WO2021140244A1 - Energy-absorbing shell and also building fitted out therewith - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the fitting out of a building (100) in an energy-efficient manner and also to the energy-efficient operation of this building (100) by not just all the surfaces of a hipped roof (100a), but also the exterior wall surfaces, being covered by an energy-absorbing shell (50), by this energy-absorbing shell (50) consisting, on the one hand, of photovoltaic elements (40) located one behind the other and, on the other hand, of thermal elements (30), and therefore by a very high level of energy generation being achieved, on the one hand per unit of surface area and on the other hand over the building (100) as a whole, this very high level of energy generation - in particular if there is a sufficiently large thermal store (120) and/or electrical store (110) - making the building (100) not just self-sufficient in terms of energy, but even a supplier of energy, not just for an electric vehicle (200) that can be operated by it, but also for feeding into the public power grid. The thermal elements here are used not just as part of the energy-absorbing shell (50), but also separately as a heating/cooling ceiling or heating/cooling floor in the rooms of the building (100), through which a hot or cold heat-carrier medium flows.

Description

Energy shell and building equipped with it

I. Field of application

The invention relates to the energy-related equipment of buildings and de ren mode of operation.

II. Technical background

Basically, there is a need to minimize the energy requirement of a building or even to bring it to zero, ideally even to achieve an energy surplus by means of the building.

In principle, energy can be generated in several ways with the help of a building:

- on the one hand, through photovoltaic elements, which until now have mostly been arranged on the roof surfaces of buildings and with which electrical power is generated,

- by means of heat elements, i.e. heat collectors, which are usually also mounted on roof surfaces and the heat transfer medium carried therein is heated by irradiation with sunlight

- by heat pumps that extract heat from a heat transfer medium, for example groundwater, whereby the heat pumps can be operated electrically or by burning a primary energy form such as oil or gas

- Wind turbines, which are usually also mounted on the roof of a building and which usually also generate electricity. In order to increase the energy yield, not only the roof surfaces, but also wall surfaces or balcony parapets are now being equipped with photovoltaic elements and / or heating elements.

Since heat for storage is subject to losses over a long period of time and - with the commonly used storage tanks that use water as a storage medium - requires large volumes, the storage of heat over the summer half-year and release for heating the building and for hot domestic water over the winter half-year Large storage volumes are necessary, which cannot be accommodated inside the building, but rather only in the subsurface.

With regard to the arrangement of photovoltaic elements or heating elements on roof surfaces, it should be noted that the roof shape still preferred in Germany today is that of a saddle roof - the most common roof shape worldwide - with such elements usually only making sense on one of the two sides of the saddle roof can be equipped.

Furthermore, in the past, photovoltaic elements and heating elements were mostly - if both were present - arranged next to each other on the same roof surfaces or facade surfaces of the building, whereby, due to the high installation effort and the risk of leaks, heating elements in buildings are currently less and less in principle are provided.

In this case, both photovoltaic elements and heating elements are generally applied on the roof surfaces to the roof skin providing the tightness and stability, which is therefore also required.

Furthermore, in the case of buildings produced by the construction site, the installation effort for the energy-related equipment is very high. III. Presentation of the invention a) Technical problem It is therefore the object of the invention to provide the required components, in particular special heating elements, and a building equipped with it, with which the building can be supplied with energy, including energy -A surplus can be achieved. A corresponding method for the energy-related operation of a building is also required for this. b) Solution of the task

This object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 4, 6, 9, 13, 18 and 33. Advantageous embodiments emerge from the subclaims.

With regard to the device, i.e. the thermal elements and their components and an energy shell to be produced therefrom for the building, the basic idea of the present invention is that the thermal element and the photovoltaic element are not next to one another, for example on the outer skin of the building's outer shell of the building, but to integrate them against each other, preferably by the photovoltaic element forming the outer layer of the energy shell, while and on the back of which a heat element is connected to it in contact and the heat generated by the heated photovoltaic element decreases and transported away.

Basically, such heat elements are already known as a layer in a floor structure as underfloor heating or under a room ceiling as a heating / cooling ceiling, in that these known elements on the one hand include holding elements in or between which the mostly meandering pipe or hose line, through which the warming or cooling heat transfer ger medium should be kept circulating. However, in these well-known solutions, the holding elements are designed to be thermally insulating as well as possible, i.e. not thermally conductive, so that the heat transfer line heats the other surrounding components, such as the screed, and less the support elements, which are more likely to absorb the heat the component to which they are attached, for example the raw concrete ceiling, would dissipate. In addition, these Hal teelemente are usually only available at larger intervals along the heat transfer line.

In the context of the present invention, on the other hand, precisely those made of a material with good thermal conductivity, such as metal, are selected as holding elements. There are several reasons for this:

- On the one hand, the heat transfer between the heat exchanger medium in the heat exchanger line and the component on which the Halteele element for the heat exchanger line is located should be optimized, for example, heat from a hot photovoltaic element via this thermally conductive element To transfer the retaining element into the heat exchanger medium,

- Furthermore, the holding element should have as large a surface as possible, via which it can give off heat to the environment or absorb heat from the environment by means of convection or radiation. If this holding element is attached to a poorly thermally conductive surface, such as a wooden panel, there is no significant heat transfer to the wooden panel, but if the surface is good thermally conductive, an insulating layer must be placed in between.

In this context is to be understood under

- A material with good thermal conductivity, one whose thermal conductivity is above 1.0 W / mK and

- Under a poorly thermally conductive material, one whose thermal conductivity is below 1.0 W / mK. In order to achieve the stated task, the holding elements for the Wärmeträ ger lines are not only arranged at intervals along the course of the heat transfer line, but over the majority of this heat transfer line, namely preferably wherever the heat transfer line is runs. Therefore, the holding element is preferably designed as a holding profile, which has a holding area with a C-shaped, i.e. undercut, recess in terms of its cross section in the middle, into which the heat carrier line - be it a flexible tube or a hose - is pressed can, in that the holding flanks of the holding area are elastic.

A contact leg protrudes from this holding area on both sides, the rear sides of the two contact legs pointing away from the opening of the C-shaped recess preferably being aligned with one another, so that it is placed on a substrate with this contact side and fastened, for example screwed or glued can be.

The holding profile is therefore preferably a bent sheet metal profile or an extruded profile, preferably made of metal.

In order not to have to handle the retaining profiles individually, several retaining profiles of the same length running parallel and spaced from one another are combined to form a retaining panel, in which the individual retaining profiles are connected to one another via cross struts and the retaining profiles within a retaining panel are preferably the same distance apart. To equip a surface with a heating element, only those retaining panels with aligned C-shaped recesses have to be placed against one another in the longitudinal direction and arranged in the transverse direction at the desired distance from one another.

Preferably, the respective outer holding profiles of a holding panel are arranged at such an edge distance from the outer edge of the holding panel that when the holding profiles are placed side by side in contact, their outer holding profiles adjacent to one another have the same free spacing from one another occupy like the retaining profiles within a retaining panel, which greatly simplifies assembly.

As soon as the corresponding area is equipped with retaining panels, the heat exchanger line can be laid - as is known from laying underfloor heating - in this case laid in a meandering shape, in this case by pressing into the C-shaped recesses in the holding areas the retaining profiles, and a semicircular bend from the end of one to the end of an adjacent C-shaped recess outside the Haltepa neele.

Such a heating element, consisting of retaining profiles, in particular in the form of a retaining panel, and the heat transfer line received therein, which is in contact with the retaining profile and where the heat transfer line preferably also consists of a thermally highly conductive material, can be used for heating or cooling of a room can be arranged on the raw ceiling or on the raw floor of a room.

Furthermore, such heat elements can also be attached to the back of plate-shaped photovoltaic elements with good thermal conductivity, for example the contact surface of the holding profiles or holding panels can be glued flat to the back of the photovoltaic elements by means of a thermally conductive adhesive.

In this way, a so-called energy shell is created, which generates electricity on the same surface through the photovoltaic element and, by means of the heat element, heat that is removed from the hot photovoltaic elemen through contact, which is not just theirs Lifespan is increased, but above all its efficiency is also increased, because the efficiency of a photovoltaic element is better, the lower the operating temperature of the photovoltaic element. Preferably, a holding panel is not assigned to a photovoltaic element, but the back of a photovoltaic surface formed from a plurality of photovoltaic elements is continuously pasted over the joints between the photovoltaic elements with holding profiles, in particular holding panels, on the back and then the heat transfer line is laid in a meandering shape in it, so that the straight sections of the meandering heat exchanger line go straight through in a direction of extent of the generally rectangular photovoltaic surface over its entire length.

If a light permeability of this energy shell is required, this can be set and adjusted via the distance between the individual photovoltaic surfaces, usually the individual silicon cells, a large number of which are arranged on a photovoltaic element. The photovoltaic layer is preferably accommodated between two transparent glass plates which are glued to one another.

The retaining profiles and in particular retaining panels are preferably designed and dimensioned in such a way that the energy shell generated with them is not only inherently stable, but also environmentally-related even with only linear support, the spacing of which is at least 80 cm, better at least 1 m Withstands loads, for example, with a horizontal arrangement, withstands a surface load beyond its own weight of up to 300 kg / m ² .

As a result, such an energy shell can be laid on the roof of a building without a flat, continuous or very close-meshed supporting structure, so that the rafters - if necessary with horizontally running slats attached to them - are sufficient, on which the energy shell is also laid directly can be, if the roof may be a so-called cold roof, which does not have to be thermally insulated for residential purposes, for example.

The energy shell then represents the envelope element for the building in the roof area, i.e. as a roof element, without further measures. As a wall element In contrast, the envelope element comprises, in addition to the energy shell, a wall panel which thermally insulates the surrounding space and on the outside of which the energy shell is attached at a distance. If the gap is open at the top and bottom, the warm shell element creates a strong chimney effect, so that rotors and generators coupled to it can generate additional electricity at the top end of the gap, while at the same time cooling the air in the gap and thus passing it on of heat on the wall panel make it even more difficult.

Such wall panels can also be used as floor panels or ceiling panels to close the room inside the building downwards or upwards or to separate the floors in the building from each other, so as Ge storey ceilings.

A building on site on the construction site can be assembled from this large-scale shell element with little assembly effort in a very short time, so that the majority of the assembly work beforehand and therefore in a clean and weather-protected environment such as a factory hall and with the corresponding auxiliary devices cost-effective, partially automated.

When viewed from the outside, the photovoltaic element preferably has a lighter color than black, preferably brown, sand-colored or even white, which is closer to the common color of an exterior wall of a building than black.

Since the energy shell is partially translucent, it must be considered whether the outside of the wall panel should absorb or reflect the sunlight that passes through it, which must be decided, for example, depending on the installation location and the average temperatures there. Depending on this, a rather light or a rather dark color is chosen for the outside of the wall panel. Also depending on the environmental factors at the location, the wall panel, which is usually made up of several layers, is selected in such a way that either the thermal insulation effect or the acoustic insulation effect of the wall panel is in the foreground, or another physical parameter. In order to achieve a heat storage effect, the wall plate has a storage plate inside, between the outer layers, and preferably at a distance from these, made of a good heat-storing material with a heat storage capacity of at least 2000 J / (kgK)

The thickness of this storage disk can be selected depending on the desired storage capacity, the heat release of the storage disk preferably taking place so much delayed in time to the end of the heating process that the heat absorbed by the storage disk towards the end of the day essentially only begins at the beginning of the Night, i.e. after at least 5 hours, better 7 hours, is released again.

A multilayer wall panel is preferably constructed in such a way that at least one of the outer layers, preferably on both sides, is a solid panel made of a wood material, such as a plywood panel or USB panel, preferably with a thickness of at least 2 cm, better at least 3 cm.

At least one of the outer layers, in particular the outermost layer, the outermost layers, can - instead of or preferably in addition to the solid wood-based panel - be a magnesium oxide panel, which is more than 80% by weight, better than 90% by weight. consists of magnesium oxide, and which is almost incombustible, as its melting point is only 2800 ° C.

Such a Magnesi umoxid plate is a very effective fire protection, especially when building the wall panel and other parts of the building with a high proportion of wood or proportion of other combustible materials. In order to improve the breaking strength of the magnesium oxide plate, which mostly consists primarily of pressed and / or glued magnesium oxide powder, stabilizing components, for example fibers or a fabric or a grid, for example made of glass fibers, are integrated in the magnesium oxide plates.

The wall panel preferably also has a stabilizing panel made of a wood-based material, for example, in the middle area of its thickness, which further increases the stability of the entire wall panel. The wall panel is preferably constructed symmetrically in terms of its cross section.

The wall panels are preferably not fastened directly against one another, but rather a wall panel is usually mounted between two upright supports and for this purpose is positively connected to such an upright support on the side edges viewed in the top view and is pushed in from above so that the peripheral walls are built up piece by piece.

In spite of the upstream energy shell or if one is not available, the outside of the wall elements can be provided with a protective coating, which is intended to keep the effects of the weather on the wall panel as low as possible.

The exterior paint is preferably diffusion-open, but waterproof, and preferably self-repairing, in that conclusions due to thermal stresses either do not arise - since the paint has a very high elasticity - or automatically close again tightly.

The exterior paint preferably consists of an aqueous plastic dispersion, in particular an acrylic dispersion, in which a high proportion, preferably over 50% by volume and up to 90% by volume, of microscopic hollow spheres made of ceramic or glass are contained with diameters of Area preferably below 1/5 mm, preferably below 1/10 mm. This results in an even distribution of heat in the exterior paint and high abrasion resistance With regard to a building, the existing object is achieved in that the outer shell of the building consists of the roof elements described above and / or the wall elements described above, preferably only consists of these.

In addition, one of the previously described heating elements is arranged in the individual rooms of the building on the ceiling and / or on the floor in order to cool and / or heat the corresponding room by means of hot or cold heat transfer medium flowing through.

Since the corresponding raw ceiling or floor should have as little heat exchange with the heating element as possible, the heating element is preferably attached to the raw ceiling or the raw floor in a thermally insulated manner, for example with a thermal insulating strip in between. If the bare floor or the bare ceiling itself consists of a thermally well insulating material such as wood, this can be dispensed with.

The roof of the building is preferably designed as a hipped roof that is hipped on at least one side - which can have a gable on one end face of the roof, preferably the north side, so that in a rectangular building - all four sides of the roof have a sloping roof.

This has the advantage that the proportion of the roof area that is exposed to sunlight during a solar cycle during the day is significantly higher than with a gable roof, especially if the gable roof has a roof overhang, and even if the gable is also included in such a gable roof would be equipped with such an energy element. For this purpose, the photovoltaic elements are not only available in the form of rectangular elements, but also in the form of triangular elements, an edge length of one of the triangles preferably corresponding to an edge length of one of the squares. Of course, the apex angle of these triangles, which are usually symmetrical in the center, correlates with the pitch of the hip roof. For the energy-related operation of the building, in addition to the thermal elements and the photovoltaic elements, other elements must of course be available, at least one electrical power storage, short battery, for storing, at least temporarily, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements and a thermal storage , or storage boiler for short, to absorb the heated heat transfer medium and the thermal energy stored in it, and of course the corresponding line connections between them.

The storage tank is preferably designed as a layered storage tank.

The equipment also includes at least one pump, preferably several pumps, to allow the heat transfer medium to circulate in the lines, as well as line distributors to transfer the heat transfer medium from a main line to the individual circuits, for example for the heating / cooling ceilings of the individual rooms to let flow.

Since the building's energy consumers are primarily to be operated with the electricity it generates itself, the building can also optionally include one or more of the following electrical consumers:

- an electricity tap for every type of electric vehicle, for example on the outside of the house or away from the house, for refueling such an electric vehicle, which can be a car, a motorcycle, a bicycle or a lawnmower with an electric drive,

- an electrically operated hob, in particular a stove and / or an oven and / or a grill, also a garden grill,

- of course an electrically operated lighting system,

- An electrically operated washing machine, in particular with hot water inlet, in order to be able to use the abundant heat from the storage boiler, especially in summer, to heat the service water for the washing machine - Also an electrically operated dishwasher, in particular again with a hot water connection, the hot water required for this, as known, is heated by the heat exchanger medium circulating in a closed circuit via a heat exchanger in the storage tank

- An electrically operated heat pump, which, if required, is used to extract heat from the heat transfer medium and thereby generate cool heat transfer medium, as required, for example, for cooling the building, or vice versa, to generate warm heat transfer medium for heating of the building or the melting of the snow-covered photovoltaic elements

In addition, there is of course a central, mostly electronic, control system which, among other things, controls the energy flows within the building.

Preferably, the roof can be raised and lowered with respect to the rest of the building, in particular raised and lowered by a motor, for example to create a distance between the upper edge of the surrounding parapet of the attic and the underside of the roof and thereby create a covered, but laterally open roof terrace form.

The building furthermore preferably comprises at least one water reservoir, whereby water does not have to be understood as pure water, but rather the water has additives such as, for example, to prevent freezing, algae, germs and the like. may contain.

One of these water storage tanks is a hot water storage tank, which functions as a thermal storage tank and is therefore thermally insulated from the environment.

A further water reservoir, namely a cold water reservoir, is preferably present, the water contained in the cold water reservoir being colder than the water contained in the hot water reservoir. Depending on the positioning of the cold water storage tank and the local climatic conditions, it can also be thermally insulated from the environment, but if it is completely or partially underground - especially in moderate climatic zones - it cannot be thermally insulated from the underground, so that cooler soil can cool the water contained in the cold water storage tank.

The building preferably also includes a process water tank, in which, for example, rainwater is collected and which is therefore connected to the roof gutters.

The at least one, preferably several, water storage tanks are preferably used to stabilize the building:

If the water reservoir or reservoirs are on the ground or are preferably fully or partially embedded in the ground, they serve to stabilize the building in that the building is firmly connected to these very heavy water reservoirs - especially after being filled with water act like ground anchors.

A part of the water storage can also be arranged in raised parts of the building in order to exert a load on the load-bearing walls, usually the outer walls, of the building and to keep them on the ground due to gravity, even if, for example, strong wind forces Apply pressure to the roof of the building from bottom to top.

For this purpose, the domestic water storage tank is preferably arranged in raised parts of the building, preferably as a parapet of the Dachge shot in a space-saving manner, that is to say in the case of a permanently mounted roof as the knee of the roof. This has the additional advantage that to use the service water, the height of the fall ensures sufficient water pressure and not even an electric pump is required to flush a toilet or a washing machine with service water using the water from the service water tank in the building below supply.

If the roof - which is offered as an option - can be raised and lowered in relation to the rest of the building - in particular between a position almost or completely resting on the surrounding parapet and a position raised from it by preferably at least half a meter, preferably at least one meter - Of course, the circumferential parapet no longer serves as a knee stick to carry the weight of the roof, but rather the height-extending supports, by means of which the roof can be raised and lowered in a controlled manner.

In addition, the building can also include a drinking water storage tank that is refilled either from purified, in particular filtered, rainwater from the gutters and / or by means of a condensation system that separates water from the ambient air by condensation.

The condensation can be brought about by lowering the temperature of the air, which also reduces the air's ability to absorb water. A conventional air conditioning system with a compressor and evaporator can be used for this, whereby the condensation water generated can be collected and the cool air generated can also be used for room temperature control.

Even without a conventional air conditioning unit, condensation water can be generated - in particular by means of an inclined built-in stretch film that covers the underside of the energy elements at a distance - if the climatic conditions in the vicinity of the building allow this and / or the under tension film or the cool retaining profiles cool the air accordingly. Also one - especially one operated with self-produced surplus electricity

- The heat pump can be used to cool the ambient air and condense the water it contains.

In addition, such an existing heat pump can be used for other purposes,

- be it to extract heat from an existing geothermal, open or closed water cycle and thus to heat the building,

- be it to extract heat from the water flowing through the heating elements on the room ceilings.

The building preferably contains a building-internal electrical network, that is to say on-board network, which is preferably operated by means of direct current on a low-voltage basis, that is to say with an operating voltage between 10 volts and 50 volts.

This means that all low-voltage direct current consumers can be connected directly to it without individual conversion of alternating current into direct current, and these are preferably the LED-based lighting and / or the sensors in and on the house and / or the central control that does this entire building, in particular its energy management, controls and / o the screens available in the house and / or the screens available in the house and / or the electric battery.

Since the transmission of large electrical power is difficult in the low-voltage range, the electrical consumers with high power requirements such as stove, oven, washing machine, dishwasher are operated at a higher voltage and preferably with alternating current, which is either generated from the photovoltaic Elements generated direct current is generated by means of rectifiers or obtained from the public alternating current network who can. On the top and / or outside of the parapet in the attic, beds, in particular boxes in the form of enlarged balcony flowers, can be arranged, in which vegetables and herbs can be grown.

Since the roof preferably has a roof overhang over the external dimensions of the building and thus also the parapet, these parapet beds must be actively supplied with water, which controls easily and automatically ge, especially with a service water tank integrated in the parapet is possible.

The roof modules, which preferably only consist of the energy shell, and the whole roof, which consists of the roof modules, are preferably covered in a watertight manner on the underside by an under-tensioning film that allows water to penetrate through leaks in the energy element derives its downward slope outward to its lower edge.

This lower edge is - preferably over its entire circumferential length - just above the gutter, so that this water is also diverted via the gutter and cannot reach the top of the rest of the building, i.e. the floor of the attic.

In order to be able to roughly determine the incidence of light in the attic, the photovoltaic elements are available in different degrees of transparency, whereby the efficiency of power generation per area usually decreases somewhat with increasing transparency. Nevertheless, in this way, sufficient light can get into the attic without having to carry out complex structural measures for the incidence of light, such as roof-surface windows or the like, which always cause leakage problems.

The photovoltaic elements are preferably equipped with their surface to be aligned towards the sun with a nano-coating, which greatly reduces the friction with respect to objects adhering to them and thereby Becomes self-cleaning by washing off dirt from the rain.

As usual, windows are provided to allow light to enter the floors below the top floor.

Especially when the windows reach to the floor and in particular at wall height window elements are used, in particular parts of the outer surface are completely glazed, the incidence of light and the visibility into the building can preferably be controlled by indoor or outdoor blinds on the windows become.

There are preferably two different roller blinds, one of which is opaque but permeable to light, while the other is completely opaque and thus serves to darken the interior of the building.

Preferably one of them, preferably the completely opaque roller blind, is the outer roller blind, and the other is preferably the inner roller blind.

The at least one roller blind preferably has a rest position in which the roller blind is wound onto a winding roll or is connected together in a reservoir. The rest position, i.e. the winding roll or the reservoir, is located on the lower edge of the surface to be darkened and can be moved upwards from there with its free end edge.

As a result, the visual effect of a floor-to-ceiling or wall-to-ceiling window can be optically converted into a parapet.

In particular, if there is a second roller blind upside down, i.e. with a roll or folded container on the upper edge and a lower edge that can be moved downwards from there, the size of the freely unobstructed window remaining in between and its height can vary depending on the situation inside of the building can be freely adjusted. The energy requirement of the building can also be kept low by keeping the interior volume of the building to be tempered, and thus in particular the floor area of the building, low.

Since, for example, when used as a residential building, the residents expect different functions of the building and the living spaces, such as a wet room, a toilet, sleeping facilities, and cooking facilities, the room size can be kept small by measures that reduce the space required for these individual functions:

One possibility is the use of so-called smart, i.e. multi-functional, furniture:

This is understood to mean furniture that can be adjusted between an activated position and a deactivated position, the deactivated position taking up a significantly smaller footprint within the living space than the deactivated position, for example in the case of a folding bed.

However, such smart furniture can also fulfill different functions depending on its location and positioning, for example as a desk on the one hand, sideboard in the living area or dining table on the other.

Such smart furniture can, for example, also be adjustable between an activated and deactivated position simply by changing its position and without changing its base area itself, in which it is accessible from several sides in the activated position than in the deactivated position and only through this are easy to use.

An example of this is a kitchen, which has to be accessible from several sides in the manner of a cooking island, but in the deactivated position can be pushed close to a wall of the building, especially in a corner of the room can and thereby the im activated state, required traffic areas are available for other purposes.

Such a kitchen is preferably designed as a roundabout, which can be rotated around an upright axis - preferably in individual floors one above the other - and the floor containing the electrical devices such as stove, oven, refrigerator is preferably rotatable.

In the deactivated state, in particular pushed into the corner, the kitchen can also be covered by closing a horizontally or vertically closable movable room divider, such as a horizontal slat roller blind.

The bathroom is preferably also housed in a corner of a room, whereby it can be designed round or rounded towards the room for optical reasons like the kitchen.

However, as a rule, the bathroom cannot be rotated, nor is the wet cell, which takes up part of the area, and certainly not the bathroom area in front of the wet cell. Since the bathroom and / or the wet room are closed at the top so as not to distribute the steam in the building, the wall surfaces in the bathroom and / or the wet room are equipped with heating elements behind them, which keep the air at a higher temperature than in the rest of the room of the building.

The outer surfaces of the outer walls, that is to say the wall plates serving as outer walls, can preferably be coated with a coating or color in a selectable shade, which is preferably composed of ceramic material as a base and micro-glass spheres with a size of 0.01 mm contains up to 1.0 mm, in particular in a weight proportion between 10% and 80%, better between 20% and 60% and moreover the color pigments in order to achieve the desired color of the coating. These micro-glass spheres distribute the heat in the air along the wall more evenly in height and make it more difficult to stratify the air in the air space, at least near the wall. Since the micro glass spheres also emit radiant heat, the existing temperature stratification is less perceived by people even away from the wall.

With regard to the method for energy-related operation of such a building, the existing object is achieved in that, in a building with the energy-related equipment described, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements is first used as is known to operate all electrical loads in the building, if necessary below Intermediate storage in the battery and the thermal energy collected by the heat elements is used to operate the room heating and the supply of hot water consumers, possibly with intermediate storage in the thermal memory.

The special feature according to the invention is that on the one hand both electrical energy and thermal energy are generated or collected on the same surface of the outer shell of the building, in particular by the heating of the photovoltaic elements by means of heat when generating electrical current -Elements is removed and stored as thermal energy, thereby also cooling the photovoltaic elements.

The heat transfer lines present in the energy shell, in particular the individual energy elements, on the back of the photovoltaic elements can be used for different purposes:

When there is strong sunlight and / or high outside temperatures, photovoltaic elements heat up, and the efficiency of their electricity generation decreases with the increase in operating temperature.

By passing cooler heat transfer medium through the heat transfer lines compared to the temperature of the photovoltaic elements, for which even the im Heat transfer storage medium can be sufficient with regard to its temperature - the holding profile is cooled by the heat transfer line and, via its thermally highly conductive connection, in particular gluing, also the areas of the photovoltaic element that are adjacent to it, so that its temperature drops or can be kept lower than without such cooling and its power generation is improved.

Conversely, in cold regions where there is snowfall and snow is deposited on the photovoltaic elements, thus preventing solar radiation and power generation by the photovoltaic elements, it can be used to clear the snow:

For this purpose, only heat transfer medium with a temperature above 0 ° C has to be passed through these heat transfer lines on the back of the photovoltaic elements until their outside also warms up to above 0 ° C and thaws the bottom layer of the snow on them, which will then slide downwards from the photovoltaic element due to gravity on this condensation.

In order to have different temperature levels in the form of heat transfer medium available for one of these tasks or for use in the building, i.e. warm medium and cold medium - whereby a thermal storage device is usually available for both - can in the event of a deficiency at one temperature type this can be remedied by using a heat pump to generate heat transfer medium of the desired temperature type from the other temperature type, which is then usually in abundance, and either use it immediately or keep it in stock.

The heat pump, usually a liquid-air heat pump, is electrically operated by means of the current generated by the photovoltaic elements, and this conversion is preferably carried out when the photovoltaic elements generate a lot of electricity, i.e. preferably during the day. In hot areas, the generated electricity can be used directly to generate heat transfer medium, which is cooler than the ambient air and which cools the rooms of the building by flowing through the heat transfer lines on the floor or under the ceiling of the building.

The heat pump can also have a connection to the groundwater or heat collection lines laid in the ground, through which the heat transfer medium flows, and for heating the building - especially in colder areas - using the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements extract heat from the heat transfer medium, which is kept at approx. 10 ° C by the subsoil / groundwater, and thus heat the heat transfer medium of a preferably other circuit, for example heat transfer medium which is routed through the heat transfer lines in the rooms of the building, to heat them.

The heat transfer lines of the building are preferably divided into individual sub-circuits, so that, for example, the heat transfer lines under each of the individual roof modules that form one side of the roof form a single sub-circuit, as well as those of the individual outer walls of the building and also the heat transfer lines on the ceiling or in the floor of the rooms of the building form a partial cycle for each room.

This makes it possible, if a certain temperature type is required, a heat carrier medium in one of these sub-circuits to initially connect this with another sub-circuit that currently has this temperature type.

Often the need for this type of temperature can already be covered in this way, at least for a certain period of time, so that the heat pump only has to be used when this is no longer sufficient. In this case, the interconnection of the individual sub-circuits can take place automatically via the control system, whereby self-regulation can be achieved in particular by means of a so-called hydraulic switch, i.e. without using the control system.

In a preferred embodiment, the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements is used to operate the electrical household appliances and the circulation pumps for the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer lines, the heat pump and, if necessary, to supply the electricity filling station with intermediate storage in the battery, the thermal energy collected by the heat elements used to operate the room heating and the supply of hot water consumers, possibly with intermediate storage in the thermal storage, both the electrical energy and the thermal energy on the same area of the generated from photovoltaic elements and heat elements one above the other arranged energy shell, in particular in that the heating of the photovoltaic elements that occurs when generating electricity is removed by means of the heat elements and the photovoltaic elements are thereby cooled.

In a further preferred embodiment, snow-covered photovoltaic elements are defrosted by passing heat transfer medium with a temperature above 0 ° C. through the heating elements.

In the context of a further preferred embodiment, a heat pump operated by means of the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements cools the heat transfer medium and uses it

- by means of implementation inside the building for cooling the indoor air and / or

- To condense out the moisture contained in the warm ambient air in order to obtain drinking water and / or industrial water. In a further preferred embodiment, a heat pump operated by means of the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements removes heat from the groundwater and heats the heat transfer medium and charges the thermal store or heats the building directly by passing through the heat transfer lines inside the building or heated the photovoltaic elements.

In a further preferred embodiment, the heat carrier lines are divided into sub-circuits, in particular according to the individual roof surfaces and wall surfaces on the outside of the building and / or the individual rooms inside the building and the energy-related control of the building controls the individual parts. According to the need for different energy levels in the individual sub-circuits and in the thermal storage, in particular with snow-covered roof areas, the heat transfer medium circuit under the roof area which is first lit up during the day is directly linked to the heat transfer medium circulation system of the next roof area lit up during the day, or all of them connected to other roof surfaces.

In a further preferred embodiment, warm heat transfer medium is pumped through the heat transfer circuit under the roof surfaces to cool down at night to achieve cooled heat transfer medium and the cooled heat transfer medium is used the next day to cool the building.

In a further preferred embodiment, electricity is generated by means of a wind rotor driven by moving air and coupled to a generator, which is arranged on the roof to drive using outside air and / or which is arranged above the distance between the energy shell and the outer wall is driven by air that rises in it and is heated by the energy shell. c) Embodiments

Embodiments according to the invention are described in more detail below by way of example. Show it:

1: a part of a building according to the invention in a perspective view,

Figure 1a: a section along the line A - A through the roof of the building according to Figure 1 with a 1st design of the retaining profiles,

Figure 1b: a section along the line B - B through a wall of the building according to Figure 1,

Figure 1c: a section along the line C - C through a ceiling of the building according to Figure 1,

Figure 2a: a plan view from above into the interior of a floor of the building,

Figure 2b: a front view of the interior as shown in Figure 2a,

Figure 2c: a perspective view of the round kitchen,

Figure 3a: a section analogous to Figure 1a with a second design of the holding profile,

Figure 3b: a section analogous to Figure 1a with a third design of the holding profile,

Figure 3c: a plan view of interconnected panels with a 1st construction form of a heat transfer line, Figure 3d: a plan view of interconnected panels with a 2nd construction form of a heat transfer line,

FIG. 1 shows a building 100 in which a roof 100a is placed on the body 100b of the building - consisting of a base plate 106 and a ceiling plate 105 and wall elements 90 in between - the building 100 being designed and equipped according to the invention:

Both the roof surfaces - although not shown, preferably all roof surfaces - and at least some of the wall surfaces, i.e. the outside of the wall elements 90, have an energy shell 50, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 1a and is made up of external photovoltaic elements in cross section 40 and heating elements 30 arranged on the inside thereof.

Since such photovoltaic elements 40 are usually produced in the form of rectangular plates, so far only the rectangular roof surfaces of gable roofs have been equipped with them, although hip roofs with their trapezoidal or triangular roof surfaces - viewed worldwide - are much more common and above all have the advantage that they have roof surfaces that are sloping in all directions.

If the roof 100a has a ridge direction from east to west, for example, high additional yields of generated electricity and, in this case, also heat can be achieved with the aid of the energy shell 50 on the angled eastern and southern gable surfaces.

In the present case, the ridge is designed in the form of a narrow horizontal surface, that is to say without a point, and the ridge surface is also made from photovoltaic elements 40, which, however, is not a prerequisite for a building 100 according to the invention. The rectangular photovoltaic elements 40 are preferably designed in such a way that they can be cut to the required shape on site at the construction site.

The shape of the individual photovoltaic elements 40 must correspond very precisely to the desired shape, since in the roof 100a according to the invention, as shown in section in FIG. 1a, the energy shell 50 simultaneously represents the weatherproof roof skin, i.e. there are no roof tiles or the like under the photovoltaic elements 40 are located.

An important aspect of the invention is the construction of the energy shell 50 from photovoltaic elements 40 on the one hand, the outside of which is exposed to sunlight, and on the other hand, heating elements 30, which is arranged on the back of the photovoltaic elements 40 facing away from the sun:

The heating elements 30 consist of retaining profiles 1 made of a material with good thermal conductivity such as aluminum or sheet steel - as shown enlarged in FIG. 1c - the profile cross-section of which has a folded area 2 or several parallel spaced apart areas 2 at the front or in cross-section with in this first design the fold profile 1 per fold area 2 the two fold legs 2a, b and a recess 4 between them, in which a heat transfer line 31, usually a hose or a tube 31 with a round cross-section, can be held.

For this reason, the fold area 2 is usually C-shaped and with the recess 4 undercut and the two fold legs 2a, b face each other with their concave inner sides, so that a Wärmeträ ger line 31 with the corresponding outer cross-section sufficiently elastic fold area 2, in particular sufficiently elastic fold leg 2a, b, can be positively pressed into recess 4 from the open side and locked. The heat transfer line 31 should also consist of a material that is conductive as well as possible, and the contact surface between the outer circumference of the heat transfer line 31 and the inner circumference of the recess 4 should be as possible in order to prevent heat transfer from the retaining profile 1 to the heat transfer line 31 to hinder as little as possible.

From the holding area 2 strive on both sides of flat and mutually aligned contact legs 3a, b, which are connected to the holding legs 2a, b of the holding area 2 in a thermally conductive manner, in particular are formed integrally with them.

These retaining profiles 1 are applied and glued by means of a thermally highly conductive adhesive 32 on the back of the photovoltaic elements 40, which are preferably already on a substructure - for example the roof battens 101 of a roof truss, which are fixed on the rafters 102 and run horizontally.

This is preferably done over a plurality of adjacent photovoltaic elements 40 or always only in pieces that only extend along a photovoltaic element 40, but then have to be aligned with one another.

Preferably, several retaining profiles 1 - mostly running parallel and at a distance from one another - are combined and mounted to form larger retaining panels 20 by means of transverse struts (not shown) so that these retaining panels 20 as a whole can be attached to the back of photovoltaic elements 40.

In this way, the operating heat of the photovoltaic elements 14, which heat up during operation, can be transferred via the retaining profiles 1 and the heat transfer line 31 to the heat transfer medium flowing therein and thus dissipated and otherwise stored. As shown in FIG. 3c and also recognizable in FIG. 1c, a heat transfer line 31, for example a heat transfer hose 31, preferably runs not only through a single holding area 2 of a holding profile 1, but by laying the heat transfer hose 31 in a meandering manner one behind the other through a large number of such holding areas 2, in that the hose 31 is led out of one end in the profile direction 1 ', e.g. 1a, of the holding profile 1 and thus a holding area 2 and by bending into a semicircle into the one at the same end, e.g. 2 is introduced and so on.

Thus, a single heat transfer line 31 with only two open ends can cover or occupy a very large area, for example an entire roof surface or wall surface or ceiling area of a building, which greatly reduces the risk of the heat transfer line 31 leaking analogously to today's common underfloor heating, in which also usually a single meandering hose line occupies the floor of an entire room

Since the photovoltaic elements 40 together represent the weatherproof roof skin, they are sealed against one another with the aid of seals 51, in particular sealing profiles 51, which can preferably still be attached to their support structure, such as the roof battens 101, after the photovoltaic elements 40 have been installed , for example by screwing in or clipping in between the edges of adjacent photovoltaic elements 40, from the outside or preferably from the inside.

In order to be able to divert penetrating moisture downwards without damage, a waterproof underlay film 109 can be installed under the entire roof surface, either between the roof battens 101 and the rafters 102 or on the inside of the roof parren 102 facing the room, where also a planking 109, preferably for optical reasons, can be provided. FIG. 1b shows a vertical section through a wall structure 100b, in which the energy shell 50 is again mounted on the outside of the load-bearing wall, which here consists of a wall panel 70, as previously described with reference to the roof 100a.

This is preferably done at a distance from the outside of the wall plate 70 by means of spacer elements arranged in between, such as spacer bars 101, which are best arranged to run vertically. In this case too, the individual photovoltaic elements 40 of the energy shell 50 are connected to one another in a watertight manner via sealing profiles 51.

The wall panel 70 itself consists of several layers running along its main plane, this layer structure preferably being symmetrical:

Inside, preferably in the middle, there is a core layer 71, which primarily provides the stability of the wall panel 70 and can, for example, consist of a wood material, either in the form of a laminated wood panel or a USB panel, in which wood fibers with a relatively high proportion of glue are held together.

When attaching to surrounding components, for example vertically protruding wall posts, not shown, which may be present between the individual wall panels 70, the wall panels 70 are fastened, in particular screwed, by screwing them into this core panel 71.

The second function of the core plate 71 is that of heat storage and thus delayed heat release compared to heat absorption.

Together with the corresponding definition of the insulating effect of the insulating plates 73a, b adjoining the core plate 71 on both sides, in particular directly adjacent, the time offset between heat absorption and heat emission by the core plate 71 can thus be defined. The amount of heat storage can be determined by choosing the material of the core plate. The outermost layer consists of an outer plate 72a, which is preferably made of a fire-retardant material, preferably magnesium oxide. There is an insulating layer in between.

Between the outer plate 72a, b and the insulating layer 73a, b, another layer, the stability and / or the sound insulation and / or the heat storage, can be arranged - be it as a plate or in another form.

Likewise, air-filled spaces between individual layers can exist and / or the individual layers can also be in another form instead of in the form of plates, for example the outermost layers are applied by a coating and / or the layers consist of loose particles, which then a circumferential frame around the wall plate 70 requires.

Figure 1c shows a vertical section through the structure of a floor.

The same plate with the same plate structure is preferably used as the ceiling plate 105 and also as the wall plate 106.

Further layers for sound insulation or footfall sound insulation can be located on the upper side of the ceiling plate 105.

It is essential to the invention, however, that a heating element 30 is again mounted on the underside of the ceiling plate 105 - again spaced by spacing elements such as spacer bars 101 - consisting of a plurality of retaining profiles 1, in their recesses 4 with heat transfer medium flowing through hoses or pipes 31 are mounted, preferably again from one to the next retaining profile 1 by meandering laying of the pipes 31 as shown in Figure 3c, so that each room of the building is occupied by a preferably single snake in the form of such a pipe 31 on the ceiling. By passing warm heat transfer medium through the Rohrleitun conditions 31, the rooms in the building are heated and cooled by passing cold heat transfer medium through.

For optical reasons, an air-permeable false ceiling can be mounted below the heating element 30, be it in the form of an air-permeable underlay sheet or in the form of a perforated paneling, which is not shown here.

FIG. 3d shows, in connection with the sectional view of FIG. 3a, another possibility of creating a meander-shaped heat transfer line

31:

The holding areas 2 are in terms of their profile shape as circumferentially ge closed, in this case holding tubes 2 * with circular cross-section ausgebil det and thus tight in the circumferential direction, and set in the direction V of the profile, i.e. in the profile direction, over the length of the Holding profile 1 already represents the heat transfer line 31.

These individual holding tubes 2 *, each open on both sides, could be connected fluidically in parallel at their respective ends 1a, 1b by, in particular, supply lines running transversely thereto, but should preferably be connected in series to form the longest possible heat carrier line 31, like the meander-shaped heat transfer line 31 according to FIG. 3c.

For this purpose, two - preferably immediately - adjacent ends at the same end, for example 1b of a holding tube 2 ^* , are tightly connected to one another by a respective pipe bend 33, which is preferably designed as a semicircle when viewed from above. For this purpose, a semicircular pipe bend 33, for example, has a straight sleeve extension 33a at its open ends, the outer circumference of which fits into the inner circumference of the end of a holding tube 2 ^{* of} a holding area 2 and is tight in it can be glued. The inner circumference of the sleeve extension 33 a is preferably aligned with the inner circumference of the pipe bend 33.

Instead of a sleeve extension that can be placed in the inner circumference of the holding tube 2 *, a sleeve extension would also be conceivable that can be attached to the outer circumference of the holding tube 2 *, but the problem here is that the outer circumference of the holding tube 2 * is not accessible over the entire circumference, since it is connected to the retaining legs 3a, b of the retaining profile 1, usually integrally connected, at one point on the circumference.

In contrast to the solution in FIG. 3c, the pipe bends 33 consist of a material that is as poorly thermally conductive as possible, i.e. thermally insulated as well as possible, because on this path outside the retaining profile 1, the heat transfer medium should generally exchange as little heat as possible with the environment .

The pipe bends 33 can be dimensionally stable, but should preferably be elastic enough that an inaccurate distance between the two neighboring holding pipes 2 *, by bending the pipe bend 33 or bending together can be compensated, for example at the transition from one to next holding profile 1 - as shown in Figure 3d in the middle at the left end 1a of the holding profiles 1 - may be the case.

The disadvantage of this solution are the many connection points between the Hal terohren 2 * and the pipe bends 33, which are each glued, for example.

The advantage, however, is that along the holding tubes 2 * there is an optimal transition between the heat transfer medium flowing therein and the Hal teprofil 1 by eliminating the heat transfer between inner Pipeline 31 and outer retaining legs 2a, b as in the solution according to FIG

Figure 3c.

Regardless of the type of construction of a heat transfer line 31 that extends over many holding areas, FIG. 3a also shows a different, second design of the holding profile 1 in that, on the one hand, a holding profile 1 not only has one holding area 2, but two holding areas 2 spaced apart from one another having.

The other peculiarity - both peculiarities can exist independently of one another - is that the contact legs 3a, 3b striving from the holding areas 2 pass through the area between the holding areas 2 and form a contact plate for the photovoltaic element 40, and this contact plate seen transversely to the profile direction 1 *, is formed at its ends on both sides so that it can be connected to the contact plate of an adjacent Hal teprofils 1 to form a liquid-tight roof surface.

One edge, preferably the upper edge in the installed state, is designed in such a way that it can be overlapped on the outside by the lower edge of the next holding profile 1 arranged above it, so that on the outer surface of the contact plate, i.e. the one facing away from the holding areas 2 Page, incident rainwater, for example, is diverted downwards from one retaining profile to the next, which provides a tight roof skin, especially if the transitions between the retaining profiles 1 are additionally sealed by sealing profiles made of rubber or by gluing.

In the present case, the upper edge of each retaining profile 1 has an S-shaped crank when viewed in cross section towards the side of the retaining areas 2, the offset of which is so large that the lower end of the contact plate above it can be inserted.

The size of the panels 20 can be matched to the size of the photovoltaic elements 40, so that both of them are already installed on the roof or the outer wall can be glued together at the factory, this simplifies the assembly, but restricts the flexibility with regard to the size of the photovoltaic elements 40 used.

In contrast, FIG. 3b shows a third design of retaining profiles 1.

The representation of FIG. 3b differs from that of FIG. 3a in that a channel is formed in the contact plate 3 between two fold areas 2 of a retaining profile 1, on the front side of the contact plate 3 opposite the fold areas 2 essentially constant wall thickness, the contact plate 3 has corre sponding offset.

The fold areas 2 are preferably arranged in the corner areas at the transition between tween the channel 5 and the rest of the contact plate 3 and both contacts.

The fact that these fold areas 2 are again designed as circumferentially closed retaining tubes 2 * is irrelevant for the presence of the channel 5; they could also be circumferentially open fold areas with fold legs 2a, b according to FIG. 1a.

Instead of a channel 5 open towards the front, this can be closed on the front and form a circumferentially closed box part of the profile, as shown on the lower complete retaining profile 1 of FIG. 3b. The front of the holding plate 3 is then preferably flat.

Preferably, the channel 5 or the profile box 5 * has a cross-sectional area which is several times the cross-sectional area of the holding area, in particular of the holding tube 2 *, at least twice, better at least 5 times. The channel 5 or the profile box 5 * can be used to lead air through which, like the liquid heat transfer medium passed through the heat transfer line 31, serves as a heat transfer medium and can be part of an air circuit, via which, respectively The heat transfer elements 40 heat can be supplied or removed.

When laying the retaining profiles 1, in particular along a wall of the building, with the profile direction V running from bottom to top, these channels 5 or profile boxes 5 * can also be open at the top and bottom and only flow through from bottom to top due to the chimney effect because of the the air-heating heat transfer elements 40 are used to cool the heat transfer elements 40, for example in summer when cooling by means of cool liquid heat transfer medium through the heat transfer lines 31 is not possible due to the lack of cool heat transfer medium and on the other hand the Waste heat generated by the photovoltaic elements 40 due to high ambient temperatures is also not required for heating the interior of the building or for domestic water.

If you want to prevent this heat dissipation via air, e.g. in winter, the lower or upper openings of the channels 5 or profile boxes 5 ‘can be closed.

Figures 2a, b, c show parts of the interior of a possible interior of the building, especially under the aspect of keeping the space requirement per resident low and thus also the amount of energy required per resident for heating and cooling the room air and the domestic water.

In this sense, a kitchen 150, a folding bed sofa 182 and a bathroom 160 are shown next to each other in FIG. 2a in a top view and in FIG. 2b in the front view from left to right, and in FIG. 2a an additional cabinet shelf 181 next to the folding bed sofa 182 With regard to the last-mentioned two pieces of furniture, preferably generally as variable as possible, for example foldable or multifunctional pieces of furniture when the bed is not in use, are used.

In addition to the usual shelf body, the cabinet shelf 181 has a table top 181a, which can be articulated around a horizontal axis on the body of the cabinet shelf 181 at table height and can be folded down for use as a table top and supported by an integrated support, while it is not in use the table top 181a this is folded up against the shelf body into the vertical position and thereby transforms the upper part of the shelf into a closed cabinet.

In a similar manner, the folding bed-sofa 182 is in the unneeded state, the base plate of the bed including the mattress is folded up into the vertical position, as shown in FIG the folding bed extends and in the obe ren area a shelf board can be pivotably attached to it.

When the bed is folded down to the horizontal for use - for which the bed is pivoted about a horizontal axis in relation to a receiving body in the lower area - the base plate of the bed extends over the sofa 182a and the pivotable part located above in the folded-up state - regardless of whether it is used as a shelf or not - due to gravity, it swivels away from the base plate and serves as a support for the bed.

In order to achieve a higher sofa 182a, this can also consist of several parts that can be changed automatically by pivoting the bed between a use position and a stowage position under the folded-down bed.

In the right-hand area, the very space-saving bathroom 160 is shown, which comprises a wet cell 161 with a shower 165. In this case, the bathroom 160 is set up and designed as a corner bathroom in a corner of the room, but this is not essential to the invention:

The wet room 161 has a rear wall 161a, which runs along a wall of the room, and on which the sanitary parts are mounted that require fresh water and waste water, so here next to each other a sink 164 and a toilet 163, the latter in the corner area between this rear wall 161a and the other wall at an angle thereto, which rests against the other wall of the building, is positioned.

These two rear walls, which are at an angle to one another, are closed by two front walls 161b to form an enclosed wet room when viewed from above, in which case the front wall 161b is bent approximately in the shape of a quarter circle and, of course, must have a door to enter the wet cell, which is only indicated .

A ceiling shower 165A is provided as the shower, consisting of a large-area water outlet with many outlet openings in the ceiling of the wet cell, in front of the washbasin 164 and / or the toilet 163, but without a shower partition from these.

Constant wetting of these two sanitary parts is largely avoided in that the water exits from the deck shower 165a with very little pressure and is therefore only slightly splashed into the surroundings when it hits the user.

In addition, a Fland shower 165b can be present on the front wall, in this case in the area between the ceiling shower 165a and the washbasin 164, that is to say a shower head attached to a flexible hose that can be guided by Fland. Outside this wet room 161, in this case from the rear wall 161a with the sanitary connections in front of the shower 165, a wet vestibule is provided, for example for dressing and undressing, which is separated from the rest of the living room by a vestibule wall which in this case consists of two parts:

On the one hand, from a fixed anteroom wall 162a, which runs next to the wet room 161 and just outside its front wall 161b perpendicular to the rear wall 161a from the wall of the building to the front, at least to the front end of the wet room 161.

The space between this front end of the fixed anteroom wall 162a and the adjacent outer wall can be closed by means of a movable anteroom wall 162b, which can be a pivoting door, but preferably a sliding door, in particular one that, when viewed from above, is flexible, for example flexible, for example, a sliding door consisting of slats.

In the open state, this can be pushed next to the fixed anteroom wall 162a between this and the wet room 161 and, in the closed state, along a rail on the ceiling, for example, is pulled out to the side wall, and viewed from above between this and the free end the fixed vestibule wall 162a forms a quarter-circle arc, for example.

In the left area of the picture, the kitchen 150 is shown, which essentially consists of a rotatable roundabout 151, which extends from the floor to almost the ceiling of the room, and is ^{pivoted about a vertical axis of rotation 151 *} , preferably even by a full turn or more can be rotated.

The roundabout 151 can be separated from the surroundings when viewed from above, in that it has a fixed rear wall 153 on one side, which in this case is an approximately semicircular and concentric to the axis of rotation 151 ^* curved rear wall when viewed from above, as well as a curved sliding door 152, which in the open state runs parallel to the curved rear wall 153 and In the closed state, it can be rotated about the axis of rotation 151 * or moved along a corresponding guide rail so that it closes the open side of the curved rear wall 153 and the washer 151 is arranged inside.

The roundabout comprises a lower part in which base cabinets 151a are accommodated and which is closed at the top by a worktop 154 which, when viewed from above, has a round outer contour, as well as an upper part 151b, which - preferably circumferentially - has at least one shelf 156 and preferably also an extractor hood 159.

In the lower part 151a, on the one hand, a sink 154b and, on the other hand, a hob 154a are embedded in the worktop 154.

Between the lower cabinets below there is usually a refrigerator 157a, ... an oven 158 ... and a dishwasher 157b, which are accessible from the circumference of the roundabout, which is why the user - when cooking in front of the open side of the The rear wall 153 is up - the rondel rotates so that it can reach the corresponding modules.

In between there are drawers 155 along the circumference, preferably several one above the other in the form of a drawer cabinet, these being radially extendable, and corresponding quarter-circle shelves in the quarter circles between the individual mostly rectangular modules.

The axis of rotation 151 * is preferably designed as a hollow central column 151c through which, for example, air lines run vertically from the suction hood 159, which are led away upwards or power lines lead there, which are led up from the base cabinet. To lead away the air lines, the roundabout is closed at the top by a Hohl len cover that extends to the ceiling and in which the Luftlei lines can run, and in the bottom, for example, guides for the curved sliding door 152 can be present.

Likewise, the lower part stands on a base plate, which contains analogue guides, which is firmly mounted on the floor of the room and opposite which the roundabout

151 turns.

So that the draft hood 159 is always in the correct rotational position with respect to the hob 154a, i.e. in particular exactly above it, the extractor hood 159 and the part of the upper part 151b in which it is installed are firmly connected to the lower part 151a, and likewise the part of the center pillar 151c extending therebetween.

Aside, in particular above the extractor hood 159, ring-shaped shelves 156 can be arranged on several floors, in which cooking ingredients and dishes can be accommodated, and which are preferably each individually rotatable part-roundel opposite the one around the axis of rotation 151 ', in particular around the central column 151c can be rotated around without the lower part 151a of the rondel rotating at the same time.

In this way, one or two people can cook while standing in front of the open rondel in the kitchen 151, while the required movement area is available after cooking has ended and the sliding door is closed

152 is available for other residential purposes. REFERENCE LIST

1 retaining profile

1 profile direction

1a, b end of 2 stopping area

2a, b holding leg 2 holding tube

3 contact plate

3a, b contact leg

4 recess

5 gutter 5 * profile box

Holding panel

21 cross brace

30 heat element

31 Heat transfer line, hose, pipe

32 temperature conductive adhesive

33 elbow

33a sleeve extension

40 photovoltaic element

40a, b glass plate

40c photovoltaic layer

40d electrical connection

40.1, 40.2 Photovoltaic field, partial photovoltaic area,

Silicon cell

50 energy bowl

51 Seal, sealing profile

70 wall plate 71 core layer, core plate

72a, b outer layer, outer plate, magnesium oxide plate 73a, b insulating layer, insulating plate

90 envelope element, wall element

100 buildings

100 a roof 100b building corpus 100 * control

101 Support element, roof batten, spacer batten 102 Rafters

103 wall posts

104 (extendable) roof posts,

105 ceiling plate

106 base plate

107 parapet 107a parapet bed

108 gutter, rain gutter

109 Underlay film, planking

110 electrical storage, battery 111 rectifier 112 heat pump

113 Electricity consumer 113a Electricity tap outside

114 DC network

115 AC mains

120 thermal storage tanks, hot water storage tanks

121 Heat transfer pump

122a, b heat transfer medium circuit

123 heat consumers 123a

124 Geothermal cycle

140 domestic water storage tanks, rainwater storage tanks

141 cold water storage tank

150 kitchen

151 rotatable rondell 151 'axis of rotation 151a lower cabinet lower part 151b upper part 151c center column

152 curved sliding door

153 curved back wall

154 worktop 154a hob 154b sink

155 drawer

156 shelf compartment 157a refrigerator 157b dishwasher

158 oven

159 extractor hood

160 Bathroom 161 Wet room 161a Back wall 161b Door, front wall 162 Wet anteroom

162a, b anteroom wall, wall

163 toilet

164 wash basins 165 shower

165a ceiling shower

165b hand shower

170 windows

171 roller blind

171A Roller blind storage element, winding roll

171a external roller blind

171b interior roller blind

180 multifunctional furniture

181 cabinet shelf

181a table top

182 folding bed sofa

182a sofa

182b bed

200 electric vehicles, e-mobiles

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Holding profile (1) for holding a particularly elongated object, wherein - The retaining profile (1) consists of a thermally highly conductive material, in particular made of metal, - The cross-section of the holding profile in the central area has at least one holding area (2) for receiving the elongated object, characterized in that - From the holding area (2) on both sides a respective contact leg (3a, b) protrudes, whose contact sides facing away from the recess (4) of the holding area (2) are aligned with one another. 2. retaining profile according to claim 1, characterized in that - either the holding area (2) has an undercut recess (4) with a C-shaped cross section into which the object to be picked up fits positively, - The recess of two holding flanks (2a, b) of the holding area (2) is delimited, the free-ending holding legs of which are in particular designed elastically - or the holding area (2) has a holding tube which is closed all round in cross section and into which the object to be picked up fits positively, - In particular on the opposite side with respect to the holding leg or the holding tube of the contact plate formed by the interconnected contact legs (3a, b) away from the holding area, in particular between two holding areas, a channel is ausgebil det, the cross section of which in particular at least twice as large, better at least five times as large, better at least ten times as large as the cross section between the holding flanks or in the holding tube. 3. Holding profile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - The holding area (2) has two recesses (4) spaced apart from one another and / or - Away from the holding area (2), in particular between two mutually spaced recesses (4), the holding profile is formed on the side of the contact plate formed by the contact legs (3a, b) opposite from the holding area (2), whose Cross section is in particular at least twice as large, better at least five times as large, better at least ten times as large as the cross section of the recess (4) in particular of the holding tube. (Holding panel :) 4. retaining panel (20), characterized in that several retaining profiles (1), in particular according to one of the preceding Ansprü surface, running parallel and at a distance from one another by cross struts to the retaining panel (20) or are integrally formed as a retaining panel (20) are. 5. retaining panel according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - The retaining profiles (1) within a retaining panel (20) are each arranged with the same free distance from one another, - In particular, the respective outer retaining profiles (1) to the edge of the Haltepa neels (20) are arranged with such an edge distance that when two retaining panels (20) contact each other, their adjacent outer retaining profiles (1) have the same free Take a distance to each other like the retaining profiles within a Hal tepaneels. (Heat element :) 6. heat element (30), characterized in that - At least one retaining profile (1), in particular at least one retaining panel (20), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, preferably several mutually aligned of these, are traversed by one, in particular only one, heat transfer line (31), which shape firmly held in the recesses (4) of the holding area in contact between the holding flanks (2a, b, - only in the profile direction (1 ') at the ends of the holding area the heat transfer line (31) is guided from the end of the holding area to the adjacent end of the, in particular the next, parallel holding area and the entire heating element ( 30), in particular several adjacent heating elements (30), meander-shaped runs through with in particular only one inlet opening and only one outlet opening. 7. Heat element, in particular according to one of the preceding Ansprü surface, characterized in that the heat transfer line (31) is a hose (31), but preferably a flexible tube (31) made of a thermally highly conductive material, in particular made of metal , is. 8. heat element, in particular according to one of the preceding claims 1 - 6, characterized in that with at least one retaining profile (1), in particular at least one Haltepa neel (20), in particular according to one of the preceding claims, preferably several mutually aligned thereof, the ends of two adjacent retaining tubes are tightly connected to each other by a pipe bend and thereby a Meander-shaped heat transfer line (31) with in particular only one inlet opening and only one outlet opening is created. (Energy bowl :) 9. Energy shell (50), characterized by - A plate-shaped photovoltaic element (40) with a front side to be irradiated with light, - on the back of which a heating element (30), in particular according to one of the preceding claims 5 to 8, is attached in a contacting manner with the contact surface of its Hal teprofile (1), in particular by means of a thermally highly conductive adhesive (32), - wherein the photovoltaic element (40) consists in particular of two transparent glass plates (40a, b) glued together, between which the photovoltaic layer is enclosed. 10. energy shell, claim 9, characterized in that - The photovoltaic element (40) has a light transmission of a maximum of 40% percent, in particular a maximum of 25%, in particular a maximum of 15% percent, - The light permeability is provided by the distance between the individual, arranged in egg nem two-dimensional grid, photovoltaic fields on the plate-shaped photovoltaic element (40), which can be specified in particular in the manufacture of the photovoltaic elements (40). 11. Energy shell according to claim 10, characterized in that - the thermal element (30) of the energy shell (50) extends over a large number of plate-shaped photovoltaic elements (40) that are flush with one another in one or two dimensions, - wherein in particular rectangular and triangular photovoltaic elements (40) adjoin one another. 12. Energy shell according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that - the energy shell (50) is inherently stable, - especially with linear (defining) support at a distance of no more than 80 cm, better not more than 1 m, with a horizontal or inclined arrangement not only can bear its own weight, but also a surface load of up to 400 kilograms. (Filling element as an element for the outer shell of a building :) 13. Shell element (90) for use as part of the outer shell of a building (100), characterized in that - The filling element (90) as a roof element essentially consists only of an energy shell (50), in particular according to one of the preceding claims 10-12, which are on linearly extending, zueinan the disproportionate support elements such as rafters or battens lies, and / or - The filling element (90) comprises a wall panel (70) as a wall element in addition to the energy shell (50), the energy shell (50) being fastened at a distance in front of the outer surface of the wall panel (70). 14. envelope element according to claim 13, characterized in that when using the envelope element (90) as a wall element, the photovoltaic element (40), in particular the photovoltaic layer when viewed from the outside ßen has a light color, in particular is white. 15. Filling element according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the wall plate (70) on the outside facing the energy shell (50) has the lightest possible color in an area with high outside temperatures and the darkest possible color in an area has low outside temperatures. 16. filling element according to any one of claims 13-15, characterized in that the wall plate (70) is composed of several layers, wherein - At least one of the outer layers, in particular both outer layers, is and / or is a solid panel made of a wood material, in particular a plywood panel - At least one of the outer layers is a magnesium oxide plate or additionally comprises on the outside of the outer layer which consists of more than 80% by weight, better still more than 90% by weight, of magnesium oxide, and / or - At least one layer made of a thermally insulating and / or switch-insulating material is arranged between the outer layers, - In particular, a thermal storage plate with a high (defined) storage capacity is arranged between the outer layers and preferably at a distance from both, the heat release of which is preferably delayed so that at least 3 h, better 5 h, between the end of the heating and the maximum heat release h lie. 17. Envelope element according to one of claims 13-16, characterized in that - The magnesium oxide plate consists of pressed and / or glued Magnesi umoxid powder, and / or - The magnesium oxide plate contains stabilizing fibers or possibly even several stabilizing fabrics, in particular made of glass fibers. 18. Building (100), characterized in that - The outer shell of the building (100) consists of the shell elements (90), in particular special roof elements and / or the wall elements according to one of the preceding claims 13 to 17, - in particular only from these roof elements and wall elements be available. 19. Building according to claim 18, characterized in that in the individual rooms of the building (100) on the ceiling and / or on the floor heating elements (30), in particular according to one of claims 5 to 8, are arranged for heating or cooling of the respective room by means of flowing through the heat transfer line (31) with with respect to the outside temperature warmer or colder heat transfer medium. 20 Building according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the roof of the building (100) can be raised and lowered in a controlled manner. 21. Building according to one of claims 18-20, characterized in that the roof of the building (100) is a hipped roof. 22. Building according to one of claims 18-21, characterized in that the building comprises (100) - An electrical power storage device, i.e. a rechargeable battery, for storing the power generated by the photovoltaic elements (40), - A thermal store, i.e. a storage tank, for receiving the heat transfer medium and the thermal energy stored therein, in particular designed as a layered store, - The storage tank is connected to the connections of the heat transfer lines (31). 23. Building according to one of claims 18-22, characterized in that the building comprises (100) - A power tap on the outside of the house or outside the house for refueling the battery of an electric vehicle with electrical current, and / or - An electrically operated heat pump for extracting heat from a supplied heat transfer medium, and / or - An electrically operated hob, in particular a stove and / or an oven, and / or - an electrically operated lighting system, and / or - an electrically operated garden grill, and / or - an electrically operated washing machine, in particular with a hot water inlet, and / or - an electrically operated dishwasher, in particular with a hot water connection, - In particular, the hot water connections of the washing machine and / or dishwasher and / or the service water in the bathroom or kitchen are connected to a heat exchanger arranged in the storage tank. 24. Building according to one of claims 18-23, characterized in that - The building (100) comprises at least one hot water storage tank as a thermal storage tank, i.e. for warmer water, - In addition, preferably a cold water storage tank for, in contrast, colder water, the temperature of which is preferably below the temperature of the ambient air, preferably also at night, - where hot water storage and / or cold water storage are preferably integrated in a closed water circuit, - In addition, preferably a domestic water tank. 25. Building according to one of claims 18-24, characterized in that Water storage tanks are used to stabilize the building (100) by - Either at least one of them next to or under the building (100) is at least partially introduced into the ground and in particular thermally insulated from the ground and / or the environment, and the building (100) is firmly connected to the at least one water tank , and or - At least one of them, in particular the domestic water tank, is integrated in the surrounding parapet of the attic. 26. Building according to one of claims 18-25, characterized in that - Parapet beds are arranged on the parapet, integrated into the parapet or on the outside of the parapet for growing plants such as herbs and / or vegetables and / or berries, - which are connected in particular to the domestic hot water tank and can be watered in an automatically controlled manner. 27. Building according to one of claims 18 to 26, characterized in that - The building (100) comprises a drinking water reservoir, which is fed in particular from the gutters and / or an ambient air condensation system and, in particular, a filter unit is upstream of the drinking water reservoir, - In particular, the ambient air condensation system is an air conditioning system with a compressor and condensation water collecting device or is an air-to-air heat pump with a condensation water collecting device. 28. Building according to one of claims 18-27, characterized in that the building (100) has a building-internal power network based on direct current, in particular between 10 V and 50 V operating voltage, which at least the lighting and / or the existing Sensors and / or the existing energy control of the building and / or the computer units and / o which supply the screens with power, preferably all electrical consumers except for the electrically operated stove and / or the electrically operated oven Dishwasher and / or the electrically operated washing machine. 29. Building according to one of claims 18-28, characterized in that the individual roof elements, in particular the entire roof, is covered on the underside by a waterproof under-tensioning film, the lower edge of which is preferably over the gutter over its entire length. 30. Building according to one of claims 18-29, characterized in that - The windows are in particular windows reaching down to the floor, in particular floor-to-ceiling windows, and comprise at least one vertical movable roller blind, preferably an inner roller blind and / or an outer roller blind, - if there are two roller blinds, one is translucent but opaque, the other is opaque, - Preferably the roller blind has a roller blind storage element on the lower edge of the window and the free edge of the roller blind can be moved upwards and positioned from there. 31. Building according to one of claims 18-30, characterized in that the photovoltaic elements have a friction-reducing nano-coating on the outside and are therefore self-cleaning. 32. Building according to one of claims 18-31, characterized in that the energy requirement of the building (100) is minimized by the low space requirement of the residents, and this is achieved by - multifunctional furniture, which can in particular be moved between an activated position and a deactivated, space-saving position and / or, depending on the position, can serve different functional purposes, - In particular a rotatable roundabout, in particular in individual Eta conditions, trained, in particular angeord designated in a corner of a room and / or extendable away from the wall, round kitchen, in which the floor with stove and / or oven and / or Fridge is rotatable, and / or - In particular a non-rotatable, in particular round bathroom, which is arranged in a corner of a room and which contains a wet cell, in particular a shower cell. 33. A method for the energy-related operation of a building (100) according to one of the preceding claims 18 to 32, wherein - The electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements (40) is used to operate the electrical household appliances and the circulation pumps for the heat transfer medium in the heat transfer lines (31), the heat pump and, if necessary, to supply the electricity filling station, possibly with intermediate storage in the battery, - The thermal energy collected by the heating elements (30) is used to operate the room heating and the supply of hot water consumers, optionally with intermediate storage in the thermal store, characterized in that - Both the electrical energy and the thermal energy are generated on the same surface of the energy shell (50) arranged one above the other from photovoltaic elements (40) and heat elements (30), - In particular in that the heating of the photovoltaic elements (40) which occurs when generating electricity is removed by means of the heat ele ments (30) and the photovoltaic elements (40) are thereby cooled. 34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that snow-covered photovoltaic elements (40) are dismantled in that heat transfer medium with a temperature above 0 ° C is passed through the heating elements (30). 35. The method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized in that a heat pump operated by the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements (40) cooled the heat transfer medium and it - Used by means of implementation in the interior of the building (100) for cooling the In nenluft, and / or - Used to condense out the moisture contained in the warm ambient air to obtain drinking water and / or industrial water. 36. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 35, characterized in that - A heat pump operated by the electricity generated by the photovoltaic elements (40) extracts heat from the groundwater and thus heats the heat transfer medium and charges the thermal storage device or the building directly by means of flow conduction through the heat transfer lines inside the building (100) (100) heated. 37. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 36, characterized in that - The heat transfer lines (31) are divided into sub-circuits, in particular special according to the individual roof surfaces and wall surfaces on the outside of the building (100) and / or the individual rooms inside the building (100) and - the energy-related control of the building (100) the individual parts according to the need for different energy levels in the individual sub-circuits and in the thermal storage, - Particularly in the case of snow-covered roof surfaces, the heat carrier circuit under the roof surface that is first illuminated during the day is connected directly to the heat carrier circuit of the next roof surface that is illuminated during the day or all other roof surfaces. 38. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 37, characterized in that - warm heat transfer medium is pumped through the heat transfer circuit under the roof surfaces at night to cool down to achieve a cooled heat transfer medium, - The cooled heat transfer medium is used to cool the building (100) the next day. 39. The method according to any one of claims 33 to 38, characterized in that electrical power is generated by means of a wind rotor driven by moving air and coupled to a generator, - which is arranged on the roof for driving by means of outside air, and / or - the angeord net above the distance between the energy shell and the outer wall is used for driving by air which rises therein and is heated by the energy shell.