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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
  • C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
  • C08G73/1028—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
  • C08G73/1032—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous characterised by the solvent(s) used
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  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C43/00—Ethers; Compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C43/02—Ethers
  • C07C43/03—Ethers having all ether-oxygen atoms bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C43/04—Saturated ethers
  • C07C43/13—Saturated ethers containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C07C69/02—Esters of acyclic saturated monocarboxylic acids having the carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom or to hydrogen
  • C07C69/12—Acetic acid esters
  • C07C69/14—Acetic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1039—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors comprising halogen-containing substituents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
  • C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/16—Polyester-imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
  • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
  • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
  • C08K5/10—Esters; Ether-esters
  • C08K5/101—Esters; Ether-esters of monocarboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
  • C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
  • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
  • G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.
• liquid crystal alignment film As the liquid crystal alignment film, a so-called polyimide-based liquid crystal alignment film in which a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid) or a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a solution of soluble polyimide as a main component is applied and fired is widely used. has been done.
• a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid) or a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a solution of soluble polyimide as a main component is applied and fired is widely used.
• a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polyamic acid or a solvent-soluble polyimide also called a resin
• it is generally industrially performed by a flexographic printing method or an inkjet coating method. Is.
• the coating film property of the liquid crystal alignment agent is poor, repelling and pinholes are generated, and when the liquid crystal display element is used, that portion becomes a display defect.
• the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent includes N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, which are solvents having excellent resin solubility (also referred to as good solvent), and the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent.
• Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether which is a solvent having low resin solubility (also referred to as a poor solvent), is mixed in order to increase the solubility (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
• the sealant used to bond the substrates of the liquid crystal display elements is a liquid crystal. It exists at a position close to the edge of the alignment film.
• the inkjet method is attracting attention as a method for forming a liquid crystal alignment film without using a flexographic printing plate.
• the inkjet method is a method in which fine droplets are dropped on a substrate and a film is formed by the wetting and spreading of the liquid. Not only does it not use a printing plate, but the printing pattern can be set freely, which simplifies the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element. Further, there is an advantage that the coating liquid is not wasted because the film formation on the dummy substrate, which is required for flexographic printing, is not required.
• the inkjet method is expected to reduce the cost of liquid crystal panels and improve production efficiency.
• the inkjet method has merits such as cost reduction of the liquid crystal panel and improvement of production efficiency, but in general, the liquid crystal alignment film formed by the inkjet method has a uniform film thickness in the coated surface.
• the properties and the film formation accuracy of the coating peripheral area There is a trade-off relationship between the properties and the film formation accuracy of the coating peripheral area. That is, usually, a material having high in-plane uniformity has a problem that the dimensional stability of the coating peripheral portion is low and the film protrudes from the set size.
• Patent Document 3 describes that a liquid crystal alignment film containing a solvent-soluble polyimide containing a specific diamine can obtain very high reliability even in a negative type liquid crystal which is very weak against contamination.
• a liquid crystal alignment film having a low pretilt angle of 1 degree or less, excellent voltage retention, and liquid crystal orientation is provided by using a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a solvent-soluble polyimide having a high imidization rate containing a specific diamine. It is disclosed that it can be obtained.
• the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment agent which has excellent liquid-liquid bonding properties and good coating film properties and can be used stably for a long period of time even in an inkjet method, and a liquid crystal alignment produced by the liquid crystal alignment agent. It is an object of the present invention to provide a film and a liquid crystal display element.
• NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
• GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
• BCS ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
• BCS butyl cellosolve acetate
• the present invention has been completed by finding that the coating property is good, the dimensional stability of the coating peripheral portion is good, and the ink can be stably used for a long period of time even in the inkjet method. Further, they have found that the characteristics of such a solvent are particularly effective when dissolving a predetermined polyimide, and have completed the present invention.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention that achieves the above object is It contains the following (A) and (B).
• a 1 is a single bond, a methylene group, an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a cyclohexylene group, or an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
• any -CH 2 in the alkylene group - is an ether group, an ester group, an amide group, a cyclohexylene group, a phenylene group, a urea group, may be substituted by an amino group, or carbamate group, the amide group, The urea group and any hydrogen atom of the amino group may be replaced with a methyl group or a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
• a 2 is a fluorine atom or an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen atom of the alkyl group or the alkoxy group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and any carbon atom may be substituted with a fluorine atom. It may be substituted with an amino group protected by a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
• a plurality of a's are independently integers of 0 to 4, and when a plurality of A 2 's exist, A 2 may be the same or different.
• b and c are independently integers of 0 to 2, and when b is 0, c is 1 or 2, and A 1 is an alkylene group.
• B An organic solvent containing butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate.
• a liquid crystal alignment agent having good coating film properties, good dimensional stability in the coating peripheral portion, and can be stably used for a long period of time even in an inkjet method, and a liquid crystal alignment produced by the liquid crystal alignment agent.
• a film and a liquid crystal display element can be provided.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains the following (A) and (B).
• A) A polyimide obtained by imidizing a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of a diamine component containing at least one diamine selected from the above formulas [1] and [2] and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
• B) An organic solvent containing butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate.
• the diamine used in the present invention contains at least one selected from the above formula [1] or [2].
• a 2 is preferably a methyl group. a is preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
• a 1 is a single bond, a methylene group, an ether bond, an ester bond, or an alkylene group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms (provided that at least one-of the alkylene group is used, from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation.
• CH 2- is preferably substituted with an ether group or an ester group).
• a 2 is preferably a methyl group. a is preferably an integer of 0 to 1.
• b is preferably 1.
• c is preferably an integer of 1 to 2.
• the diamine represented by the above formula [1] and the diamine represented by the formula [2] the following formulas [d1-1] to [d1-2] or [d2-1] to [ Any of the structures of d2-28] can be mentioned.
• R is a fluorine atom or an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, even if the alkyl group or any hydrogen atom of the alkoxy group is substituted with a fluorine atom.
• Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
• R and R' are independently fluorine atoms or alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and any hydrogen atom of the alkyl group or the alkoxy group. May be replaced with a fluorine atom.
• Boc represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group.
• the plurality of m may be the same or different.
• the diamine represented by the above formula [1] and the diamine represented by the formula [2] have the following structures as more preferable specific structures.
• the content of the diamine represented by the above formula [1] and the above formula [2] is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, based on 1 mol of the total diamine component.
• the diamine constituting the polyimide (A) in the present invention may contain the diamine described below in addition to the diamine selected from the above formulas [1] and [2].
• Two or more kinds of diamines selected from the above formulas [1] and [2] may be used, or three or more kinds may be used. Above all, it is preferable to use two or more or three or more diamines selected from the above formula [2].
• the diamine having a specific side chain structure exhibits vertical orientation and has at least one side chain structure selected from the group represented by the following formulas [S1] to [S3].
• diamines having a specific side chain structure represented by the formulas [S1] to [S3], which are examples of the second diamine having such a specific side chain structure will be described in order.
• X 1 and X 2 are independently single-bonded, ⁇ (CH 2 ) a ⁇ (a represents an integer of 1 to 15), ⁇ CONH ⁇ , ⁇ NHCO ⁇ , respectively.
• a1 represents an integer of 1 to 15
• a 1 represents an oxygen atom or -COO-
• m1 represents an integer of 1 to 2. If m1 is 2, a plurality of a1 and A 1 each independently have the above definitions.
• X 1 and X 2 are independently single bonds, and ⁇ (CH 2 ) a ⁇ (a is an integer of 1 to 15). ), -O-, -CH 2 O- or -COO-, single bond,-(CH 2 ) a- (a represents an integer of 1 to 10), -O- , -CH 2 O- Alternatively, -COO- is more preferable.
• G 1 and G 2 are independently composed of a divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
• Any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group may be an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Alternatively, it may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
• m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3, and the total of m and n is 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4.
• R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Any hydrogen atom forming R 1 may be substituted with a fluorine atom.
• examples of the divalent aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenylene group, a biphenyl structure, a naphthylene group and the like.
• Examples of the divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms include a cyclopropylene group and a cyclohexylene group.
• R 1 is the same as in the above formula [S1].
• X p is-(CH 2 ) a- (a represents an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH. Represents 2 O-, -CH 2 OCO-, -COO- or -OCO-.
• a 1 represents an oxygen atom or -COO- * (a bond with "*" binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
• a 2 represents an oxygen atom or * -COO- (a bond with "*" binds to (CH 2 ) a2 ).
• a 3 indicates an integer of 0 or 1 and a 2 independently indicate an integer of 2 to 10.
• Cy represents a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group.
• X 3 is a single bond, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CON (CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO- or -OCO-. Represents. Among them, from the viewpoint of liquid crystal alignment of the liquid crystal aligning agent, X 3 is -CONH -, - NHCO -, - O -, - CH 2 O -, - COO- or -OCO- are preferred.
• R 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms. Any hydrogen atom forming R 2 may be substituted with a fluorine atom. Among them, R 2 is preferably an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms from the viewpoint of the liquid crystal orientation of the liquid crystal aligning agent. As a preferable specific example of the formula [S2], X 3 is any of -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO- or -OCO-, and R 2 is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl group.
• R 2 is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, any hydrogen atoms that form the R 2 is substituted with a fluorine atom May be good.
• X 4 represents -CONH-, -NHCO-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, -COO- or -OCO-.
• R 3 represents a structure having a steroid skeleton.
• the steroid skeleton here has a skeleton represented by the following formula (st) in which three 6-membered rings and one 5-membered ring are linked. The ring of the steroid skeleton may have a double bond.
• X represents the above formula [X1], [X2] or [X3].
• Col represents any one of the above formulas [Col1] to [Col3]
• G represents any one of the above formulas [G1] to [G4]. * Represents a bond.
• Examples of preferable combinations of X, Col and G in the above formula [S3-x] include the following combinations. That is, [X1] and [Col1] and [G1], [X1] and [Col1] and [G2], [X1] and [Col2] and [G1], [X1] and [Col2] and [G2], [X1] and [Col3] and [G2], [X1] and [Col3] and [G1], [X2] and [Col1] and [G2], [X2] and [Col2] and [G2], [X2] ] ] And [Col2] and [G1], [X2] and [Col3] and [G2], [X2] and [Col1] and [G1], [X3] and [Col2] and [G1], [X3] [Col2] and [G1], [X3] [Col2] and [G1], [X3] [Col2] and [G1], [X3] [Col2] and [G2],
• a typical example of the steroid skeleton is cholesterol (combination of [Col1] and [G2] in the above formula [S3-x]), but a steroid skeleton containing no cholesterol can also be used.
• examples of the diamine having a steroid skeleton include cholestanyl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, but it is also possible to use a diamine component containing no diamine having such a cholesterol skeleton.
• a diamine that does not contain an amide bond at the connecting position between the diamine and the side chain can also be used.
• a liquid crystal alignment agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film or a liquid crystal display element capable of ensuring a high voltage retention rate for a long period of time even by using a diamine component having a cholesterol skeleton and not containing diamine. it can.
• the diamines having side chain structures represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3] are represented by the following formulas [1-S1] to [1-S3], respectively.
• a diamine having a two-side chain type specific side chain structure exhibiting vertical orientation is represented by, for example, the following formula [N1].
• X is a single bond, -O-, -C (CH 3 ) 2- , -NH-, -CO-, -NHCO-, -COO-,-(CH 2 ) m- , Represents a divalent organic group consisting of -SO 2- or any combination thereof.
• X is preferably single bond, —O—, —NH—, or —O— (CH 2 ) m ⁇ O ⁇ . Examples of "any combination thereof” are -O- (CH 2 ) m- O-, -OC (CH 3 ) 2- , -CO- (CH 2 ) m-, -NH- (CH).
• m represents an integer from 1 to 8.
• the two Ys independently represent monovalent groups selected from the side chain structures represented by the above formulas [S1] to [S3].
• Y may be in the meta position or the ortho position from the position of X, but the ortho position is preferable. That is, the above formula [N1] is preferably the following formula [1'].
• the positions of the two amino groups (-NH 2) may be any positions on the benzene ring, but the following formulas [1] -a1 to [1] -a3 can be used.
• the position represented is preferable, and the following formula [1] -a1 is more preferable.
• X is the same as in the above formula [N1].
• the following formulas [1] -a1 to [1] -a3 explain the positions of the two amino groups, and the notation of Y represented in the above formula [N1] is omitted.
• the above equation [N1] consists of the following equations [1] -a1-1 to [1] -a3-2. Any structure selected from the group is preferable, and the structure represented by the following formula [1] -a1-1 is more preferable. In the following formulas, X and Y are the same as in the formula [N1], respectively.
• the diamine component of the present embodiment may contain a diamine having a photoreactive side chain as another diamine.
• the photoreactive side chain can be introduced into a specific polymer or another polymer.
• Specific examples of the diamine having a photoreactive side chain include, but are not limited to, those described in paragraphs [0124] to [0132] of Republished Patent Publication No. 2016/140328.
• Diamines having these photoreactive side chains can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
• one type alone or two or more types are mixed. It may be used, or when two or more kinds are mixed and used, the ratio and the like may be appropriately adjusted.
• the photoreactive side chain diamine is preferably 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 10 to 60 mol% of the total diamine component.
• Diamines other than the above> The other diamines that may be contained in the diamine component for obtaining the specific polymer are not limited to the diamines having the photoreactive side chain and the like.
• a diamine other than the above-mentioned diamine can be used in combination as a diamine component.
• those described in paragraph [0135] of Republished Patent Publication No. WO2016 / 140328 can be mentioned.
• Diamines with photoorienting groups such as 4,4'-diaminoazobenzene or diaminotran; 4,4'-diaminodiphenylamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethylamine, 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diamino Phenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol; 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2, Diamines having carboxyl groups such as 5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid and amines represented by the following formulas (3b-1) to (3b-4); 4- (2- (methylamino) Ethyl) aniline, 1- (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethyl-1H-indan-5-amine, 1- (4-
• a 1 is a single bond, -CH 2 -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - CF 2 -, - C (CF 3) 2 -, -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N (CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2- , -COO-, -OCO-, -CON ( CH 3 )-or -N (CH 3 ) CO-, m1 and m2 independently represent integers 0-4, and m1 + m2 represent integers 1-4. Equation (3b-2).
• a 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
• m5 represents 1 to 5 in an integer of 1 to 5, respectively.
• a 3 and a 4 are each independently a single bond, -CH 2 -, - C 2 H 4 -, - C (CH 3) 2 -, - CF 2- , -C (CF 3 ) 2- , -O-, -CO-, -NH-, -N (CH 3 )-, -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2- , -COO -, - OCO -, - CON (CH 3) - or -N (CH 3) CO- indicates, m6 is an integer of 1 to 4).
• the above other diamines may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the characteristics such as liquid crystal orientation, pretilt angle, voltage holding characteristic, and accumulated charge when the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
• the diamine constituting the polyimide (A) in the present invention should not be a diamine having a side chain group having 6 or more carbon atoms. Is preferable. Examples of the diamine having a side chain group having 6 or more carbon atoms include the diamine having the specific side chain structure and the diamine having the bilateral specific side chain structure exhibiting the vertical orientation.
• the polyimide of the present invention is obtained by imidizing a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of the above diamine and a tetracarboxylic acid component.
• the tetracarboxylic dian component for obtaining the polyimide of the present invention includes a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula [3] or a derivative thereof (tetracarboxylic acid, tetracarboxylic dianlide, tetracarboxylic dianalkyl ester, etc.).
• tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide (collectively referred to as specific tetracarboxylic acid) can be used.
• X 1 is selected from any of the following formulas (B-1) to (B-20). In particular, X 1 is (B-1), (B-2), ( It is preferably any of B-3).
• j and k are integers of 0 or 1
• a 1 and A 2 are independent, single bond, -O-, -CO-, -COO-, phenylene, sulfonyl, or amide, respectively.
• the two A 2s may be the same or different from each other.
• Specific examples of the specific tetracarboxylic dians include the following, 2,3,3', 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the like.
• 2,2', 3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride , 3,3', 4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride can be mentioned.
• the specific tetracarboxylic acid is preferably 50 to 100 mol% out of 100 mol% of all tetracarboxylic acid components. Of these, 70 to 100 mol% is more preferable. More preferably, it is 80 to 100 mol%.
• One type of specific tetracarboxylic acid is used depending on the solubility of the specific polymer in the solvent, the coatability of the liquid crystal alignment agent, the orientation of the liquid crystal when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the voltage retention rate, the accumulated charge, and the like. Alternatively, two or more types can be mixed and used.
• a tetracarboxylic acid other than the above-mentioned specific tetracarboxylic acid (hereinafter, also referred to as other tetracarboxylic acid) may be contained.
• other tetracarboxylic acids include the following tetracarboxylic acid compounds, tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, tetracarboxylic dianhydride compounds, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester compounds and tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalide compounds.
• 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride
• 1,2,5,6- Anthranetetracarboxylic dianhydride bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) methane dianhydride, 2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propane dianhydride, 1,1,1,3 3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) propanedianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) dimethylsilanedianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) Phenyl) diphenylsilane dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-pyridinetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,6-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) pyridine dianhydride, 3,4,9,10 Examples thereof
• tetracarboxylic dians are one type depending on the solubility of the specific polymer in the solvent, the coatability of the liquid crystal alignment agent, the liquid crystal orientation when the liquid crystal alignment film is used, the voltage retention rate, the accumulated charge, and the like. Alternatively, two or more types can be mixed and used.
• the polyimide of the present invention can be obtained by a method of reacting the diamine component described above with a tetracarboxylic acid component.
• a diamine component composed of one or more kinds of diamines and at least one tetracarboxylic acid component selected from the group consisting of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a derivative of the tetracarboxylic acid thereof are used.
• examples thereof include a method of reacting to obtain a polyamic acid.
• a method is used in which a primary or secondary diamine and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride are polycondensed to obtain a polyamic acid.
• a method of polycondensing a tetracarboxylic acid obtained by dialkyl esterifying a carboxylic acid group with a primary or secondary diamine, or a tetracarboxylic acid dihalide obtained by halogenating a carboxylic acid group A method of polycondensing with a primary or secondary diamine, or a method of converting the carboxy group of a polyamic acid into an ester is used.
• a method of ring-closing the above-mentioned polyamic acid or polyamic acid alkyl ester to form a polyimide is used.
• the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component is usually carried out in a solvent.
• the solvent used at that time is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the produced polyimide precursor.
• solvents here include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and 1,3-.
• Examples thereof include dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
• the polyimide precursor When the polyimide precursor has high solvent solubility, it is represented by methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone or the following formulas [D-1] to [D-3].
• a solvent or the like can be used.
• D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
• D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• solvents can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. Even if the solvent does not dissolve the polyimide precursor, it may be mixed with the above solvent and used as long as the produced polyimide precursor does not precipitate. Further, since the water content in the solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes the produced polyimide precursor to be hydrolyzed, it is preferable to use a solvent that has been dehydrated and dried.
• the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved as it is or in the solvent.
• examples thereof include a method of adding, a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic acid component is dispersed or dissolved in a solvent, a method of alternately adding a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component, and any of these. You may use the method of.
• a plurality of diamine components or tetracarboxylic acid components When a plurality of diamine components or tetracarboxylic acid components are used for reaction, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be reacted individually in sequence, or may be reacted individually, and are low molecular weight compounds. May be mixed and reacted to form a polymer.
• the temperature at which the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic acid component are polycondensed can be selected from any temperature of ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., but is preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 to 100 ° C.
• the reaction can be carried out at an arbitrary concentration, but if the concentration is too low, it becomes difficult to obtain a polymer having a high molecular weight, and if the concentration is too high, the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring becomes difficult. .. Therefore, it is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
• the initial reaction can be carried out at a high concentration and then the solvent can be added.
• the ratio of the total number of moles of the diamine component to the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic acid component is preferably 0.8 to 1.2. Similar to a normal polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the larger the molecular weight of the polyimide precursor produced.
• the polyimide is a polyimide obtained by ring-closing the above-mentioned polyimide precursor.
• the ring closure rate (also referred to as imidization rate) of the amic acid group does not necessarily have to be 100%, and the polyimide does not necessarily have to be 100%. It can be adjusted arbitrarily according to it.
• the imidization rate of the polyimide which is the specific polymer used in the present invention, is preferably 20 to 100%, more preferably 50 to 99%, still more preferably 70 to 95% from the viewpoint of reducing the occurrence rate of display defects. is there.
• Examples of the method for imidizing the polyimide precursor include thermal imidization in which the solution of the polyimide precursor is heated as it is, or catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the solution of the polyimide precursor.
• the temperature at which the polyimide precursor is thermally imidized in the solution is 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C., and a method is preferable in which water generated by the imidization reaction is removed from the system.
• the catalytic imidization of the polyimide precursor can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to the solution of the polyimide precursor and stirring at ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
• the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times, that of the amic acid group, and the amount of acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 3 times that of the amic acid group. It is 30 mol times.
• the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for advancing the reaction.
• the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and the like. In particular, acetic anhydride is preferable because it facilitates purification after the reaction is completed.
• the imidization rate by catalytic imidization can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time.
• the reaction solution may be added to a solvent to precipitate.
• the solvent used for precipitation include methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, benzene, water and the like.
• the polymer which has been put into a solvent and precipitated can be dried under normal pressure or reduced pressure, at normal temperature or by heating after being collected by filtration.
• the solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like. It is preferable to use three or more kinds of solvents selected from these because the purification efficiency is further increased.
• a terminal-modified polymer may be synthesized by using an appropriate terminal modifier together with the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component and the diamine component as described above.
• the terminal-modified polymer has the effects of improving the film hardness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the coating film and improving the adhesion characteristics between the sealant and the liquid crystal alignment film.
• the polyimide precursor and the terminal of the polyimide in the present invention include an amino group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, an isocyanate group, a thioisocyanate group, or a derivative thereof.
• the amino group, carboxyl group, acid anhydride group, isocyanate group and thioisocyanate can be obtained by a usual condensation reaction, and the above derivative can be obtained by modifying the terminal with, for example, the following terminal modifier.
• terminal modifier examples include acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nagic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, and the following formula (m).
• Dicarbonate diester compounds such as di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and diallyl dicarbonate; chlorocarbonyl compounds such as acryloyl chloride, methacryloyl chloride and nicotinic acid chloride; aniline, 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol, 4-aminosalicylic acid, 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine, n-heptylamine, Monoamine compounds such as n-octylamine; monoisocyanate compounds such as ethyl isocyanate, phenylisocyanate and naphthylisocyanate; thioisocyanate compounds such as ethylisothiocianate and allylisothio
• the ratio of the terminal modifier used is preferably 0.01 to 20 mol parts, more preferably 0.01 to 10 mol parts, based on 100 mol parts of the total diamine component used.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains the above-mentioned polyimide (referred to as a specific polymer), but may contain two or more kinds of polymers having different structures. Further, in addition to the polymer, other polymers may be contained.
• the types of polymers include polyamic acid, polyimide, polyamic acid ester, polyester, polyamide, polyurea, polyorganosiloxane, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene or its derivative, poly (styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivative, and poly (meth) acrylate. And so on.
• the ratio of the specific polymer to the total polymer components is preferably 5% by mass or more, and examples thereof include 5 to 95% by mass.
• the other polymers are preferably a polyamic acid that does not contain an imide ring structure or a polyamic acid ester that does not contain an imide ring structure (hereinafter, also referred to as a polyimide precursor (pa)) from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation. ..
• Examples of the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component for obtaining the polyimide precursor (pa) include an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or these.
• Specific examples of the acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, the alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include the tetracarboxylic dianhydride exemplified in the above-mentioned specific polymer. The derivative is mentioned.
• the preferable tetracarboxylic acid derivative component the compound represented by the above formula [3] or a derivative thereof is preferable.
• the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component one kind of tetracarboxylic dianhydride or a derivative thereof may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
• X 1 in the formula [3] is represented by the above formulas (B-1) to (B-8) and (B-13) to (B-13).
• Examples thereof include tetracarboxylic dianhydrides represented by the formula [3] selected from (B-20) or derivatives thereof.
• the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the above formula [3] or a derivative thereof is 1 to 1 to 1 mol of the total tetracarboxylic acid derivative component used for the synthesis of the polyimide precursor (pa). 100 mol% is preferable, 5 to 100 mol% is more preferable, and 10 to 100 mol% is further preferable.
• Examples of the diamine component for obtaining the polyimide precursor (pa) include the diamine component exemplified in the above-mentioned specific polymer.
• a diamine having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a urea bond, an amide bond, a carboxy group and a hydroxy group in the molecule hereinafter, also referred to as a diamine (b1)
• a secondary amino group hereinafter, also referred to as a second group.
• the diamine component one kind of diamine may be used alone, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
• the total preferable amount of the diamines (b1) and (b2) used is 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 10 based on the total amount of the diamine components for producing the polyimide precursor (pa). It is ⁇ 90 mol%, more preferably 20-80 mol%.
• the polyimide precursor (pa) may be composed of one component or two or more components of the polyimide precursor.
• a more preferable specific embodiment of the polyimide precursor (pa) is a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of a diamine component containing the diamine (b1) and the diamine (b2) and a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component. Selected from the group consisting of at least one polymer selected from the group (hereinafter, also referred to as a copolymer), the diamine component containing the diamine (b1), and the polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component.
• a mixture with a polyimide precursor (pa-p2) (hereinafter, also referred to as a polymer blend) can be mentioned.
• the above-mentioned copolymer or polymer blend may be used alone or in combination.
• the preferable amount of diamine (b1) used is 30 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, based on the total amount of the diamine component for producing the polyimide precursor (pa). %, More preferably 50-100 mol%.
• the preferable amount of diamine (b2) used is 30 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, based on the total amount of the diamine component for producing the polyimide precursor (pa). %, More preferably 50-100 mol%.
• the preferable amounts of diamine (b1) and diamine (b2) used are the total amount of the diamine component for producing the polyimide precursor (pa-p1) and the polyimide precursor (pa-p2), respectively. On the other hand, it is 20 to 100 mol%. A more preferable amount of the diamine (b1) is 20 to 90 mol%, more preferably 20 to 80 mol%, based on the total amount of the diamine component for producing the polyimide precursor (pa-p1). .. A more preferable amount of the diamine (b2) is 20 to 80 mol%, more preferably 30 to 80 mol%, based on the total amount of the diamine component for producing the polyimide precursor (pa-p2). ..
• diamine (b1) examples include diamines represented by the above formulas [d2-10] to [d2-16], 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, and 3,5-diaminobenzyl.
• diamine (b2) examples include diamines represented by the above formulas [d2-23] to [d2-28], 4,4'-diaminodiphenylamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethylamine, and the above formula.
• Diamines represented by the formulas (z-1) to (z-18) are preferable.
• the mass ratio of the content of the polyimide precursor (pa-p1) to the content of the polyimide precursor (pa-p2) is preferably 5/95 to 95/5, more preferably 10/90 to It is 90/10.
• the content ratio of the specific polymer polyimide and the polyimide precursor (pa) is 5 in terms of the mass ratio of [specific polymer polyimide] / [polyimide precursor (pa)]. It may be / 95 to 95/5, 20/80 to 90/10, or 20/80 to 80/20.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent generally takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is also preferably a coating liquid containing the above-mentioned polymer component and an organic solvent for dissolving the polymer component.
• the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal alignment agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed. From the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, 1% by mass or more is preferable, and from the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, 10% by mass or less is preferable. A particularly preferable concentration of the polymer is 2 to 8% by mass.
• the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent contains the butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate of (B), but also contains another organic solvent in which the polymer component is uniformly dissolved.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate as a poor solvent, so that it has excellent liquid-liquid bonding properties and good coating film properties, and can be used stably for a long period of time even in an inkjet method. It becomes.
• the content of butyl cellosolve is preferably 5 to 20% by mass with respect to the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent, and the content of butyl cellosolve acetate is preferably relative to the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent. It is 5 to 20% by mass.
• the total amount of butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 12% by mass or more, and more preferably 15% by mass or more, based on the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent. Is more preferable.
• the other organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polymer component.
• Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethyllactoamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -.
• the solvent (C1) is, among others, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropaneamide, 3-butoxy-N, N-. It is preferable to use dimethylpropanamide, N, N-dimethyllactoamide, and 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
• the content of the solvent (C1) is preferably 60 to 90% by mass, more preferably 60 to 88% by mass, and particularly preferably 60 to 85% of the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent. It is mass%.
• the solvent (C2) is, among others, diisobutylcarbinol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-. Pentanone or diisobutyl ketone is preferred.
• the content of the solvent (C2) is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, preferably 5 to 20% by mass, based on the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent. When the solvent (C1) and the solvent (C2) are contained, the total content of the solvent (C1) and the solvent (C2) is 60 to 90% by mass with respect to the total organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is preferable, 60 to 88% by mass is more preferable, and 60 to 85% by mass is particularly preferable.
• organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention in addition to the above solvent, a solvent that improves the coatability when applying the liquid crystal alignment agent and the surface smoothness of the coating film can also be used.
• organic solvent include those described in paragraph [0177] of Republished Patent Publication No. WO2016 / 140328A.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may additionally contain components other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
• additional components include an adhesion aid for increasing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate, the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealing material, a cross-linking agent for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal. Examples thereof include a dielectric and a conductive substance for adjusting the dielectric constant and electric resistance of the alignment film.
• Specific examples of these additional components include antisolvents and crosslinkable compounds disclosed in paragraph 53 [0104] to paragraph 60 [0116] of International Publication No. 2015/060357.
• the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention includes polymers other than the specific polymers described in the present invention, dielectrics for which the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal alignment film is changed, and liquid crystal alignment films.
• An imidization accelerator or the like for the purpose of efficiently advancing imidization by heating may be contained.
• Examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound.
• Specific examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N- (2).
• an oxylanyl group, an oxetanyl group, a protected isocyanate group, a protected isothiocyanate group, a group containing an oxazoline ring structure, a group containing a meldric acid structure, a cyclocarbonate group and a hydroxyalkylamide group A compound having two or more groups of at least one selected from the group consisting of (hereinafter, also referred to as a compound having two or more specific crosslinkable groups) or 2,2-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5).
• crosslinkable compound such as a phenol compound such as dihydroxymethylphenyl) propane or tetra (methoxymethyl) bisphenol may be added.
• crosslinkable compounds are preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent.
• Examples of the compound having two or more of the specific crosslinkable groups include the following compounds.
• the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained from the above liquid crystal alignment agent.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is particularly suitable for the IPS method and the FFS method in which liquid crystal molecules oriented horizontally with respect to the substrate are responded by an electric field, the voltage retention rate is excellent, and the accumulated charge is quickly relaxed. It is possible to provide a liquid crystal alignment film and a liquid crystal display element having excellent afterimage characteristics.
• the substrate to which the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used together with the glass substrate and the silicon nitride substrate. At that time, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is formed from the viewpoint of simplifying the process. Further, in the reflective liquid crystal display element, if only one side of the substrate is used, an opaque object such as a silicon wafer can be used, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can also be used for the electrode.
• the method of applying the liquid crystal alignment agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, inkjet method, etc. are common. Other coating methods include a dip method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method, a spray method, and the like, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
• the solvent is evaporated and fired by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven, or an IR (infrared) type oven. Any temperature and time can be selected for the drying and firing steps after applying the liquid crystal alignment agent.
• the drying step is not always required, it is preferable to perform the drying step when the time from coating to firing is not constant for each substrate or when firing is not performed immediately after coating.
• the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to the extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by the transportation of the substrate or the like, and the drying means thereof is not particularly limited.
• a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 to 150 ° C., preferably 60 to 100 ° C. for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes can be mentioned.
• liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention when used, especially when it is applied by the inkjet method, by containing butyl cellosolve and butyl cellosolve acetate as poor solvents, a liquid composed of a polyimide solution even if a standby shot is carried out for a long period of time. Is suppressed from adhering to the surface of the inkjet head, so that stable ejection is possible without depositing on the head.
• the firing temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal alignment agent is not limited, and is, for example, 100 to 350 ° C, preferably 120 to 300 ° C, and more preferably 150 to 250 ° C.
• the firing time is 5 to 240 minutes, preferably 10 to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 to 90 minutes.
• the heating can be performed by a generally known method, for example, a hot plate, a hot air circulation furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
• the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is particularly useful as a liquid crystal alignment film for IPS-type or FFS-type liquid crystal display elements.
• the liquid crystal display element can produce a liquid crystal cell by a known method after forming a liquid crystal alignment film on a substrate by the above method.
• the liquid crystal display element the above-mentioned two substrates arranged so as to face each other, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and a liquid crystal aligning agent provided between the substrates and the liquid crystal layer.
• It is a horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display element including a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal alignment film.
• a liquid crystal alignment agent is applied onto two substrates and fired, and then the liquid crystal alignment film is subjected to a rubbing treatment, a photo-alignment treatment, or the like, and is not an alignment treatment for vertical alignment applications.
• a rubbing treatment e.g., a photo-alignment treatment
• a photo-alignment treatment e.g., a photo-alignment treatment
• Two substrates are arranged so that these liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal is sandwiched between the two substrates, that is, the liquid crystal layer is provided in contact with the liquid crystal alignment film.
• This is a horizontally oriented liquid crystal display element including a liquid crystal cell produced by the above.
• the substrate of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed.
• a transparent glass substrate is prepared, and a common electrode is provided on one substrate and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
• These electrodes can be, for example, ITO electrodes and are patterned so as to display a desired image.
• an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrode.
• the insulating film can be, for example, a film of SiO 2- TiO 2 formed by the sol-gel method.
• an element such as a transistor is used between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate.
• a transmissive liquid crystal display element it is common to use a substrate as described above, but in a reflective liquid crystal display element, an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used if only one side of the substrate is used. It is possible. At that time, a material such as aluminum that reflects light can be used for the electrodes formed on the substrate.
• the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited, and the liquid crystal material used in the conventional horizontal orientation method, for example, a positive liquid crystal such as MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck or MLC-made by the same company. A negative type liquid crystal such as 7026-100 can be used. Further, in the PSA mode, for example, a liquid crystal containing a polymerizable compound as represented by the following formula can be used.
• a known method can be mentioned.
• a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and spacers such as beads are sprayed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate so that the surface on the side on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is on the inside.
• Another method is to bond the other substrate and inject the liquid crystal under reduced pressure to seal it.
• a pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, spacers such as beads are sprayed on the liquid crystal alignment film of one substrate, and then the liquid crystal is dropped, and then the surface on the side where the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.
• a liquid crystal cell can also be produced by a method in which the other substrate is bonded and sealed so that the surface is on the inside.
• the thickness of the spacer is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
• an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer by applying a voltage between electrodes installed on a substrate. Is applied, and an ultraviolet ray is irradiated while maintaining this electric field.
• the voltage applied between the electrodes is, for example, 5 to 30 Vpp, preferably 5 to 20 Vpp.
• the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is, for example, 1 to 60 J / cm 2 , preferably 40 J / cm 2 or less, and the smaller the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the more the deterioration of reliability caused by the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed. Moreover, it is preferable because the production efficiency can be improved by reducing the ultraviolet irradiation time.
• the polymerizable compound reacts to form a polymer, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted is memorized by this polymer. , The response speed of the obtained liquid crystal display element can be increased. Further, when ultraviolet rays are applied to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer while applying a voltage, a polyimide precursor having a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal and a photoreactive side chain, and the polyimide precursor are imide.
• the liquid crystal display element obtained can be obtained.
• the response speed can be increased.
• the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal display element of the present invention are not limited to the above configurations and manufacturing methods as long as the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is used, and are manufactured by other known methods. There may be.
• the steps from obtaining a liquid crystal display element from a liquid crystal alignment agent are disclosed, for example, in paragraphs [0074] to 19 of paragraphs [0074] to page 19 of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-135393.
• the polymerizable compound is polymerized, and the photoreactive side chains or the photoreactive side chain of the polymer are reacted with the polymerizable compound.
• the orientation of the liquid crystal is efficiently fixed, and the liquid crystal display element has an excellent response speed.
• s-1 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (organic solvent)
• NMP N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
• GBL ⁇ -Butyrolactone
• BCS Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
• BCA Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate
• DME Dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether
• PB Propylene glycol monobutyl ether
• PA-I polyamic acid solution
• PA-I polyamic acid solution
• the obtained reaction solution was added to methanol in an amount 3.5 times the mass of the reaction solution with stirring, and the precipitated precipitate was filtered, followed by washing with methanol three times.
• the obtained resin powder was vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a polyimide (SPI1-1) powder.
• the imidization ratio of this polyimide resin powder was 75%.
• NMP was added to the obtained polyimide (SPI1-1) so that the solid content concentration was 15% by mass, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 15 hours to prepare a solution of the polyimide (SPI1-1) having a solid content concentration of 15% by mass. Obtained.
• ⁇ Synthesis example 2 > 4.18 g (10.5 mmol) of DA-2, 2.92 g (5.2 mmol) of DA-3, and 5.63 g (5.63 g) of DA-5 in a four-necked flask with a stirrer and a nitrogen inlet tube. 19.3 mmol) Weighed, NMP was added to a solid content concentration of 19% by mass, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved while feeding nitrogen. While stirring this diamine solution, 4.51 g (22.7 mmol) of CA-5 was added, and NMP was further added so that the solid content concentration became 20% by mass. After stirring at 50 ° C.
• PA-II polyamic acid solution
• PA-II polyamic acid solution
• the obtained resin powder was vacuum dried at 80 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a polyimide (SPI1-2) powder.
• the imidization rate of this polyimide resin powder was 95%.
• NMP was added to the obtained polyimide (SPI1-2) so that the solid content concentration was 15% by mass, and the mixture was stirred at 70 ° C. for 15 hours to prepare a solution of the polyimide (SPI1-2) having a solid content concentration of 15% by mass. Obtained.
• PAA2-1 polyamic acid solution
• ⁇ Synthesis example 6> 7.45 g (26.0 mmol) of DA-8 is weighed in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, 60.2 g of NMP is added so that the solid content concentration becomes 11% by mass, and nitrogen is added. Was stirred and dissolved while feeding. While stirring this diamine solution under water cooling, 5.16 g (23.6 mmol) of CA-3 and NMP were added so that the solid content concentration was 12%, and this polymerization solution was stirred at 50 ° C. for 15 hours to obtain a polyamide. An acid solution (PAA2-4) was obtained.
• PAA2-5 polyamic acid
• liquid crystal alignment agents (1) to (15) obtained above were filtered through a filter having a pore size of 1.0 ⁇ m, and then filled in an inkjet printing machine (manufactured by Ishii Notation, IP-1212NC1180L) to perform various evaluations.
• the obtained substrate with a film was visually observed and observed with an optical microscope (manufactured by Nikon, ECLIPSE L300ND). If a uniform film was formed, it was defined as “good”, and if unevenness or streaks were observed, it was defined as “poor” and evaluated.
• Standby shot is a process of periodically injecting liquid to prevent nozzle clogging.
• Table 2 below shows the evaluation results of the liquid crystal alignment agents of Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 as described above.
• the liquid crystal alignment agents of Comparative Examples 2 and 5 were “poor” due to scaly unevenness due to insufficient binding between the liquids. Further, in the evaluation of the discharge stability of the liquid crystal aligning agents of Comparative Examples 1, 3, 4, and 6, liquid leakage and precipitates were observed on the head after a long standby shot, and streaks along the scanning direction were observed. It was "bad”. Leakage was observed in the liquid crystal aligning agent of Comparative Example 7, but no precipitate was observed and no streaks or unevenness were confirmed. On the other hand, in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the example, no streaks or unevenness were observed in either the initial stage or after the long-term standby shot, and no liquid leakage or precipitate was observed on the head surface.
• Example 3 With respect to the liquid crystal alignment agents of Example 3 and Comparative Examples 4, 5 and 6, the lengths of the polyimide films on the substrate obtained in the above evaluation of the initial coatability were measured in the vertical and horizontal directions. Further, 65 mm in the vertical direction of the scan and 75 mm in the horizontal direction were subtracted from the length measurement values, and the average value was calculated as the wet spread of the liquid from the coating area. That is, the smaller this value is, the better the dimensional stability is. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3 below.
• Example 3 had a small spread and good dimensional stability as in Comparative Examples 4 to 6.
• the liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1 to 8 were able to produce a liquid crystal display element having no alignment defect by a known method.

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