WO2021077438A1 - 具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统 - Google Patents

具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统 Download PDF

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WO2021077438A1
WO2021077438A1 PCT/CN2019/113545 CN2019113545W WO2021077438A1 WO 2021077438 A1 WO2021077438 A1 WO 2021077438A1 CN 2019113545 W CN2019113545 W CN 2019113545W WO 2021077438 A1 WO2021077438 A1 WO 2021077438A1
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photovoltaic
power
converter
current
balancer
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PCT/CN2019/113545
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English (en)
French (fr)
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黄欣科
王环
卢俊龙
王一波
国建鸿
由弘扬
张新雷
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中国科学院电工研究所
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Priority to US16/666,443 priority Critical patent/US10998723B1/en
Publication of WO2021077438A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021077438A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/14Balancing the load in a network
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/12Parallel operation of dc generators with converters, e.g. with mercury-arc rectifier
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10Parallel operation of dc sources
    • H02J1/106Parallel operation of dc sources for load balancing, symmetrisation, or sharing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30Electrical components
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H02J2300/26The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular relates to a large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer.
  • the current PV DC boost convergent access scheme is proposed, which can effectively avoid the problem of AC grid-connected transmission of traditional photovoltaic power stations, and photovoltaic DC grid-connected can reduce power conversion links, save power conversion equipment, It has obvious economic and technical advantages to reduce system cost and improve the overall efficiency of the system.
  • the photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system has become a research hotspot.
  • the technical difficulty of the photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system is that when the input power of each photovoltaic DC converter in the series system does not match, it will cause the photovoltaic DC converter output over-voltage problem, and at the same time will cause the photovoltaic DC converter to abandon the problem.
  • one aspect of the present invention proposes a large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer.
  • the system includes N photovoltaic DC converters, N-1 power balancers, and N ⁇ 2.
  • each photovoltaic DC converter The output terminals of each photovoltaic DC converter are connected in series and then connected to the DC grid, and the input terminals of each photovoltaic DC converter are respectively connected with the output terminals of the photovoltaic power generation unit;
  • a power balancer is arranged between the input terminals of two adjacent photovoltaic DC converters;
  • N-1 power balancers are respectively set corresponding to the set N-1 photovoltaic DC converters, which are used to balance the input power of the corresponding photovoltaic DC converters to eliminate the difference in output voltage of each photovoltaic DC converter .
  • the power balancer includes a control signal input terminal, a main power circuit, and a current path connection terminal;
  • the main power circuit based on the difference between V i and V a control current between the two photovoltaic DC converter input terminal;
  • the two ends of the current path connecting ends are respectively connected to the input ends of the two corresponding photovoltaic DC converters for establishing current paths.
  • the "V a and V i based on a difference between the control current input terminal of two photovoltaic DC converter which method:
  • the power balancer is provided with a bypass circuit
  • the output terminal of the photovoltaic DC converter is provided with a short circuit; when any photovoltaic DC converter fails, the bypass circuit can be used Connect its corresponding photovoltaic power generation unit to the adjacent photovoltaic DC converter connected to its corresponding power balancer, and at the same time short-circuit the output terminal of the failed photovoltaic DC converter through the short circuit to maintain each photovoltaic DC
  • the output terminals of the converter are connected in series to the path of the DC power grid.
  • the photovoltaic DC converter adopts a dual closed-loop control strategy of input voltage and input current for maximum power tracking control.
  • the power balancer adopts closed-loop control of the output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter.
  • a power balance method for a large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system is proposed. Based on the above-mentioned large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer, each power balancer separately The input power of the corresponding photovoltaic DC converter is balanced, including:
  • the photovoltaic DC converter without a power balancer always adopts the maximum power tracking closed-loop control to make it run in the maximum power tracking mode, and performs output voltage limiting control on the photovoltaic DC converter.
  • a photovoltaic DC power generation system which includes N groups of photovoltaic power generation units, and also includes the aforementioned large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer.
  • the invention can solve the problem of light abandonment and overvoltage caused by the mismatch of the input power of each photovoltaic DC converter in the photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system; solves the problem of the mismatch of the input power of each photovoltaic DC converter The problem of reduced system power generation caused by increased system power generation.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a control block diagram of a photovoltaic DC converter in an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a power balancer in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with power balancer of the present invention includes N photovoltaic DC converters, N-1 power balancers, N ⁇ 2; the output terminals of each photovoltaic DC converter are connected in series in sequence After connecting to the DC grid, the input terminals of each photovoltaic DC converter are independent of each other, and are respectively connected to the output terminal of the corresponding photovoltaic power generation unit; among the photovoltaic DC converters arranged in series, the two adjacent photovoltaic DC converters are connected in series.
  • a power balancer is set between the input terminals; N-1 power balancers are respectively set corresponding to the set N-1 photovoltaic DC converters, and are used to balance the input power of the corresponding photovoltaic DC converters to eliminate The difference of the output voltage of each photovoltaic DC converter.
  • the photovoltaic power generation unit in the present invention can be a photovoltaic module, or a photovoltaic string or a photovoltaic array.
  • the photovoltaic power generation unit is a photovoltaic array.
  • N sets of photovoltaic arrays 101 are respectively arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with N sets of photovoltaic DC converters 103, and the N sets of photovoltaic DC converters 103 are connected in series after passing through high voltage.
  • the DC line 104 is connected to the DC power grid 105, a power balancer 102 is arranged between two adjacent photovoltaic DC converters 103, and the power balancer 102 is respectively connected to the input ends of the two adjacent photovoltaic DC converters 103.
  • each photovoltaic DC converter detects the output voltage V PV and output current I PV of its corresponding photovoltaic array in real time, and then passes the maximum power
  • the tracking controller implements the maximum power tracking algorithm, given the MPPT reference voltage V PV-ref , and then compares the actual output voltage of the photovoltaic array V PV with the given MPPT reference voltage V PV-ref to obtain the voltage difference V PV- e .
  • FIG. 2 shows the photovoltaic DC converter MPPT voltage control loop 201, the photovoltaic DC converter input current control loop 202, the MPPT control algorithm module 203, the MPPT voltage controller 204, and the photovoltaic DC converter input current controller 205.
  • Power balancer includes a control signal input terminal, a main power circuit, a current path connecting terminal; controlling an output voltage value of the input signal V i for acquiring the corresponding photovoltaic DC converter, the mean value of the inverter output voltage DC photovoltaic units N V a ;
  • the main power circuit is used to control the current between the input ends of the two photovoltaic DC converters based on the difference between Vi and V a; the two ends of the current path connection ends are respectively corresponding to the input ends of the two photovoltaic DC converters Connection, used to establish a current path.
  • Fig. 3 shows the output voltage control loop 301 of the photovoltaic DC converter and the output voltage controller 302 of the photovoltaic DC converter.
  • each photovoltaic DC converter When the input power of each photovoltaic DC converter in the series system is equalized, each photovoltaic DC converter can normally achieve maximum power tracking, running in the maximum power tracking mode, and almost no current flows in the power balancer; when in the series system When the input power of each photovoltaic DC converter is unbalanced, each photovoltaic DC converter can still achieve maximum power tracking normally and run in maximum power tracking mode. At this time, by detecting the actual output voltage and average output of each photovoltaic DC converter The relationship between voltage, control the work of the power balancer, there will be current flowing in the power balancer, the direction of the current is determined by the relationship between the actual output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter and the average output voltage, so that each photovoltaic in the series system can be realized. The input power of the DC converter is balanced, and the output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter is maintained at the average output voltage.
  • a bypass circuit is provided in the power balancer, and a short circuit is provided at the output of the photovoltaic DC converter; when any photovoltaic DC converter fails, the corresponding photovoltaic DC converter can be
  • the power generation unit is connected to the adjacent photovoltaic DC converter connected to its corresponding power balancer, and at the same time, the output terminal of the failed photovoltaic DC converter is short-circuited through the short circuit to maintain the output terminal of each photovoltaic DC converter Connect to the DC grid in series. In this way, the photovoltaic array can continue to output power.
  • the photovoltaic DC converter adopts a dual closed-loop control strategy of input voltage and input current for maximum power tracking control.
  • the power balancer adopts closed-loop control of the output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter.
  • all photovoltaic DC converters must limit the output voltage, and all power balancers must limit the current to ensure the equipment safety of the photovoltaic DC converters and power balancers.
  • the control of the large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with power balancer of the present invention can be divided into two parts.
  • One part is the control of each photovoltaic DC converter in the series system.
  • the controllers of all photovoltaic DC converters in the series system are It can be regarded as independent of each other, mainly realizing the maximum power tracking control of the corresponding photovoltaic array, adopting the dual closed-loop control strategy of input voltage and input current; the other part is the control of N-1 power balancers in the series system, and the power of each unit is balanced.
  • the controller is mainly controlled by the relationship between the real-time output voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic DC converter and its average output voltage, and the closed-loop control of the output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter is adopted.
  • the adaptive coordinated control of N photovoltaic DC converters and N-1 power balancers in the series system can be realized.
  • the system includes 3 photovoltaic arrays, 3 photovoltaic DC converters, and 2 power Balancer; a power balancer 1 is provided between the input terminals of the photovoltaic direct current converter 1 and the photovoltaic direct current converter 2, and a power balancer 2 is provided between the photovoltaic direct current converter 2 and the input end of the photovoltaic direct current converter 3; 3 photovoltaics
  • the output terminals of the DC converters are connected in series after being connected to the DC grid.
  • the output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter 3 is lower than the average value of the output voltages of all photovoltaic DC converters, and the power balancer 1 diverts the current I 11 from the input end of the photovoltaic DC converter 1 and divides the first
  • the output current I PV1 of a photovoltaic array is changed to I in1 as the input of the photovoltaic DC converter 1, and the current I 12 is merged into the output current I PV2 of the photovoltaic array corresponding to the photovoltaic DC converter 2 after the power balancer 1;
  • the power balancer 2 divides the current I 21 from the input terminal of the photovoltaic DC converter 2 and changes the combined current value of the output current I PV1 and I 12 of the first photovoltaic array to I in2 as the input of the photovoltaic DC converter 2 , And merge the current I 22 into the output current I PV3 of the photovoltaic array corresponding to the photovoltaic DC converter 3 after the power balancer 2 to obtain the input current I in3
  • the power balance method of a large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system is based on the above-mentioned large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer. After the system meets the starting conditions and starts, each photovoltaic The DC converter gradually enters the maximum power tracking mode, and each power balancer balances the input power of its corresponding photovoltaic DC converter;
  • the photovoltaic DC converter is working in the maximum power tracking mode, and there is at least one photovoltaic DC converter in the series system whose output voltage is less than the average output voltage of the converter, that is, in the series system each stage photovoltaic inverter input DC power is not balanced, this time, the i-th power balancer work, have a negative current based on the difference of V a and V i, for the i-th PV DC converter corresponding photovoltaic cell
  • the output current is shunted to reduce the input current of the i-th photovoltaic DC converter, thereby reducing the input power and output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter, and the compensation input power and output voltage are lower than the average input power and average output of the converter Voltage photovoltaic DC converters, finally realize the balance of input power and output voltage of all photovoltaic DC converters in the series system.
  • the photovoltaic DC converter works in the maximum power tracking mode, and there is at least one photovoltaic DC converter in the series system whose output voltage is greater than the average output voltage of the converter, that is, in the series system each stage photovoltaic inverter input DC power is not balanced, this time, the i-th power balancer to work, based on the difference between the forward current and V i V a, and the i-th PV DC converter corresponding photovoltaic cell
  • the output currents are combined to increase the input current of the i-th photovoltaic DC converter, thereby increasing the input power and output voltage of the photovoltaic DC converter, and eliminating the input power and output voltage is greater than the average input power and average output voltage of the converter
  • the photovoltaic DC converters finally realize the equalization of the input power and output voltage of all photovoltaic DC converters in the series system.
  • the photovoltaic DC converter without a power balancer always adopts the maximum power tracking closed-loop control to make it run in the maximum power tracking mode, and performs output voltage limiting control on the photovoltaic DC converter to ensure the safety of the photovoltaic DC converter.
  • a photovoltaic DC power generation system includes N groups of photovoltaic power generation units, and also includes the above-mentioned large-scale photovoltaic DC series boost grid-connected system with a power balancer.

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Abstract

一种具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统及功率平衡方法,该并网系统包括N台光伏直流变换器(103)、N-1台功率平衡器(102),N≥2;各光伏直流变换器的输出端依次串联后接入直流电网(105),各光伏直流变换器的输入端分别与光伏发电单元(101)的输出端连接;顺次串联设置的各光伏直流变换器中,相邻两台光伏直流变换器的输入端之间设置有功率平衡器;N-1台功率平衡器分别与设定的N-1台光伏直流变换器对应设置,用于对相应的光伏直流变换器的输入进行功率均衡,以消除各台光伏直流变换器输出电压的差异。该并网系统解决了由于系统中各光伏直流变换器输入功率不匹配导致的弃光与光伏直流变换器输出过电压问题,提高了系统发电量。

Description

具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统 技术领域
本发明属于光伏发电技术领域,具体涉及一种具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统。
背景技术
太阳能光伏、风电等新能源开发利用是解决能源危机与环境问题的重要途径。目前已出现较多的百万千瓦级光伏基地。传统大型光伏电站通常以集中交流汇集、升压、通过中高压交流并入交流输电网。随着光伏电站的大型化、规模化集中并网接入,传统交流并网方式出现谐波谐振、无法消纳送出、需要大容量无功补偿等问题,而且交流并网所需电能转换设备和变换环节多、效率低等问题。
随着中高压柔性直流输电的快速发展,目前提出光伏直流升压汇集接入方案,可以有效避免传统光伏电站交流并网送出问题,并且光伏直流并网可以减少电能变换环节、节省电能变换设备、降低系统成本、提高系统整体效率,具有明显的经济技术优势。特别是光伏直流串联升压并网系统,目前成为研究热点。光伏直流串联升压并网系统的技术难点在于,当串联系统中各光伏直流变换器输入功率不匹配时,将导致光伏直流变换器输出过电压问题,同时会造成光伏直流变换器弃光问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题,即为了解决大型光伏电站中光伏直流变换器串联升压并网系统由于系统中各光伏直流变换器输入 功率不匹配导致的弃光与光伏直流变换器输出过电压问题,本发明的一方面,提出了一种具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,该系统包括N台光伏直流变换器、N-1台功率平衡器,N≥2。
各光伏直流变换器的输出端依次串联后接入直流电网,各光伏直流变换器的输入端分别与光伏发电单元的输出端连接;
顺次串联设置的各光伏直流变换器中,相邻两台光伏直流变换器的输入端之间设置有功率平衡器;
N-1台功率平衡器分别与设定的N-1台光伏直流变换器对应设置,用于对相应的光伏直流变换器的输入进行功率均衡,以消除各台光伏直流变换器输出电压的差异。
在一些优选实施方式中,所述功率平衡器包括控制信号输入端、主功率电路、电流通路连接端;
所述控制信号输入端用于获取其对应的光伏直流变换器的输出电压值V i、N台光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a
所述主功率电路用于基于V i与V a的差值控制两个光伏直流变换器输入端之间的电流;
所述电流通路连接端的两端分别与对应的两台光伏直流变换器的输入端连接,用于建立电流通路。
在一些优选实施方式中,“基于V i与V a的差值控制两个光伏直流变换器输入端之间的电流”,其方法为:
当V i>V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生负向电流,对第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行分流,以减小第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流;
当V i<V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生正向电流,与第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行合流,以增加第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流。
在一些优选实施方式中,所述功率平衡器中设置有旁路电路、所述光伏直流变换器输出端设置有短接电路;当任一光伏直流变换器故障时,可以通过所述旁路电路将其对应的光伏发电单元接入其对应的功率平衡器所连接的相邻光伏直流变换器,同时通过所述短接电路将该故障的光伏直流变换器的输出端短路,以维持各光伏直流变换器的输出端串联后接入直流电网的通路。
在一些优选实施方式中,所述光伏直流变换器采用输入电压与输入电流双闭环控制策略进行最大功率跟踪控制。
在一些优选实施方式中,所述功率平衡器采用光伏直流变换器输出电压闭环控制。
本发明的第二方面,提出了一种大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统的功率平衡方法,基于上述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,各功率平衡器分别对其对应的光伏直流变换器的输入功率进行均衡,包括:
所述大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统正常启动后,获取第i个光伏直流变换器的输出电压值V i、N台光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a,并进行以下均衡控制:
当V i=V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器不工作;
当V i>V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生负向电流,对第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行分流,以减小第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流;
当V i<V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生正向电流,与第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行合流,以增加第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流。
在一些优选实施方式中,未配置功率平衡器的光伏直流变换器,始终采用最大功率跟踪闭环控制使其运行在最大功率跟踪模式,并对该光伏直流变换器进行输出电压限幅控制。
本发明的第三方面,提出了一种光伏直流发电系统,包括N组光伏发电单元,还包括上述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明可以解决光伏直流串联升压并网系统中各台光伏直流变换器输入功率不匹配情况下导致的弃光问题和过电压问题;解决了因各台光伏直流变换器输入功率不匹配情况下造成的系统发电量降低的问题,提高了系统发电量。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本申请的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1是本发明一种实施例的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统示意图;
图2是本发明一种实施例中的光伏直流变换器控制框图;
图3是本发明一种实施例中的功率平衡器控制框图;
图4是本发明一种实施例中N=3时的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的 实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明,而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是,为了便于描述,附图中仅示出了与有关发明相关的部分。
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
本发明的一种具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,包括N台光伏直流变换器、N-1台功率平衡器,N≥2;各光伏直流变换器的输出端依次串联后接入直流电网,各光伏直流变换器的输入端相互独立,分别与对应的光伏发电单元的输出端连接;顺次串联设置的各光伏直流变换器中,相邻两台光伏直流变换器的输入端之间设置有功率平衡器;N-1台功率平衡器分别与设定的N-1台光伏直流变换器对应设置,用于对相应的光伏直流变换器的输入进行功率均衡,以消除各台光伏直流变换器输出电压的差异。
本发明中的光伏发电单元可以为光伏组件,还可以为光伏组串或光伏阵列。本实施例中,光伏发电单元为光伏阵列,如图1所示,N组光伏阵列101分别与N台光伏直流变换器103一一对应设置,N台光伏直流变换器103顺次串联后通过高压直流线路104接入直流电网105,相邻两台光伏直流变换器103之间设置有功率平衡器102,功率平衡器102分别与相邻两台光伏直流变换器103的输入端连接。
如图2所示,具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统中,各台光伏直流变换器实时检测其对应的光伏阵列的输出电压V PV和输出电流I PV,然后通过最大功率跟踪控制器(MPPT)实现最大功率跟踪算法,给定MPPT参考电压V PV-ref,然后将光伏阵列实际输出电压V PV 与给定MPPT参考电压V PV-ref做比较得到电压差值V PV-e,通过电压控制器后给出光伏直流变换器输入电流参考值I in *,再将光伏直流变换器的实际输入电流I in与输入电流参考值I in *进行比较得到电流差值I in_e,通过电流控制器后给出该光伏直流变换器的控制占空比D,最终实现光伏直流变换器最大功率跟踪双闭环控制。图2中显示了光伏直流变换器MPPT电压控制环201、光伏直流变换器输入电流控制环202,MPPT控制算法模块203,MPPT电压控制器204,光伏直流变换器输入电流控制器205。
功率平衡器包括控制信号输入端、主功率电路、电流通路连接端;控制信号输入端用于获取其对应的光伏直流变换器的输出电压值V i、N台光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a;主功率电路用于基于V i与V a的差值控制两个光伏直流变换器输入端之间的电流;电流通路连接端的两端分别与对应的两台光伏直流变换器的输入端连接,用于建立电流通路。如图3所示,在第i个功率平衡器中将其对应的第i个光伏直流变换器实时检测其输出电压V i,与所有光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a(V a=V s/N,其中V s为所有光伏直流变换器输出电压值之和)做比较得到电压差值V i_e,通过电压控制器后给出该功率平衡器的控制占空比d,进而控制该功率平衡器中电流的导通方向和电流大小。图3中显示了光伏直流变换器输出电压控制环301,光伏直流变换器输出电压控制器302。
当串联系统中各台光伏直流变换器输入功率均衡时,各台光伏直流变换器都能够正常实现最大功率跟踪,运行在最大功率跟踪模式,功率平衡器中几乎没有电流流过;当串联系统中各台光伏直流变换器输入功率不均衡时,各台光伏直流变换器依然能够正常实现最大功率跟踪,运行在最大功率跟踪模式,此时通过检测各台光伏直流变换器的实际输出电压与平均输出电压的关系,控制功率平衡器工作,功率平衡器中将会有电流流过,电流的方向由光伏直流变换器的实际输出电压与平均输出 电压的关系决定,由此可以实现串联系统中各光伏直流变换器的输入功率平衡,并使光伏直流变换器的输出电压维持在平均输出电压。
功率平衡器中基于V i与V a的差值控制两个光伏直流变换器输入端之间的电流,其方法为:
当V i>V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生负向电流,对第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行分流,以减小第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流;
当V i<V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生正向电流,与第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行合流,以增加第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流。
本实施例中功率平衡器中设置有旁路电路、所述光伏直流变换器输出端设置有短接电路;当任一光伏直流变换器故障时,可以通过所述旁路电路将其对应的光伏发电单元接入其对应的功率平衡器所连接的相邻光伏直流变换器,同时通过所述短接电路将该故障的光伏直流变换器的输出端短路,以维持各光伏直流变换器的输出端串联接入直流电网的通路。这样可以实现此光伏阵列继续输出功率。
本实施例中光伏直流变换器采用输入电压与输入电流双闭环控制策略进行最大功率跟踪控制。功率平衡器采用光伏直流变换器输出电压闭环控制。
本实施例中所有光伏直流变换器都要对输出电压进行限幅,而所有功率平衡器都要对电流进行限幅,以保证光伏直流变换器和功率平衡器的设备安全。
本发明的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统控制可以分为两部分,一部分是串联系统中各台光伏直流变换器的控制,串联系统中所有光伏直流变换器的控制器都可以看作相互独立,主要实现其对应的光伏阵列的最大功率跟踪控制,采用输入电压与输入电流 双闭环控制策略;另一部分是串联系统中N-1台功率平衡器的控制,各台功率平衡器主要由其对应的光伏直流变换器的实时输出电压与其平均输出电压的关系实现控制,采用光伏直流变换器输出电压闭环控制。由此可以实现串联系统中N台光伏直流变换器与N-1台功率平衡器的自适应协调控制。
如图4所示为N=3时的一种具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统实施例,该系统中,包含3个光伏阵列、3个光伏直流变换器、2个功率平衡器;光伏直流变换器1与光伏直流变换器2输入端之间设置有功率平衡器1,光伏直流变换器2与光伏直流变换器3输入端之间设置有功率平衡器2;3个光伏直流变换器输出端顺次串联后接入直流电网。该图所示的系统中,光伏直流变换器3的输出电压低于所有光伏直流变换器输出电压的平均值,功率平衡器1从光伏直流变换器1的输入端分流出电流I 11,将第一个光伏阵列的输出电流I PV1变化为I in1作为光伏直流变换器1的输入,并经功率平衡器1后将电流I 12合并入光伏直流变换器2对应的光伏阵列的输出电流I PV2;功率平衡器2从光伏直流变换器2的输入端分流出电流I 21,将第一个光伏阵列的输出电流I PV1与I 12合并后的电流值变化为I in2作为光伏直流变换器2的输入,并经功率平衡器2后将电流I 22合并入光伏直流变换器3对应的光伏阵列的输出电流I PV3,得到光伏直流变换器3的输入电流I in3;3个光伏直流变换器的输出电压分别为V 1、V 2、V 3,合并后的电压为V S
本发明一种实施例的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统的功率平衡方法,基于上述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,系统在满足启动条件启动后,各台光伏直流变换器逐渐进入最大功 率跟踪模式,各功率平衡器分别对其对应的光伏直流变换器的输入功率进行均衡;
以第i个光伏直流变换器及其对应的第i个功率平衡器为例,获取第i个光伏直流变换器的输出电压值V i、N台光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a,并进行以下均衡控制:
(1)当V i=V a时,此时该光伏直流变换器工作在最大功率跟踪模式,并且与之对应的第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器不工作,即第i个功率平衡器中无电流流过;
(2)当V i>V a时,此时该光伏直流变换器工作在最大功率跟踪模式,而串联系统中至少存在一台光伏直流变换器输出电压小于变换器平均输出电压,即串联系统中各台光伏直流变换器输入功率不均衡,此时,第i个功率平衡器开始工作,基于V i与V a的差值产生负向电流,对第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行分流,以减小第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流,从而降低该光伏直流变换器输入功率与输出电压,而补偿输入功率和输出电压低于变换器平均输入功率与平均输出电压的光伏直流变换器,最终实现串联系统中所有光伏直流变换器输入功率与输出电压均衡。
(3)当V i<V a时,此时该光伏直流变换器工作在最大功率跟踪模式,而串联系统中至少存在一台光伏直流变换器输出电压大于变换器平均输出电压,即串联系统中各台光伏直流变换器输入功率不均衡,此时,第i个功率平衡器开始工作,基于V i与V a的差值产生正向电流,与第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行合流,以增加第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流,从而增大该光伏直流变换器输入功率与输出电压,而消除输入功率和输出电压大于变换器平均输入功率与平均输出电压的光伏直流变换器,最终实现串联系统中所有光伏直流变换器输入功率与输出电压均衡。
未配置功率平衡器的光伏直流变换器,始终采用最大功率跟踪闭环控制使其运行在最大功率跟踪模式,并对该光伏直流变换器进行输出电压限幅控制,保证光伏直流变换器的安全。
本发明一种实施例的光伏直流发电系统,包括N组光伏发电单元,还包括上述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统。
所属技术领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,上述描述的光伏直流发电系统的具体工作过程及有关说明,可以参考前述具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
术语“包括”或者任何其它类似用语旨在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备/装置不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其它要素,或者还包括这些过程、方法、物品或者设备/装置所固有的要素。
至此,已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案,但是,本领域技术人员容易理解的是,本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下,本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征做出等同的更改或替换,这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,其特征在于,该系统包括N台光伏直流变换器、N-1台功率平衡器,N≥2;
    各光伏直流变换器的输出端依次串联后接入直流电网,各光伏直流变换器的输入端分别与光伏发电单元的输出端连接;
    顺次串联设置的各光伏直流变换器中,相邻两台光伏直流变换器的输入端之间设置有功率平衡器;
    N-1台功率平衡器分别与设定的N-1台光伏直流变换器对应设置,用于对相应的光伏直流变换器的输入进行功率均衡,以消除各台光伏直流变换器输出电压的差异。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,其特征在于,所述功率平衡器包括控制信号输入端、主功率电路、电流通路连接端;
    所述控制信号输入端用于获取其对应的光伏直流变换器的输出电压值V i、N台光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a
    所述主功率电路用于基于V i与V a的差值控制两个光伏直流变换器输入端之间的电流;
    所述电流通路连接端的两端分别与对应的两台光伏直流变换器的输入端连接,用于建立电流通路。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,其特征在于,“基于V i与V a的差值控制两个光伏直流变换器输入端之间的电流”,其方法为:
    当V i>V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的 差值产生负向电流,对第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行分流,以减小第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流;
    当V i<V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生正向电流,与第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行合流,以增加第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,其特征在于,所述功率平衡器中设置有旁路电路、所述光伏直流变换器输出端设置有短接电路;当任一光伏直流变换器故障时,可以通过所述旁路电路将其对应的光伏发电单元接入其对应的功率平衡器所连接的相邻光伏直流变换器,同时通过所述短接电路将该故障的光伏直流变换器的输出端短路,以维持各光伏直流变换器的输出端串联后接入直流电网的通路。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,其特征在于,所述光伏直流变换器采用输入电压与输入电流双闭环控制策略进行最大功率跟踪控制。
  6. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,其特征在于,所述功率平衡器采用光伏直流变换器输出电压闭环控制。
  7. 一种大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统的功率平衡方法,其特征在于,基于权利要求1-6任一项所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统,各功率平衡器分别对其对应的光伏直流变换器的输入功率进行均衡,包括:
    所述大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统正常启动后,获取第i个光伏直流变换器的输出电压值V i、N台光伏直流变换器输出电压值的均值V a,并进行以下均衡控制:
    当V i=V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器不工作;
    当V i>V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生负向电流,对第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行分流,以减小第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流;
    当V i<V a时,第i个光伏直流变换器对应的功率平衡器基于V i与V a的差值产生正向电流,与第i个光伏直流变换器对应的光伏发电单元的输出电流进行合流,以增加第i个光伏直流变换器的输入电流。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统的功率平衡方法,其特征在于,未配置功率平衡器的光伏直流变换器,始终采用最大功率跟踪闭环控制使其运行在最大功率跟踪模式,并对该光伏直流变换器进行输出电压限幅控制。
  9. 一种光伏直流发电系统,包括N组光伏发电单元,其特征在于,还包括权利要求1-6任一项所述的具有功率平衡器的大型光伏直流串联升压并网系统。
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