lower end surface of the filter grid 306.
  • the core plate of the liquid distribution plate 307 is a solid plate with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the lower end surface of the filter grid 306 and smaller than the inner diameter of the tank body 301, which passes
  • the surrounding legs are fixedly connected to the tank body 301.
  • the catheter 309 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank 301. It is set at the lowest point of the reversing plate 304 and penetrates the reversing plate 304. Its upper end surface is flush with the upper surface of the lowest point of the reversing plate 304, and its lower end penetrates
  • the liquid separating plate 308 has a lower end surface not higher than the lower surface of the liquid separating plate 308.
  • the U-shaped water seal 311 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the drain 310.
  • the U-shaped water seal 311 is used to control the water accumulation height in the steam-water separator 3.
  • a cleaning port 312 is provided at the lowest point of the trap of the U-shaped water seal 311, and the cleaning port 312 can be opened quickly so that it can be convenient when the U-shaped water seal 311 is clogged
  • a support 313 is provided below the tank body 301, and the support 313 is fixedly connected with the tank body 301 as a whole by welding, and is used to support and fix the entire steam-water separator 3.
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101 enters the drainage joint 2 through the air inlet II 201, and then is discharged from the air outlet 202 of the hydrophobic joint 2, during this process, the exhaust gas is taken out from the horizontal drum fermentation tank 101
  • the sundries and the water droplets precipitated from the tail gas fall under the action of gravity and deposit to the lower end of the vertical pipe of the drain joint 2;
  • the exhaust gas discharged from the drain joint 2 is sent into the tank 301 through the air inlet flange of the steam-water separator 3.
  • the exhaust gas spirally moves downward along the spiral guide plate 307. Under the action of centrifugal force, the moisture in the exhaust gas is Separated and flowed along the inner wall of the tank 301 to the bottom of the tank 301 to deposit;
  • the separated dry tail gas enters the upper part of the tank body 301 of the steam-water separator 3 through the reversing pipe 305, and is discharged through the air outlet 303;
  • the regulating air valve I7a and regulating air valve II7b are provided on the bypass pipeline I 6a and the bypass pipeline II 6b, which are used to control and regulate the amount of fresh air introduced and the amount of exhaust gas discharged from the fermentation system, usually both The amount remains the same, which is determined by the amount of oxygen consumed by the system's fermentation.

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Abstract

一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,包括依次通过风管相连接的好氧发酵反应器、汽水分离器、循环风机,风管管路上设置有旁通管路Ⅰ和旁通管路Ⅱ，旁通管路Ⅰ靠近循环风机进风口且直接与大气相通，在旁通管路Ⅰ上设置有调节风阀Ⅰ，用于调节新鲜空气的进气量；在旁通管路Ⅱ上设置有调节风阀Ⅱ，用于调节排出尾气的风量。本发明能解决卧式滚筒反应器滚筒与端部封盖之间的漏料、漏气问题，从而使发酵反应产生的废气能更好地收集治理，能有效带出反应器中的湿空气，并在去除水分的同时实现热量的回收和利用。

Description

一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种好氧发酵设备，具体涉及一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统。
背景技术
人类生活产生的主要副产品：粪便、污泥及有机垃圾等有机废弃物，量大且高度集中，如果不能及时有效处置，极易造成环境污染，成为环境灾难。
将粪便、污泥及有机垃圾等有机废弃物进行好氧发酵处理，首先，可以将其中的易腐有机物转化为土壤易接受的有机营养土，其次，堆肥过程中的高温发酵使垃圾中的致病菌、寄生虫卵基本被杀死，消除了有害病菌的传播，同时把垃圾变成有机肥料，实现了资源回收，达到了资源化的要求，促进了自然界物质良性循环。它不仅有效解决了粪便、污泥及有机垃圾的减量化的问题.而且解决了粪便、污泥及有机垃圾的污染环境问题。
因此，好氧发酵是把减量化、无害化、资源化融为一体的比较理想的处理方法。
目前，好氧发酵常见的方式主要有场地堆肥发酵、立式发酵罐发酵和卧式滚筒发酵反应器发酵。其中利用卧式好氧发酵反应器发酵具有发酵效率高、分解速度快、周期短，物料发酵均匀，透气性好、占地面积小、运行能耗低等显著优点。
对于卧式好氧发酵反应器来说，端部封板和发酵筒体的端部之间的密封是决定生物有机质好氧发酵效果的一个重要因素，密封不好，不仅会造成漏料，还会在系统通风的过程中，造成风路从封盖处短路，臭气外溢，从而造成罐体内部供氧不足和发酵产生的废气和蒸发的水蒸气也无法有效排出；如果密封过紧，则会造成驱动阻力过大，需要大量耗能。
目前，卧式好氧发酵反应器采用的密封方式主要有机械密封和迷宫密封两种。
机械密封性能相对可靠，但是其对制造和装配精度要求高，制作成本相对也比较高，为了保证密封效果，密封材料需紧贴发酵筒体，但大型设备制造精度难以保证，因此摩擦阻力大，驱动能耗高；由于转筒的频繁转动，密封材料磨损严重，需要频繁更换，更换不及时则会影响密封效果，及时更换则需要停机检修，浪费人力物力，还严重影响生产的连续性。
迷宫密封具有结构简单，制作成本低的优点，但受其制造和装配等精度的限制，为了保证发酵筒体的顺畅运转，端部封盖与发酵筒体之间需要设置比较大的间隙，这使得其容易产生明显的漏料和漏风，漏料需要清理回流，需要消耗大量的人工，还造成生产现场脏乱差；漏风则会使供氧和除臭风路短路，还会臭气外溢，从而造成罐体内部供氧不足，并且发酵产生的臭气和蒸发的水蒸气无法有效排出，从而严重影响发酵效果；且迷宫内容易积料，不易 清理，容易出现物料干结而卡死，需要停机清理，严重影响生产的连续性。
好氧发酵主要的目的就是为了有效地实现有机粪污的无害化和减量化。根据好氧发酵特性，维持系统高温可以使系统具有更高的发酵效率，使细菌和病原体能够得到更充分的灭杀，还能加速对粪污中的抗生素的降解，无害化也更为彻底；但高温好氧发酵过程会产生大量的高温高湿的臭气，优秀的反应器不仅需要将发酵过程中产生的废气进行收集和无害化治理，还需要通过排风将含有大量水蒸气的臭气及时排出，同时为发酵物料引入新鲜氧气，从而促进物料持续高效的发酵并将发酵物料中的水分带走，实现有效的减量化。
目前，为了维持高温好氧发酵的高温环境，大多是依托于外源加热，如热水、导热油或者鼓热风等方式，运行能耗高，经济性比较差；为了达到水分去除效果，需要大量的将发酵罐中的湿空气抽出，也造成臭气的处理量大，收集和治理成本高；而在高温好氧发酵过程中，发酵产生的热量会被抽走的高温湿空气大量带走，而没有回收利用，造成大量的热能损失，大大增加了系统运行成本；现有技术中，通常将湿热废气直接回流，但水汽又被带回到了反应器，被发酵物料吸收，物料的水分没法有效去除，无法做到物料的有效减量化，且由于水分没有被带走，发酵罐筒体内的发酵物料含水率偏高，发酵效率低，发酵效果也差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术的不足，提供一种能解决卧式滚筒反应器滚筒与端部封盖之间的漏料、漏气问题，并在去除水分的同时实现尾气余热循环利用的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统。
本发明解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是，一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统，包括通过风管依次相连接的好氧发酵反应器、汽水分离器、循环风机，形成闭环风路；所述风管管路上设置有旁通管路Ⅰ和旁通管路Ⅱ，所述旁通管路Ⅰ靠近循环风机进风口且直接与大气相通，所述好氧发酵反应器包括卧置滚筒发酵罐、托轮组、回转驱动装置；所述卧置滚筒发酵罐与封盖组成密闭的发酵空间；所述卧置滚筒发酵罐内部设有抄板，所述回转驱动装置驱动卧置滚筒发酵罐旋转，使被发酵物料在旋转卧置滚筒发酵罐及抄板的作用下翻滚获得氧气，实现好氧发酵；所述封盖包括原理相同的进料侧封盖和出料侧封盖，所述进料侧封盖的上部设有进料口和排风口；出料侧封盖的上部设有进风口Ⅰ，下部设有出料口，所述进料侧封盖和出料侧封盖均封盖包括封盖板、内环、封罩、密封板，所述内环垂直固定在封盖板的内侧平面上，其外径小于卧置滚筒发酵罐筒体内径；所述封罩、密封板设于卧置滚筒发酵罐筒体外侧，所述封罩一端固定在封盖板的内侧平面上，另一端连接密封板，所述密封板、内环与卧置滚筒发酵罐筒体保持同轴，封盖板、内环、封罩和卧置滚筒发酵罐筒体组成一个迷宫密封机构，夹在其中的物料起到柔性密封圈的作用。
进一步，在所述旁通管路Ⅰ上设置有调节风阀Ⅰ，用于调节新鲜空气的进气量；所述旁 通管路Ⅱ上设置有调节风阀Ⅱ，用于调节排出尾气风量。
进一步，所述封罩与压板之间设有密封板，所述压板与密封板的端面上设有贯通的腰型孔，以方便调节密封板和压板与卧置滚筒发酵罐之间的同轴度和间隙；所述封盖板的外侧底部中间对应卧置滚筒发酵罐边缘的位置设置有清料孔，所述清料孔的上高度低于所述内环的外径，下高度高于封罩的内径；所述清料孔外设有封门。
进一步，所述排风口内部是截面为不规则多边形的喇叭状管路，排风口大径固定在封盖板的开口上，排风口小径与风管或疏水节连接，排风方向从卧置滚筒发酵罐通过封盖板开口进入，依次通过排风口的大径和小径，再进入风管或疏水节；排风口下边设有大于物料安息角的斜坡，保证排风口内腔堆积物料返回卧置滚筒发酵罐内；
所述封盖板的开口是与排风口大径相对应的不规则多边形，其上端面是与内环同心且直径小于内环内径的圆弧面，下端面是越靠近封盖板的中心侧越高的斜面，另外两面是竖直面I和竖直面II，斜面最低点高于最大装料高度；在靠近封盖板竖直中心线的竖直面I外侧设有挡料板，挡料板的上沿与内环相连，其最低点低于斜面的最低点，阻止卧置滚筒发酵罐筒体在旋转过程中扬起的物料进入排风口。
进一步，所述封盖的底座上设置有垂直与卧置滚筒发酵罐轴线方向的水平横向的U形孔，基座上与封盖底座U形孔对应的位置设置有平行于卧置滚筒发酵罐轴线方向的水平纵向腰型孔；在封盖两侧的底座上分别设置有沿卧置滚筒发酵罐轴线方向的拉紧调节螺杆，拉紧调节螺杆端部与封盖的底座固定连接，在基座上与拉紧调节螺杆对应的位置设置有锁紧块，拉紧调节螺杆贯穿锁紧块。
进一步，所述汽水分离器包括两侧分别设有进气口和出气口的罐体、换向板、换向管、过滤格栅、螺旋导向板、分液板，导液管、排水口、U形水封、清污口和支座；
所述换向板斜向焊接在罐体内部，将进气口与出气口隔离开；所述换向管贯穿倾斜放置的换向板，所述换向板与换向管固定连接为一体；所述过滤格栅为一个下大上小的喇叭形结构，其上端面与所述换向管的下端面密封连接并固定，且其上端面的内外圆直径与换向管的下端面内外圆直径相同，过滤格栅的下端面的外圆直径小于罐体内径，并且其与所述罐体之间的有效截面积不小于罐体内螺旋部分风路的有效截面积，所述过滤格栅内部设置有蜂窝状的斜向毛细风管，气流由过滤格栅的下部毛细风管进入到换向管中，以使气流中的水分进一步被分离，分离出来的水则沿着毛细风管的管壁往下流出到罐底进行收集；
所述螺旋导向板设于换向板的下方，且沿高度方向上固定在所述换向管的外侧，其长度延伸至与所述过滤格栅的下端面平齐，所述螺旋导向板的外径小于罐体内径；所述分液板水平布置于所述过滤格栅的正下方，固定在罐体内壁上，所述分液板的芯板为一个直径大于滤格栅下端面外径且小于罐体内径的实心板；所述导液管固定在罐体内壁上，其上端面与换向 板最低点的上表面平齐，其下端面贯穿分液板且不高于分液板的下表面；所述排水口设于所述罐体的最底部中心位置，所述排水口的下端固定连接U形水封，所述U形水封用来控制汽水分离器中的积水高度；所述U形水封的存水弯的最低点位置设有清污口；所述罐体的下方设有支座，支座与罐体固定连接。
进一步，所述疏水节是由水平和竖直两根管道构成的三通结构，水平管道设置有进风口Ⅱ，进风口Ⅱ处设有与好氧发酵反应器的排风口连接的法兰，竖直管道的顶端为出风口，靠近出风口处还设有过滤器；竖直管道的底端与U型水封固定连接；所述U形水封用来控制竖直管道中的积水高度，使疏水节中的冷凝水自动排出；所述U形水封的存水弯的最低点位置设有清污口。
进一步，所述循环风机的出风口与好氧发酵反应器的进风口之间设有气体加热器，用于对进入好氧发酵反应器的气体进行加热。
进一步，所述旁通管路Ⅱ连接除臭装置，所述除臭装置包括除臭风机和除臭滤塔。
进一步，所述好氧发酵反应器、疏水节、汽水分离器、和风管的外部均包覆有保温隔热材料。
本发明具有以下积极效果：
1.通过汽水分离器将发酵尾气中的水分充分去除后，将干燥的高温尾气回用，冷凝水排出，不仅实现了发酵物料的除水干化的目的，同时可以充分地对发酵热进行循环利用，可以有效保证系统发酵温度的稳定，大大提高发酵效率，尤其对于低温天气和地区意义非常明显；
2.好氧发酵反应器通过采用新型的密封结构，充分利用封罩内部集聚的物料作为密封填料，利用物料本身作为填料，无需成本，填料层还可自主修复，密封效果好，同时可以最大程度的防止漏风和漏料；
3.由于封罩中存有密封填料，密封效果好，迷宫的长度可以做得比较短，可以最大限度的减少摩擦阻力，降低运行能耗；
4.优选方案中，在卧置滚筒发酵罐的封盖上开有迷宫快速清理门，可以及时对迷宫内部的积料做适当的清理，而不需要停机，操作方便，可以有效防止迷宫的摩擦阻力过大造成卧置滚筒发酵罐卡死；
5.优选方案中，通过在封盖底板和整体基座上开长孔，可以有效调节封盖与筒体的中心轴线的相互位置关系，可以方便调节和控制端部的密封效果和漏料情况；
6.通过尾气回流，并辅以补充部分新鲜空气的方式，在保证除湿干化效果的前提下，可以最大限度的减少系统补充的新鲜空气，从而进一步减少了所需处理排放的废气量，大大减轻了尾气处理量，降低了尾气的处理成本；
7.循环风机设置在汽水分离器的后端，尾气经过除水干化后，进入循环风机的均为干燥 气体，可以有效避免风机内部存水，减少风机故障，延长风机寿命；
8.优选方案中的排气口，采用不规格的喇叭状“盒型”设计，充分利用罐内物料堆积特性，可以最大程度增大排气孔通径，降低风口风速，减少物料被吸入风管，同时通过在风口周边设置挡料板，可以最大程度减少反应器内的物料进入到风管中，从而有效解决风管堵塞的问题。
9.优选方案中的疏水节大大减少物料、水进入循环系统，提高了分离效果，降低了系统的故障率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的结构示意图；
图2为图1所示实施例中好氧发酵反应器的结构示意图；
图3为图2所示实施例中进料侧封盖及密封装置的结构示意图；
图4为图2所示实施例中出料侧封盖及密封装置的结构示意图；
图5为图4中局部剖面视图C-C；
图6为图2的局部放大视图I；
图7为图2的剖视图A-A；
图8为图2的剖视图A-A中的局部放大视图IV；
图9为图2所示实施例中封盖的连接结构示意图；
图10为图9的剖视图B-B；
图11为图10的局部放大视图III；
图12为图1所示实施例中疏水节的结构示意图；
图13为图1所示实施例中汽水分离器的结构示意图。
图中：1-好氧发酵反应器、2-疏水节、3-汽水分离器、4-循环风机、5-风管、6a-旁通管路Ⅰ、6b-旁通管路Ⅱ、7a-调节风阀Ⅰ、7b-调节风阀Ⅱ、8-除臭滤塔、9-除臭风机、10-加热器；101-卧置滚筒发酵罐、102-托轮组、103-回转驱动装置、104-进料侧封盖、105-出料侧封盖、106-基座、107-抄板；111-进料口、112排风口、113-料位观测孔、121-观察取样口、122-进风口Ⅰ、123-出料口、124-检修孔、125-传感器安装孔、126-迷宫清料孔；1041-封盖板、1042-内环、1043-封门、1044-螺栓副、1045-封罩、1046-压板、1047-密封板、1048-挡料板；W-物料、α-安息角、H-最大装料高度、Lh-上端面、L0-斜面、L1-竖直面I、L2-竖直面II；1010-连接螺栓、1020拉紧调节螺杆、1021锁紧块；201-出风口、202-进风口Ⅱ、203-过滤器、204-疏水节的U型水封、205-疏水节的清污口；301-罐体、302-进气口、303-出气口、304-换向板、305-换向管、306-过滤格栅、307-螺旋导向板、308-分液板、309-导液管、310-排水口、311-汽水分离器的U型水封、312-汽水分离器的清污口、313-支座。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
参照附图1,本实施例包括依次通过风管5相连接的好氧发酵反应器1、汽水分离器3、循环风机4,形成闭环风路。循环风机4的进风口与汽水分离器3的出风口之间的管路上设置有旁通管路Ⅰ6a和旁通管路Ⅱ6b，所述旁通管路Ⅰ6a靠近循环风机4且直接与大气相连，在旁通管路Ⅰ6a上设置有调节风阀Ⅰ7a，用于调节新鲜空气的进气量；所述旁通管路Ⅱ6b远离循环风机4,其尾端与除臭装置相连，在旁通管路Ⅱ6b上设置有调节风阀Ⅱ7b，用于调节排出尾气的风量。
除臭装置包括连接在调节风阀Ⅱ7b后的除臭风机9和除臭滤塔8。除臭风机9用于克服除臭滤塔8的过滤风阻，以保证旁通管路Ⅱ6b与风管5之间的风压平衡。
循环风机4的出风口与好氧发酵反应器1的进风口之间设有气体加热器10，可对进入好氧发酵反应器1的气体进行加热，在极端低温的天气或地区，可以保证发酵罐内部温度的稳定性；为了尽可能的减少系统热能损失，在好氧发酵反应器1、疏水节2、汽水分离器3、和风管5的外部均包覆有保温隔热材料。
如图2所示，好氧发酵反应器1为卧置旋转滚筒式好氧发酵反应器，包括卧置滚筒发酵罐101、托轮组102、回转驱动装置103、封盖和基座106，其中封盖包括进料侧封盖104和出料侧封盖105，进料侧封盖104与出料侧封盖105的结构、原理完全相同。卧置滚筒发酵罐101与进料侧封盖104、出料侧封盖105组成了一个密闭的发酵空间；卧置滚筒发酵罐101的内部设有抄板107。回转驱动装置103驱动卧置滚筒发酵罐101旋转，使置滚筒发酵罐101中的物料在置滚筒发酵罐101及抄板107的作用下翻滚获得氧气，实现好氧发酵；卧置滚筒发酵罐101置于动力托轮组102上，托轮组102、回转驱动装置103、进料侧封盖104和出料侧封盖105都固定在基座106上。
如图4、6所示，进料侧封盖及密封装置104上部设置有进料口111和排风口112，中部设置有料位观测孔113；出料侧封盖及密封装置105上部设置有观察取样口121和进风口Ⅰ122，出料侧封盖下部设置有出料口123；在进料侧的封盖上开有检修孔124和传感器安装孔125，出料侧封盖上开有传感器安装孔125，检修孔124外安装有检修门盖。
如图7-9所示，进料侧封盖104与出料侧封盖105的结构一致、原理完全相同，此处以进料侧封盖104为例进行说明。进料侧封盖104包括封盖板1041、内环1042、封罩1045、密封板1047和压板1046，所述内环1042垂直焊接在封盖板1041的内侧平面上，其外径小于卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体内径；所述封罩1045、压板1046、密封板1047设置在卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体外侧，所述封罩1045一端通过螺栓固定在进料侧封盖1041的内侧平面上，密封板1047和压板1046通过螺栓固定在封罩1045的另一端，所述密封板1047为橡胶板，其位于封罩1045和压板1046中 间，通过压板1046压紧固定在封罩1045的端面上。
在安装时要求密封板1047、压板1046、内环1042和卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体保持同轴，封盖板1041、内环1042、封罩1045、密封板1047和卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体一起形成一个迷宫密封机构，而夹在它们之间的物料W可以起到类似于密封圈的作用。
为了便于安装和调节，封罩1045沿周向被分为三块，每块之间通过螺栓固定连接为一体；在封罩1045与密封板1047连接的端面上设置有腰型孔，以方便调节密封板1047、压板1046与发酵罐101筒体之间的同轴度和间隙，调节迷宫的摩擦阻力和漏料、漏气；在封盖板1041的外侧底部中间对应筒体边缘的位置设置有迷宫清料孔126，迷宫清料孔126的上高度位置低于内环1042的外径，下高度位置高于封罩1045的轴向密封板1047的内径；迷宫清料孔126用于在迷宫内部积料后出现比较严重的干结而造成摩擦阻力过大时，方便将迷宫里面的物料清理出来，以保证罐体转动顺畅不卡死；在迷宫清理孔外设置有封门1043。
如图4-5、8所示，为了尽可能的减小排风口112的风速，减少物料被抽入到风管，排风口112内部是截面为不规则多边形递减的喇叭状管路，排风口112大径固定在封盖板1041的开口上，排风口112小径与疏水节2通过法兰连接，排风方向从卧置滚筒发酵罐101通过封盖板1041开口进入，依次通过排风口112的大径和小径，再进入疏水节2；排风口112小径的内孔最高点位于其上边；排风口112下端面设有大于物料安息角α的斜面L0，且斜坡方向为指向卧置滚筒发酵罐101的内部和下部，保证排风口112内腔堆积的物料W返回卧置滚筒发酵罐101内。
封盖板1041的开口为与排风口112大径相对应的不规则多边形，其上端面Lh是与内环1042同心且直径小于内环内径的圆弧面，下端面是靠近封盖板1041的中心侧高的斜面L0，另外两面是竖直面IL1和竖直面ⅡL2，斜面L0的最低点高于最大装料高度H，其斜度大于物料的安息角α；在靠近封盖板1041竖直中心线的竖直面IL1外侧设有挡料板1048，挡料板1048的上沿与内环1042相连，最低点低于斜面L0的最低点，以阻止卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体旋转扬起的物料W进入排风口112。
如图10-12所示，封盖与基座106通过螺栓固定连接1010；在封盖的底座上设置有垂直与卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体轴线方向的水平横向的U形孔，基座106上与封盖底座U形孔对应的位置设置有平行于卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体轴线方向的水平纵向腰型孔，以便可以同时调节封盖与卧置滚筒发酵罐101端面的距离以及内环1042轴线与卧置滚筒发酵罐101轴线的同轴度；在封盖两侧的底座上分别设置有沿卧置滚筒发酵罐101筒体轴线方向的拉紧调节螺杆1020，拉紧调节螺杆1020端部与封盖的底座固定连接，在基座106上与拉紧调节螺杆对应的位置设置有锁紧块1021，拉紧调节螺杆1020贯穿锁紧块1021，可以通过调节拉紧调节螺杆1020上的调节螺母，来调节封盖与卧置滚筒发酵罐101端面的距离。
如图13所示，疏水节2是由水平和竖直两根管道构成的三通结构，水平管道设置有进风口 Ⅱ202，进风口Ⅱ202处设有与好氧发酵反应器1的排风口112连接的法兰，竖直管道的顶端为出风口201，出风口201设置有风管5连接的法兰；在靠近出风口201的位置设置有过滤器203；竖直管道的底端与U型水封204固定连接；U形水封204用来控制竖直管道中的积水高度；U形水封204的存水弯的最低点位置设有清污口205。
如图14所示，汽水分离器3包括两侧分别设有进气口302和出气口303的罐体301、进气口302、出气口303、换向板304、换向管305、过滤格栅306、螺旋导向板307、分液板308，导液管309、排水口310、U形水封311、清污口312和支座313。
换向板304斜向密封焊接在罐体301内部，将进气口302与出气口303隔离开，分别处于其两侧，从而使分离器的进出气口不能直接连通；在换向板304的中间开有一个孔，其大小刚好使换向管305贯穿其中，换向板304与换向管305之间通过密封焊接固定连接为一体；过滤格栅306为一个下大上小的喇叭形结构，其上端面与换向管305的下端面密封连接并固定，且其上端面的内外圆直径与换向管305的下端面内外圆直径相同，过滤格栅306的下端面的外圆直径小于罐体301内径，并且保证其与罐体之间的通径面积不小于罐体301内螺旋部分风路的通径面积，在过滤格栅306内部设置有一系列蜂窝状布置的斜向毛细风管，气流通过由过滤格栅306的下部通过毛细风管进入到换向管中，以使气流中的水分进一步被分离，分离出来的水则沿着毛细风管的管壁往下流出到罐底进行收集。
螺旋导向板307设于换向板304的下方，且沿高度方向上焊接在换向管305的外侧，其长度一致延伸到与过滤格栅306的下端面平齐，螺旋导向板307的外径小于罐体301内径，其作用是对进入分离器的气体进行导向，使气体沿螺旋方向向下运动；分液板308为一个中间高四周低的圆锥形结构，其位于过滤格栅306的正下方水平布置，并与过滤格栅306的下端面保留一定的距离，分液板307的芯板为一个直径大于滤格栅306下端面外径且于小于罐体301内径的实心板，其通过其四周的支腿固定连接在罐体301上。导液管309固定连接在罐体301内壁上，其设置在换向板304的最低处，并贯穿换向板304，其上端面与换向板304最低点的上表面平齐，其下端贯穿分液板308且下端面不高于分液板308的下表面，其作用是将罐体301上端产生的积水引入到罐体的底部；排水口310设置在罐体301的中心底部；在排水口310的下端固定连接有一U形水封311，U形水封311用来控制汽水分离器3中的积水高度，当汽水分离器3内的积水超过设定高度后，在重力的作用下积水就将自动排出；在U形水封311的存水弯的最低点位置设置有清污口312，清污口312可以快速打开，以便U形水封311出现淤积堵塞时能够方便的进行及时清理；在罐体301的下方设置有支座313，支座313与罐体301通过焊接固定连接为一体，用于对整个汽水分离器3进行支撑和固定。
本发明的工作原理及过程：
1.系统建立起发酵反应后，启动循环风机4，使好氧发酵反应器1内部处于正压状态， 同时使风管5内部形成负压状态，发酵产生的含有大量水分的尾气在卧置滚筒发酵罐101内部正压和风管5负压的作用下，通过好氧发酵反应器1的排气口排出；
2.卧置滚筒发酵罐101排出的尾气通过进风口Ⅱ201进入到疏水节2中，然后再由疏水节2的出风口202排出，在此过程中随尾气从卧置滚筒发酵罐101内带出的杂物和尾气析出的水滴在重力的作用下下落和沉积到疏水节2的竖直管道下端；
3.当疏水节2中竖直管道的积水超过U型水封204设定的高度后，在重力的作用下自动排出，杂物沉积到一定程度后，则打开U型水封204上的清污口205，将杂物清除；
4.从疏水节2排出的尾气通过汽水分离器3的进气口法兰送入到罐体301内，尾气沿螺旋导向板307螺旋向下运动，在离心力的作用下，尾气中的水分被分离出来并沿罐体301内壁流到罐体301底部沉积；
5.经过离心分离后的气体再经过过滤格栅306，在斜向毛细风管的作用下，进一步完成汽水分离，分离后的水流到罐体301底部沉积；
6.当汽水分离器3内的积水超过设定高度后，在重力的作用下积水通过汽水分离器3底部的U形水封311自动排出；
7.分离后的干燥尾气通过换向管305向上进入至汽水分离器3的罐体301上部，并通过出气口303排出；
8.从汽水分离器3排出的干燥尾气，小部分干燥尾气通过旁通管路Ⅱ6b进入到除臭风机9，经除臭风机9送入到除臭滤塔8进行过滤处理最终达标排放；
9.大部分干燥尾气再进入至循环风机4内，最终送回至卧置滚筒发酵罐101内；新鲜空气通过旁通管路Ⅰ6a进入到循环风机4，新鲜空气通过循环风机4与干燥后的尾气一同送入卧置滚筒发酵罐101内，即补充了发酵过程中消耗的氧气，又保证循环利用了发酵过程排放的尾气；
10.旁通管路Ⅰ6a和旁通管路Ⅱ6b上设有的调节风阀Ⅰ7a和调节风阀Ⅱ7b，用于控制和调节发酵系统引入的新鲜空气量和排放的尾气量，通常情况下两者的量保持一致，其由系统发酵所消耗的氧气量来确定。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统，其特征在于：包括通过风管(5)依次相连接的好氧发酵反应器(1)、汽水分离器(3)、循环风机(4)，形成闭环风路；所述风管(5)管路上设有旁通管路Ⅰ(6a)和旁通管路Ⅱ(6b)，所述旁通管路Ⅰ(6a)靠近循环风机(4)进风口且直接与大气相通，所述好氧发酵反应器(1)包括卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)、托轮组(102)、回转驱动装置(103)；所述卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)与封盖组成密闭的发酵空间；所述卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)内部设有抄板(107)，所述回转驱动装置(103)驱动卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)旋转，使被发酵物料在旋转卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)及抄板(107)的作用下翻滚获得氧气，实现好氧发酵；所述封盖包括原理相同的进料侧封盖(104)和出料侧封盖(105)，所述进料侧封盖(104)的上部设有进料口(111)和排风口(112)；出料侧封盖(105)的上部设有进风口Ⅰ(122)，下部设有出料口(123)，所述进料侧封盖(104)和出料侧封盖(105)均包括封盖板(1041)、内环(1042)、封罩(1045)、密封板(1047)，所述内环(1042)垂直固定在封盖板(1041)的内侧平面上，其外径小于卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)筒体内径；所述封罩(1045)、密封板(1047)设于卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)筒体外侧，所述封罩(1045)一端固定在封盖板(1041)的内侧平面上，另一端连接密封板(1047)，所述密封板(1047)、内环(1042)与卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)筒体保持同轴，封盖板(1041)、内环(1042)、封罩(1045)和卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)筒体组成一个迷宫密封机构，夹在其中的物料(W)起到柔性密封圈的作用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统，其特征在于，在旁通管路Ⅰ(6a)上设置有调节风阀Ⅰ(7a)，用于调节新鲜空气的进气量；所述旁通管路Ⅱ(6b)上设置有调节风阀Ⅱ(7b)，用于调节排出尾气风量。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述封罩(1045)与密封板(1047)连接的端面上设有贯通的腰型孔，以方便调节密封板(1047)与卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)之间的同轴度和间隙；所述封盖板(1041)的外侧底部中间对应卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)边缘的位置设置有清料孔(126)，所述清料孔(126)的上高度低于所述内环(1042)的外径，下高度高于封罩(1045)的内径；所述清料孔外设有封门(1043)。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3之一所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述排风口(112)内部是截面为不规则多边形的喇叭状管路，排风口(112)大径固定在封盖板(1041)的开口上，排风口(112)小径与风管或疏水节(2)连接，排风方向从卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)通过封盖板(1041)开口进入，依次通过排风口(112)的大径和小径，再进入风管或疏水节(2)；排风口(112)下边设有大于物料安息角(α)的斜坡，保证排风口 (112)内腔堆积物料返回卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)内；所述封盖板(1041)的开口是与排风口(112)大径相对应的不规则多边形，其上端面(Lh)是与内环(1042)同心且直径小于内环(1042)内径的圆弧面，下端面是越靠近封盖板(1041)的中心侧越高的斜面(L0)，另外两面是竖直面I(L1)和竖直面II(L2)，斜面(L0)最低点高于最大装料高度(H)；在靠近封盖板(1041)竖直中心线的竖直面I(L1)外侧设有挡料板(1048)，挡料板(1048)的上沿与内环(1042)相连，其最低点低于斜面(L0)的最低点，阻止卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)筒体在旋转过程中扬起的物料进入排风口(112)。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4之一所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述封盖安装于基座(106)上，封盖的底座上设置有垂直与卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)轴线方向的水平横向的U形孔，基座(106)上与封盖底座U形孔对应的位置设置有平行于卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)轴线方向的水平纵向腰型孔，使封盖可以在底座上沿横向和纵向均可自由调节；在封盖两侧的底座上分别设置有沿卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)轴线方向的拉紧调节螺杆(1020)，拉紧调节螺杆(1020)端部与封盖的底座固定连接，在基座(106)上与拉紧调节螺杆(1020)对应的位置设置有锁紧块(1021)，拉紧调节螺杆(1020)贯穿锁紧块(1021)，通过调节拉紧即可实时调整封盖的纵向位置，从而调整封盖与卧置滚筒发酵罐(101)筒体端部的贴合程度。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5之一所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述汽水分离器(3)包括两侧分别设有进气口(302)和出气口(303)的罐体(301)、换向板(304)、换向管(305)、过滤格栅(306)、螺旋导向板(307)、分液板(308)，导液管(309)、排水口(310)、U形水封(311)、清污口(312)和支座(313)；所述换向板(304)倾斜的固定在罐体(301)内部，将进气口(302)与出气口(303)隔离开；所述换向管(305)贯穿倾斜放置的换向板(304)，所述换向板(304)与换向管(305)固定连接为一体；所述过滤格栅(306)为一个下大上小的喇叭形结构，其上端面与所述换向管(305)的下端面密封连接并固定，且其上端面的内外圆直径与换向管(305)的下端面内外圆直径相同，过滤格栅(306)的下端面的外圆直径小于罐体(301)内径，并且其与所述罐体(301)之间的有效截面积不小于罐体(301)内螺旋部分风路的有效截面积，所述过滤格栅(306)内部设有蜂窝状的斜向毛细风管，气流由过滤格栅(306)的下部毛细风管进入换向管(305)中；所述螺旋导向板(307)设于换向板(304)的下方，且沿高度方向上固定在所述换向管(305)的外侧，其长度延伸至与所述过滤格栅(306)的下端面平齐，所述螺旋导向板(307)的外径小于罐体(301)内径；所述分液板(308)水平布置于所述过滤格栅(306)的正下方，固定在罐体(301)内壁上，所述分液板(308)为直径大于滤格栅(306)下端面外径且小于罐体(301)内径的实心板；所述导液管(309)固定在罐体(301)内壁上，其上端面与换 向板(304)最低点的上表面平齐，其下端面贯穿分液板(308)且不高于分液板(308)的下表面；所述排水口(310)设于所述罐体(301)的最底部中心位置，所述排水口(310)的下端固定连接U形水封(311)；所述U形水封(311)的存水弯的最低点位置设有清污口(312)；所述罐体(301)的下方设有支座(313)，支座(313)与罐体(301)固定连接。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统，其特征在于：所述疏水节(2)是由水平和竖直两根管道构成的三通结构，水平管道设置有进风口Ⅱ(202)，进风口Ⅱ(202)处设有与好氧发酵反应器的排风口(112)连接的法兰，竖直管道的顶端为出风口(201)，靠近出风口(201)处还设有过滤器(203)；竖直管道的底端与U型水封(204)固定连接；所述U形水封(204)的存水弯的最低点位置设有清污口(205)。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7之一所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述循环风机(4)的出风口与好氧发酵反应器(1)的进风口之间设有气体加热器(10)。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8之一所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述旁通管路Ⅱ(6b)连接除臭装置，所述除臭装置包括除臭风机(9)和除臭滤塔(8)。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9之一所述的卧式好氧发酵反应器及余热利用除水系统,其特征在于：所述好氧发酵反应器(1)、疏水节(2)、汽水分离器(3)、和风管(5)的外部均包覆有保温隔热材料。
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