WO2021126993A1

WO2021126993A1 - Wireless textile-based sensor system and method for self-powered personalized health care

Info

Publication number: WO2021126993A1
Application number: PCT/US2020/065332
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jun Chen; Jin Yang; Keyu MENG
Original assignee: The Regents Of The University Of California
Priority date: 2019-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-16
Publication date: 2021-06-24

Abstract

Example implementations include a cardiovascular sensor device with a textile substrate including a conductive coating disposed thereon, a sensor core including a nonconductive core fiber affixed to the textile substrate and a first plurality of conductive fibers affixed to the nonconductive core fiber, and a plurality of sensor panels, each sensor panel among the plurality including a second plurality conductive fibers affixed to the textile substrate and the nonconductive core fiber. Example implementations also include a method of sensing a cardiovascular response by contacting at least one conductive fiber of a sensor panel to a biological surface, deforming the conductive fiber separated from a sensor substrate toward the sensor substrate, and contacting the conductive fiber with the sensor substrate.

Description

WIRELESS TEXTILE-BASED SENSOR SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SELF-POWERED PERSONALIZED HEALTH CARE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/949,017, entitled “WIRELESS TEXTILE-BASED SENSOR SYSTEM FOR SELF-POWERED PERSONALIZED HEALTH CARE,” filed December 17, 2019, the contents of all such applications being hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety and for all purposes as if completely and fully set forth herein.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present implementations relate generally to biometric sensors, and more particularly to a wireless textile-based sensor system and self-powered personalized health care.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Biological and health information is increasingly important to caregiving, medical treatments, and preventative care. Biometric devices and systems are increasingly deployed in long-term usage scenarios and in uncontrolled environments reflecting daily life for a patient, user, wearer, or the like of such devices. Biometric monitoring of cardiac events over the long term, including during sleep, can warn of and prevent illness and death in various circumstances. However, conventional systems may not effectively provide comfortable and self-powered active cardiac monitoring in sufficiently broad patient conditions or environmental conditions. Thus, a technological solution for a wireless textile-based sensor system and self-powered personalized health care is desired.

SUMMARY

[0004] Example implementations include a cardiovascular sensor device with a textile substrate including a conductive coating disposed thereon, a sensor core including a nonconductive core fiber affixed to the textile substrate and a first plurality of conductive fibers affixed to the nonconductive core fiber, and a plurality of sensor panels, each sensor panel among the plurality including a second plurality conductive fibers affixed to the textile substrate and the nonconductive core fiber. Example implementations further include a cardiovascular sensor device where each conductive fiber of the first plurality of conductive fibers and the second plurality of conductive fibers comprises a metallic wire and a nonconductive sensor fiber. Example implementations further include an analog signal processor operatively coupled to the textile substrate and configured to receive a voltage response from the textile substrate and generate a corrected voltage response. Example implementations further include a cardiovascular sensor device where a displacement of at least one of the sensor panels with respect to the textile substrate causes the voltage response.

[0005] Example implementations also include a method of sensing a cardiovascular response by contacting at least one conductive fiber of a sensor panel to a biological surface, deforming the conductive fiber separated from a sensor substrate toward the sensor substrate, and contacting the conductive fiber with the sensor substrate. Example implementations further include a method of sensing a cardiovascular response by deforming the contacted conductive fiber toward the sensor substrate, moving the contacted conductive fiber away from the sensor substrate, and separating the contacted conductive fiber from the sensor substrate. Example implementations further include a method of sensing a cardiovascular response by receiving a voltage response from the sensor substrate.

[0006] Example implementations also include a method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device by coating a textile substrate in a conductive solution, winding a textile fiber around a conductive wire to form a plurality of hybrid fibers, forming a textile core on the textile substrate, affixing the hybrid fibers within the textile core, and affixing a plurality of hybrid fibers to the textile core and the textile substrate to form a sensor panel. Example implementations further include a method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device by sewing a plurality of lateral conductive fibers substantially parallel to each other. Example implementations further include a method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device by sewing a plurality of longitudinal conductive fibers arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the plurality of lateral conductive fibers. Example implementations further include a method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device by sewing the plurality of hybrid fibers arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the sensor core.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] These and other aspects and features of the present implementations will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific implementations in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein: [0008] Fig. 1 illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations.

[0009] Fig. 2A illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a first operating state, in accordance with present implementations.

[0010] Fig. 2B illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a second operating state, in accordance with present implementations.

[0011] Fig. 2C illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a third operating state, in accordance with present implementations.

[0012] Fig. 2D illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a fourth operating state, in accordance with present implementations.

[0013] Fig. 3 illustrates an example electronic cardiovascular sensor system, in accordance with present implementations.

[0014] Fig. 4 illustrates an example regular response voltage timing diagram associated with an example cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations.

[0015] Fig. 5 illustrates an example irregular response voltage timing diagram associated with an example cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations.

[0016] Fig. 6A illustrates a first example method of mechanically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations.

[0017] Fig. 6B illustrates an example method of mechanically sensing a cardiovascular response further to the first example method of Fig. 6A.

[0018] Fig. 6C illustrates a second example method of mechanically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations.

[0019] Fig. 7A illustrates a first example method of electrically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations.

[0020] Fig. 7B illustrates a second example method of electrically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations.

[0021] Fig. 8A illustrates a first example method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations.

[0022] Fig. 8B illustrates an example method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device further to the first example method of Fig. 8 A.

[0023] Fig. 8C illustrates a second example method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present implementations will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, which are provided as illustrative examples of the implementations so as to enable those skilled in the art to practice the implementations and alternatives apparent to those skilled in the art. Notably, the figures and examples below are not meant to limit the scope of the present implementations to a single implementation, but other implementations are possible by way of interchange of some or all of the described or illustrated elements. Moreover, where certain elements of the present implementations can be partially or fully implemented using known components, only those portions of such known components that are necessary for an understanding of the present implementations will be described, and detailed descriptions of other portions of such known components will be omitted so as not to obscure the present implementations. Implementations described as being implemented in software should not be limited thereto, but can include implementations implemented in hardware, or combinations of software and hardware, and vice-versa, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified herein. In the present specification, an implementation showing a singular component should not be considered limiting; rather, the present disclosure is intended to encompass other implementations including a plurality of the same component, and vice-versa, unless explicitly stated otherwise herein. Moreover, applicants do not intend for any term in the specification or claims to be ascribed an uncommon or special meaning unless explicitly set forth as such. Further, the present implementations encompass present and future known equivalents to the known components referred to herein by way of illustration.

[0025] Fig. 1 illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 1, an example cardiovascular sensor device 100 includes a textile substrate 110, a sensor core 120, one or more sensor panels 130, and one or more hybrid fibers 140 within one or more of the sensor core 120 and one or more of the sensor panels 130.

[0026] The textile substrate 110 is or includes at least one woven fabric with at least one metal, metallic substance, conductive substance, or the like, disposed thereon. In some implementations, the textile substrate 110 is or includes a patch of fabric affixable or attachable to clothing, bands, or the like. In some implementations, the textile substrate 110 has at least one width, length, or like dimension between 2 cm and 10 cm. In some implementations, the textile fabric 110 includes a silver chloride or like coating thereon. In some implementations, the coating is disposed surrounding each thread. Thus, In some implementations, the coating forms a layer at least partially surrounding fibers of the textile substrate. In some implementations, the textile substrate 110 is or includes polyester, cotton, silk, nylon, or the like. It is to be understood that the textile substrate 110 can include fibers of any material having tactile, mechanical, or electrical properties corresponding to at least one corresponding property of at least polyester, cotton, silk, nylon, and the like.

[0027] The sensor core 120 is or includes at least one textile fiber affixed to the textile substrate 110. In some implementations, the sensor core 120 is or includes at least one nylon fiber, cord, or the like affixed to the textile substrate 110. In some implementations, the sensor core 120 is affixed to the textile substrate 110 by sewing, weaving, or the like. In some implementations, the sensor core 120 is of a shape including a circle, ellipse, polygon, or the like. In some implementations, the sensor core 120 is disposed substantially at a center of the textile substrate 110 on a planar surface of the textile substrate 110. In some implementations, the sensor core has a height of 0.7 mm in a direction perpendicular to a planar surface of the textile substrate 110, creating a predetermined air gap between the textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. In some implementations, the sensor core 120 has a height between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. [0028] The sensor panels 130 are disposed on a planar surface of the textile substrate 110 and at least partially surrounding the sensor core 120. In some implementations, the number of the sensor panels 130 on the textile substrate 110 can vary. As one example, the number of sensor panels 130 can range between five and seven sensor panels 130 disposed around the sensor core 120. In some implementations, each sensor panel 130 is disposed adjacent to at least one neighboring sensor panel. In some implementations, a collective, aggregate, or like electrical response of the sensor panels 130 varies based on the number of sensor panels 130 disposed on the textile substrate 110. As one example, a textile substrate 110 having five sensor panels 130 disposed thereon can have an open circuit voltage VOC between 6 V and 8 V, under a constant pressure of 1.75 kPa applied at 1 Hz to a planar surface of at least one of textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. As another example, a textile substrate 110 having six sensor panels 130 disposed thereon can have an open circuit voltage VOC between 7 V and 9 V, under a constant pressure of 1.75 kPa applied at 1 Hz to a planar surface of at least one of textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. As another example, a textile substrate 110 having seven sensor panels 130 disposed thereon can have an open circuit voltage VOC between 5 V and 7 V, under a constant pressure of 1.75 kPa applied at 1 Hz to a planar surface of at least one of textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. In some implementations, the sensor panels 130 each include one or more of the hybrid fibers 140. Thus, in some implementations, a six-panel configuration is best, to maximize open circuit voltage response. [0029] In some implementations, each sensor panel 130 includes a boundary fiber forming an outer edge of that sensor panel. In some implementations, the boundary fiber is affixed to the textile substrate by sewing, weaving, or the like, corresponding to the affixation of the sensor core 120. Alternatively, each of the sensor panels 130 includes a boundary formed only by the sensor core at a central edge of each sensor panel 130 adjacent to the sensor core 120, and an outer edge of each of the sensor panels formed by one or more points of affixation of the hybrid fibers with the textile substrate. In some implementations, the sensor panels 130 each include one or more of the hybrid fibers 140.

[0030] The hybrid fibers 140 include at least one metal wire and at least one textile fiber. In some implementations, the hybrid fibers 140 each are or include one metal wire surrounded by one or more textile fibers. In some implementations, textile fiber surrounding the metal wire of each of the hybrid fibers is or includes polyester, cotton, silk, nylon, or the like. It is to be understood that the textile fiber can include fibers of any material having tactile, mechanical, or electrical properties corresponding to at least one corresponding property of at least polyester, cotton, silk, nylon, and the like. In some implementations, the one or more textile fibers are disposed around the metal wire by winding, twisting, or the like. In some implementations, the one or more textile fibers are disposed around the metal wire in one or more helical arrangements, structures, configurations, or the like.

[0031] In some implementations, a collective, aggregate, or like electrical response of the sensor panels 130 varies based on the number of textile fibers disposed around the metal wire of each of the hybrid fibers 140. As one example, hybrid fibers 140 each having one textile fiber disposed around each metal wire can have an open circuit voltage VOC between 7 V and 9 V, under a constant pressure of 1.75 kPa applied at 1 Hz to a planar surface of at least one of textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. As another example, hybrid fibers 140 each having two textile fibers disposed around each metal wire can have an open circuit voltage VOC between 6 V and 8 V, under a constant pressure of 1.75 kPa applied at 1 Hz to a planar surface of at least one of textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. As one example, hybrid fibers 140 each having three textile fibers disposed around each metal wire can have an open circuit voltage VOC between 3 V and 6 V, under a constant pressure of 1.75 kPa applied at 1 Hz to a planar surface of at least one of textile substrate 110 and the sensor panels 130. Thus, in some implementations, a single-fiber or one-ply configuration is best, to maximize open circuit voltage response. In some implementations, hybrid fibers 140 of each sensor panel 130 are arranged with one end affixed to the sensor core 120 and an opposite end affixed to the textile substrate 100.

[0032] In some implementations, the hybrid fibers 140 are of varying lengths, with fibers of a minimum predetermined length at the edges of each panel, fibers of a predetermined maximum length at the center axis of each sensor panel 130, and fibers of varying lengths increasing toward the center axis of each sensor panel 130 from the edge of each sensor panel 130. Thus, in some implementations, each sensor panel 130 has a rounded, curved, or like shape at a distal end from the sensor core. In some implementations, each sensor panel 130 thus takes on a “petal” shape resembling a flower. In some implementations, the “petal” shape advantageously increases maximum amplitude of voltage response when compared with alternate configurations having hybrid fibers 140 of equal length forming a straight distal edge of each sensor panel.

[0033] Figs. 2A-D illustrate a cross-sectional view of an example cardiovascular sensor device 200A-D, perpendicular to a length direction of the hybrid fiber 140. In some implementations, one or more of the conductive wire core 210A-D, nonconductive fibers 220 A-D, 222 A-D and 224A-D, and a sensor substrate 230A-D, are operable to hold the first triboelectric charge in the absence of electrical devices, electronic devices, battery devices, electrical storage, inductive storage capacitive storage, or the like. In some implementations, the conductive wire core 210A-D corresponds to the metal wire of the hybrid fiber 140. In some implementations, the nonconductive fibers 220A, 222A and 224A correspond to the textile fibers of the hybrid fiber 140. It is to be understood that the example cardiovascular sensor device 200A-D can include more or fewer nonconductive fibers in accordance with present implementations. [0034] The biological substrate 240A-D living tissue, biological matter, or the like. In some implementations, biological substrate 240A-D is or includes a human or mammalian dermis, epidermis and the like including one or more blood vessels, capillaries, arteries, veins, and the like. In some implementations, biological substrate 240A-D is capable of expanding and contracting in a directional orthogonal to a plane of contact between the biological substrate 240A-D and the sensor substrate 230A-D. In some implementations, the biological substrate 240A-D is capable of expanding and contracting in response to increasing and decreasing blood pressure. In some implementations, the biological substrate 240A-D is capable of expanding and contracting periodically, rhythmically, or the like, in response to a heartbeat, a blood circulatory action, and the like by a natural cardiovascular system of a biological organism, person, mammal, or the like having the biological substrate 240A-D. Alternatively, in some implementations, the biological substrate 240A-D is capable of expanding and contracting periodically, rhythmically, or the like, in response to a pumping, a blood circulatory action, and the like by an artificial cardiovascular device or system coupled to, embedded within, or the like, a biological organism, person, mammal, or the like having the biological substrate 240A-D. In some implementations, the plane of contact between the biological substrate 240A-D and the sensor substrate 230A-D is or includes the biological surface 242.

[0035] The biological surface 242 is or includes a surface of living tissue, biological matter, or the like. In some implementations, the biological surface 242 includes partially or fully exposed skin or the like of a human, animal, plant, or the like. In some implementations, a biological surface is a wrist, a hand, a palm, a forehead, a temple of a head, an arm, a leg, a foot, a back, an abdomen, a finger, fingertip, or the like. In some implementations, biological surfaces can include on-body skin sites at any location thereon, and are not limited to biological surfaces enumerated above.

[0036] Fig. 2A illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a first operating state, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 2A, an example cardiovascular sensor device 200A in a first operating state includes one hybrid fiber 140 among the plurality within the sensor core and the sensor panels, a sensor substrate 230A having a first triboelectric charge, a first voltage response 232A, and a first current response 234A. The example cardiovascular sensor device 200B further includes a biological substrate 240A having a first displacement characteristic and a biological surface 242. The hybrid fiber 140 includes a conductive wire core 210A having a first triboelectric charge, and one or more nonconductive fibers 220A, 222A and 224A each having a respective first triboelectric charge. [0037] The conductive wire core 210A has a first triboelectric core charge. In some implementations, the first triboelectric core charge is a positive voltage having a first core voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the conductive wire core 210A obtains the first triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220A, 222A and 224A, and transfers electrons to the nonconductive fibers 220A, 222A and 224A. The nonconductive fibers 220A, 222A and 224A have a first triboelectric fiber charge. In some implementations, the first triboelectric fiber charge is a negative voltage having a first fiber voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the first triboelectric fiber charge has a first magnitude corresponding, proportional, or the like, to the first core voltage magnitude. [0038] The sensor substrate 230A is disposed out of contact with the nonconductive fibers 220A, 222A and 224A of the hybrid fiber 140, and has a first triboelectric substrate charge. In some implementations, the first triboelectric substrate charge is a ground, neutral, reference, or like voltage having a first substrate voltage magnitude equal or substantially equal to zero. In some implementations, the first triboelectric substrate charge corresponds to an environmental triboelectric charge corresponding to an aggregate, average, or like charge of the ambient environment, user, user clothing, or the like proximate to or in contact with the sensor substrate 230 A. The first voltage response 232 A is an open circuit voltage VOC having a first response voltage magnitude at least partially corresponding to the first substrate voltage magnitude of the sensor substrate 230A. The first current response 234A is an open circuit current IOC having a first response current magnitude equal or substantially equal to zero.

[0039] The biological substrate 240A is in a contracted state having a first biological substrate thickness. In some implementations, the first biological substrate thickness is a relative minimum thickness of the biological substrate 240A caused by a capillary state between pulses, heartbeats, or the like. In some implementations, the first biological substrate thickness corresponds to a diastolic blood pressure.

[0040] Fig. 2B illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a second operating state, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 2B, an example cardiovascular sensor device 200B in a second operating state includes the hybrid fiber 140, a sensor substrate 230B having a second triboelectric charge, a second voltage response 232B, and a second current response 234B. The example cardiovascular sensor device 200B further includes a biological substrate 240B having a second displacement characteristic and the biological surface 242. The hybrid fiber 140 includes a conductive wire core 210B having a second triboelectric charge, and one or more nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B each having a respective second triboelectric charge.

[0041] The conductive wire core 210B has a second triboelectric core charge. In some implementations, the second triboelectric core charge is a positive voltage having a second core voltage magnitude less than the first core voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the conductive wire core 210B obtains the second triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B and the sensor substrate 240B, and transfers electrons to the nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B. The nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B have a second triboelectric fiber charge. In some implementations, the second triboelectric fiber charge is a negative voltage having a second fiber voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the second triboelectric fiber charge has a second magnitude corresponding, proportional, or the like, to the second core voltage magnitude.

[0042] The sensor substrate 230B is in contact with the nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B of the hybrid fiber 140, and has a second triboelectric substrate charge. In some implementations, the second triboelectric substrate charge is a positive voltage having a second substrate voltage magnitude greater than the first substrate voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the sensor substrate 230B obtains the second triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B, and transfers electrons to the nonconductive fibers 220B, 222B and 224B. The second voltage response 232B is an increasing contact voltage VINC having a second response voltage magnitude greater than the first response voltage magnitude and the first substrate voltage magnitude of the sensor substrate 230B. The second current response 234B is an increasing contact current IINC having a second response current magnitude greater than the first response current magnitude. In some implementations, the second current response 234B begins in response to the hybrid fiber 140 contacting the sensor substrate 230B by displacement from the expanding biological substrate 240B.

[0043] The biological substrate 240B is in an expanding state having a second biological substrate thickness. In some implementations, the second biological substrate thickness is greater than the first biological substrate thickness, and is caused by a capillary expansion during pulses, heartbeats, or the like. In some implementations, the second biological substrate thickness corresponds to an increasing blood pressure.

[0044] Fig. 2C illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a third operating state, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 2C, an example cardiovascular sensor device 200C in a third operating state includes the hybrid fiber 140, a sensor substrate 230C having a third triboelectric charge, a third voltage response 232C, and a third current response 234C. The example cardiovascular sensor device 200C further includes a biological substrate 240C having a third displacement characteristic and the biological surface 242. The hybrid fiber 140 includes a conductive wire core 210C having a third triboelectric charge, and one or more nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C each having a respective third triboelectric charge.

[0045] The conductive wire core 2 IOC has a third triboelectric core charge. In some implementations, the third triboelectric core charge is a positive voltage having a third core voltage magnitude less than the second core voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the conductive wire core 2 IOC obtains the third triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C and the sensor substrate 240C, and transfers electrons to the nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C. The nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C have a third triboelectric fiber charge. In some implementations, the third triboelectric fiber charge is a negative voltage having a third fiber voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the third triboelectric fiber charge has a third magnitude greater than the third core voltage magnitude.

[0046] The sensor substrate 230C is in contact with the nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C of the hybrid fiber 140, and has a third triboelectric substrate charge. In some implementations, the third triboelectric substrate charge is a positive voltage having a third substrate voltage magnitude greater than the second substrate voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the sensor substrate 230C obtains the third triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C, and transfers electrons to the nonconductive fibers 220C, 222C and 224C. The third voltage response 232C is a compression contact voltage VCOM having a third response voltage magnitude greater than the second response voltage magnitude and the first substrate voltage magnitude of the sensor substrate 230A. The third current response 234C is a compression contact current ICOM having a third response current magnitude equal or substantially equal to zero or the first response current magnitude. In some implementations, the third current response 234C begins in response to the hybrid fiber 140 transferring all electrons from the sensor substrate 230B by displacement from the expanded biological substrate 240C, and entering a steady charge state.

[0047] The biological substrate 240C is in an expanded state having a third biological substrate thickness. In some implementations, the third biological substrate thickness is a relative maximum thickness of the biological substrate 240C caused by a capillary state between pulses, heartbeats, or the like. In some implementations, the first biological substrate thickness corresponds to a systolic blood pressure.

[0048] Fig. 2D illustrates an example cardiovascular sensor device in a fourth operating state, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 2C, an example cardiovascular sensor device 200C in a fourth operating state includes the hybrid fiber 140, a sensor substrate 230D having a fourth triboelectric charge, a fourth voltage response 232D, and a fourth current response 234D. The example cardiovascular sensor device 200D further includes a biological substrate 240D having a fourth displacement characteristic and the biological surface 242. The hybrid fiber 140 includes a conductive wire core 210D having a fourth triboelectric charge, and one or more nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D each having a respective fourth triboelectric charge.

[0049] The conductive wire core 210D has a fourth triboelectric core charge. In some implementations, the fourth triboelectric core charge is a positive voltage having a fourth core voltage magnitude greater than the third core voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the conductive wire core 210D obtains the fourth triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D and the sensor substrate 240D, and transfers electrons to the nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D. The nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D have a fourth triboelectric fiber charge. In some implementations, the fourth triboelectric fiber charge is a negative voltage having a fourth fiber voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the fourth triboelectric fiber charge has a fourth magnitude greater than the fourth core voltage magnitude.

[0050] The sensor substrate 230D is in contact with the nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D of the hybrid fiber 140, and has a fourth triboelectric substrate charge. In some implementations, the fourth triboelectric substrate charge is a positive voltage having a fourth substrate voltage magnitude less than the third substrate voltage magnitude and greater than the first substrate voltage magnitude. In some implementations, the sensor substrate 230D obtains the fourth triboelectric core charge in response to friction contact with at least one of the nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D, and transfers electrons from the nonconductive fibers 220D, 222D and 224D. The fourth voltage response 232D is a decreasing contact voltage VDEC having a fourth response voltage magnitude less than the third response voltage magnitude and the first substrate voltage magnitude of the sensor substrate 230A. The fourth current response 234D is a decreasing contact current IDEC having a fourth response current magnitude greater than the first response current magnitude and having a direction opposite to the second response current magnitude. In some implementations, the fourth current response 234D begins in response to the hybrid fiber 140 transferring electrons to the sensor substrate 230B by displacement from the contracting biological substrate 240D.

[0051] The biological substrate 240D is in a contracting state having a fourth biological substrate thickness. In some implementations, the fourth biological substrate thickness is greater than the first biological substrate thickness, less than the third biological substrate thickness, and is caused by a capillary contraction during pulses, heartbeats, or the like. In some implementations, the second biological substrate thickness corresponds to a blood pressure inflection point.

[0052] Fig. 3 illustrates an example electronic cardiovascular sensor system, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 3, an example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 includes a sensor array 310, a sensor substrate 320, an analog signal processor 330, an analog-to-digital converter 340, a system processor 350, and a communication interface 360. In some implementations, the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 is mechanically or electrically coupled to the biological surface 242 of the biological substrate 240. In some implementations, the sensor array 310 includes a mechanical, electrical, electromechanical, microelectromechanical, or like sensor coupling 312 to the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the analog signal processor includes electrical, electromechanical, microelectromechanical, or like signal coupling to the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the an example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 is at least partially disposed within a sensor housing 302. [0053] The sensor housing 302 contains or the like one or more sensors, electrical devices, electronic devices, mechanical structures, and the like. In some implementations, the sensor housing 302 includes a plastic material, a polymer material, electrically insulating material, waterproof material, water resistant material, or the like. In some implementations, the sensor housing 302 at least partially houses, encloses, or the like, at least one component of Fig. 4. It is to be understood that the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system in accordance with present implementations can optionally include the sensor housing 302. It is to be further understood that the sensor housing 302 can optionally include one or more of the sensor array 310, the sensor substrate 320, the analog signal processor 330, the analog-to-digital converter 340, the system processor 350, and the communication interface 360.

[0054] The sensor array 310 is operable to generate at least one electrical output in response to mechanical, electromechanical, or like contact with the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the sensor array 310 corresponds to one or more of the sensor core 120 and one or more of the sensor panels 130. In some implementations, the sensor array 310 is operable to generate a voltage response in accordance with one or more of the voltage responses 232A, 232B, 232C and 232D. In some implementations, the sensor array 130 is coupled to the biological surface 242 by planar contact of the sensor array to the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the sensor array 130 is coupled to the biological surface 242 by the sensor coupling 312. The sensor coupling 312 mechanically couples, electrically couples, electromechanically couples, or the like, the sensor array 310 to the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the sensor coupling 312 is or includes a planar surface of one or more of the sensory array 310 and the biological surface 242 in contact with each other. In some implementations, the sensor coupling 312 includes at least one electrical terminal, contact surface, or the like, operable to transfer at least one of mechanical, electromechanical, triboelectric, electrical, or like energy between the sensor array 310 and the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the sensor coupling 312 is or includes one or more hybrid fibers 140 in contact or contactable with the biological surface 242.

[0055] The sensor substrate 320 is operable to generate at least one electrical output in response to mechanical, electromechanical, or like contact with the sensor array 310. In some implementations, the sensor substrate 320 corresponds to the textile substrate 110. In some implementations, the sensor substrate 320 is operable to generate a voltage response in accordance with one or more of the voltage responses 232 A, 232B, 232C and 232D. In some implementations, the sensor substrate operatively coupled to at least the sensor array 310 and the analog signal processor 330.

[0056] The analog signal processor 330 is operable to generate at least one corrected voltage response based at least partially on a voltage response received from the sensor substrate 320. In some implementations, the analog signal processor 330 is operable to filter a received voltage response in accordance with one or more of a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter, and a combination thereof. In some implementations, the analog signal processor 330 is operable to amplify the received voltage response in real-time. In some implementations, the analog signal processor 330 includes one or more logical or electronic devices including but not limited to integrated circuits, logic gates, flip flops, gate arrays, programmable gate arrays, and the like. It is to be understood that any electrical, electronic, or like devices, or components associated with the analog signal processor 330 can also be associated with, integrated with, integrable with, replaced by, supplemented by, complemented by, or the like, the system processor 350 or any component thereof. The signal coupling 332 is operable to electrically couple the analog signal processor 330 to the biological surface 242. In some implementations, the signal coupling 332 is operable to provide a ground, neutral, reference, or like voltage relative to an electrical voltage characteristic of the biological surface 332. It is to be understood that the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system can optionally include the signal coupling 332. It is to be further understood that the signal coupling 332 can be operatively coupled to any external or internal reference point to generate the ground, neutral, reference, or like voltage in accordance with present implementations.

[0057] The analog-to-digital converter 340 is operable to convert the received response voltage or the corrected response voltage to a digital response voltage. In some implementations, In some implementations, the digital response voltage is a quantized waveform. In some implementations, the analog-to-digital converter 340 is operatively coupled to at least one of the analog signal processor 330 and the system processor 350. In some implementations, the analog-to-digital converter 340 includes one or more logical or electronic devices including but not limited to integrated circuits, logic gates, flip flops, gate arrays, programmable gate arrays, and the like. It is to be understood that any electrical, electronic, or like devices, or components associated with the analog-to-digital converter 340 can also be associated with, integrated with, integrable with, replaced by, supplemented by, complemented by, or the like, the system processor 350 or any component thereof.

[0058] The system processor 350 is operable to obtain one or more of the received response voltage, the corrected response voltage, and the digital response voltage, and to transmit a processed response voltage to the communication interface 360. The system processor 350 is operable to execute one or more instructions associated with input from one or more of the sensor array 310, the sensor substrate 320, the analog signal processor 330, and the analog-to- digital converter 340. In some implementations, the system processor 350 is an electronic processor, an integrated circuit, or the like including one or more of digital logic, analog logic, digital sensors, analog sensors, communication buses, volatile memory, nonvolatile memory, and the like. In some implementations, the system processor 350 includes but is not limited to, at least one microcontroller unit (MCU), microprocessor unit (MPU), central processing unit (CPU), graphics processing unit (GPU), physics processing unit (PPU), embedded controller (EC), or the like. In some implementations, the system processor 350 includes a memory operable to store or storing one or more instructions for operating components of the system processor 350 and operating components operably coupled to the system processor 350. In some implementations, the one or more instructions include at least one of firmware, software, hardware, operating systems, embedded operating systems, and the like. It is to be understood that the system processor 350 or the system 300 generally can include at least one communication bus controller to effect communication between the system processor 350 and the other elements of the system 300. [0059] The communication interface 360 is operable to transmit the processed response voltage to an external device. The communication interface 360 is operable to communicatively couple the at least one of the sensor array 310, the sensor substrate 320, and the system processor 350 to an external device. In some implementations, an external device includes but is not limited to a smartphone, mobile device, wearable mobile device, tablet computer, desktop computer, laptop computer, cloud server, local server, and the like. In some implementations, the communication interface 360 is operable to communicate one or more instructions, signals, conditions, states, or the like between one or more of the system processor 350 and the external device. In some implementations, the communication interface 360 includes one or more digital, analog, or like communication channels, lines, traces, or the like. As one example, the communication interface 360 is or includes at least one serial or parallel communication line among multiple communication lines of a communication interface. In some implementations, the communication interface 360 is or includes one or more wireless communication devices, systems, protocols, interfaces, or the like. In some implementations, the communication interface 360 includes one or more logical or electronic devices including but not limited to integrated circuits, logic gates, flip flops, gate arrays, programmable gate arrays, and the like. In some implementations, the communication interface 360 includes ones or more telecommunication devices including but not limited to antennas, transceivers, packetizers, wired interface ports, and the like. It is to be understood that any electrical, electronic, or like devices, or components associated with the communication interface 360 can also be associated with, integrated with, integrable with, replaced by, supplemented by, complemented by, or the like, the system processor 350 or any component thereof.

[0060] Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate comparative response voltages in accordance with present implementations and associated respectively with individuals associated with no known obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and individuals associated with OSAHS. In some implementations, response voltage waveforms of both Figs. 4 and 5 remain consistent upon exposure to variable time and temperature. Further, In some implementations, response voltage magnitudes of both Figs. 4 and 5 remain consistent upon exposure to variable time and temperature. As one example, response voltage magnitudes of both Figs. 4 and 5 can remain consistent between 4 V and 6 V at 1.2 kPa for up to at least 80,000 pulse, heartbeat, or like cycles. In some implementations, the response voltage magnitudes remains substantially consistent between temperatures of 10 °C and 40 °C under a pressure of 1.2 kPa and a frequency response of 1 Hz. In some implementations, response voltage magnitudes vary with respect to presence of humidity and moisture, and voltage response waveform remain substantially consistent. As one example, voltage response peaks can respectively be approximately 6 V, 4.5 V, 4V, 3 V and 2 V under humidity conditions of 10%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 95%. As another example, voltage response peaks can be approximately 1.25 V under conditions in which sweat, biofluid, or the like is present at the biological surface 242 in contact with or contactable with the sensor array 310.

[0061] Fig. 4 illustrates an example regular response voltage timing diagram associated with an example cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 4, an example regular response voltage timing diagram 400 includes a response voltage 410 waveform having a regular peak 412, a regular inflection point 414, and a regular minimum 416. The regular response voltage 410 is variable in magnitude based on a voltage response detected from the sensor array 310. In some implementations, the regular response voltage 410 is associated with an individual having no obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).

[0062] At time tO 402, the regular response voltage 410 is at a relative minimum. In some implementations, the regular response voltage 410 at time tO 402 corresponds to the VOC associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200A in the first operating state. In some implementations, the relative minimum corresponds to the regular minimum 416. In some implementations, the regular minimum 416 corresponds to diastolic blood pressure of the individual associated with no known OSAHS. In some implementations, the time tO 402 is associated with a period between pulses, heartbeats, or the like.

[0063] At time tl 404, the regular response voltage 410 is rising from the relative minimum. In some implementations, the regular response voltage 410 at time tl 404 corresponds to the VINC associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200B in the second operating state. In some implementations, the time tl 404 is associated with a start of a pulse, heartbeat, or the like.

[0064] At time t2 406, the regular response voltage 410 is at a relative maximum. In some implementations, the regular response voltage 410 at time t2 406 corresponds to the VCOM associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200D in the third operating state. In some implementations, the regular peak 412 corresponds to systolic blood pressure of the individual associated with no known OSAHS. In some implementations, the time tO 402 is associated with a period of maximum pulse, heartbeat, or the like. [0065] At time t3 408, the regular response voltage 410 is decreasing from the relative maximum. In some implementations, the regular response voltage 410 at time t3 408 corresponds to the VDEC associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200D in the fourth operating state. In some implementations, the regular inflection point 414 corresponds to an inflection point in blodd pressure of the individual associated with no known OSAHS. In some implementations, the time tl 404 is associated with an end of a pulse, heartbeat, or the like. It is to be understood that the response voltage can continue operating cyclically by transitioning from time t3 408 to time t4402 in accordance with present implementations.

[0066] Fig. 5 illustrates an example irregular response voltage timing diagram associated with an example cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations. As illustrated by way of example in Fig. 5, an example irregular response voltage timing diagram 500 includes a response voltage 510 waveform having the regular peak 412, the regular inflection point 414, the regular minimum 416, an irregular peak 512, an irregular inflection point 514, and an irregular minimum 516. The irregular response voltage 510 is variable in magnitude based on a voltage response detected from the sensor array 310. In some implementations, the irregular response voltage 510 is associated with an individual having obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). At time tO 402, time tl 404, time t2 406, and time t3 408, the irregular response voltage 510 corresponds to the regular response voltage 410.

[0067] At time t5 502, the irregular response voltage 510 is rising from an irregular relative minimum 416. In some implementations, the irregular response voltage 510 at time t5 502corresponds to the VINC associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200B in the second operating state. In some implementations, the time t5 502 is associated with a start of a pulse, heartbeat, or the like.

[0068] At time t6 504, the irregular response voltage 510 is at an irregular relative maximum 512. In some implementations, the irregular response voltage 510 at time t6 504 corresponds to the VCOM associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200D in the third operating state. In some implementations, the irregular peak 512 corresponds to systolic blood pressure of the individual associated with OSAHS. In some implementations, the time t6 504 is associated with a period of maximum pulse, heartbeat, or the like.

[0069] At time tl 506, the irregular response voltage 510 is decreasing from the irregular relative maximum 512. In some implementations, the irregular response voltage 510 at time tl 506 corresponds to the VDEC associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200D in the fourth operating state. In some implementations, the irregular inflection point 514 corresponds to an inflection point in blood pressure of the individual associated with OSAHS. In some implementations, the time t7 506 is associated with an end of a pulse, heartbeat, or the like. [0070] At time t8 508, the irregular response voltage 510 is at the irregular relative minimum 516. In some implementations, the irregular response voltage 510 at time t8 508 corresponds to the VOC associated with the cardiovascular sensor device 200A in the first operating state. In some implementations, the irregular relative minimum 516corresponds to diastolic blood pressure of the individual associated with OSAHS. In some implementations, the time t8 508 is associated with a period between pulses, heartbeats, or the like. It is to be understood that the response voltage can continue operating cyclically by transitioning from time t8 508 to time t9404 or time t5 502 in accordance with present implementations.

[0071] It is to be understood that the OSAHS can be detected by at least one of the system processor 350 and the external device in communication therewith by detecting a change in the irregular response voltage 510 waveform. In some implementations, the change is detectable by detecting a difference between peaks 412 and 512. In some implementations, the change is detectable by detecting a difference between minima 416 and 516. In some implementations, the change is detectable by detecting both a difference between peaks 412 and 512, and a difference between minima 416 and 516.

[0072] Fig. 6A illustrates a first example method of mechanically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 performs method 600 A according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 600A begins at step 610.

[0073] At step 610, the example system contacts a sensor array to a biological surface. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panel 130 and the sensor array 310 contacts the biological surface 242. The method 600A then continues to step 620.

[0074] At step 620, the example system deforms the sensor array toward the sensor substrate. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panels 130 and the sensor array 310 deforms toward the sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 620 includes at least one of steps 622 and 624. At step 622, the example system deforms the sensor array by blood vessel expansion. In some implementations, the example system deforms the sensor array in accordance with the first operating state 200A. At step 624, the example system deforms at least one filament of the sensor array. In some implementations, at least one of the hybrid fibers 140 of at least one of the sensor core 120, the sensor panels 130, and the sensor array 310 corresponds to the filament of the sensor array. The method 600A then continues to step 630.

[0075] At step 630, the example system contacts the sensor array to the sensor substrate. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panels 130 and the sensor array 310 contacts with at least one of the textile substrate 110 and the sensor substrate 320. In some implementations, step 630 includes at least one of steps 632 and 634. At step 632, the example system contacts the sensor array to the sensor substrate by blood vessel expansion. In some implementations, the example system contacts the sensor array in accordance with the second operating state 200B. At step 634, the example system contacts at least one filament of the sensor array to the sensor substrate. The method 600A then continues to step 640.

[0076] At step 640, the example system deforms the contacted sensor array toward the sensor substrate. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panels 130 and the sensor array 310 deforms, compresses, or the like in contact with at least one of the textile substrate 110 and the sensor substrate 320. In some implementations, step 640 includes at least one of steps 642 and 644. At step 642, the example system deforms the contacted sensor array by blood vessel expansion. In some implementations, the example system contacts the sensor array in accordance with the third operating state 200C. At step 644, the example system deforms at least one contacted filament of the contacted sensor array. In some implementations, the method 600A then continues to step 650.

[0077] Fig. 6B illustrates an example method of mechanically sensing a cardiovascular response further to the first example method of Fig. 6A. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 performs method 600B according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 600B begins at step 650.

[0078] At step 650, the example system moves the contacted sensor array away from the sensor substrate. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panels 130 and the sensor array 310 elastically reforms, straightens, or the like in contact with at least one of the textile substrate 110 and the sensor substrate 320. In some implementations, step 650 includes at least one of steps 652 and 654. At step 652, the example system moves the sensor array by blood vessel contraction. In some implementations, the example system moves the sensor array in accordance with the fouth operating state 200D. At step 654, the example system moves at least one filament of the sensor array. The method 600B then continues to step 660. [0079] At step 660, the example system separates the sensor array from the sensor substrate. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panels 130 and the sensor array 310 elastically reforms, straightens, or the like out of contact with at least one of the textile substrate 110 and the sensor substrate 320. In some implementations, step 660 includes at least one of steps 662 and 664. At step 662, the example system separates the sensor array from the sensor substrate by blood vessel contraction. In some implementations, the example system moves the sensor array in accordance with a transition from the fourth operating state 200D to the first operating state 200A. At step 664, the example system moves at least one filament of the sensor array out of contact with the sensor substrate. The method 600B then continues to step 670.

[0080] At step 670, the example system straightens the separated sensor array. In some implementations, at least one of the sensor panels 130 and the sensor array 310 elastically reforms, straightens, or the like out of contact with at least one of the textile substrate 110 and the sensor substrate 320. In some implementations, step 670 includes at least one of steps 672 and 674. At step 672, the example system straightens the sensor array by blood vessel contraction. At step 674, the example system straightens at least one filament of the sensor array. In some implementations, the example system moves the sensor array in accordance with the first operating state 200 A. In some implementations, the method 600B then continues to step 620. Alternatively, in some implementations, the method 600B ends at step 670.

[0081] Fig. 6C illustrates a second example method of mechanically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 performs method 600C according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 600C begins at step 610.

[0082] At step 610, the example system contacts a sensor array to a biological surface. In some implementations, step 610 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 610 of Fig. 6A. The method 600C then continues to step 620. At step 620, the example system deforms the sensor array toward the sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 620 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 620 of Fig. 6A. The method 600C then continues to step 630. At step 630, the example system contacts the sensor array to the sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 630 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 630 of Fig. 6A. The method 600C then continues to step 640. At step 640, the example system deforms the contacted sensor array toward the sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 640 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 640 of Fig. 6A. The method 600C then continues to step 650. At step 650, the example system moves the contacted sensor array away from the sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 650 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 650 of Fig. 6A. The method 600C then continues to step 660. At step 660, the example system separates the sensor array from the sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 660 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 660 of Fig. 6A. The method 600C then continues to step 640. At step 670, the example system straightens the separated sensor array. In some implementations, step 670 of Fig. 6C at least partially corresponds to step 670 of Fig. 6A. In some implementations, the method 600C then continues to step 620. Alternatively, in some implementations, the method 600C ends at step 670.

[0083] Fig. 7A illustrates a first example method of electrically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 performs method 700A according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 700A begins at step 710.

[0084] At step 710, the example system receives a voltage response at a sensor substrate. In some implementations, at least one of the textile substrate 110 and the sensor substrate 320 receives the voltage response. In some implementations, the example system continuously, periodically, or repeatedly receives a voltage response at the sensor substrate. In some implementations, the example system receives the voltage response at one or more predefined frequencies. As one example, a predefined frequency can be 1 Hz. In some implementations, step 710 includes at least one of steps 712, 714, 716 and 718. At step 712, the example system receives an open circuit voltage. In some implementations, the example system receives VOC in accordance with the first operating state 200A. At step 714, the example system receives an increasing contact voltage. In some implementations, the example system receives VINC in accordance with the second operating state 200B. At step 716, the example system receives a compression contact voltage. In some implementations, the example system receives VCOM in accordance with the third operating state 200C. At step 718, the example system receives a decreasing contact voltage. In some implementations, the example system receives VDEC in accordance with the fourth operating state 200D. The method 700A then continues to step 720. [0085] At step 720, the example system applies an analog filter to the voltage response. In some implementations, the analog signal processor 330 applies at least one analog filter to the voltage response. In some implementations, filtering includes amplifying the voltage response. It is to be understood that the example system can optionally apply an analog filter to the voltage response. The method 700A then continues to step 730. At step 730, the example system converts the filtered voltage response to a digital voltage response. In some implementations, the analog-to-digital converter 340 converts the voltage response. It is to be understood that the example system can optionally convert a voltage response. The method 700A then continues to step 740.

[0086] At step 740, the example system communicates the digital voltage response. In some implementations, the communication interface 360 communicates a voltage response. It is to be understood that the example system can optionally communicate a voltage response. In some implementations, step 740 includes step 742. At step 742, the example system transmits the digital voltage response to an external processor. In some implementations, the example system wirelessly transmits the voltage response by one or more wireless communication protocols. As one example, a wireless communication protocol can include Bluetooth. It is to be understood that the example system can optionally communicate a voltage response. In some implementations, the method 700A ends at step 740.

[0087] Fig. 7B illustrates a second example method of electrically sensing a cardiovascular response, in accordance with present implementations. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 performs method 700B according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 700B begins at step 710.

[0088] At step 710, the example system receives a voltage response at a sensor substrate. In some implementations, step 710 of Fig. 7B at least partially corresponds to step 710 of Fig. 7A. The method 700B then continues to step 720. At step 720, the example system applies an analog filter to the voltage response. In some implementations, step 720 of Fig. 7B at least partially corresponds to step 720 of Fig. 7A. The method 700B then continues to step 730. At step 730, the example system converts the filtered voltage response to a digital voltage response. In some implementations, step 720 of Fig. 7B at least partially corresponds to step 720 of Fig. 7A. The method 700B then continues to step 740. At step 740, the example system communicates the digital voltage response. In some implementations, step 720 of Fig. 7B at least partially corresponds to step 720 of Fig. 7A. In some implementations, the method 700B ends at step 740.

[0089] Fig. 8A illustrates a first example method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 is manufactured by method 800A according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 800A begins at step 810.

[0090] At step 810, the example system immerses a textile substrate in solution. In some implementations, the example system ultrasonically cleans the textile substrate in a solution of at least one of acetone and ethanol in deionized water, preceding the immersion in solution. In some implementations, the nitric acid solution is or includes 5 M nitric acid solution. The method 800A then continues to step 820.

[0091] At step 820, the example system coats a textile substrate in silver nitrate. In some implementations, the example system coats the textile substrate by dipping into a solution including silver nitrate and removing therefrom. In some implementations, step 820 includes step 822. At step 822, the example system immerses the textile substrate in silver nitrate solution. In some implementations, the silver nitrate solution includes at least one of a 20 g/L silver nitrate solution and 1 g/L of edetic acid. The method 800A then continues to step 830. [0092] At step 830, the example system affixes the silver coating to the textile substrate. In some implementations, step 830 includes step 832. At step 832, the example system applies heat to the coated textile substrate. In some implementations, the example system heats the coated textile fabric by oven at 100 °F for approximately 1 hour. In some implementations, the heated textile substrate is then allowed to cool to ambient, room, or like temperature. The method 800A then continues to step 840.

[0093] At step 840, the example system forms a textile-metal hybrid fiber. In some implementations, the textile-metal hybrid fiber is formed into the hybrid fiber 140. In some implementations, the textile-metal hybrid fiber is formed from a metal wire and at least one polyester fiber. In some implementations, step 840 includes step 842. At step 842, the example system winds a polyester fiber around a metal wire. In some implementations, the example system winds one, two or three polyester fibers around a metal wire to form a 1-ply, 2-ply, or 3-ply hybrid fiber. In some implementations, the example system cuts the formed hybrid fiber to form a plurality of hybrid fibers having varying lengths. In some implementations, the method 800A then continues to step 850.

[0094] Fig. 8B illustrates an example method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device further to the first example method of Fig. 8A. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 is manufactured by method 800B according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 800B begins at step 850.

[0095] At step 850, the example system forms a textile core on the textile substrate. In some implementations, the example system forms the sensor core 120 in the textile substrate 110. In some implementations, step 850 includes step 852. At step 852, the example system forms the textile core by sewing nylon to the textile substrate. In some implementations, the example system sews a nylon fiber, cord, or the like to the textile substrate in a round, circular, elliptical, polygonal, or like shape. The method 800B then continues to step 860.

[0096] At step 860, the example system affixes one or more hybrid fibers to the textile core. In some implementations, step 860 includes step 862. At step 862, the example system sews one or more hybrid fibers within the nylon textile core. In some implementations, the example system sew a first plurality of hybrid fibers in a lateral direction substantially parallel to each other. In some implementations, the example system sews a second plurality of hybrid fibers in a longitudinal direction substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the fibers in the lateral direction. In some implementations, all hybrid fibers are affixed to the textile core at both ends of each fiber. The method 800B then continues to step 870.

[0097] At step 870, the example system forms a sensor boundary on the textile substrate. In some implementations, the example system sews a nylon fiber, cord, or the like to the textile substrate in a “petal” shape, a straight-edged shape, or the like. It is to be understood that the example system can optionally form one or more of the sensor boundaries. In some implementations, step 870 includes at least one of steps 872 and 874. At step 872, the example system sews the sensor boundary to the textile substrate. At step 874, the example system forms multiple sensor boundaries. In some implementations, the example system forms between five and seven sensor panels. The method 800B then continues to step 880.

[0098] At step 880, the example system affixes one or more hybrid fibers within the sensor boundary. In some implementations, the example system affixes the hybrid fibers to form each of the sensor panels 120. In some implementations, step 880 includes step 882. At step 882, the example system sew one or more hybrid fibers within each sensory boundary. In some implementations, the example system sews hybrid fibers of varying lengths to form sensor panels having “petal” shapes in the textile substrate. Alternatively, in some implementations, the example system sews hybrid fibers of corresponding or equal lengths to form sensor panels having straight edges in the textile substrate. In some implementations, the example system sews a first end of the hybrid fiber to the textile core. In some implementations, the example system sews an opposite end of each hybrid fiber to the textile substrate or the sensor boundary In some implementations, the point of joining the hybrid fiber and the textile substrate is the sensor boundary for the sensor panel containing that hybrid fiber. In some implementations, the method 800B ends at step 880.

[0099] Fig. 8C illustrates a second example method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device, in accordance with present implementations. In some implementations, at least one of the example cardiovascular sensor device 100 and the example electronic cardiovascular sensor system 300 is manufactured by method 800C according to present implementations. In some implementations, the method 800C begins at step 810.

[00100] At step 810, the example system immerses a textile substrate in nitric acid solution. In some implementations, step 810 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 810 of Fig. 8 A. The method 800C then continues to step 820. At step 820, the example system coats a textile substrate in silver nitrate. In some implementations, step 820 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 820 of Fig. 8A. The method 800C then continues to step 830. At step 830, the example system affixes the silver coating to the textile substrate. In some implementations, step 830 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 830 of Fig. 8A. The method 800C then continues to step 840. At step 840, the example system forms a textile- metal hybrid fiber. In some implementations, step 840 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 840 of Fig. 8A. The method 800C then continues to step 850. At step 850, the example system forms a textile core on the textile substrate. In some implementations, step 850 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 850 of Fig. 8B. The method 800C then continues to step 860. At step 860, the example system affixes one or more hybrid fibers to the textile core. In some implementations, step 860 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 860 of Fig. 8B. The method 800C then continues to step 870. At step 870, the example system forms a sensor boundary on the textile substrate. In some implementations, step 870 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 870 of Fig. 8B. The method 800C then continues to step 880. At step 880, the example system affixes one or more hybrid fibers within the sensor boundary. In some implementations, step 880 of Fig. 8C at least partially corresponds to step 880 of Fig. 8B. In some implementations, the method 800C ends at step 880.

[00101] The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are illustrative, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected," or "operably coupled," to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable," to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components

[00102] With respect to the use of plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.

[00103] It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as "open" terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to," the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least," the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to," etc.).

[00104] Although the figures and description may illustrate a specific order of method steps, the order of such steps may differ from what is depicted and described, unless specified differently above. Also, two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence, unless specified differently above. Such variation may depend, for example, on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations of the described methods could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule-based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps, and decision steps.

[00105] It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation, no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and/or "an" should typically be interpreted to mean "at least one" or "one or more"); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations," without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations).

[00106] Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." is used, in general, such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" will be understood to include the possibilities of "A" or "B" or "A and B." [00107] Further, unless otherwise noted, the use of the words “approximate,” “about,” “around,” “substantially,” etc., mean plus or minus ten percent.

[00108] The foregoing description of illustrative implementations has been presented for purposes of illustration and of description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting with respect to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the disclosed implementations. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A cardiovascular sensor device comprising: a textile substrate including a conductive coating disposed thereon; a sensor core including a nonconductive core fiber affixed to the textile substrate and a first plurality of conductive fibers affixed to the nonconductive core fiber; and a plurality of sensor panels, each sensor panel among the plurality including a second plurality conductive fibers affixed to the textile substrate and the nonconductive core fiber.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein each conductive fiber of the first plurality of conductive fibers and the second plurality of conductive fibers comprises a metallic wire and a nonconductive sensor fiber.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the nonconductive sensor fiber has a helical shape and at least partially surrounds the metallic wire.

4. The device of at least one of claims 1-3, wherein the nonconductive sensor fiber comprises polyester.

5. The device of at least one of claims 1-4, wherein the conductive coating comprises silver.

6. The device of at least one of claims 1-5, wherein the nonconductive core fiber comprises nylon.

7. The device of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first plurality of conductive fibers comprises a plurality of lateral conductive fibers arranged substantially parallel to each other.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first plurality of conductive fibers further comprises a plurality of longitudinal conductive fibers arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the plurality of lateral conductive fibers.

9. The device of any of claims 1-8, wherein the second plurality of conductive fibers are arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the sensor core.

10. The device of any of claims 1-9, wherein each sensor panel has a substantially elliptical shape.

11. The device of any of claims 1-10, wherein the plurality of sensor panels comprises six sensor panels.

12. The device of any of claims 1-11, further comprising: an analog signal processor operatively coupled to the textile substrate and configured to receive a voltage response from the textile substrate and generate a corrected voltage response.

13. The device of claim 12, wherein a displacement of at least one of the sensor panels with respect to the textile substrate causes the voltage response.

14. The device of any of claims 12 and 13, further comprising: an analog-to-digital converter operatively coupled to the analog signal processor and configured to receive the corrected voltage response from the analog signal processor and generate a digital voltage response.

15. The device of any of claims 12-14, further comprising: a system processor operatively coupled to the analog-to-digital converter and configured to receive the digital voltage response from the analog-to-digital converter.

16. The device of any of claims 12-15, further comprising: a communication interface operatively coupled to the system processor and configured to receive the digital voltage response from the system processor and to wirelessly transmit the digital voltage response to an external device.

17. The device of any of claims 1-16, wherein the plurality of sensor panels contact a biological surface.

18. A method of sensing a cardiovascular response, comprising: contacting at least one conductive fiber of a sensor panel to a biological surface; deforming the conductive fiber separated from a sensor substrate toward the sensor substrate; and contacting the conductive fiber with the sensor substrate.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: deforming the contacted conductive fiber toward the sensor substrate; moving the contacted conductive fiber away from the sensor substrate; and separating the contacted conductive fiber from the sensor substrate.

20. The method of any of claims 18 and 19, further comprising: receiving a voltage response from the sensor substrate.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the voltage response comprises a first voltage response having a first magnitude and is present concurrently with the deforming the conductive fiber separated from a sensor substrate toward the sensor substrate.

22. The method of any of claims 20 and 21, wherein the voltage response comprises a second voltage response having a second magnitude and is present concurrently with the contacting the conductive fiber with the sensor substrate.

23. The method of any of claims 20-22, wherein the voltage response comprises a third voltage response having a third magnitude and is present concurrently with the deforming the contacted conductive fiber toward the sensor substrate.

24. The method of any of claims 20-23, wherein the voltage response comprises a fourth voltage response having a fourth magnitude and is present concurrently with the moving the contacted conductive fiber away from the sensor substrate.

25. The method of any of claims 20-24, wherein the voltage response comprises the first voltage response having the first magnitude and is present concurrently with the separating the contacted conductive fiber from the sensor substrate.

26. The method of any of claims 20-25, further comprising: applying an analog filter to the voltage response including at least one of a low pass filter, a high pass filter, and a voltage amplification.

27. The method of any of claims 20-26, further comprising: converting the voltage response to a digital voltage response.

28. The method of any of claims 20-27, further comprising: transmitting the voltage response wirelessly to an external device.

29. A method of manufacturing a cardiovascular sensor device, comprising: coating a textile substrate in a conductive solution; winding a textile fiber around a conductive wire to form a plurality of hybrid fibers; forming a textile core on the textile substrate; affixing the hybrid fibers within the textile core; and affixing a plurality of hybrid fibers to the textile core and the textile substrate to form a sensor panel.

30. The method of claim 29, further comprising: immersing the textile substrate in a nitric acid solution.

31. The method of any of claims 29 and 30, wherein the textile fiber comprises polyester.

32. The method of any of claims 29-31, wherein the textile core comprises nylon.

33. The method of any of claims 29-32, wherein the forming the textile core comprises sewing a textile fiber to the textile substrate.

34. The method of any of claims 29-33, wherein the affixing the hybrid fibers within the textile core comprises sewing the hybrid fibers to the textile core.

35. The method of any of claims 29-34, wherein the affixing the hybrid fibers within the textile core comprises sewing a plurality of lateral conductive fibers substantially parallel to each other.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the affixing the hybrid fibers within the textile core comprises sewing a plurality of longitudinal conductive fibers arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the plurality of lateral conductive fibers.

37. The method of any of claims 29-36, wherein the affixing the plurality of hybrid fibers to the textile core and the textile substrate to form the sensor panel comprises sewing the plurality of hybrid fibers arranged substantially parallel to each other and substantially orthogonal to the sensor core.

38. The method of any of claims 29-37, further comprising: affixing the coating to the textile substrate by heating the coated textile substrate.

39. The method of any of claims 29-38, wherein the conductive solution comprises silver nitrate.