WO2021142930A1 - 一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法 - Google Patents

一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021142930A1
WO2021142930A1 PCT/CN2020/080719 CN2020080719W WO2021142930A1 WO 2021142930 A1 WO2021142930 A1 WO 2021142930A1 CN 2020080719 W CN2020080719 W CN 2020080719W WO 2021142930 A1 WO2021142930 A1 WO 2021142930A1
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Prior art keywords
grinding
vertical grinder
shaping
raw material
vertical
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PCT/CN2020/080719
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙志胜
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厦门艾思欧标准砂有限公司
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Priority to PL20913257.0T priority Critical patent/PL3919179T3/pl
Priority to US17/433,988 priority patent/US20220134347A1/en
Priority to EP20913257.0A priority patent/EP3919179B1/en
Priority to JP2021547679A priority patent/JP7228933B2/ja
Publication of WO2021142930A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021142930A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C21/00—Disintegrating plant with or without drying of the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/16—Mills in which a fixed container houses stirring means tumbling the charge
    • B02C17/163—Stirring means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/04—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with unperforated container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B02C17/186—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
    • B02C17/205—Adding disintegrating members to the tumbling mill
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/26—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone characterised by point of gas entry or exit or by gas flow path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B02C17/186—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy
    • B02C17/1875—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy passing gas through crushing zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
    • B02C17/18—Details
    • B02C17/183—Feeding or discharging devices
    • B02C17/186—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy
    • B02C17/1875—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy passing gas through crushing zone
    • B02C17/1885—Adding fluid, other than for crushing by fluid energy passing gas through crushing zone the applied gas acting to effect material separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/02—Feeding devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
    • B02C23/24—Passing gas through crushing or disintegrating zone
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of a vertical grinder, in particular to a method for grinding and shaping by a vertical grinder.
  • Industrial vertical grinders are traditional industrial basic equipment, which are widely used in mining, electric power, steel, cement, ceramics and other industries. They are large in volume, large in equipment, and consume a lot of energy. Since the Danish Smith Company produced the cement pipe vertical grinder in 1882, the industrial pipe vertical grinder has not been fundamentally improved. The industrial tube vertical grinder currently used in traditional industries has low efficiency, and the energy consumption utilization rate is only At a higher level, more than 95% of electrical energy is converted into waste heat and noise.
  • the process equipment for grinding cement and other dry powders whether it is a roller press (roller vertical mill) combined tube vertical grinder or a roller vertical mill system, has defects.
  • One is high investment and the other is low operation rate.
  • the third is the high operating cost
  • the fourth is the high power consumption
  • the fifth is the loud noise
  • the sixth is the heavy metal pollution of the product
  • the seventh is the poor particle morphology (sphericity, aspect ratio) of the ground cement product, which affects the final concrete product.
  • the performance, compactness, and durability of the product are a worldwide problem.
  • the inventor specially designed a vertical grinder grinding and shaping method, which resulted in this case.
  • a vertical grinder grinding and shaping method for powder or granular grinding and shaping including equipment selection, adding grinding media, starting the vertical grinder, adjusting parameters, feeding grinding and unloading; in,
  • the grinding media is added, the grinding media gradation and filling factor are selected according to the requirements of the particle size of the grinding raw materials and the product particle size, and they are added to the grinding cavity of the vertical grinder;
  • the starting vertical grinder includes sequentially starting the dust collector, the blowing device, the driving device, and the feeding device; wherein the driving device drives the spiral rotor to rotate, and the blowing device blows upward through the bottom of the grinding cavity;
  • the adjustment parameters are adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder to change the circulation speed of the raw material and the grinding medium in the grinding cavity, thereby changing the flow rate of the raw material in the grinding cavity;
  • the feed material is ground, and the material is fed from the upper end feed port of the grinding chamber for grinding;
  • the discharging device In the discharging, the discharging device is opened, and the discharging is performed through the discharging port at the lower end of the grinding cavity.
  • the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor is selected according to the Mohs hardness of the raw material.
  • the Mohs hardness of the raw material gradually increases, the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder gradually decreases.
  • the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor of the selected vertical grinder is large; when the Mohs hardness of the raw material is large, the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor of the selected vertical grinder is small .
  • the Mohs hardness of the raw material is selected to be between 1 and 6, and the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder selected correspondingly is between 0.70 and 1.2.
  • the energy obtained by the grinding medium can match the energy required for raw material grinding, and achieve the effect of optimizing the grinding and shaping effects;
  • the linear velocity of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder is 0.5 ⁇ Between 20m/s;
  • the critical speed is when the grinding ball rotates on the inner wall of the mill, the friction force is generated by the centrifugal force, which is equal to the gravity of the ball, and the ball stops circulating up and down;
  • m is the mass of the grinding ball, kg
  • g is the acceleration due to gravity, m/s 2 , in order to simplify the calculation, take 10m/s 2 here;
  • ⁇ is the friction coefficient of the grinding body, generally 0.1;
  • R is the radius of the inner wall of the grinding chamber, m.
  • d max is the particle size of the largest particle in the raw material
  • the minimum grinding media ball diameter is determined according to the requirements for the fineness of the grinding product. The smaller the particle size, the smaller the minimum ball diameter, which is ⁇ 6mm ⁇ ⁇ 18mm.
  • the filling factor of the grinding medium is between 30% and 70%.
  • the inner wall of the grinding chamber is provided with a circular arc surface liner, the thickness of the circular arc surface liner is 50-100mm, and the material is wear-resistant corundum; the spiral rotor is provided with a spiral liner, and the spiral liner is also used Wear-resistant corundum.
  • the air pressure of the air blowing device used for air blowing in the grinding chamber is between 0 and 0.1 MPa.
  • the feeding device measures the amount of raw materials entering the grinding cavity.
  • the discharge device is provided with a flow valve to control the discharge amount.
  • the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • Grind dry powder (clinker powder) with a median particle size D 50 between 30-40 ⁇ m to a median particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less, and the particle morphology (length-to-diameter ratio, circularity) is greatly improved .
  • the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial schematic view of the present invention.
  • a vertical grinder grinding and shaping method the method mainly adopts the system shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 2.
  • the system includes a grinding chamber, a driving device, a blast device, a feeding device, a discharge device, and a dust collector.
  • the driving device is fixedly arranged above the grinding cavity, the feeding device is connected to the feeding port at the upper end of the grinding cavity, and the discharging device is connected to the discharge port at the lower end of the grinding cavity.
  • the method of the present invention includes equipment selection, adding grinding media, and starting Vertical grinding machine, adjusting parameters, feeding grinding and unloading; among them,
  • a vertical grinder with a suitable spiral rotor pitch/diameter ratio is selected according to the raw materials to be ground.
  • the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor is selected according to the Mohs hardness of the raw materials.
  • the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor corresponding to the vertical grinder gradually decreases.
  • the pitch/diameter ratio of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder selected is large; when the Mohs hardness of the raw material is large
  • the selected vertical grinder spiral rotor has a small pitch/diameter ratio, preferably, the Mohs hardness of the raw material is selected between 1 and 6, and the pitch/diameter ratio of the selected vertical grinder spiral rotor is Between 0.70 ⁇ 1.2;
  • the grinding medium is added, and the grinding medium gradation and filling factor are selected according to the requirements of the particle size of the grinding raw materials and the product particle size, and added to the grinding cavity of the vertical grinding machine;
  • the inner wall of the grinding cavity is provided with a circular arc surface liner ,
  • the arc surface liner has a thickness of 50-100 mm and is made of wear-resistant corundum;
  • the spiral rotor is provided with a spiral liner, and the spiral liner is also made of wear-resistant corundum;
  • the starting vertical grinder includes starting the dust collector, the blowing device, the driving device, and the feeding device in turn; wherein the driving device drives the spiral rotor to rotate, the blowing device blows upward through the bottom of the grinding cavity, and the blowing device mainly It is used to ventilate the grinding chamber and improve the dispersibility of raw material particles and the unblocking of raw material discharge.
  • the air blowing device used for blowing in the grinding chamber has a wind pressure between 0 and 0.1 MPa, according to the vertical grinding
  • the internal temperature of the machine and the outflow of raw materials are adjusted to ensure that the internal temperature of the vertical grinder is lower than 120 °C by adjusting the air volume to ensure that the gypsum is not dehydrated during the cement grinding process;
  • the adjustment parameters are adjusted by adjusting the rotation speed of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder to change the circulation speed of the raw material and the grinding medium in the grinding cavity, thereby changing the flow rate of the raw material in the grinding cavity;
  • the feed material is ground, the material is fed from the feed port at the upper end of the grinding cavity, is ground, and the amount of raw material entering the grinding cavity is measured by a feeding device;
  • the discharging open the discharging device, and discharge the material through the discharge port at the lower end of the grinding chamber.
  • the discharging device is designed with a flow valve to control the discharge amount, which includes a flow valve and a rotor weighing feedback signal to control the discharge amount and the inlet The balance of the material quantity, and then control the fineness of the grinding product.
  • the invention achieves that the energy obtained by the grinding medium meets the energy required for raw material grinding by adjusting the rotation speed of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder, and achieves the effect of optimizing the grinding and shaping effects;
  • the linear velocity of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder is 0.5-20m /s;
  • the critical speed is when the grinding ball rotates on the inner wall of the mill, the friction force is generated by the centrifugal force, which is equal to the gravity of the ball, and the ball stops circulating up and down;
  • m is the mass of the grinding ball, kg
  • g is the acceleration due to gravity, m/s 2 , in order to simplify the calculation, take 10m/s 2 here;
  • ⁇ is the friction coefficient of the grinding body, generally 0.1;
  • R is the radius of the inner wall of the grinding chamber, m.
  • the filling factor of the grinding medium is between 30% and 70%.
  • Maximum ball diameter of the grinding medium Where d max is the particle size of the largest particle in the raw material, and the minimum grinding media ball diameter is determined according to the requirements for the fineness of the grinding product. The smaller the particle size, the smaller the minimum ball diameter, which is ⁇ 6mm ⁇ ⁇ 18mm
  • the present invention moderately increases the linear speed (rotation speed) of the spiral rotor of the vertical grinder.
  • the filling factor of the grinding media increases, the positive pressure in the grinding chamber increases, and the friction frequency between the grinding media and the raw material is also increased.
  • the linear speed (rotation speed) of the vertical grinding machine By reducing the linear speed (rotation speed) of the vertical grinding machine, the grinding energy given to the grinding media is reduced, and the spiral lining of the spiral rotor is reduced.
  • the friction frequency of the plate keeps the total grinding ability unchanged.
  • the vertical grinder of the present invention adopts spherical grinding media, optimizes the grinding media gradation according to the requirements of the Mohs hardness of the raw material, the particle size of the raw material, and the product particle size, and adjusts the vertical grinder according to the energy required for the grinding and shaping of the raw material
  • the linear speed (rotation speed) of the spiral rotor precisely configure the energy required for grinding and shaping.
  • the raw material and the grinding medium are on the surface of the spiral liner along the spiral
  • the upward movement also makes a radial centrifugal movement, and simultaneously makes a spiral downward movement between the gap between the inner wall of the grinding chamber and the spiral liner.
  • the speed difference between the raw material particles and the grinding medium due to the uneven force causes a part of the raw material to be strongly squeezed, punched and sheared, and the other part of the raw material particles rubs against each other, so as to realize the high-efficiency grinding of the raw material, and the spiral rotor fully uses all the energy It is used for grinding media and raw materials, so it can produce the most efficient grinding effect; the main aspects are as follows:
  • the ball diameter of the grinding media and the particle size of the raw materials are more reasonable: due to the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the spiral rotor, the grinding media and raw material particles are distributed from the center of the spiral rotor to the edge of the grinding cavity from small to large. Large ball diameter vs. large particle size has a higher grinding energy efficiency ratio, which is particularly advantageous for the grinding of large particle size raw materials;
  • the positive pressure friction Because the structure and operation mode of the vertical grinder determine the main method of grinding is friction, at the same time, the grinding media and raw materials in the vertical grinder provide strong normal stress and increase the friction. Grinding effect.
  • This method is used to grind and reshape cement clinker powder, fly ash and machine-made sand on a vertical grinder with a specification of ⁇ 600.
  • the cement clinker powder is the cement clinker powder (P ⁇ O42.5 cement, the median particle size D 50 is 33.4 ⁇ m) before the roller press enters the ball mill in the cement plant, and the fly ash is the power plant grade II ash (median The particle size D 50 is 17.8 ⁇ m), and the machine-made sand is raw quartz sand with a particle size range of 0.1-5mm. details as follows:
  • Comparative cement is a cement company that uses a tube mill to grind finished cement products.
  • the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
  • Grind dry powder (clinker powder) with a median particle size D 50 between 30-40 ⁇ m to a median particle size of 15 ⁇ m or less, and the particle morphology (length-to-diameter ratio, circularity) is greatly improved .
  • the method of the present invention has the following advantages:

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  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Abstract

一种立式研磨机（10）研磨与整形的方法，用于粉体或颗粒体的研磨与整形，依次包括设备选型、添加研磨介质、启动立式研磨机（10）、调整参数、进料研磨以及卸料；其中，设备选型，根据需要研磨的原料选择合适螺旋转子螺距/直径比的立式研磨机（10）；添加研磨介质，根据研磨原料粒径及产品粒径的要求选择研磨介质级配以及填充系数，并将其加入研磨腔内；启动立式研磨机（10），包括依次启动收尘器（60）、鼓风装置（30）、驱动装置（20）、喂料装置（40）；调整参数，通过调整立式研磨机（10）螺旋转子的转速，改变原料及研磨介质在研磨腔内的循环速度，从而改变研磨腔内原料流速；进料研磨，从研磨腔的上端进料口进料，进行研磨；卸料，打开卸料装置（50），通过在研磨腔下端的出料口进行卸料。

Description

一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及立式研磨机的技术领域，特别是一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法。
背景技术
工业立式研磨机是传统工业基础设备，广泛应用于矿山、电力、钢铁、水泥、陶瓷等行业，量大面广，设备庞大，消耗大量能源。自1882年丹麦史密斯公司生产水泥管立式研磨机以来，工业用管立式研磨机没有根本性的改进。传统工业现在使用的工业管立式研磨机存在效率低下，能耗利用率只有
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000001
的水平，95％以上的电能转化为废热和噪音。
现在粉磨水泥等干法粉体的工艺设备，无论是辊压机(辊式立磨)联合管立式研磨机还是辊式立磨系统都有缺陷，一是投资高，二是运转率低，三是运行费用高，四是电耗高，五是噪音大，六是产品重金属污染严重，七特别是粉磨水泥产品的颗粒形貌(球形度、长径比)差，影响最终混凝土产品的工作性能、密实度、耐久性，是一项世界性难题。
因此，一项能耗低、运转率高、噪音小、运行费用低、产品质量(颗粒形貌)好、投资低的环境友好型的技术需要新的研磨与整形装备(立式研磨机)来实现，这是目前其他粉磨设备(系统)无法实现的。
有鉴于此，本发明人专门设计了一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，本案由此产生。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，用于粉体或颗粒体的研磨与整形，依次包括设备选型、添加研磨介质、启动立式研磨机、调整参数、进料研磨以及卸料；其中，
所述设备选型，根据需要研磨的原料选择合适螺旋转子螺距/直径比的立式研磨机；
所述添加研磨介质，根据研磨原料粒径及产品粒径的要求选择研磨介质级配以及填充系数，并将其加入立式研磨机的研磨腔内；
所述启动立式研磨机，包括依次启动收尘器、鼓风装置、驱动装置、喂料装置；其中，驱动装置驱动螺旋转子旋转，鼓风装置通过研磨腔底部向上鼓风；
所述调整参数，通过调整立式研磨机螺旋转子的转速，改变原料及研磨介质在研磨腔内的循环速度，从而改变研磨腔内原料流速；
所述进料研磨，从研磨腔的上端进料口进料，进行研磨；
所述卸料，打开卸料装置，通过在研磨腔下端的出料口进行卸料。
进一步的，所述设备选型，螺旋转子的螺距/直径的比值根据原料的莫氏硬度选择，当原料的莫氏硬度逐渐增大，对应立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值逐渐减小，具体的，当原料的莫氏硬度小时，选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值大；当原料的莫氏硬度大时，选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值小。
进一步的，所述原料的莫氏硬度选择在1～6之间，对应选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值在0.70～1.2之间。
进一步的，通过立式研磨机螺旋转子转速的调整达到研磨介质获得的能量满足原料研磨所需的能量相匹配，达到优化研磨与整形功效的作用；立式研磨机螺旋转子的线速度为0.5～20m/s之间；立式研磨机临界线速为
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000002
工作线速度为v 工＝(0.2～0.95)v 临，其中，R为研磨腔内壁半径。
进一步的，V 临的推导如下：
临界转速为研磨球在磨机内壁旋转时，由离心力产生摩擦力，与球重力相等，球停止上下循环；其中
离心力F＝mv 临 2/R
μF＝mg
μmv 临 2/R＝mg
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000003
其中F为离心力，N；
m为研磨球质量，kg；
g为重力加速度，m/s 2,为了简化计算，此处取10m/s 2；
μ为研磨体摩擦系数，一般取0.1；
R为为研磨腔内壁半径，m。
进一步的，所述研磨介质的最大球径
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000004
其中d max为原料中最大颗粒的粒径，而最小研磨介质球径的确定是根据对研磨产品细度的要求确定的，粒径要求越小配入的最小球径愈小，为∮6mm～∮18mm。
进一步的，所述研磨介质的填充系数为30～70％之间。
进一步的，所述研磨腔内壁设置圆弧面衬板，所述圆弧面衬板厚度在50～100mm，材质为耐磨刚玉；所述螺旋转子设置螺旋衬板，所述螺旋衬板亦采用耐磨刚玉。
进一步的，所述鼓风装置用于研磨腔内鼓风的风压在0～0.1MPa之间。
进一步的，所述喂料装置计量进入研磨腔内的原料量。
进一步的，所述卸料装置设置流量阀控制卸料量。
以研磨整形水泥为例，采用本发明的方法具有以下优点：
1.将中位粒径D 50在30-40μm之间的干法粉体(熟料粉)研磨至中位粒径在15μm甚至以下，颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善。
2.实现水泥研磨车间投资降低30-50％，建设及安装调试时间缩短50％左右，新建车间面积缩小至原来的50％左右。
3.实现运行成本降低50％，运转率高达95％，研磨介质磨耗降低2/3，无滑动轴承和稀油站，减少润滑油(脂)、冷却水的消耗。
4.实现水泥研磨节能降噪，节约电耗8-10kWh/t，减少CO 2排放。噪音低于75分贝，改善现场操作人员的工作环境。
5.实现移动式模块化的水泥粉磨站的建设。
6.实现重金属含量达标的环保水泥产品，减少对环境的污染和人体的伤害。
以研磨整形机制砂为例，采用本发明的方法具有以下优点：
1.研磨整形后，机制砂颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善，长径比降低10％以上，圆形度提高5％以上。
2.研磨整形后，机制砂综合胶砂流动度提高8％以上。
3.研磨整形后机制砂配制的混凝土工作性能大幅改善，密实度大幅提高，延长寿命。
4.研磨整形后机制砂配制的混凝土强度与稳定度大幅提高。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本发明的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
其中：
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明的局部示意图。
标号说明：
10-立式研磨机，20-驱动装置，30-鼓风装置，40-喂料装置，50-卸料装置，60-收尘器。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚、明白，以下结合附图和实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，该方法主要采用图1-图2的系统，该系统包括研磨腔、驱动装置、鼓风装置、喂料装置、卸料装置以及收尘器，所述驱动装置固定设置于研磨腔上方，喂料装置连接研磨腔上端的进料口，卸料装置连接于研磨腔下端的出料口，本发明的方法依次包括设备选型、添加研磨介质、启动立式研磨机、调整参数、进料研磨以及卸料；其中，
所述设备选型，根据需要研磨的原料选择合适螺旋转子螺距/直径比的立式研磨机，螺旋转子的螺距/直径的比值根据原料的莫氏硬度选择，当原料的莫氏硬度逐渐增大，对应立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值逐渐减小，具体的，当原料的莫氏硬度小时，选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值大；当原料的莫氏硬度大时，选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值小，优选的，所述原料的莫氏硬度选择在1～6之间，对应选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值在0.70～1.2之间；
所述添加研磨介质，根据研磨原料粒径及产品粒径的要求选择研磨介质级配以及填充系数，并将其加入立式研磨机的研磨腔内；所述研磨腔内壁设置圆弧面衬板，所述圆弧面衬板厚度在50～100mm，材质为耐磨刚玉；所述螺旋转子设置螺旋衬板，所述螺旋衬板亦采用耐磨刚玉；
所述启动立式研磨机，包括依次启动收尘器、鼓风装置、驱动装置、喂料装置；其中，驱动装置驱动螺旋转子旋转，鼓风装置通过研磨腔底部向上鼓风，鼓风装置主要用于研磨腔内通风和改善原料颗粒的分散性及原料卸料的通畅，具体的，所述鼓风装置用于研磨腔内鼓风的风压在0～0.1MPa之间，根据立式研磨机内部温度和原料流出状况，通过调整入磨风量，保证立式研磨机内部温度低于120℃，保证水泥研磨过程石膏不脱水；
所述调整参数，通过调整立式研磨机螺旋转子的转速，改变原料及研磨介质在研磨腔内的循环速度，从而改变研磨腔内原料流速；
所述进料研磨，从研磨腔的上端进料口进料，进行研磨，并通过喂料装置计量进入研磨腔内的原料量；
所述卸料，打开卸料装置，通过在研磨腔下端的出料口进行卸料，卸料装置设计流量阀控制卸料量，其包括流量阀与转子计量称反馈信号控制出料量与入料量的平衡，进而控制研磨产品的细度。
本发明通过立式研磨机螺旋转子转速的调整达到研磨介质获得的能量满足原料研磨所需的能量相匹配，达到优化研磨与整形功效的作用；立式研磨机螺旋转子的线速度为0.5～20m/s之间；立式研磨机临界线速为
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000005
工作线速度为v 工＝(0.2～0.95)v 临，其中，R为 研磨腔内壁半径。
进一步的，V 临的推导如下：
临界转速为研磨球在磨机内壁旋转时，由离心力产生摩擦力，与球重力相等，球停止上下循环；其中
离心力F＝mv 临 2/R
μF＝mg
μmv 临 2/R＝mg
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000006
其中F为离心力，N；
m为研磨球质量，kg；
g为重力加速度，m/s 2,为了简化计算，此处取10m/s 2；
μ为研磨体摩擦系数，一般取0.1；
R为为研磨腔内壁半径，m。
所述研磨介质的填充系数为30～70％之间。所述研磨介质的最大球径
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000007
其中d max为原料中最大颗粒的粒径，而最小研磨介质球径的确定是根据对研磨产品细度的要求确定的，粒径要求越小配入的最小球径愈小，为∮6mm～∮18mm
本发明在研磨介质填充系数降低时，适度提高立式研磨机螺旋转子线速度(转速)运行：
研磨介质填充系数降低时，研磨腔内正压力降低，研磨介质和原料的摩擦频率降低，通过提高立式研磨机线速度(转速)运行，赋予研磨介质更大的能量、增加螺旋衬板的摩擦频率，进而提高研磨能力；
在研磨介质填充系数提高时，适度降低立式研磨机螺旋转子线速度(转速)运行：
研磨介质填充系数提高，研磨腔内正压力增大，研磨介质和原料的摩擦频率也提高，通过降低立式研磨机线速度(转速)运行，赋予研磨介质的研磨能量降低，减少螺旋转子螺旋衬板的摩擦频率，保持总的研磨能力不变。
本发明立式研磨机采用球形研磨介质，根据原料的莫氏硬度、原料粒径、产品粒径的要求等优化配置研磨介质级配，并且依据原料研磨、整形所需的能量调整立式研磨机螺旋转子的线速度(转速)；精准配置研磨、整形所需的能量。本发明所采用的方法在立式研磨机启动工作时，驱动装置驱动螺旋转子低速运转并使研磨介质与原料间产生有序的循环运动，原料和研磨介质在螺旋衬板上表面，沿着螺旋面向上运动同时又做径向的离心运动，并在研磨 腔内壁与螺旋衬板的间隙之间，同时做螺旋式下降运动。原料颗粒和研磨介质因受力不均匀而产生速度差造成一部分原料被强力挤压、冲压和剪切，另一部分原料颗粒间相互摩擦，从而实现原料的高效研磨，并且螺旋转子将全部能量完全作用于研磨介质和原料，所以能够产生最高效的研磨作用；主要有如下几个方面：
第一、全过程研磨整形：螺旋转子与螺旋衬板旋转时通过摩擦使一部分研磨介质和原料上升，能量输入研磨介质的同时也输入原料，原料受挤压、冲压、剪切、研磨；另一部分研磨介质和原料在螺旋转子和研磨腔内壁间受重力、离心力的影响处于下降过程，产生重力撞击和滚动的混合运动，原料受挤压、冲压；
第二、研磨介质的球径、原料粒径匹配更加合理：由于螺旋转子回转产生离心力，研磨介质、原料颗粒依次从小到大由螺旋转子中心到研磨腔边缘分布，小球径对小粒径、大球径对大粒径，研磨能效比更高，特别有利大粒径原料的研磨；
第三、正压力摩擦：由于立式研磨机的结构与运转方式决定了其研磨主要的方式就是摩擦，同时立式研磨机内的研磨介质和原料为摩擦提供了强大的正应力并加大了研磨效果。
具体实施例：
在规格为φ600的立式研磨机上采用本方法分别对水泥熟料粉、粉煤灰和机制砂进行研磨整形。其中水泥熟料粉为水泥厂出辊压机入球磨机之前的水泥熟料粉(P·O42.5水泥，中位粒径D 50为33.4μm)，粉煤灰为电厂Ⅱ级灰(中位粒径D 50为17.8μm)，机制砂为石英砂原砂，粒径范围0.1-5mm。具体如下：
表1研磨整形后的水泥产品性能(与对比水泥比较)
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000008
注：对比水泥为某水泥企业采用管磨机粉磨水泥成品。
从表1可以看出，经过立式研磨机进行研磨整形的水泥产品颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善，标准稠度用水量降低，进而改善水泥混凝土工作性能，提高混凝土寿命。
表2研磨整形后的粉煤灰产品性能(与Ⅱ级灰对比)
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000009
从表2可以看出，粉煤灰原灰经过立式研磨机进行研磨整形后，颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善，细度(中位粒径、45μm筛余)降低明显，需水量比降低，活性指数提高，粉煤灰产品性能大幅改善，在水泥混凝土行业应用前景广阔。
表3研磨整形后的机制砂产品性能(与原砂对比)
Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-000010
从表3可以看出，机制砂原砂经过立式研磨机进行研磨整形后，颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善，胶砂流动度明显提高，进而改善水泥混凝土工作性能，提高混凝土寿命。
综上所述，以研磨整形水泥为例，采用本发明的方法具有以下优点：
1.将中位粒径D 50在30-40μm之间的干法粉体(熟料粉)研磨至中位粒径在15μm甚至以下，颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善。
2.实现水泥研磨车间投资降低30-50％，建设及安装调试时间缩短50％左右，新建车间面积缩小至原来的50％左右。
3.实现运行成本降低50％，运转率高达95％，研磨介质磨耗降低2/3，无滑动轴承和稀油站，减少润滑油(脂)、冷却水的消耗。
4.实现水泥研磨节能降噪，节约电耗8-10kWh/t，减少CO 2排放。噪音低于75分贝，改 善现场操作人员的工作环境。
5.实现移动式模块化的水泥粉磨站的建设。
6.实现重金属含量达标的环保水泥产品，减少对环境的污染和人体的伤害。
以研磨整形机制砂为例，采用本发明的方法具有以下优点：
1.研磨整形后，机制砂颗粒形貌(长径比、圆形度)大幅改善，长径比降低10％以上，圆形度提高5％以上。
2.研磨整形后，机制砂综合胶砂流动度提高8％以上。
3.研磨整形后机制砂配制的混凝土工作性能大幅改善，密实度大幅提高，延长寿命。
4.研磨整形后机制砂配制的混凝土强度与稳定度大幅提高。
上面结合附图对本发明进行了示例性描述，显然本发明具体实现并不受上述方式的限制，只要采用了本发明的方法构思和技术方案进行的各种非实质性的改进，或未经改进将本发明的构思和技术方案直接应用于其它场合的，均在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，用于粉体或颗粒体的研磨与整形，其特征在于，依次包括设备选型、添加研磨介质、启动立式研磨机、调整参数、进料研磨以及卸料；其中，
    所述设备选型，根据需要研磨的原料选择合适螺旋转子螺距/直径比的立式研磨机；
    所述添加研磨介质，根据研磨原料粒径及产品粒径的要求选择研磨介质级配以及填充系数，并将其加入立式研磨机的研磨腔内；
    所述启动立式研磨机，包括依次启动收尘器、鼓风装置、驱动装置、喂料装置；其中，驱动装置驱动螺旋转子旋转，鼓风装置通过研磨腔底部向上鼓风；
    所述调整参数，通过调整立式研磨机螺旋转子的转速，改变原料及研磨介质在研磨腔内的循环速度，从而改变研磨腔内原料流速；
    所述进料研磨，从研磨腔的上端进料口进料，进行研磨；
    所述卸料，打开卸料装置，通过在研磨腔下端的出料口进行卸料。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述设备选型，螺旋转子的螺距/直径的比值根据原料的莫氏硬度选择，当原料的莫氏硬度逐渐增大，对应立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值逐渐减小。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述原料的莫氏硬度选择在1～6之间，对应选择的立式研磨机螺旋转子的螺距/直径比值在0.70～1.2之间。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，通过立式研磨机螺旋转子转速的调整达到研磨介质获得的能量满足原料研磨所需的能量相匹配，达到优化研磨与整形功效的作用；立式研磨机螺旋转子的线速度为0.5～20m/s之间；立式研磨机临界线速为
    Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-100001
    工作线速度为V 工＝(0.2～0.95)V 临，其中，R为研磨腔内壁半径。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述研磨介质的最大球径
    Figure PCTCN2020080719-appb-100002
    其中d max为原料中最大颗粒的粒径，而最小研磨介质球径的确定是根据对研磨产品细度的要求确定的，粒径要求越小配入的最小球径愈小，为∮6mm～∮18mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述研磨介质的填充系数为30～70％之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述研磨腔内壁设置圆弧面衬板，所述圆弧面衬板厚度在50～100mm，材质为耐磨刚玉；所述螺旋转子设置螺旋衬板，所述螺旋衬板亦采用耐磨刚玉。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述鼓风装置用于研磨腔内鼓风的风压在0～0.1MPa之间。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述喂料装置计量进入研磨腔内的原料量。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种立式研磨机研磨与整形的方法，其特征在于，所述卸料装置设置流量阀控制卸料量。
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