WO2021082575A1 - 一种报文转发方法、设备、存储介质及系统 - Google Patents

一种报文转发方法、设备、存储介质及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021082575A1
WO2021082575A1 PCT/CN2020/106479 CN2020106479W WO2021082575A1 WO 2021082575 A1 WO2021082575 A1 WO 2021082575A1 CN 2020106479 W CN2020106479 W CN 2020106479W WO 2021082575 A1 WO2021082575 A1 WO 2021082575A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
identifier
path
forwarding
message
control message
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PCT/CN2020/106479
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴红
曹瑞卿
朱建波
孟坤
王海波
洪文祥
刘毅
张煌斌
刘长魁
卢春辉
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP20880577.0A priority Critical patent/EP4037265A4/en
Publication of WO2021082575A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021082575A1/zh
Priority to US17/731,878 priority patent/US20220255862A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/24—Multipath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/22—Alternate routing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/50—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communications, and a message forwarding method, device, storage medium and system.
  • the network device In modern network applications, more and more refined management, for example, users expect that some services can be forwarded in a designated transmission path. For example, users hope that all voice-related services can be forwarded on a designated forwarding path with low latency.
  • the network device When there are multiple forwarding paths between two devices on the transmission network, the network device usually selects the forwarding path with a lower forwarding cost (cost) for forwarding.
  • cost forwarding cost
  • the forwarding path with the lower cost is congested, or the delay is too high to meet the needs of the service
  • Complicated configuration may even need to configure each device on the forwarding path, and user operations are cumbersome.
  • the present application provides a method and device for message forwarding, which are used to enable different service data messages to be forwarded according to different designated forwarding paths, reduce configuration complexity and simple operation.
  • a message forwarding method including: multiple forwarding paths exist between a first device and a second device, the first device obtains a control message, and the control message includes a matching condition and path parameters,
  • the path parameter includes an address identifier and a path feature identifier, the address identifier is the identifier of the second device, and the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths;
  • the first device receives the first Message; the first device determines that the forwarding path of the first message passes through the second device; when the first device determines that the feature of the first message meets the matching condition, the first device A device sends the first packet to the second device along the one forwarding path.
  • a definite forwarding path can be designated for the data message instead of forwarding according to the default low-cost forwarding path.
  • a forwarding path can be specified definitely without complicated configuration.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a performance identifier, and the performance identifier indicates that the one forwarding path meets the performance requirement of the performance identifier.
  • the performance requirements that the data service forwarding path needs to meet can be further specified, and the complexity of multiple configurations can be reduced.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a path identifier
  • the path identifier includes a binding segment identifier or a multi-protocol label switching tunnel identifier.
  • the forwarding path of the data service can be clearly specified, and the configuration is simple.
  • control message is border gateway protocol flow rule information.
  • the control message adopts the Border Gateway Protocol flow rule protocol, and can use mature applied technologies, which makes the utilization rate of the scheme of the present invention higher.
  • the matching condition includes one or more of the following: destination address prefix, source address prefix, Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type , International Message Control Protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification.
  • the path feature identifier is carried in the color extended community attribute of the control message.
  • the address identifier is carried in the redirection extended community attribute of the control message.
  • a message forwarding method including: there are multiple forwarding paths between a first device and a second device, and a management device sends a control message to the first device, the control message including matching conditions and path parameters ,
  • the path parameter includes an address identifier and a path characteristic identifier, the address identifier is the identifier of the second device, the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths;
  • the control message indicates the When the first device receives a packet whose forwarding path passes through the second device, and the packet meets the matching condition, delay the one forwarding path to send the first packet to the second device.
  • a definite forwarding path can be designated for the data message instead of forwarding according to the default low-cost forwarding path.
  • a forwarding path can be specified definitely without complicated configuration.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a performance identifier, and the performance identifier indicates that the one forwarding path meets the performance requirement of the performance identifier.
  • the performance requirements that the data service forwarding path needs to meet can be further specified, and the complexity of multiple configurations can be reduced.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a path identifier
  • the path identifier includes a binding segment identifier or a multi-protocol label switching tunnel identifier.
  • the forwarding path of the data service can be clearly specified, and the configuration is simple.
  • control message is border gateway protocol flow rule information.
  • the control message adopts the Border Gateway Protocol flow rule protocol, and can use mature applied technologies, which makes the utilization rate of the scheme of the present invention higher.
  • the matching condition includes one or more of the following: destination address prefix, source address prefix, Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type , International Message Control Protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification.
  • the path feature identifier is carried in the color extended community attribute of the control message.
  • the address identifier is carried in the redirection extended community attribute of the control message.
  • a first device is provided. There are multiple forwarding paths between the first device and the second device, including: a receiving unit configured to obtain a control message, the control message including a matching condition and path parameters, so The path parameter includes an address identifier and a path characteristic identifier, the address identifier is the identifier of the second device, and the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths; the receiving unit is further configured to receive A first message; a processing unit, configured to determine that the forwarding path of the first message passes through the second device; a sending unit, when the first device determines that the feature of the first message meets the matching condition When, it is used to send the first packet to the second device along the one forwarding path.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a performance identifier, and the performance identifier indicates that the one forwarding path meets the performance requirement of the performance identifier.
  • the performance requirements that the data service forwarding path needs to meet can be further specified, and the complexity of multiple configurations can be reduced.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a path identifier
  • the path identifier includes a binding segment identifier or a multi-protocol label switching tunnel identifier.
  • the forwarding path of the data service can be clearly specified, and the configuration is simple.
  • control message is border gateway protocol flow rule information.
  • the control message adopts the Border Gateway Protocol flow rule protocol, and can use mature applied technologies, which makes the utilization rate of the scheme of the present invention higher.
  • the matching condition includes one or more of the following: destination address prefix, source address prefix, Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type , International Message Control Protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification.
  • the path feature identifier is carried in the color extended community attribute of the control message.
  • the address identifier is carried in the redirection extended community attribute of the control message.
  • a first device There are multiple forwarding paths between the first device and the second device.
  • the first device includes: a communication interface for obtaining a control message, the control message including a matching condition And path parameters, where the path parameters include an address identifier and a path feature identifier, the address identifier is the identifier of the second device, and the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths; the communication interface , Is also used to receive a first message; a processor, used to determine that the forwarding path of the first message passes through the second device; the communication interface, when the first device determines that the first message When the characteristic of satisfies the matching condition, it is used to send the first packet to the second device along the one forwarding path.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a performance identifier, and the performance identifier indicates that the one forwarding path meets the performance requirement of the performance identifier.
  • the performance requirements that the data service forwarding path needs to meet can be further specified, and the complexity of multiple configurations can be reduced.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a path identifier
  • the path identifier includes a binding segment identifier or a multi-protocol label switching tunnel identifier.
  • the forwarding path of the data service can be clearly specified, and the configuration is simple.
  • control message is border gateway protocol flow rule information.
  • the control message adopts the Border Gateway Protocol flow rule protocol, and can use mature applied technologies, which makes the utilization rate of the scheme of the present invention higher.
  • the matching condition includes one or more of the following: destination address prefix, source address prefix, Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type , International Message Control Protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification.
  • the path feature identifier is carried in the color extended community attribute of the control message.
  • the address identifier is carried in the redirection extended community attribute of the control message.
  • a management device including: a sending unit, configured to send a control message to a first device.
  • the control message includes a matching condition and a path.
  • the path parameter includes an address identifier and a path feature identifier, the address identifier is the identifier of the second device, the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths; the control message indicates that the When the first device receives a packet whose forwarding path passes through the second device, and the packet meets the matching condition, delay the one forwarding path to send the first packet to the second device.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a performance identifier, and the performance identifier indicates that the one forwarding path meets the performance requirement of the performance identifier.
  • the performance requirements that the data service forwarding path needs to meet can be further specified, and the complexity of multiple configurations can be reduced.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a path identifier
  • the path identifier includes a binding segment identifier or a multi-protocol label switching tunnel identifier.
  • the forwarding path of the data service can be clearly specified, and the configuration is simple.
  • control message is border gateway protocol flow rule information.
  • the control message adopts the Border Gateway Protocol flow rule protocol, and can use mature applied technologies, which makes the utilization rate of the scheme of the present invention higher.
  • the matching condition includes one or more of the following: destination address prefix, source address prefix, Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type , International Message Control Protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification.
  • the path feature identifier is carried in the color extended community attribute of the control message.
  • the address identifier is carried in the redirection extended community attribute of the control message.
  • a management device including: a communication interface for sending a control message to a first device, there are multiple forwarding paths between the first device and the second device, and the control message includes a matching condition and a path
  • the path parameter includes an address identifier and a path feature identifier, the address identifier is the identifier of the second device, the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths; the control message indicates that the When the first device receives a packet whose forwarding path passes through the second device, and the packet meets the matching condition, delay the one forwarding path to send the first packet to the second device.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a performance identifier, and the performance identifier indicates that the one forwarding path meets the performance requirement of the performance identifier.
  • the performance requirements that the data service forwarding path needs to meet can be further specified, and the complexity of multiple configurations can be reduced.
  • the path characteristic identifier includes a path identifier
  • the path identifier includes a binding segment identifier or a multi-protocol label switching tunnel identifier.
  • the forwarding path of the data service can be clearly specified, and the configuration is simple.
  • control message is border gateway protocol flow rule information.
  • the control message adopts the Border Gateway Protocol flow rule protocol, and can use mature applied technologies, which makes the utilization rate of the scheme of the present invention higher.
  • the matching condition includes one or more of the following: destination address prefix, source address prefix, Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type , International Message Control Protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification.
  • the path feature identifier is carried in the color extended community attribute of the control message.
  • the address identifier is carried in the redirection extended community attribute of the control message.
  • a network device in a seventh aspect, includes a main control board and an interface board, and further, may also include a switching network board.
  • the network device is used to execute the first aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the first aspect.
  • the network device includes a module for executing the method in the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • a network device in an eighth aspect, includes a main control board and an interface board, and further, may also include a switching network board.
  • the network device is used to execute the second aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • the network device includes a module for executing the second aspect or the method in any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • a network system in a ninth aspect, includes a first device and a management device, the first device is the first device provided in any one of the optional manners of the third aspect or the fourth aspect, The management device is the management device provided in any one of the optional manners of the fifth aspect or the sixth aspect described above.
  • a computer-readable storage medium is provided, and at least one instruction is stored in the storage medium.
  • the instruction is loaded and executed by a processor as described in the first aspect and any one of the optional manners of the first aspect.
  • a computer program includes a method for executing the foregoing first aspect or any one of the optional manners of the first aspect.
  • a computer program includes a method for executing the above-mentioned second aspect or any one of the optional manners of the second aspect.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario in an embodiment of the application
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a network system in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a message forwarding method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a matching condition and passed device identification provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a matching condition and path parameters provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a path parameter TLV provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an address identification TLV provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a path feature identification TLV provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a color extended community attribute provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a corresponding relationship between path parameters and path identifiers according to an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a management device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a management device provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Segment Routing is a protocol designed to forward data packets in a network based on the concept of source routing.
  • the forwarding path of the data packet is explicitly specified by inserting a set of orderly segment identifiers into the data message by the head node in the network supporting SR.
  • SR is applied to the multi-protocol label switching (Multi-Protocol Label Switching, MPLS) data plane, which is called MPLS-based segment routing (MPLS-SR or SR-MPLS), and is applied to Internet Protocol Version 6 (Internet Protocol Version 6). , IPv6) data plane, it is called segment routing based on IPv6 (SRv6).
  • MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching
  • MPLS-SR MPLS-based segment routing
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
  • IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6
  • Head Node The start node of the SR forwarding path, responsible for the encapsulation segment identification.
  • Segment ID an ID describing a segment, such as representing a node or a link.
  • SID is represented as an MPLS label
  • SRv6 SID is represented as a 128-bit value.
  • Segment ID List A list containing a group of segment IDs. After receiving a data message, the head node inserts a SID List into the data message to indicate a forwarding path.
  • Binding SID (BSID): The BSID is bound to a SID list, indicating a forwarding path. When the head node in the SR network receives a legal BSID, it will perform BSID-related operations.
  • IPv6 Segment Routing IPv6 Segment Routing, SRv6
  • the defined BSID-related operations can be: according to different BSID functions , Insert a new SRH header (End.B6.Insert), or insert a new outer IPv6 header (End.B6.Encaps) containing SRH.
  • Forwarding path In the SR network, it can be a forwarding path corresponding to the BSID, and the forwarding path corresponding to the BSID can be a forwarding path or multiple forwarding paths during actual forwarding. In an MPLS network, the forwarding path can correspond to an MPLS tunnel.
  • Border gateway protocol flow rules (Border Gateway Protocol Flow Specification, BGP Flowspec): The BGP protocol is used to publish the matching responsibilities of traffic filtering and the actions performed after the flow is matched, so that the flow matching rules and flow behaviors can be published to the network equipment, and Apply the traffic matching rules and traffic behaviors on the network device.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario of an embodiment of the application.
  • the network device 101, the network device 102, the network device 103, the network device 104, and the network device 105 belong to the same network, and the network may be an MPLS network or an SR network.
  • the network equipment 101, the network equipment 102, the network equipment 103, the network equipment 104, and the network equipment 105 may be router equipment, a switch or any other equipment with routing function, and the form of the equipment may be a physical device, or It may be a virtualized device with routing function, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the number of network devices in this application scenario may be more or less.
  • the number of the above-mentioned network devices may be dozens or hundreds, or more.
  • the embodiments of this application do not limit the number and device types of network devices.
  • the network device 101 is connected to the network device 102 and the network device 103; the network device 102 is connected to the network device 101, the network device 103 and the network device 105; the network device 103 is connected to the network device 101 and the network device 102 It is connected to the network device 104; the network device 105 is connected to the network device 102 and the network device 104.
  • the forwarding path 106 and the forwarding path 107 may be specifically two tunnels, which are respectively represented by different tunnel identifiers.
  • forwarding path 106 and forwarding path 107 can be represented by two different binding segment identifiers.
  • the segment identifier of the network device for example, 10002 is the segment identifier of the network device 102, the network device 10003 is the segment identifier of the network device 103, 10004 is the segment identifier of the network device 104, and 10005 is the segment identifier of the network device 105.
  • the binding segment identifier can be used to represent a forwarding path, for example, 10025 represents the forwarding path 106, and 10035 represents the forwarding path 107.
  • the segment identifier list corresponding to 10025 is: (10002, 10005), or the segment identifier list (10002 , 10005) represents the forwarding path 106; the segment identifier list corresponding to 10035 can be (10003), or (10003, 10005), or (10003, 10004, 10005), or directly use the above 3 segment identifier lists Identify the forwarding path 107.
  • the format of the above segment identifier and the bound segment identifier may also be an identifier conforming to the IPv6 format, or an IPv6 address is used as the corresponding segment identifier.
  • the application scenario may also include a management device.
  • the management device includes a controller, a management system, or a path calculation unit.
  • the controller, the management system, and the path calculation unit can communicate with each network via a wireless network or a wired network.
  • the devices are connected, and the controller, management system, and path calculation unit can be used to set corresponding forwarding paths for different data packets.
  • the controller, management system, and path calculation unit may be at least one of a server, multiple servers, a cloud computing platform, and a virtualization center. When there are multiple controllers, there may be at least two controllers used to provide different services, and/or there may be at least two controllers used to provide the same service, for example, to provide the same service in a load balancing manner. This is not specifically limited.
  • the network system mainly includes a management device 201, a first device 202, a second device 203, and a third device 204.
  • the management device 201 may be a controller, a path calculation unit, or a network management system.
  • the first device 202 may be the network device 101 or the network device 102 shown in FIG. 1
  • the third device 204 may be the network device 105 shown in FIG. 1
  • the second device 203 may be the network device 103 and the network device 104.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for forwarding a message according to an embodiment of the application.
  • the interaction of this method mainly includes a management device, a first device, and a second device.
  • the first device may be the head node of the forwarding path of the data packet in the segmented routing network
  • the second device may be the tail node of the forwarding path.
  • the network device 101 and the network device 105 may be the first device and the second device, respectively.
  • the method mainly includes the following steps:
  • S301 The management device obtains matching conditions and path parameters.
  • the path parameter includes an address identifier and a path characteristic identifier.
  • the address identifier is the identifier of the network device 105, and the path parameter indicates one of the multiple forwarding paths from the network device 101 to the network device 105.
  • the operation and maintenance personnel can directly configure the matching conditions and path parameters through the user interface of the management device, or the management device can obtain the matching conditions of at least one service data flow through the upper-layer business system or application, etc., as well as the device identification that it needs to pass through. After obtaining this information, the management device obtains matching conditions and corresponding path parameters in combination with information such as the topology of the network where it is located.
  • the management device When the management device receives the matching condition sent by the upper-layer service system or application and the device identification that needs to be passed, the matching condition received by the management device and the device identification that needs to be passed can be shown in FIG. 4.
  • the management device has obtained 2 pieces of information.
  • the matching condition is included: the data packet with the destination address prefix of 210.25.0.0/24, the device that needs to implement the policy It is: the first device, the device that must pass through is identified as the second device.
  • This information indicates that when the network device 101 receives a data packet with a destination address prefix of 210.25.0.0/24, and the forwarding path of the packet passes through the network device At 105, specify a forwarding path for it, for example, the forwarding path can be: a forwarding path that meets the business classification of ordinary customers.
  • the matching condition is included: a data packet with a destination address prefix of 150.58.0.0/24.
  • the device that needs to execute the policy is: the first device, and the device to pass through is identified as the second device.
  • the network device 101 When the network device 101 receives a data message with a destination address prefix of 150.58.0.0/24, and the forwarding path of the message passes through the network device 105, it specifies a forwarding path for it.
  • the forwarding path can be: Important customer (very important person, VIP), that is, the forwarding path of VIP customer business classification.
  • the management device After receiving the above information, the management device obtains the corresponding matching conditions and path parameters.
  • the matching conditions can include one or more of the following:
  • Destination address prefix Internet Protocol IP number, port number, destination port number, source port number, international message control protocol type, international message control protocol code, transmission control protocol flag, IP packet length, differentiated services code Point and shard identification.
  • Path parameters include address identifiers and path feature identifiers, where the address identifier can be the IP address of the network device passing through, for example, the IP address of the network device 105 is: 1.1.1.4, or it can be the segment identifier passing through the network device, such as 10005.
  • the path feature identifier includes a performance identifier or a path identifier, where the performance identifier can be used to indicate that the specified forwarding path meets the network performance required by the performance identifier, that is, if the performance requirement indicated by the performance identifier is met, the path identifier can be directly used to indicate The forwarding path is 10035 described above.
  • the matching conditions and path parameters obtained by the management device are shown in FIG. 5, where color is used to represent the performance identifier, and pathID is the path ID, which represents the path feature identifier.
  • the management device generates a control message, and the control message carries a matching condition and path parameters.
  • the control message may be a Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) control message, or a BGP Flowspec control message.
  • PCEP Path Computation Element Communication Protocol
  • BGP Flowspec control message instructs the network device receiving the control message to forward the data message along the forwarding path indicated by the path parameter when it receives a data message that meets the matching condition.
  • the address identifier and path feature identifier included in the path parameter in the control message can be carried in the same extended community attribute, or can be carried in different extended community attributes.
  • the matching conditions and path parameters are carried in the network layer reachability information (NLRI) of the BGP update message, and the address identifiers and path feature identifiers included in the path parameters are carried in the same type length value (type length value, TLV).
  • TLV type length value
  • the type field in the TLV indicates that the TLV is a TLV carrying path parameters, and its value can be a type value specifically applied for path parameters, such as 90.
  • the length field indicates the overall length of the TLV, the number of bits occupied, and a reserved field
  • the value of the address identification field indicates the passing device, as in 1.1.1.4 above, the value of the path feature identification field can be the value of 20 or 10025 as described above.
  • the address identifier and the path feature identifier included in the path parameter may be carried in different TLVs of the control message.
  • the TLV of the address identification can be as shown in Figure 7.
  • the type field in the TLV indicates that the TLV is a TLV carrying address identification, and its value can be a type value applied for address identification, such as 91.
  • the length field indicates the overall length of the TLV, the number of bits occupied, and a reserved field To facilitate subsequent extensions, the value of the address identification field indicates the passing device, as described in 1.1.1.4.
  • the TLV of the path feature identification can be as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the type field in the TLV indicates that the TLV is a TLV carrying a path characteristic identifier, and its value can be a type value applied for a path characteristic identifier, such as 92.
  • the length field indicates the overall length of the TLV and the number of bits occupied.
  • the reserved field is convenient for subsequent extension, and the value of the path feature identification field can be 20 or 10025 as described above.
  • the color community extended attribute is shown in Figure 9.
  • 0x03 indicates that the extended community attribute is a color extended community attribute
  • 0x0b indicates the extended community attribute.
  • the community attribute occupies 1 byte (byte), a total of 8 bits are 0, the reserved field is reserved for future use, and the color value field carries the value of the specific path feature identifier, such as the above 20.
  • S305 The management device sends the generated control message to the first device.
  • the management device may use the BGP protocol to send the control message to the first device, and may also use the PCEP protocol to send the control message to the first device.
  • S307 The first device receives the control message.
  • the first device may receive the control message through the PCEP protocol.
  • PCE path calculation element
  • the first device may receive the control message through the BGP Flowspec protocol.
  • the first device may receive the control message through a management protocol.
  • the first device After receiving the control message, the first device can save the control message in the first device for subsequent use.
  • the control message can be valid for a long time, or it can have an effective time specified.
  • S309 The first device receives the first packet, and the forwarding path of the first packet passes through the second device.
  • the method for the first device to determine that the forwarding path of the first packet passes through the second device includes but is not limited to the following three methods: 1. After receiving the first packet, the first device calculates according to the destination IP address of the first packet The next hop address for forwarding the first message is the IP address of the second device; 2. After receiving the first message, the first device calculates the destination IP address of the first message according to the destination IP address of the first message. The next hop address is the segment identifier of the second device; 3. The destination IP address of the first packet is the IP address of the second device.
  • This application does not limit the execution sequence of steps S309 and S301-S307, that is, the first device may receive the control information first, or it may receive the first message first, and then request a control message from the management device .
  • S311 The first device determines that the feature of the first packet meets the matching condition.
  • the characteristics of the first message include: the header characteristics of the first message, such as destination address, source address, IP protocol, source port number, destination port number, international message control protocol type, international message control protocol code, International message control protocol encoding, transmission control protocol marking, IP packet length, differentiated services code point and fragment identification, etc.
  • the first device determines that the feature of the first packet meets the matching condition, that is, compares the feature of the first packet with the content of the matching condition, and determines that the feature of the first packet meets the matching condition.
  • the matching condition includes the destination address prefix: 150.0.0.0/24. When the destination IP address of the first packet is 150.0.0.3, the first device determines that the feature of the first packet meets the matching condition.
  • the first device determines the path characteristic identifier corresponding to the forwarding of the first packet.
  • the destination address of the first packet is 150.0.0.3
  • S315 The first device sends the first packet to the second device on the forwarding path indicated by the path extension parameter.
  • the first device After determining the path characteristic identifier for forwarding the first packet, the first device sends the first packet to the second device along the forwarding path indicated by the path characteristic identifier.
  • the first device When the path feature identifier is a path identifier, such as a pathID, the first device directly forwards the first packet along the forwarding path corresponding to the pathID.
  • a path identifier such as a pathID
  • the first device determines the corresponding path identifier according to the address identifier and the correspondence relationship between the path feature identifier and the path identifier, and then forwards the first forwarding path along the forwarding path corresponding to the path identifier.
  • the corresponding relationship between the address identifier and the path characteristic identifier and the path identifier is shown in Figure 10.
  • the address identifier column indicates the next hop address identifier forwarded by the first device.
  • the path characteristic identifier is a color identifier here, and its values are respectively 20 or 40, corresponding to the path feature identifier being 20, the path identifier being BSID equal to 10025, or corresponding to the MPLS network, its value can be a tunnel ID, such as tunnel1; corresponding to the path feature identifier being 40 When the path identifier is BSID equal to 10035, or when it corresponds to an MPLS network, its value can be a tunnel ID, such as tunnel2.
  • the first device forwards the first packet along the forwarding path corresponding to the path identifier.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the network device 1100 can execute the method executed by the first device (network device 101) shown in FIG. 3.
  • the network device 1100 includes a receiving unit 1101, a processing unit 1102, and a sending unit 1103.
  • the receiving unit 1101 may be used to perform, for example, the related method of receiving the control message and the first message in steps S307 and S309 in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • the processing unit 1102 may be used to perform, for example, steps S311 and S313 in the embodiment of FIG. 3 to determine that the message characteristic of the first certainty meets the matching condition and the related method of determining the path characteristic identifier corresponding to the forwarding of the first message, for example.
  • the sending unit 1103 may be used to execute step S315 in the embodiment of FIG. 3, for example.
  • the first device provided in the embodiment of FIG. 11 performs the above-mentioned message forwarding
  • only the division of the above-mentioned functional units is used as an example for illustration.
  • the above-mentioned functions can be allocated according to needs. It is completed by different functional units, that is, the internal structure of the first device is divided into different functional units to complete all or part of the functions described above; or a single functional unit is used to complete the functions of the above multiple units.
  • the first device provided by the foregoing embodiment and the foregoing embodiment of the message forwarding method belong to the same concept.
  • only the steps performed by each unit of the first device are described as examples, but it does not mean that they are not. Execute other steps or optional methods in the above-mentioned embodiments. For the specific implementation process, please refer to the method embodiments for details, which will not be repeated here.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a management device provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the management device 1200 can execute the method executed by the management device shown in FIG. 3.
  • the network device 1200 includes a receiving unit 1201, a processing unit 1202, and a sending unit 1203.
  • the receiving unit 1201 may be used to execute, for example, the related method of obtaining matching conditions and path parameters in step S301 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
  • the processing unit 1202 may be used to execute, for example, the method of generating a control message in step S303 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 30.
  • the sending unit 1203 may be used to execute step S305 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, for example.
  • the management device provided in the embodiment of FIG. 12 performs the above-mentioned message forwarding method
  • only the division of the above-mentioned functional units is used as an example for illustration.
  • the above-mentioned functions can be allocated according to needs. It is completed by different functional units, that is, the internal structure of the management device is divided into different functional units to complete all or part of the functions described above; or a single functional unit is used to complete the functions of the above multiple units.
  • the management device provided in the foregoing embodiment and the foregoing message forwarding method embodiment belong to the same concept.
  • only the steps performed by each unit of the management device are described as examples, but it does not mean that it does not perform the foregoing implementation.
  • For other steps or optional methods in the example please refer to the method embodiment for the specific implementation process, which will not be repeated here.
  • the first device and the management device of the embodiment of the present application are described above, and the possible product forms of the first network device and the management device are described below. It should be understood that all products in any form that have the characteristics of the first device in FIG. 11, and all products in any form that have the characteristics of the management device in FIG. 12, fall into the protection scope of this application. It should also be understood that the following introduction is only an example, and does not limit the product form of the first device and the management device in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a first device 1300 provided by an embodiment of the present application. See the schematic diagram of the device structure shown in Figure 13.
  • the device 1300 includes a main control board and one or more interface boards, and the main control board is in communication connection with the interface board.
  • the main control board is also called the main processing unit (MPU) or route processor card (route processor card).
  • the main control board is responsible for the control and management of each component in the device 1300, including routing calculation, device management and maintenance functions .
  • the interface board is also called a line processing unit (LPU) or a line card (line card), and is used to forward data.
  • the device 1300 may also include a switching network board.
  • the switching network board is in communication connection with the main control board and the interface board.
  • the switching network board is used to forward data between the interface boards.
  • the switching network board may also be called a switching network. Board unit (switch fabric unit, SFU).
  • the interface board includes a central processing unit, a memory, a forwarding chip, and a physical interface card (PIC).
  • the central processing unit is respectively communicatively connected with the memory, the network processor and the physical interface card.
  • the memory is used to store the forwarding table.
  • the forwarding chip is used to forward the received data message based on the forwarding table stored in the memory. If the destination address of the data message is the address of the device 1300, the data message is sent to the central processing unit (CPU).
  • CPU central processing unit
  • the forwarding chip may be a network processor (NP).
  • the PIC is also called a daughter card, which can be installed on the interface board and is responsible for converting the photoelectric signal into a data message, and then forwarding the data message to the forwarding chip for processing after checking the legality of the data message.
  • the central processing unit can also perform the function of a forwarding chip, such as realizing software forwarding based on a general-purpose CPU, so that no forwarding chip is required in the interface board.
  • a forwarding chip such as realizing software forwarding based on a general-purpose CPU, so that no forwarding chip is required in the interface board.
  • the communication connection between the main control board, the interface board, and the switching network board can be realized through a bus.
  • the forwarding chip may be implemented by an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmable gate array (FPGA).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the device 1300 includes a control plane and a forwarding plane.
  • the control plane includes a main control board and a central processing unit.
  • the forwarding plane includes various components that perform forwarding, such as memory, PIC, and NP.
  • the control plane performs functions such as routers, generation of forwarding tables, processing of signaling and protocol messages, configuration and maintenance of the status of the equipment, and the control plane sends the generated forwarding tables to the forwarding plane.
  • the NP is based on the control plane’s
  • the forwarding table looks up and forwards the message received by the PIC of the device 1300.
  • the forwarding table issued by the control plane can be stored in the memory.
  • the control plane and the forwarding plane can be completely separated and not on the same device. The above process will be briefly described below in conjunction with the embodiment of FIG. 3a and FIG. 4a.
  • the first device in the network can receive the control message and the first message through the physical interface card 1333, and the central processor 1331 determines when the message feature of the first message matches the first message. If the next hop determined according to the destination IP address of the first packet is the address of the second device, the data packet is sent to the physical interface card 1333 according to the corresponding forwarding path, and the physical interface card 1333 can be used for Send the first message to the second device.
  • the first device provided by the embodiment of the present invention may correspond to the first device and the second device or the management device in the method embodiment described in FIG. 3, and can implement the functions of the first device and the management device in the above method embodiments.
  • main control boards there may be one or more main control boards, and when there are more than one, it may include the main main control board and the standby main control board.
  • the switching network board may not exist, or there may be one or more. When there are more than one, the load sharing and redundant backup can be realized together. Under the centralized forwarding architecture, the network equipment does not need to switch the network board, and the interface board undertakes the processing function of the business data of the entire system.
  • the network device can have at least one switching network board, and data exchange between multiple interface boards is realized through the switching network board, providing large-capacity data exchange and processing capabilities. Therefore, the data access and processing capabilities of network equipment with a distributed architecture are greater than those with a centralized architecture.
  • the form of the network device may also have only one board, that is, there is no switching network board, and the functions of the interface board and the main control board are integrated on the one board.
  • the central processing unit and the main control board on the interface board The central processing unit on the board can be combined into a central processing unit on this board, and perform the functions of the superposition of the two.
  • the data exchange and processing capacity of this form of equipment is low (for example, low-end switches or routers and other networks) equipment).
  • the specific architecture used depends on the specific networking deployment scenario, and there is no restriction here.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a management device 1400 provided by an embodiment of the present application. Both the management device or the first device shown in the embodiment of FIG. 3 may be implemented by the device shown in FIG. 14. Refer to the schematic diagram of the device structure shown in Figure 14.
  • the device 1400 includes at least one processor 1401, a communication bus 1402, and at least one communication interface 1404. Optionally, the device 1400 may further include a memory 1403.
  • the processor 1401 may be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits for controlling program execution of the solution of this application.
  • the processor may be used to process the received message, so as to implement the message processing method provided in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the processor may be used to generate a control message according to the obtained matching conditions and path parameters.
  • the processor may be used to generate a control message according to the obtained matching conditions and path parameters.
  • the communication bus 1402 is used to transfer information between the processor 1401, the communication interface 1404, and the memory 1403.
  • the memory 1403 can be a read-only memory (ROM), such as: electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory, CD -ROM) or other optical discs, optical disc storage (including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.). Or the memory 1403 may also be a random access memory (RAM) or other types of dynamic storage devices that can store information and instructions.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory
  • CD -ROM compact disc read-only memory
  • optical disc storage including compact discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.
  • RAM random access memory
  • the memory 1403 may exist independently, and is connected to the processor 1401 through a communication bus 1402.
  • the memory 1403 may also be integrated with the processor 1401.
  • the memory 1403 is used to store program codes or instructions for executing the solutions of the present application, and the processor 1401 controls the execution.
  • the processor 1401 is configured to execute program codes stored in the memory 1403.
  • One or more software modules can be included in the program code.
  • the processor 1401 itself may also store program codes or instructions for executing the solutions of the present application.
  • the communication interface 1404 uses any device such as a transceiver to communicate with other devices or communication networks.
  • the communication network may be Ethernet, wireless access network (RAN), or wireless local area networks (WLAN), etc.
  • the communication interface 1404 may be used to receive packets sent by other devices in the network, and may also send packets to other network devices in the network.
  • the communication interface 1404 may be an Ethernet interface (Ethernet) interface, a Fast Ethernet (FE) interface, or a Gigabit Ethernet (GE) interface.
  • the device 1400 may include multiple processors, such as the processor 1401 and the processor 1405 shown in FIG. 14. Each of these processors can be a single-CPU (single-CPU) processor or a multi-core (multi-CPU) processor.
  • the processor here may refer to one or more devices, circuits, and/or processing cores for processing data (for example, computer program instructions).
  • the disclosed device and method can be implemented in other ways.
  • the device embodiment described above is only illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or may be Integrate into another system, or some features can be ignored or not implemented.
  • the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may also be electrical or other forms of connection.
  • the unit described as a separate component may or may not be physically separated, and the component displayed as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, that is, it may be located in one place, or may also be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the objectives of the solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
  • processing units in each embodiment of the present application can be dispersed into multiple functional units, can also be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can exist alone physically, or two or more units can be integrated. In one unit.
  • the above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional unit.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments it may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof.
  • software, firmware, or a combination thereof it may be implemented in the form of a computer program product in whole or in part.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer program instructions.
  • the computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium.
  • the computer program instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data.
  • the center transmits to another website site, computer, server or data center through wired or wireless means.
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server or a data center integrated with one or more media.
  • the medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, and a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, an optical disk), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state hard disk).

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Abstract

本申请提供了一种报文转发方法、设备、存储介质及系统。通过在控制消息中携带匹配条件和路径参数，路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识的方式，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，当第一设备接收到符合该控制消息中的匹配条件的报文时，可以按照该路径参数对应的转发路径转发报文。通过本申请提供的方法，有助于降低网络的配置复杂度。

Description

一种报文转发方法、设备、存储介质及系统
本申请要求于2019年10月30日提交中国国家知识产权局、申请号201911046488.0、申请名称为“一种数据报文的转发方法、装置及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及要求在2019年12月12日提交中华人民共和国知识产权局、申请号为201911271029.2、申请名称为“一种报文转发方法、设备、存储介质及系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，这两篇中国专利申请的全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及通信领域，一种报文转发方法、设备、存储介质及系统。
背景技术
在现代网络应用中，越来越趋向精细化管理，例如用户期望一些业务可以在指定的传输路径中进行转发。举例来讲，用户希望语音相关的所有业务都可以在指定的拥有低时延的转发路径上进行转发。当传输网络上的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径的时候，网络设备通常会选择转发成本(cost)更低的那条转发路径进行转发。在一些情况下，当cost更低的那条转发路径出现拥塞，或者时延较高不能满足业务的需求时，为了使得不同的业务数据报文能够按照不同的指定的转发路径进行转发，需要进行复杂的配置，甚至可能需要对该转发路径上的每一台设备都进行配置，用户操作繁琐。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种报文转发的方法及装置，用于使得不同的业务数据报文能够按照不同指定的转发路径进行转发，降低配置复杂度，操作简单。
第一方面，提供了一种报文转发方法，包括：第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，所述第一设备获得控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；所述第一设备接收第一报文；所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的转发路径经过所述第二设备；当所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的特征符合所述匹配条件时，所述第一设备延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
通过本方法，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，可以为数据报文指定一条确定的而转发路径，而不是按照默认的cost较低的转发路径进行转发。通过在控制消息中同时携带匹配条件和路径参数，可以确定的指定一条转发路径，而不需要进行复杂的配置。当这两台设备之间存在多台设备时，也不需要再逐设备配置，降低配置复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示 所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
通过结合性能标识的方法，还可以进一步指定数据业务的转发路径需要满足的性能需求，可以减少多次配置的复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
通过结合路径标识的方法，可以明确的指定数据业务的转发路径，配置简单。
在一种可能的方式中，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
控制消息采用边界网关协议流规则协议，可以使用已经成熟应用的技术，使得本发明方案的使用率更高。
在一种可能的方式中，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
通过采用多种项目作为匹配项，可以满足多种匹配方式，满足不同业务的匹配需求。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
在一种可能的方式中，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
第二方面，提供了一种报文转发方法，包括：第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，管理设备向第一设备发送控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；所述控制消息指示所述第一设备接收到转发路径经过所述第二设备的报文，且所述报文符合所述匹配条件时，延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
通过本方法，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，可以为数据报文指定一条确定的而转发路径，而不是按照默认的cost较低的转发路径进行转发。通过在控制消息中同时携带匹配条件和路径参数，可以确定的指定一条转发路径，而不需要进行复杂的配置。当这两台设备之间存在多台设备时，也不需要再逐设备配置，降低配置复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
通过结合性能标识的方法，还可以进一步指定数据业务的转发路径需要满足的性能需求，可以减少多次配置的复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
通过结合路径标识的方法，可以明确的指定数据业务的转发路径，配置简单。
在一种可能的方式中，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
控制消息采用边界网关协议流规则协议，可以使用已经成熟应用的技术，使得本发明方案的使用率更高。
在一种可能的方式中，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
通过采用多种项目作为匹配项，可以满足多种匹配方式，满足不同业务的匹配需求。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
在一种可能的方式中，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
第三方面，提供了一种第一设备，第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，包括：接收单元，用于获得控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；所述接收单元，还用于接收第一报文；处理单元，用于确定所述第一报文的转发路径经过所述第二设备；发送单元，当所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的特征符合所述匹配条件时，用于延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
通过应用本设备，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，可以为数据报文指定一条确定的而转发路径，而不是按照默认的cost较低的转发路径进行转发。通过在控制消息中同时携带匹配条件和路径参数，可以确定的指定一条转发路径，而不需要进行复杂的配置。当这两台设备之间存在多台设备时，也不需要再逐设备配置，降低配置复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
通过结合性能标识的方式，还可以进一步指定数据业务的转发路径需要满足的性能需求，可以减少多次配置的复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
通过结合路径标识的方式，可以明确的指定数据业务的转发路径，配置简单。
在一种可能的方式中，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
控制消息采用边界网关协议流规则协议，可以使用已经成熟应用的技术，使得本发明方案的使用率更高。
在一种可能的方式中，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：目的地址前缀、 源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
通过采用多种项目作为匹配项，可以满足多种匹配方式，满足不同业务的匹配需求。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
在一种可能的方式中，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
第四方面，提供了一种第一设备，第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，所述第一设备包括：通信接口，用于获得控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；所述通信接口，还用于接收第一报文；处理器，用于确定所述第一报文的转发路径经过所述第二设备；所述通信接口，当所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的特征符合所述匹配条件时，用于延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
通过应用本设备，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，可以为数据报文指定一条确定的而转发路径，而不是按照默认的cost较低的转发路径进行转发。通过在控制消息中同时携带匹配条件和路径参数，可以确定的指定一条转发路径，而不需要进行复杂的配置。当这两台设备之间存在多台设备时，也不需要再逐设备配置，降低配置复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
通过结合性能标识的方式，还可以进一步指定数据业务的转发路径需要满足的性能需求，可以减少多次配置的复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
通过结合路径标识的方式，可以明确的指定数据业务的转发路径，配置简单。
在一种可能的方式中，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
控制消息采用边界网关协议流规则协议，可以使用已经成熟应用的技术，使得本发明方案的使用率更高。
在一种可能的方式中，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
通过采用多种项目作为匹配项，可以满足多种匹配方式，满足不同业务的匹配需求。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
在一种可能的方式中，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
第五方面，提供了一种管理设备，包括：发送单元，用于向第一设备发送控制消息，第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；所述控制消息指示所述第一设备接收到转发路径经过所述第二设备的报文，且所述报文符合所述匹配条件时，延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
通过应用本设备，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，可以为数据报文指定一条确定的而转发路径，而不是按照默认的cost较低的转发路径进行转发。通过在控制消息中同时携带匹配条件和路径参数，可以确定的指定一条转发路径，而不需要进行复杂的配置。当这两台设备之间存在多台设备时，也不需要再逐设备配置，降低配置复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
通过结合性能标识的方式，还可以进一步指定数据业务的转发路径需要满足的性能需求，可以减少多次配置的复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
通过结合路径标识的方式，可以明确的指定数据业务的转发路径，配置简单。
在一种可能的方式中，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
控制消息采用边界网关协议流规则协议，可以使用已经成熟应用的技术，使得本发明方案的使用率更高。
在一种可能的方式中，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
通过采用多种项目作为匹配项，可以满足多种匹配方式，满足不同业务的匹配需求。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
在一种可能的方式中，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
第六方面，提供了一种管理设备，包括：通信接口，用于向第一设备发送控制消息，第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；所述控制消息指示所述第一设备接收到转发路径经过所述第二设备的报文，且所述报文符合所述匹配条件时，延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
通过应用本设备，当网络中的两台设备之间存在多条转发路径时，可以为数据报文指定一条确定的而转发路径，而不是按照默认的cost较低的转发路径进行转发。通过在控制消息中同时携带匹配条件和路径参数，可以确定的指定一条转发路径，而不需要进行复杂的配置。当这两台设备之间存在多台设备时，也不需要再逐设备配置，降低配置复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
通过结合性能标识的方式，还可以进一步指定数据业务的转发路径需要满足的性能需求，可以减少多次配置的复杂度。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
通过结合路径标识的方式，可以明确的指定数据业务的转发路径，配置简单。
在一种可能的方式中，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
控制消息采用边界网关协议流规则协议，可以使用已经成熟应用的技术，使得本发明方案的使用率更高。
在一种可能的方式中，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
通过采用多种项目作为匹配项，可以满足多种匹配方式，满足不同业务的匹配需求。
在一种可能的方式中，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
在一种可能的方式中，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
第七方面，提供一种网络设备，所述网络设备包括：主控板和接口板，进一 步，还可以包括交换网板。所述网络设备用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，所述网络设备包括用于执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的模块。
第八方面，提供一种网络设备，所述网络设备包括：主控板和接口板，进一步，还可以包括交换网板。所述网络设备用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，所述网络设备包括用于执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法的模块。
第九方面，提供了一种网络系统，所述网络系统包括第一设备和管理设备，所述第一设备为上述第三方面或第四方面任一种可选方式所提供的第一设备，所述管理设备为上述第五方面或第六方面任一种可选方式所提供的管理设备。
第十方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，所述存储介质中存储有至少一条指令，所述指令由处理器加载并执行如第一方面以及第一方面的任一种可选方式所提供的数据报文的处理方法，或如第二方面以及第二方面的任一种可选方式所提供的数据报文的处理方法。
第十一方面，提供了一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面任一种可选方式所述的方法。
第十二方面，提供了一种计算机程序，所述计算机程序包括用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面任一种可选方式所述的方法。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，下面将对实施例中使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面附图只是本发明的一些实施例的附图，对于本领域普通技术人员来说，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得同样能实现本发明的其他技术方案和附图。这些技术方案和附图也应该被认为是在本发明的范围之内。
图1为本申请实施例中的一种应用场景示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中的一种网络系统示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种报文转发方法流程图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种匹配条件和经过的设备标识示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种匹配条件和路径参数的示意图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种路径参数TLV的示意图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的一种地址标识TLV的示意图；
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种路径特征标识TLV的示意图；
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种颜色扩展团体属性示意图；
图10为本申请实施例提供的一种路径参数与路径标识的对应关系示意图；
图11为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备结构示意图；
图12为本申请实施例提供的一种管理设备结构示意图；
图13为本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备结构示意图；
图14为本申请实施例提供的一种管理设备结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明实施例作进一步的详细说明。
本申请中术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等字样用于对作用和功能基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分，应理解，“第一”、“第二”、“第三”之间不具有逻辑或时序上的依赖关系，也不对数量和执行顺序进行限定。
以下，对本申请涉及的术语进行解释：
分段路由(Segment Routing，SR)是基于源路由的理念而设计的在网络中转发数据包的一种协议。在SR网络中，通过在支持SR的网络中的头节点往数据报文中插入一组有序的段标识来显示地指定数据包的转发路径。SR应用于多协议标签交换(Multi-Protocol Label Switching，MPLS)数据平面，则称为基于MPLS的分段路由(MPLS-SR或SR-MPLS)，应用于互联网协议第6版(Internet Protocol Version 6，IPv6)数据平面，则称为基于IPv6的分段路由(SRv6)。
头节点(Head Node)：SR转发路径的起始节点，负责封装段标识。
段标识(Segment ID，SID)：为描述Segment的ID，比如代表一个节点或者一条链路。在MPLS-SR中，SID表现为一个MPLS标签，而在SRv6中，SID表现为一个128比特的值。
段标识列表(Segment ID List)：为包含了一组段标识的列表，头节点在接收到数据报文后，对应的在数据报文中插入1个SID List可以显示地指示一条转发路径。
绑定段标识(Binding SID，BSID)：BSID会绑定到一个SID list上，指示一条转发路径。当SR网络中的头节点收到一个合法的BSID时，会执行BSID相关的操作，在IPv6段路由(IPv6 Segment Routing，SRv6)网络中，定义的BSID相关的操作可以为：根据BSID函数的不同，插入一个新的SRH头(End.B6.Insert)，或者是插入一个新的包含SRH的外层IPv6头(End.B6.Encaps)。
转发路径：在SR网络中，可以为一条与BSID对应的转发路径，该BSID对应的转发路径在实际转发时可以为一条转发路径，也可以为多条转发路径。在MPLS网络中，转发路径可以对应一条MPLS隧道。
边界网关协议流规则(Border Gateway Protocol Flow Specification，BGP Flowspec)：通过BGP协议来发布流量过滤的匹配罪责和流量匹配后执行的动作，从而能够把流量匹配规则和流量行为发布到网络设备上，并在网络设备上应用该流量匹配规则和流量行为。
以下，示例性介绍本申请的应用场景。参见图1，该图为本申请实施例的一种应用场景的示意图。在图1所示的场景中，网络设备101、网络设备102、网络设备103、网络设备104和网络设备105属于同一个网络，该网络可以为MPLS网络， 也可以为SR网络。其中，网络设备101、网络设备102、网络设备103、网络设备104和网络设备105可以为路由器设备，也可以为交换机或其他任意具备路由功能的设备，该设备的形态可以是实体装置设备，也可以是虚拟化的具备路由功能的设备，本申请不做具体限定。
本领域技术人员可以知晓，该应用场景中的网络设备的数量可以更多或更少。比如上述网络设备可以为几十个或几百个，或者更多数量。本申请实施例对网络设备的数量和设备类型不加以限定。
在图1所示的场景中，网络设备101与网络设备102和网络设备103相连；网络设备102与网络设备101、网络设备103和网络设备105相连；网络设备103与网络设备101、网络设备102和网络设备104相连；网络设备105与网络设备102和网络设备104相连。网络设备101和网络设备105之间存在2条转发路径：转发路径106和转发路径107。当该网络为MPLS网络时，转发路径106和转发路径107可以具体为两条隧道，分别采用不同的隧道标识进行表示。当该网络为SR网络时，转发路径106和转发路径107可以用两个不同的绑定段标识来表示，假设该网络为运行有SR协议的MPLS网络，可采用10002,10003，10004,10005作为网络设备的段标识，如，10002为网络设备102的段标识，网络设备10003为网络设备103的段标识，10004为网络设备104的段标识，10005为网络设备105的段标识。可采用绑定段标识表示一条转发路径，如，10025表示转发路径106，10035表示转发路径107，其中，10025对应的段标识列表为：(10002，10005)，也可以直接用段标识列表(10002，10005)表示转发路径106；10035对应的段标识列表可以为(10003)，也可以为(10003,10005)，还可以为(10003,10004，10005)，也可以直接用上述3个段标识列表标识转发路径107。当该网络是运行有SR协议的IPv6的网络时，以上段标识和绑定段标识的格式也可以为符合IPv6格式的标识，或者说采用IPv6地址作为对应的段标识。
可选地，该应用场景中还可以包括管理设备，该管理设备包括：控制器、管理系统或路径计算单元，该控制器、管理系统和路径计算单元可通过无线网络或有线网络与每个网络设备相连，该控制器、管理系统和路径计算单元可以用于为不同的数据报文设定对应的转发路径。该控制器、管理系统和路径计算单元可以是一台服务器、多台服务器、云计算平台和虚拟化中心中的至少一种。当控制器是多台时，可以存在至少两台控制器用于提供不同的服务，和/或存在至少两台控制器用于提供相同的服务，比如以负载均衡方式提供同一种服务，本实施例对此不做具体限定。
参见图2，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种网络系统的示意图。该网络系统中主要包括管理设备201、第一设备202、第二设备203和第三设备204。其中管理设备201可以为控制器、路径计算单元或网络管理系统。第一设备202和第三设备204之间存在至少2条转发路径，其中，一条转发路径为第一设备202->第二设备203->第三设备204，一条转发路径为第一设备202->第三设备204。第一设备202可以为如图1所示的网络设备101或网络设备102，第三设备204可为如图1所示的 网络设备105，第二设备203可为网络设备103和网络设备104。
参见图3，该图为本申请实施例提供的一种报文转发方法流程图。如图3所示，该方法的交互主要包括管理设备、第一设备和第二设备。其中，第一设备可以为数据报文在分段路由网络中的转发路径的头节点，第二设备可以是该转发路径中的尾节点。应用于图1所示的应用场景，网络设备101和网络设备105可分别为该第一设备和第二设备。
以下，结合图1和图3对该方法主要包括的步骤和可选方式进行讲解，为便于理解，以网络设备101作为第一设备，网络设备105作为第二设备为示例对本方法实施例进行示例性讲解。应理解，这仅是一种示例，本领域的技术人员也可以参考本实施例，做类似的替换、应用，本申请不再一一举例。
该方法主要包括如下步骤：
S301：管理设备获得匹配条件和路径参数。
该路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，该地址标识为网络设备105的标识，所述路径参数指示从网络设备101到网络设备105之间的多条转发路径中的一条转发路径。
运维人员可以通过管理设备的用户界面直接配置匹配条件和路径参数，或者，管理设备也可以通过上层业务系统或应用等获得至少一个业务数据流的匹配条件，以及其需要经过的设备标识，在获得这些信息后，由管理设备结合其所在网络的拓扑等信息获得匹配条件和对应的路径参数。
当管理设备接收到上层业务系统或应用等发送的匹配条件、需要经过的设备标识时，管理设备接收到的匹配条件和需要经过的设备标识等信息可图4所示。在如图4所示的示例中，管理设备共获得了2条信息，在第一条信息中，包括匹配条件：目的地址前缀为210.25.0.0/24的数据报文，需要执行该策略的设备为：第一设备，须经过的设备标识为第二设备，此信息表明，当网络设备101收到目的地址前缀为210.25.0.0/24的数据报文，且该报文的转发路径经过网络设备105时，为其指定一条转发路径，如，该转发路径可为：满足普通客户业务分类的转发路径。在第二条信息中，包括匹配条件：目的地址前缀为150.58.0.0/24的数据报文，需要执行该策略的设备为：第一设备，须经过的设备标识为第二设备，此信息表明，当网络设备101收到目的地址前缀为150.58.0.0/24的数据报文，且该报文的转发路径经过网络设备105时，为其指定一条转发路径，如，该转发路径可为：满足重要客户(very important person，VIP)，即VIP客户业务分类的转发路径。
管理设备接收到以上信息后，获得对应的匹配条件和路径参数。
其中，匹配条件可包括如下一项或多项：
目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，其中，地址标识可为经过网络设备 的IP地址，如网络设备105的IP地址为：1.1.1.4，也可以为经过网络设备的段标识，如10005。路径特征标识包括性能标识或路径标识，其中，性能标识可用于指示该指定的一条转发路径满足该性能标识要求的网络性能，即，满足该性能标识指示的性能要求，路径标识可直接用于指示该转发路径，如上述的10035。
综上，针对图4所获得的信息该管理设备获得的匹配条件和路径参数如图5所示，其中，使用color表示性能标识，pathID为路径ID，表示路径特征标识。
S303：管理设备生成控制消息，该控制消息携带匹配条件和路径参数。
该控制消息可以为路径计算单元通信协(Path Computation Element Communication Protocol，PCEP)控制消息，也可以为BGP Flowspec控制消息。该控制消息指示接收该控制消息的网络设备当接收到满足匹配条件的数据报文时，将该数据报文延路径参数指示的转发路径进行转发。
该控制消息中的路径参数包括的地址标识和路径特征标识可以携带在同一扩展团体属性中，也可以携带在不同的扩展团体属性中。
该匹配条件和路径参数携带在BGP更新消息的网络层可达信息(network layer reachability information，NLRI)中，且该路径参数包括的地址标识和路径特征标识携带在同一类型长度值(type length value，TLV)中。在一个示例中，该TLV如图6所示。该TLV中的类型字段指示该TLV为携带路径参数的TLV，其值可为专为路径参数申请的type值，如90，长度字段指示该TLV的整体长度，所占比特位的数量，保留字段便于后续可进行延伸，地址标识字段的值指示所经过的设备，如上述的1.1.1.4，路径特征标识字段的值可为如上所述的20或10025等值。
在另一个示例中，路径参数包括的地址标识和路径特征标识可以携带在控制消息的不同TLV中。地址标识的TLV可如图7所示。该TLV中的类型字段指示该TLV为携带地址标识的TLV，其值可为专为地址标识申请的type值，如91，长度字段指示该TLV的整体长度，所占比特位的数量，保留字段便于后续可进行延伸，地址标识字段的值指示所经过的设备，如上述的1.1.1.4。路径特征标识的TLV可如图8所示。该TLV中的类型字段指示该TLV为携带路径特征标识的TLV，其值可为专为路径特征标识申请的type值，如92，长度字段指示该TLV的整体长度，所占比特位的数量，保留字段便于后续可进行延伸，路径特征标识字段的值可为如上所述的20或10025等。
在一个示例中，当路径特征标识的值可以携带在该控制消息的颜色团体扩展属性中，颜色团体扩展属性如图9所示，0x03表明该扩展团体属性为颜色扩展团体属性，0x0b表明该扩展团体属性占了1个字节(byte)，共8比特0，reserved字段保留备用，color value字段携带具体的路径特征标识的值，如上述的20等。
S305：管理设备向第一设备发送生成的控制消息。
管理设备可采用BGP协议向第一设备发送该控制消息，也可以通过PCEP协议向第一设备发送该控制消息。
S307：第一设备接收控制消息。
当管理设备为路径计算单元(path computation element，PCE)设备时，第一设备可通过PCEP协议接收该控制消息。
当管理设备为控制器或其他网络设备时，第一设备可通过BGP Flowspec协议接收该控制消息。
当管理设备为网络管理系统等设备时，第一设备可通过管理协议接收该控制消息。
第一设备接收到该控制消息后，可将该控制消息保存在第一设备中，以备后续使用。该控制消息可以是长期有效的，也可以是指定了生效时间的。
S309：第一设备接收第一报文，第一报文的转发路径经过第二设备。
第一设备确定第一报文的转发路径经过第二设备的方法包括但不限于以下3种方式：1、第一设备接收到第一报文后，根据第一报文的目的IP地址，计算转发该第一报文的下一跳地址为第二设备的IP地址；2、第一设备接收到第一报文后，根据第一报文的目的IP地址，计算转发该第一报文的下一跳地址为第二设备的段标识；3、第一报文的目的IP地址为第二设备的IP地址。
本申请对步骤S309与S301-S307的执行先后顺序并不做限定，即，第一设备可以是先收到控制信息，也可以是先接收到第一报文，然后向管理设备请求一个控制消息。
S311：第一设备确定第一报文的特征符合匹配条件。
第一报文的特征包括：第一报文的报文头特征，如目的地址、源地址、IP协议、源端口号、目的端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识等。
第一设备确定第一报文的特征符合匹配条件，即，采用第一报文的特征与匹配条件的内容进行比较，确定第一报文的特征符合该匹配条件。在一个示例中，匹配条件包括目的地址前缀：150.0.0.0/24，当第一报文的目的IP地址为150.0.0.3时，第一设备确定该第一报文的特征符合匹配条件。
S313：第一设备确定转发第一报文对应的路径特征标识。
在如上的示例中，第一报文的目的地址为150.0.0.3，第一设备根据第一报文的目的IP地址，计算得到的转发第一报文的下一跳地址为1.1.1.4；同时，第一报文的目的IP地址符合匹配条件：目的地址前缀：150.0.0.0/24。则第一设备确定转发该第一报文对应的路径特征标识为color＝40，或pathID＝10035。
S315：第一设备延路径参数指示的转发路径向第二设备发送第一报文。
在确定转发第一报文的路径特征标识之后，第一设备延该路径特征标识指示的转发路径向第二设备发送第一报文。
当该路径特征标识为路径标识，如pathID时，则第一设备直接延该pathID对应的转发路径转发第一报文。
当该路径特征标识为颜色标识，如color时，则第一设备根据地址标识和路 径特征标识与路径标识的对应关系，确定对应的路径标识后，再延该路径标识对应的转发路径转发第一报文。在一个示例中，地址标识和路径特征标识与路径标识的对应关系如图10所示，地址标识列指明第一设备转发的下一跳地址标识，路径特征标识在此为颜色标识，其值分别为20或40，对应于路径特征标识为20时，路径标识为BSID等于10025，或者对应于MPLS网络时，其值可为一个隧道(tunnel)的ID，如tunnel1；对应于路径特征标识为40时，路径标识为BSID等于10035，或者对应于MPLS网络时，其值可为一个隧道(tunnel)的ID，如tunnel2。第一设备延该路径标识对应的转发路径转发第一报文。
以上介绍了本申请提供的报文转发方法实施例，以下介绍本申请提供的管理设备和第一设备。
图11是本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备结构示意图，该网络设备1100可以执行图3所示的第一设备(网络设备101)执行的方法。该网络设备1100包括接收单元1101，处理单元1102，发送单元1103。该接收单元1101可用于执行例如图3实施例中的步骤S307和S309中的接收控制消息和第一报文的相关方法。处理单元1102，可用于执行例如图3实施例中的步骤S311和S313中的确定第一把握呢的报文特征符合匹配条件和确定转发第一报文对应的路径特征标识的相关方法。发送单元1103，可用于执行例如图3实施例中的步骤S315。
需要说明的一点是，图11实施例提供的第一设备在进行如上所述的报文转发时，仅以上述各功能单元的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元完成，即将第一设备的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能；或者用统一个功能单元完成上述多个单元的功能。应理解，上述实施例提供的第一设备与上述报文转发方法的实施例属于同一构思，在此仅针对该第一设备的各单元执行的步骤进行了举例说明，但并不代表其就不执行上述实施例中的其他步骤或可选方法，其具体实现过程详见方法实施例，这里不再赘述。
图12是本申请实施例提供的一种管理设备结构示意图，该管理设备1200可以执行图3所示的管理设备执行的方法。该网络设备1200包括接收单元1201，处理单元1202，发送单元1203。该接收单元1201可用于执行例如图3所示的实施例中的步骤S301中的获得匹配条件和路径参数的相关方法。处理单元1202可用于执行例如图30所示的实施例中的步骤S303中的生成控制消息的方法。发送单元1203可用于执行例如图3所示的实施例中的步骤S305。
需要说明的一点是，图12实施例提供的管理设备在进行如上所述的报文转发方法时，仅以上述各功能单元的划分进行举例说明，实际应用中，可以根据需要而将上述功能分配由不同的功能单元完成，即将管理设备的内部结构划分成不同的功能单元，以完成以上描述的全部或者部分功能；或者用统一个功能单元完成上述多个单元的功能。应理解，上述实施例提供的管理 设备与上述报文转发方法实施例属于同一构思，在此仅针对该管理设备的各单元执行的步骤进行了举例说明，但并不代表其就不执行上述实施例中的其他步骤或可选方法，其具体实现过程详见方法实施例，这里不再赘述。
以上介绍了本申请实施例的第一设备和管理设备，以下介绍该第一网络设备和管理设备可能的产品形态。应理解，但凡具备上述图11中的第一设备的特征的任何形态的产品，和但凡具备上述图12中的管理设备的特征的任何形态的产品，都落入本申请的保护范围。还应理解，以下介绍仅为举例，不限制本申请实施例的第一设备和管理设备的产品形态。
图13是本申请实施例提供的一种第一设备1300的结构示意图。参见图13所示的设备结构示意图。设备1300包括主控板和一个或多个接口板，主控板与接口板通信连接。主控板也称为主处理单元(main processing unit，MPU)或路由处理卡(route processor card)，主控板负责对设备1300中各个组件的控制和管理，包括路由计算、设备管理和维护功能。接口板也称为线卡(line processing unit，LPU)或线卡(line card)，用于转发数据。在一些实施例中，设备1300也可以包括交换网板，交换网板与主控板、接口板通信连接，交换网板用于转发接口板之间的数据，交换网板也可以称为交换网板单元(switch fabric unit，SFU)。接口板包括中央处理器、存储器、转发芯片和物理接口卡(physical interface card，PIC)。中央处理器与存储器、网络处理器和物理接口卡分别通信连接。存储器用于存储转发表。转发芯片用于基于存储器中保存的转发表转发接收到的数据报文，如果数据报文的目的地址为设备1300的地址，则将该数据报文上送至中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)，如中央处理器1331处理；如果数据报文的目的地址不是设备1300的地址，则根据该目的地址从转发表中查找到该目的地址对应的下一跳和出接口，将该数据报文转发到该目的地址对应的出接口。转发芯片可以是网络处理器(network processor，NP)。PIC也称为子卡，可安装在接口板上，负责将光电信号转换为数据报文并对数据报文进行合法性检查后转发给转发芯片处理。在一些实施例中，中央处理器也可执行转发芯片的功能，比如基于通用CPU实现软件转发，从而接口板中不需要转发芯片。主控板、接口板、交换网板之间的通信连接可以通过总线来实现。在一些实施例中，转发芯片可以通过专用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)或现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array，FPGA)实现。
在逻辑上，设备1300包括控制面和转发面，控制面包括主控板和中央处理器，转发面包括执行转发的各个组件，比如存储器、PIC和NP。控制面执行路由器、生成转发表、处理信令和协议报文、配置与维护设备的状态等功能，控制面将生成的转发表下发给转发面，在转发面，NP基于控制面下发的转发表对设备1300的PIC收到的报文查表转发。控制面下发的转发表可以保存在存储器中。在有些实施例中，控制面和转发面可以完全分离，不在 同一设备上。下面将结合图3a和图4a的实施例对上述过程进行简要说明。
如图3所述的方法所示，网络中的第一设备可以通过物理接口卡1333接收控制消息和第一报文，中央处理器1331判断当该第一报文的报文特征符合第一报文，且根据该第一报文的目的IP地址确定的下一跳为第二设备的地址时，则按照对应的转发路径将该数据报文发送到物理接口卡1333，物理接口卡1333可用于向第二设备发送该第一报文。
本发明实施例提供的第一设备可对应于上述图3所述方法实施例中的第一设备和第二设备或管理设备，可以实现上述各个方法实施例中的第一设备和管理设备所具有的功能和/或所实施的各种步骤和方法。以上仅为简要的示例性描述，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
值得说明的是，主控板可能有一块或多块，有多块的时候可以包括主用主控板和备用主控板。接口板可能有一块或多块，网络设备的数据处理能力越强，提供的接口板越多。接口板上的物理接口卡也可以有一块或多块。交换网板可能没有，也可能有一块或多块，有多块的时候可以共同实现负荷分担冗余备份。在集中式转发架构下，网络设备可以不需要交换网板，接口板承担整个系统的业务数据的处理功能。在分布式转发架构下，网络设备可以有至少一块交换网板，通过交换网板实现多块接口板之间的数据交换，提供大容量的数据交换和处理能力。所以，分布式架构的网络设备的数据接入和处理能力要大于集中式架构的设备。可选地，网络设备的形态也可以是只有一块板卡，即没有交换网板，接口板和主控板的功能集成在该一块板卡上，此时接口板上的中央处理器和主控板上的中央处理器在该一块板卡上可以合并为一个中央处理器，执行两者叠加后的功能，这种形态设备的数据交换和处理能力较低(例如，低端交换机或路由器等网络设备)。具体采用哪种架构，取决于具体的组网部署场景，此处不做任何限定。
图14是本申请实施例提供的一种管理设备1400的结构示意图。图3实施例所示的管理设备或第一设备均可以通过图14所示的设备来实现。参见图14所示的设备结构示意图。该设备1400包括至少一个处理器1401，通信总线1402以及至少一个通信接口1404，可选地，该设备1400还可以包括存储器1403。
处理器1401可以是一个通用中央处理器(central processing unit，CPU)、特定应用集成电路(application-specific integrated circuit，ASIC)或一个或多个用于控制本申请方案程序执行的集成电路。处理器可以用于对接收到的报文进行处理，以实现本申请实施例中提供的报文处理的方法。
比如，当图3中的管理设备通过图14所示的设备1400来实现时，该处理器可以用于根据获得的匹配条件和路径参数生成控制消息，具体功能实现可参考方法图3实施例中对应管理设备的处理部分。
通信总线1402用于在处理器1401、通信接口1404和存储器1403之间 传送信息。
存储器1403可以是只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)，如：电可擦可编程只读存储器(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(compact disc read-only Memory，CD-ROM)或其它光盘、光碟存储(包括压缩光碟、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟、蓝光光碟等)。或者存储器1403也可以是随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)或者可存储信息和指令的其它类型的动态存储设备。
存储器1403可以是独立存在，通过通信总线1402与处理器1401相连接。存储器1403也可以和处理器1401集成在一起。
可选地，存储器1403用于存储执行本申请方案的程序代码或指令，并由处理器1401来控制执行。处理器1401用于执行存储器1403中存储的程序代码。程序代码中可以包括一个或多个软件模块。可选地，处理器1401自身也可以存储执行本申请方案的程序代码或指令。
通信接口1404，使用任何收发器一类的装置，用于与其它设备或通信网络通信，通信网络可以为以太网、无线接入网(RAN)或无线局域网(wireless local area networks，WLAN)等。在本申请实施例中，通信接口1404可以用于接收网络中的其他设备发送的报文，也可以向网络中的其他网络设备发送报文。通信接口1404可以为以太接口(Ethernet)接口、快速以太(Fast Ethernet，FE)接口或千兆以太(Gigabit Ethernet，GE)接口。
在具体实现中，作为一种实施例，设备1400可以包括多个处理器，例如图14中所示的处理器1401和处理器1405。这些处理器中的每一个可以是一个单核(single-CPU)处理器，也可以是一个多核(multi-CPU)处理器。这里的处理器可以指一个或多个设备、电路、和/或用于处理数据(例如计算机程序指令)的处理核。
应理解，上述各种产品形态的网络设备，分别具有上述数据报文的处理方法实施例中的网络设备的任意功能，此处不再赘述。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例中描述的各方法步骤和单元，能够以电子硬件、计算机软件或者二者的结合来实现，为了清楚地说明硬件和软件的可互换性，在上述说明中已经按照功能一般性地描述了各实施例的步骤及组成。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。本领域普通技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
本领域普通技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为了描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参见前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅是示意性的， 例如，该单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另外，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口、装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，也可以是电的或其它的形式连接。
该作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本申请实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的处理单元可以分散到多个功能单元中，也可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以是两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。上述集成的单元既可以采用硬件的形式实现，也可以采用软件功能单元的形式实现。
在上述实施例中，可以全部或部分地通过软件、硬件、固件或者其任意组合来实现。当使用软件、固件或者其组合实现时，可以全部或部分地以计算机程序产品的形式实现。所述计算机程序产品包括一个或多个计算机程序指令。在计算机上加载和执行所述计算机程序指令时，全部或部分地产生按照本申请实施例所述的流程或功能。所述计算机可以是通用计算机、专用计算机、计算机网络、或者其他可编程装置。所述计算机指令可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，或者从一个计算机可读存储介质向另一个计算机可读存储介质传输，例如，所述计算机程序指令可以从一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心通过有线或无线方式向另一个网站站点、计算机、服务器或数据中心进行传输。所述计算机可读存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何介质或者是包含一个或多个介质集成的服务器、数据中心等数据存储设备。所述介质可以是磁性介质(例如软盘、硬盘、磁带)、光介质(例如，光盘)、或者半导体介质(例如固态硬盘)等。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明，所应理解的是，以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已，并不用于限定本发明的保护范围，凡在本发明的技术方案的基础之上，所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包括在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种报文转发方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，所述第一设备获得控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；
    所述第一设备接收第一报文；
    所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的转发路径经过所述第二设备；
    当所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的特征符合所述匹配条件时，所述第一设备延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述匹配条件包括以下一项或多项：
    目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
  8. 一种报文转发方法，其特征在于，包括：
    第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，管理设备向第一设备发送控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；
    所述控制消息指示所述第一设备接收到转发路径经过所述第二设备的报文，且所述报文符合所述匹配条件时，延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述报文。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
  11. 根据权利要求8-10任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
  12. 根据权利要求8-11任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述匹配条件包括以下一项 或多项：
    目的地址前缀、源地址前缀、互联网协议IP号、端口号、目的端口号、源端口号、国际报文控制协议类型、国际报文控制协议编码、传输控制协议标记、IP包长度、差分服务代码点和分片标识。
  13. 根据权利要求8-12任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识携带在所述控制消息的颜色扩展团体属性中。
  14. 根据权利要求8-13任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述地址标识携带在所述控制消息的重定向扩展团体属性中。
  15. 一种第一设备，第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，其特征在于，包括：
    接收单元，用于获得控制消息，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；
    所述接收单元，还用于接收第一报文；
    处理单元，用于确定所述第一报文的转发路径经过所述第二设备；
    发送单元，当所述第一设备确定所述第一报文的特征符合所述匹配条件时，用于延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述第一报文。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的第一设备，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的第一设备，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
  18. 根据权利要求15-17任一项所述的第一设备，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
  19. 一种管理设备，其特征在于，包括：
    发送单元，用于向第一设备发送控制消息，第一设备和第二设备之间存在多条转发路径，所述控制消息包括匹配条件和路径参数，所述路径参数包括地址标识和路径特征标识，所述地址标识为所述第二设备的标识，所述路径参数指示所述多条转发路径中的一条转发路径；
    所述控制消息指示所述第一设备接收到转发路径经过所述第二设备的报文，且所述报文符合所述匹配条件时，延所述一条转发路径向所述第二设备发送所述报文。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的管理设备，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括性能标识，所述性能标识指示所述一条转发路径满足所述性能标识的性能要求。
  21. 根据权利要求19或20所述的管理设备，其特征在于，所述路径特征标识包括路径标识，所述路径标识包括绑定段标识或多协议标签交换隧道标识。
  22. 根据权利要求19-21任一项所述的管理设备，其特征在于，所述控制消息为边界网关协议流规则信息。
  23. 一种网络系统，其特征在于，所述网络系统包括管理设备、第一设备，所述第一 设备为权利要求15至18任一项的所述第一设备，所述管理设备为权利要求19至22任一项的所述管理设备。
  24. 一种计算机可读存储介质，其特征在于，所述存储介质上存储有计算机程序，所述计算机程序用于执行权利要求1-14任一项的所述方法。
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