WO2021151282A1 - 节能电路及启动装置 - Google Patents

节能电路及启动装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021151282A1
WO2021151282A1 PCT/CN2020/103485 CN2020103485W WO2021151282A1 WO 2021151282 A1 WO2021151282 A1 WO 2021151282A1 CN 2020103485 W CN2020103485 W CN 2020103485W WO 2021151282 A1 WO2021151282 A1 WO 2021151282A1
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Prior art keywords
switch
control
load
control unit
power supply
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PCT/CN2020/103485
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭桥石
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郭桥石
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Application filed by 郭桥石 filed Critical 郭桥石
Priority to PCT/CN2021/074097 priority Critical patent/WO2021151385A1/zh
Priority to CN202180007108.1A priority patent/CN115943473A/zh
Publication of WO2021151282A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021151282A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an energy-saving circuit and a starting device, in particular to an energy-saving circuit suitable for energy-saving maintenance and driving of loads such as contactors (relays), solenoid valves, electromagnets, etc., and an energy-saving circuit for providing pulse starting energy to the load Start the device.
  • loads such as contactors (relays), solenoid valves, electromagnets, etc.
  • an energy-saving circuit for providing pulse starting energy to the load Start the device.
  • loads such as contactors (relays), solenoid valves, electromagnets, etc. are commonly used in electronic control systems such as new energy vehicles, rail transit, ships, aviation, automation control, and motor drive.
  • the traditional control circuit uses a higher voltage control power supply to control the load RY (electromagnetic system) by controlling the switch K (note: multiple switches can be connected in series, or in parallel, or in a hybrid connection) (as shown in Figure 1), Since the load RY is in the normally open state, a large current is required to drive it to close, and the voltage and output current of the control power supply must be sufficient to drive the relevant load RY to act.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of large power consumption in existing electronic control systems such as contactors (relays), solenoid valves, electromagnets, etc., and to provide a simple circuit, low cost, good energy saving effect, and high safety Energy-saving circuit and a starting device with wide application range and convenient implementation.
  • the control switch and the load required to save energy form a first series circuit, the first series circuit is connected to the first power supply; the first switch, the control switch, and the load form a second series circuit, and the second series circuit is connected to the second power supply ,
  • the voltage of the first power supply is less than the voltage of the second power supply; the control switch is closed, the first switch is turned on, the second power supply drives the load, and then the first power supply maintains power to the load;
  • the number of control switches and loads is one or two, Or two or more.
  • a starting device based on the above energy-saving circuit includes the first switch and a control unit, and the control signal of the first switch is provided by the control unit.
  • the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple circuit, low cost, good energy-saving effect and high safety.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the technical background of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the energy-saving circuit and starting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the energy-saving circuit and starting device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 The first embodiment of the energy-saving circuit and starting device of the present invention is shown in Fig. 2:
  • the control switch K and the energy-saving load RY are connected in series.
  • the control switch K and the load RY form a first series circuit.
  • the first series circuit uses a unidirectional conduction device D1 (diode). In the case of a unidirectional conduction device, it can be omitted) is connected to the first power supply PA (that is, the power supply connected to the PA terminal), the first switch S1, the control switch K, and the load RY form a second series circuit, and the second series circuit is connected to the second power supply PB (Ie the power supply connected to the PB terminal), the voltage of the first power supply PA is less than the voltage of the second power supply PB; the control switch K is closed, then the first switch S1 is turned on, and the second power supply PB is driven by the first switch S1 and the control switch K (Pulse drive)
  • the load RY acts, and then the first switch S1 is turned off (or disconnected), and the first power supply PA maintains power supply to the load RY to achieve the purpose
  • a starting device based on the above energy-saving circuit includes a first switch S1 and a control unit A, and the control signal of the first switch S1 is provided by the control unit A.
  • Control unit A used to detect that the control switch K is closed.
  • the first switch S1 and the control unit A form a voltage detection switch.
  • the control unit A detects the voltage at the common terminal N1 of the control switch K and the load RY; the voltage at the common terminal N1 is the control switch The voltage across K, or the voltage across load RY; when the control unit A detects that the control switch K is closed, the first switch S1 is controlled to be turned on.
  • FIG. 3 The second embodiment of the energy-saving circuit and starting device of the present invention is shown in Fig. 3:
  • the current detection device CT is used to detect the current of each control switch K to detect the closing of the control switch K, and the maintenance current of the load RY can also be detected;
  • the signal connection of the current detection device CT To the control unit A when the control switch K is closed, the control unit A controls the first switch S1 to be turned on, the second power supply PB drives the load (action), and then the first switch S1 is turned off (or disconnected), and the first power supply PA (through The control switch K) maintains the power supply to the load RY;
  • the current detection device CT can use a divided voltage to detect the current, or a current transformer to detect the current, or a Hall device to detect the current.
  • the current detection device CT may also be built in the starting device A, and the current detection device CT detects the common current of each control switch.
  • the current driving the load through the first switch S1 does not pass through the current detection device CT, which is beneficial to improve the accuracy of detecting the closing of the control switch K.
  • the control unit A can also detect the voltage of the first power supply PA to overcome the influence of the voltage fluctuation on the detection control switch K. The effect of closing accuracy.
  • This embodiment does not require the control unit A shown in FIG. 2 to detect multiple voltage signals to detect the closing actions of the control switches K of each path, and has the advantages of less wiring and simple wiring.
  • the control unit A of the above embodiment controls or delays the control of the first switch S1 to be turned on after the control switch K is closed and stable (to avoid the control switch K being burned by a large driving current when the control switch K is closed);
  • the control unit A preferably has a built-in programmable device (the definition of a programmable device of the present invention: a microcontroller, programmable logic device, etc.), and the control unit A has an intelligent unit with a built-in control program, without increasing hardware resources or increasing Under the condition of very few hardware resources, programmable devices are used to realize voltage or current detection (the control unit stores load current parameters), pulse width control and delay control of the first switch S1 (the control unit stores driving load pulses). The time parameter of wide and delay control), which is conducive to simplifying the circuit.
  • the operation interval between the control switches K may be extremely small
  • the action signal of the control switch K can also be provided by the control unit A, or the action signal of the control switch K can be provided to the control unit A, or the control unit
  • a controls the first switch S1 to be turned on (before, or during) an electrical signal is output and provided to the controller who controls the switch S1.
  • J1 can be an external power port (used to provide the working energy of the control unit A, or used to provide a second power supply, the second power supply PB can also use another power supply, which is optional, the working power supply of the control unit A preferably uses the first power supply , And can be omitted when it is not used as the second power input); J2 is the communication port (optional), used to transmit and receive related information.
  • the voltage of the first power supply is set to not have the drive load RY action.
  • the voltage value of the first power supply is preferably less than or equal to 1/2 of the voltage value of the second power supply (at least 75% energy saving). In order to achieve sufficient energy to maintain the electromagnetic system (load), it is recommended not to be less than the second power supply. 1/10 of the voltage value of the power supply.
  • the conduction time of the first switch S1 is between 10 and 100 milliseconds.
  • the control unit A controls the first switch S1 outputs narrow pulses (pulses that are not enough to drive the load, and the pulse width is controlled in the range of 50 microseconds to 3 milliseconds) to drive the load to eliminate contaminants or oxides on the contact surface of the control switch K, and then the control unit A detects After the control switch K is closed and stable, the first switch S1 is controlled to output pulses to drive the load (this working process also has the effect of eliminating pollutants or oxides on the contact surface of the control switch K).
  • narrow pulses pulses that are not enough to drive the load, and the pulse width is controlled in the range of 50 microseconds to 3 milliseconds
  • the starting device of the present invention can be used as a product with a wide range of application, convenient use, and mass production, convenient for safety certification, popularization and use, and can be implemented without changing the original circuit action logic, which is extremely beneficial to change the existing contactor , Relay, solenoid valve, electromagnet energy-saving technology is difficult to popularize the status quo.
  • the above starting device can be placed in a shell and connected to the external control switch K through a terminal, and its specific shape can be flexibly designed according to needs.
  • the load is an electric switch such as a contactor (relay).
  • any driving target can also be defined as a load, such as a solenoid valve, an electromagnet, and so on.
  • control unit A in order to reduce the mechanical impact of the electromagnetic system, the control unit A can be used to provide the first switch S1 pulse group for control (non-equal pulse width), or narrow pulse driving.
  • a capacitor discharge or charge
  • the physical characteristics of capacitor charging or discharging are used to reduce the mechanical impact of the electromagnetic system.
  • the common terminal of the control switch K and the unidirectional conduction device D1 is the same as the first switch S1. Connection, the number of the first switch S1 should also correspond to the number of the control switch K.
  • the original control power supply is used as the second power supply (for example, when the original control power supply is AC, the rectifier can be selected as required, or another DC power supply can be used as the The second power supply), add a low-power DC power supply (which can be built into the control unit A, using a switching power supply, or a power frequency transformer rectified power supply) as the first power supply, which is extremely convenient for implementation and popularization.
  • a low-power DC power supply which can be built into the control unit A, using a switching power supply, or a power frequency transformer rectified power supply
  • the signal of the control switch K (such as a relay) can also be used to provide the control unit A; or control The control signal of the switch K (provided by the J2 communication port) is transmitted to the control unit A; or the auxiliary switch signal of the control switch K is transmitted to the control unit A, so that the control unit A can control the conduction of the first switch S1.
  • control switch K under special working conditions (for example, the control switch K does not have the breaking force of the driving current, and the operation interval of each control switch K may be extremely small), the control switch K is prevented from being turned on during the first switch S1. Action (open or close), causing the drive current to affect the control switch K (or cause the related load to fail to start normally), the control signal of the control switch K can also be provided by the control unit A, or the action signal of the control switch K When the control unit A or the control unit A controls the first switch S1 to be turned on (before, or during), an electrical signal is output and provided to the controller that controls the switch K.
  • control switch can be a manual switch (button switch, rocker switch, toggle switch, auxiliary switch of mechanical switch, etc.), or relay (contactor), or travel switch, or semiconductor switch, etc., or the aforementioned A switch composed of various switches in series, or in parallel, or in series.
  • the above load is preferably a load that does not have a single voltage (power supply) operating capability, that is, the load requires two voltages (power supply) of the pulse start voltage (second power supply) and the sustain voltage (first power supply) to work normally. Because the load has the ability to work with a single power supply, the required cost is higher, the quality is larger, and the volume is larger.
  • the first switch preferably adopts a semiconductor switch (a fully-controlled device, a triode, a field effect tube, an IGBT, etc., which has the advantage of unlimited number of actions).
  • the first switch S1 recommends using a current-limiting switch (a current-limiting switch circuit composed of semiconductor circuits, including a constant current switch circuit) to limit the driving current.
  • the first power supply and the second power supply are both direct current power supplies.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • a single switch (the first switch S1) can be used to drive multiple loads, the circuit is simple, and the cost is low; the electric pulse starts the load, and the control switch and the load circuit are in a low voltage working state for a long time. Has a high level of security.
  • the first power supply provides the sustaining voltage of the load
  • the second power supply provides pulse-driven load, which can reduce the risk of electromagnetic system coil burnout and has a good energy-saving effect.
  • the high voltage (second power supply) pulse starts the load
  • the low voltage (first power supply) ) Provide the load to maintain voltage.
  • the line between the first power supply, the second power supply and the load is long and the wire diameter of the selected wire is very thin (which can reduce the cost), it can effectively overcome the line loss and drive the load stably.
  • control switch Use the control switch to close to make the load maintain the voltage, and directly or indirectly provide the control unit signal (to achieve the purpose of the control unit to provide a pulse signal to control the first switch to drive the load, preferably), the control switch can also be used to cut off the load's maintenance voltage And as a selection switch for the first switch to drive each load, the first switch has high utilization rate, wide application range, simple circuit and low cost.
  • the current output by the first switch passes through the control switch (when a mechanical switch is used), which helps to eliminate the phenomenon of poor contact of the control switch.
  • the breaking voltage is the maintenance voltage, and the breaking voltage required by the control switch is low (for example, in the locomotive industry, it is used to cut 2A/110V DC and The price difference of 2A/30VDC control mechanical switches can be up to several tens of times).
  • the control switch can be a switch with a low rated breaking voltage. The present invention can effectively reduce the cost of the control switch and improve the reliability of the control switch. .
  • the same starting device can be used to drive multiple contactors, relays, solenoid valves, and electromagnets of different specifications, or hybrid (any two or any three contactors, solenoid valves, electromagnets) drive, and a wide range of applications , Strong versatility, extremely conducive to popularization and promotion.

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Abstract

一种适合对电磁系统(负载)的起节能维持、脉冲启动(驱动)的节能电路及启动装置，控制开关、所需节能的负载组成第一串联电路，第一串联电路连接第一电源，第一开关、控制开关、负载组成第二串联电路，第二串联电路连接第二电源，第一电源的电压小于第二电源的电压；控制开关闭合，第一开关导通，第二电源驱动负载，然后第一电源维持对负载供电，控制开关、负载数量为一，或为二，或为二以上，具有电路简单、成本低、节能效果好、安全性高的优点。

Description

节能电路及启动装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种节能电路及启动装置，特别是一种适合对接触器(继电器)、电磁阀、电磁铁等负载起节能维持、驱动的节能电路及一种用于对负载提供脉冲启动能量的启动装置。
背景技术
目前在新能源汽车、轨道交通、舰船、航空、自动化控制、电机拖动等电控系统中，普遍使用接触器(继电器)、电磁阀、电磁铁等负载。传统控制电路采用较高电压的控制电源通过控制开关K(注：可以多个开关串联，或并联，或混联等方式组成)对负载RY(电磁系统)进行控制(如图1所示)，由于负载RY处于常开状态时，需要很大的电流驱动其闭合，该控制电源的电压和输出电流必须足够驱动相关负载RY动作。其实在负载RY闭合完成后，仅需很小的电流(提供很低电压给负载)维持其闭合状态即可，传统电路存在电路功耗大，控制开关K需要分断较高的电压、系统安全性低(控制电源电压高)等缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有电控系统中接触器(继电器)、电磁阀、电磁铁等系统中存在功耗大的问题，提供一种电路简单、成本低、节能效果好、安全性高的节能电路及一种适用范围广、实施方便的启动装置。
实现本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来达到的：
一种节能电路，控制开关、所需节能的负载组成第一串联电路，第一串联电路连接第一电源；第一开关、控制开关、负载组成第二串联电路，第二串联电路连接第二电源，第一电源的电压小于第二电源的电压；控制开关闭合，第一开关导通，第二电源驱动负载，然后第一电源维持对负载供电；控制开关、负载数量为一，或为二，或为二以上。
一种基于以上的节能电路的启动装置，其包括所述第一开关、一控制单元，所述第一开关的控制信号由所述控制单元提供。
本发明设计合理，具有电路简单、成本低、节能效果好、安全性高的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明技术背景原理图。
图2是本发明节能电路及启动装置实施例一原理图。
图3是本发明节能电路及启动装置实施例二原理图。
具体实施方式
本发明节能电路及启动装置的实施例一，如图2所示：
控制开关K、所需节能的负载RY串联，控制开关K、负载RY组成第一串联电路，第一串联电路通过单向导通器件D1(二极管，当第一电源PA端连接的第一电源内置有单向导通器件时，可省略)与第一电源PA(即PA端连接的电源)连接，第一开关S1、控制开关K、负载RY组成第二串联电路，第二串联电路连接第二电源PB(即PB端连接的电源)，第一电源PA的电压小于第二电源PB的电压；控制开关K闭合，然后第一开关S1导通，第二电源PB通过第一开关S1、控制开关K驱动(脉冲驱动)负载RY动作，然后第一开关S1截止(或断开)，第一电源PA维持对负载RY供电，实现节能的目的。
一种基于以上的节能电路的启动装置，其包括第一开关S1、控制单元A，第一开关S1的控制信号由控制单元A提供。
控制单元A：用于检测控制开关K闭合，第一开关S1、控制单元A组成一电压检测开关，控制单元A检测控制开关K与负载RY共同端N1的电压；共同端N1的电压为控制开关K两端的电压，或为负载RY两端的电压；在控制单元A检测到控制开关K闭合，控制第一开关S1导通。
本发明节能电路及启动装置的实施例二，如图3所示：
本实施例与实施一不同之处在于，为减少接线，采用电流检测装置CT检测各控制开关K电流以检测控制开关K的闭合，也可以检测负载RY的维持电流；电流检测装置CT的信号连接至控制单元A，当控制开关K闭合，控制单元A控制第一开关S1导通，第二电源PB驱动负载(动作)，然后第一开关S1截止(或断开)，第一电源PA(通过控制开关K)维持对负载RY供电；电流检测装置CT可以采用分压检测电流，或电流互感器检测电流，或霍尔器件检测电流。
本实施例，电流检测装置CT也可以内置在启动装置A内，电流检测装置CT检测各控制开关的共同电流。通过第一开关S1的驱动负载的电流不通过电流检测装置CT，有利于提高检测控制开关K闭合的准确度，控制单元A也可以检测第一电源PA的电压，克服电压波动对检测控制开关K闭合的准确度的影响。
本实施例无需如图2所示的控制单元A检测多路电压信号就可实现检测各路控制开关K闭合动作，具有接线少，线路简单的优点。
以上实施例的控制单元A：控制单元A在控制开关K闭合稳定后控制或延时控制第一开关S1导通(避免控制开关K闭合过程中，较大的驱动电流烧损控制开关K)；控制单元 A优选内置一可编程器件(本发明可编程器件的定义：为微控制器、可编程逻辑器件等等同器件)，控制单元A内置控制程序的智能化单元，在不增加硬件资源或增加极少硬件资源的条件下，利用可编程器件实现对电压或电流检测(控制单元存储负载电流参数)、对第一开关S1导通的脉冲宽度控制和延时控制(控制单元存储有驱动负载脉宽及延时控制的时间参数)，有利于简化电路。
以上实施例，在特别工况下(如控制开关K不具备驱动电流的分断力，各控制开关K之间有可能出现动作间隔极小的工况)，防止第一开关S1导通期间，控制开关K动作(断开，或闭合)，驱动电流对控制开关K造成影响，控制开关K的动作信号也可以采用控制单元A提供，或控制开关K的动作信号提供给控制单元A，或控制单元A控制第一开关S1导通时(前，或期间)，输出一电信号提供给控制开关S1的控制方。
J1可外接电源端口(用于提供控制单元A的工作能量，或用于提供第二电源，第二电源PB也可以采用另外电源，为可选，控制单元A的工作电源优选采用第一电源供电，且不作为第二电源输入时可省略)；J2为通信端口(可选)，用于传输和接收相关信息。
以上实施例，优选方案：
1、为节约不必要能耗，第一电源的电压设定为不具备驱动负载RY动作。
2、以上实施例优选第一电源的电压值小于或等于第二电源的电压值的1/2(至少节能75％)，为达到足够的维持电磁系统(负载)的能量，建议不小于第二电源的电压值的1/10。
3、第一开关S1的导通时间在10至100毫秒之间。
为防止在较低的供电条件下，控制开关K由于触点污染等原因出现接触不良，在控制单元A检测到控制开关K闭合(或疑似闭合，不稳定闭合)，控制单元A控制第一开关S1输出窄脉冲(不足以驱动负载动作的脉冲，脉冲宽度控制在50微秒到3毫秒区间)驱动负载，用于消除控制开关K触点表面的污染物或氧化物，然后控制单元A检测到控制开关K闭合稳定后，再控制第一开关S1输出脉冲驱动负载动作(这个工作过程也具有消除控制开关K触点表面的污染物或氧化物的作用)。
本发明启动装置，可作为一适用范围广、使用方便、批量化生产的产品，方便安全认证，普及推广使用，无需对原来电路动作逻辑进行改动，即可实施，极其有利于改变现有接触器、继电器、电磁阀、电磁铁节能技术难以普及的现状。可以把以上启动装置放置一外壳内，通过端子与外部控制开关K连接，其具体外形可以根据需要灵活设计。
以上实施例，负载为接触器(继电器)等电开关，本发明中，任何驱动目标也可定义为 负载，如电磁阀、电磁铁等。
以上实施例，为减少电磁系统的机械冲击，可采用控制单元A提供第一开关S1脉冲群进行控制(非等脉宽)，或窄脉冲驱动。
以上实施例，为减少电磁系统的机械冲击，可以采用电容(放电，或充电)通过第一开关S1提供负载驱动能量，利用电容充电或放电的物理特性，实现减少电磁系统的机械冲击。
以上实施例，当需要驱动大电流负载时，每路控制开关K采用各自的单向导通器件D1与第一电源PA连接时，控制开关K与单向导通器件D1的共同端与第一开关S1连接，第一开关S1的数量也要与控制开关K的数量对应。
采用本发明启动装置对现有电控系统改造时，只要在原有控制开关上串联一二极管，原控制电源作为第二电源(如原来控制电源为交流时根据需要选择整流，或采用另外直流电源作为第二电源)，增加一小功率直流电源(可内置在控制单元A中，采用开关电源，或采用工频变压器整流电源)作为第一电源即可，极其方便实施，推广使用。
以上实施例，实际应用中，当不采用对N1的电压检测，或不采用对控制开关K进行电流检测时，也可以采用控制开关K(如为继电器)的信号由控制单元A提供；或控制开关K的控制信号(可由J2通信口提供)传递至控制单元A；或控制开关K的辅助开关信号传递至控制单元A，实现控制单元A对第一开关S1导通控制。
以上实施例，在特别工况下(如控制开关K不具备驱动电流的分断力，且各控制开关K可能出现动作间隔极小的工况)，防止第一开关S1导通期间，控制开关K动作(断开，或闭合)，造成驱动电流对控制开关K造成影响(或造成相关负载不能正常启动)，控制开关K的控制信号也可以由控制单元A提供，或控制开关K的动作信号提供给控制单元A，或控制单元A控制第一开关S1导通时(前，或期间)，输出一电信号提供给控制开关K的控制方。
以上实施例，控制开关可以为手动开关(按钮开关、船型开关、钮子开关、机械开关的辅助开关等)，或继电器(接触器)，或行程开关，或半导体开关等，或为前面所述各种开关的串联、或并联、或混联组成的开关。
以上负载优选不具备单一电压(电源)工作能力的负载，即负载需要脉冲启动电压(第二电源)第一电源和维持电压(第一电源)两个电压(电源)才能正常工作。因为负载在具备单一电源工作能力的情况下，所需的成本更高、质量更大、体积更大。
以上实施例，第一开关优选采用半导体开关(全控型器件，三极管、场效应管、IGBT 等，具有不限动作次数的优点)。为提升安全性，第一开关S1建议采用限流开关(采用半导体电路组成的限流开关电路，包括恒流开关电路)以限制驱动电流。
以上实施例，第一电源和第二电源均为直流电源。
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
1、当对多路负载驱动时，采用单个开关(第一开关S1)即可实现多路负载驱动，电路简单、成本低；电脉冲启动负载，控制开关和负载电路长期处于低电压工作状态，具有很高的安全性。
2、第一电源提供负载的维持电压，第二电源提供脉冲驱动负载，可降低电磁系统线圈烧毁的风险，节能效果好；同时高电压(第二电源)脉冲启动负载，低电压(第一电源)提供负载维持电压，在第一电源、第二电源与负载之间线路较长且选用导线的线径很细的条件下(可降低成本)，有效克服线损，稳定驱动负载。
3、利用控制开关闭合使负载得到维持电压，并可直接或间接提供控制单元信号(实现控制单元提供脉冲信号控制第一开关驱动负载的目的，优选)，控制开关也可用于切断负载的维持电压及作为第一开关驱动各负载的选择开关，第一开关利用率高、适用范围广、电路简单、成本低。
4、第一开关输出的电流通过了控制开关(当采用机械开关时)，有利于消除控制开关接触不良的现象。
5、由于控制开关的接通电流(闭合过程的电流)为维持电流，分断的电压为维持电压，由于控制开关所需的分断电压低(如在机车行业，用于切除2A/110V DC与切除2A/30VDC的控制机械开关的价格差异最高可达几十倍以上)的特点，控制开关可以选用额定分断电压低的开关，本发明可以有效降低控制开关成本和提高控制开关的工作可靠性。
6、可以实现同一个启动装置用于多个不同规格接触器、继电器、电磁阀、电磁铁的驱动，或混合(接触器、电磁阀、电磁铁任二、或任三)驱动，适应范围广、通用性强，极有利于普及推广。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种节能电路，控制开关、所需节能的负载组成第一串联电路，所述第一串联电路连接第一电源，其特征是：第一开关、所述控制开关、所述负载组成第二串联电路，所述第二串联电路连接第二电源，所述第一电源的电压小于所述第二电源的电压；所述控制开关闭合，所述第一开关导通，所述第二电源驱动所述负载，然后所述第一电源维持对所述负载供电，所述控制开关、所述负载数量为一，或为二，或为二以上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的节能电路，其特征是：所述负载不具备所述第一电源、所述第二电源任一单一电源工作能力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的节能电路，其特征是：所述第一串联电路通过一单向导通器件与所述第一电源连接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的节能电路，其特征是：所述第一开关为一半导体开关，或为一机械开关。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的节能电路，其特征是：所述负载为继电器，或为接触器，或为电磁铁、或为电磁阀。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的驱动电路，其特征是：所述第一电源、所述第二电源为直流电源。
  7. 一种基于权利要求1至6所述的节能电路的启动装置，其特征是：其包括所述第一开关、一控制单元，所述第一开关的控制信号由所述控制单元提供。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述控制单元用于检测所述控制开关闭合，所述第一开关、所述控制单元组成一电压检测开关，所述控制单元检测所述控制开关与所述负载共同端的电压。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述电压为所述控制开关两端的电压，或为所述负载的电压。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述控制开关的信号由所述控制单元提供；或所述控制开关的控制信号传递至所述控制单元；或所述控制开关的辅助开关信号传递至所述控制单元。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的启动装置，其特征是：还包括一检测所述控制开关电流的电流检测装置，所述电流检测装置的信号连接至所述控制单元。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述电流检测装置用于检测所述控制开关闭合。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述电流检测装置用于检测多路所述控 制开关的电流。
  14. 根据权利要求7所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述控制单元检测到所述控制开关闭合，所述控制单元控制所述第一开关输出一不足以驱动所述负载动作的脉冲驱动所述负载，然后所述控制单元检测到所述控制开关闭合稳定后，再控制所述第一开关输出脉冲驱动负载动作。
  15. 根据权利要求7所述的启动装置，其特征是：所述控制开关的控制信号由所述控制单元提供，或所述控制开关的动作信号提供给所述控制单元，或所述控制单元控制所述第一开关导通时，输出一电信号提供给所述控制开关的控制方。
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