WO2021072605A1 - 模组化终端 - Google Patents

模组化终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021072605A1
WO2021072605A1 PCT/CN2019/111090 CN2019111090W WO2021072605A1 WO 2021072605 A1 WO2021072605 A1 WO 2021072605A1 CN 2019111090 W CN2019111090 W CN 2019111090W WO 2021072605 A1 WO2021072605 A1 WO 2021072605A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
terminal
power
modular
interface
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PCT/CN2019/111090
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘宣
唐悦
叶阿辽沙
张海龙
窦健
郑国权
卢继哲
Original Assignee
中国电力科学研究院有限公司
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Application filed by 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 filed Critical 中国电力科学研究院有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2019/111090 priority Critical patent/WO2021072605A1/zh
Publication of WO2021072605A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021072605A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08CTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C19/00Electric signal transmission systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08CTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of power terminals, and in particular to a modular terminal.
  • This application provides a modular terminal.
  • a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the present application includes: a main body and functional modules;
  • the main body part includes: a power exchange module, a processing display module, and a super capacitor module;
  • the power supply exchange module is used to provide power as the main power supply of the modular terminal
  • the processing and display module is connected to the power supply interchange module for information processing and display;
  • the super capacitor module is connected to the power supply exchange module and includes one or more super capacitors for providing electric energy as a backup power source of the modular terminal;
  • the function module is detachably connected to the processing display module through the interface, and is used for a predetermined function after being connected to the processing display module.
  • the functional module includes at least one of the following:
  • a remote communication module for remote communication of the modular terminal based on a wireless public network
  • Remote signal pulse module used to send and receive remote signal pulse signals
  • a local communication module for performing local communication of the modular terminal
  • the MBUS communication module of the remote meter reading system is used to transmit the data of the water meter, gas meter and/or heat meter;
  • the control module is used to control the polling of the control function in the modular terminal.
  • the power supply exchange module includes:
  • Power supply module power input terminal and AC pulse output terminal
  • the power module includes a base and connection terminals arranged on the base;
  • the base is provided with a connecting terminal for connecting the super capacitor module, a connecting terminal for connecting with the processing display module, and a high-power connector for connecting the functional module;
  • connection terminal for the connection of the super circuit module is located on the top of the base;
  • connection terminal for connection with the processing display module is located on both sides of the base;
  • the power supply for the connection of the functional module The plug-in piece is located on the side of the base and at the bottom of the base;
  • the alternating sampling pulse output terminal is used to connect to a power source capable of providing electrical energy for inputting electrical energy;
  • the exchange pulse interface is used to output a second pulse signal.
  • the power input terminal includes:
  • the alternating sampling pulse output terminal includes:
  • the power supply exchange module further includes:
  • the communication terminal is used for the communication of external power supply for power transmission.
  • the processing and display module is installed with an embedded operating system based on Linux;
  • the embedded operating system is divided into a platform layer, a library and an application software framework;
  • the platform layer is used to abstract hardware resources and provide a functional interface with the application software APP installed in the modular terminal;
  • the library is located between the platform layer and the application software framework;
  • the application software framework is used for installation between APPs, and provides management and message communication of the APPs.
  • the platform layer includes:
  • the operating system adaptation layer is used to abstract the embedded operating system and provide a unified programming interface for the platform in the modular terminal;
  • the device interface layer is connected with the hardware driver to provide a unified interface for the hardware driver
  • the device manager is respectively connected with the device interface layer and the hardware driver, and is used for APP monitoring and management of the platform layer.
  • the operating system adaptation layer is specifically used to abstract and encapsulate processes, threads, message queues, clocks, timers, mutexes, semaphores, and memory.
  • the device interface layer is specifically used to shield hardware differences and provide a unified interface layer driven by hardware to the APP in the library and application software framework.
  • the library includes:
  • the third-party tool library provides abstract packaging of third-party tools.
  • the main body part includes:
  • the main function board is installed in the terminal bracket and located on the upper layer of the terminal base;
  • the main function board is a power exchange board that constitutes the power exchange module and a capacitor board that provides the installation of the super capacitor module;
  • An inner cover installed in the terminal bracket and covering the main function board; wherein the inner cover is provided with an installation position for the display processing module and an installation position for the functional module;
  • One or more through holes are also provided on the inner cover plate for the power interface provided by the power exchange module to be exposed and to be connected with the processing display module and the function module;
  • the processing display module is installed on the inner cover and is connected through the power interface of the power exchange module exposed through the opening on the inner cover; wherein, the processing display module is used as a component of the head of the modular terminal , Wherein the head of the modular terminal and the tail of the modular terminal are two components at opposite positions of the modular terminal.
  • the modular terminal includes a capacitor warehouse
  • the capacitor bin is located above the inner cover, wherein the super capacitor module is installed on the inner cover and the capacitor connection terminals exposed by the through holes are connected to the power exchange module;
  • the capacitor bin is located under the inner cover, wherein a capacitor bin cover is installed on the inner cover, wherein the capacitor bin cover is opened and the capacitor bin is exposed; the capacitor bin cover is closed ,
  • the capacitor compartment cover constitutes an installation position of the functional module.
  • the functional modules can be detachably connected to the display processing module of the main part.
  • the required functional modules can be selected to be added to the modular terminal according to different application scenarios.
  • the introduction of unnecessary functional modules reduces the hardware cost caused by unnecessary functional modules.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of assembly of a modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of assembly of another modular terminal provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of processing a display module according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of assembling a processing display module according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of assembly of another processing display module provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the software of the modular terminal provided by this application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of another software of the modular terminal provided by this application.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of front-end and back-end processing of a processing display module provided by an embodiment of the application;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a terminal block
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of functional modules
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of fixing a functional module according to an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of a time calibration provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a task deployment provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of Usb driving processing provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a software upgrade provided by an embodiment of this application.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of an MCU performing device control
  • FIG. 22 is a positioning method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 23 is a broadcast message processing method provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection circuit provided by an embodiment of the application.
  • this embodiment provides a modular terminal, which includes: a main body and functional modules;
  • the main body part includes: a power exchange module, a processing display module, and a super capacitor module;
  • the power supply exchange module is used to provide power as the main power supply of the modular terminal
  • the processing and display module is connected to the power supply interchange module for information processing and display;
  • the super capacitor module is connected to the power supply exchange module and includes one or more super capacitors for providing electric energy as a backup power source of the modular terminal;
  • the function module is detachably connected to the processing display module through the interface, and is used for a predetermined function after being connected to the processing display module.
  • the modular terminal provided in this embodiment may be various Internet of Things (IoT) terminals.
  • the Internet of Things terminal can be smart water meters, smart electricity meters, gas meters, heat meters, smart air purifiers, smart lighting control equipment, etc.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the interior of the modular terminal; Fig. 3 is an exploded schematic view of the modular terminal.
  • 4 is a schematic front view of the modular terminal shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
  • the modular terminal includes a transparent flip cover and a non-transparent tail cover located under the transparent flip cover.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the transparent flip cover;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the transparent flip cover being opened.
  • the transparent flip cover can be a waterproof and dustproof top cover, which can protect each module in the modular terminal.
  • the tail cover covers the positions of various interfaces or connection terminals of the modular terminal to protect the interfaces and/or connection terminals.
  • the display processing module and the functional modules are all exposed on the front surface of the modular terminal.
  • the processing and display module is used for the information processing and display of the modular terminal.
  • the display processing module is exposed on the front surface of the modular terminal to facilitate users to watch the information displayed by the display processing module.
  • the functional modules are exposed on the front surface of the modular terminal, which can facilitate the user to see the functional modules currently included in the modular terminal, and also facilitate the user to remove the functional modules that are not currently needed.
  • Fig. 6 is the back of the modular terminal, and a structure for installing the modular terminal is provided on the back of the modular terminal.
  • the modular terminal in FIG. 6 includes a suspension component, and the modular terminal can be hung on a wall or the like.
  • the suspension includes but is not limited to a hook.
  • the main body part includes: a terminal bracket
  • the main function board is installed in the terminal bracket and located on the upper layer of the terminal base;
  • the main function board is a power exchange board that constitutes the power exchange module and a capacitor board that provides the installation of the super capacitor module;
  • An inner cover installed in the terminal bracket and covering the main function board; wherein the inner cover is provided with an installation position for the display processing module and an installation position for the functional module;
  • One or more through holes are also provided on the inner cover plate for the power interface provided by the power exchange module to be exposed and to be connected with the processing display module and the function module;
  • the processing display module is installed on the inner cover and is connected through the power interface of the power exchange module exposed through the opening on the inner cover; wherein, the processing display module is used as a component of the head of the modular terminal , Wherein the head of the modular terminal and the tail of the modular terminal are two components at opposite positions of the modular terminal.
  • the main body of the modular terminal described in the embodiments of the present application is simply referred to as "main body".
  • the terminal block is installed on the main body, specifically on the terminal bracket of the main body; then install the power exchange board and the capacitor board; install the inner cover on the power exchange board and the capacitor board .
  • a through hole is provided on the inner cover plate to expose the interface on the power supply exchange board and the capacitor board.
  • the processing display module and the functional module are installed on the built-in board.
  • the tail cover which covers the various connection lists centrally arranged on the terminal block in the modular terminal. Finally, close the transparent flip cover.
  • a waterproof structure is provided on the outer edge of the terminal bracket, and the waterproof structure includes but is not limited to a waterproof eaves.
  • the waterproof structure includes but is not limited to a waterproof eaves.
  • the transparent bracket is made of waterproof material with waterproof function.
  • the terminal bracket is also provided with a sealing ring matched with the transparent flip cover, and the sealing ring is used for waterproofing the transparent terminal after the transparent flip cover is covered.
  • the modular terminal includes a capacitor bin
  • the capacitor bin is located above the inner cover, wherein the super capacitor module is installed on the inner cover and the capacitor connection terminals exposed by the through holes are connected to the power exchange module;
  • the capacitor bin is located under the inner cover, wherein a capacitor bin cover is installed on the inner cover, wherein the capacitor bin cover is opened and the capacitor bin is exposed; the capacitor bin cover is closed ,
  • the capacitor compartment cover constitutes an installation position of the functional module.
  • the main body contains a capacitor compartment.
  • the super capacitor module includes one or more super capacitors. These super capacitors can be installed in the capacitor compartment.
  • the capacitor compartment and the functional module are installed on the inner cover. On the other hand, it makes full use of the space of the terminal bracket, and on the other hand, it provides more space for installing functional modules.
  • the power supply exchange module can adopt a small size, high power factor, and high withstand voltage switching power supply; its advantage is that it can effectively improve the power factor of the electricity consumption information acquisition equipment, reduce harmonic interference, and improve the power quality of the power grid. At the same time, the insulation strength between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit of the power supply is improved, and the reliability is increased. At the same time, the planar transformer solution is adopted, which can effectively reduce the volume of the power module and facilitate field installation and use.
  • the exchange part of the power exchange module adopts a multifunctional high-precision, low-power, three-phase electric energy dedicated metering chip with zero line current, which is suitable for three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire AC analog quantity acquisition and electric energy metering applications.
  • the working temperature range for the normal operation of the power supply exchange module is: -40°C to +75°C.
  • the working power supply provided by the power supply exchange module uses AC three-phase power supply.
  • the power supply has a phase failure, that is, when the three-phase four-wire power supply is supplied, any one or two power lines (including the phase line or the neutral line) are disconnected.
  • the module can work normally.
  • the power supply of the power supply exchange module When the power supply of the power supply exchange module is powered by a three-phase four-wire distribution network of an ineffective grounding system or a neutral point ungrounded system, in the case of a ground fault and a 10% overvoltage relative to the ground, there is no grounded two
  • the phase-to-ground voltage will reach 1.9 times the nominal voltage. In this case, the module works normally and will not be damaged.
  • the AC magnetic flux density generated by the power exchange module under normal working conditions is less than 0.5 mT.
  • the input index of the power exchange module rated voltage: 3 ⁇ 57.7V/100V, 3 ⁇ 220V/380V, 3 ⁇ 100V, allowable deviation -20% ⁇ +20%; frequency: 50Hz, allowable deviation -6% ⁇ +2%; no-load loss: ⁇ 0.5W (measured value at three-phase rated voltage); power factor: >0.9 (three-phase rated voltage, measured value at full load).
  • the input index is used to limit the power supply of the power exchange module.
  • the output index of the power exchange module output voltage: DC12V ⁇ 0.1V; voltage adjustment rate: ⁇ 1%; load adjustment rate: ⁇ 1%; output ripple: 1% (three-phase rated voltage, load current 100% Output power: 11W; Discrete noise: 3.4kHz ⁇ 150kHz range is the first frequency band, requiring less than 5mV; 150kHz ⁇ 200kHz range is the second frequency band, requiring less than 3mV; 200kHz ⁇ 500kHz range is the third The frequency band is required to be less than 2mV; the range of 500kHz to 30MHz is the fourth frequency band, which is required to be less than 1mV.
  • the processing display module may include the following parts:
  • the display screen which may be a liquid crystal display screen, an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display screen, or an electronic ink display screen, etc. If it is a liquid crystal display, the parameters can be as follows: liquid crystal display 160*160 dot matrix, the size of the visible window is not less than 58mm*58mm;
  • Function buttons can include 5, respectively: up button, down button, left button, right button and confirm button;
  • USB host (Host) upgrade and maintenance interface A USB host (Host) upgrade and maintenance interface
  • Two LED indicator lights used to indicate the operation and alarm of the modular terminal
  • the function module interface is used for the connection of the function module to exchange information with the function module.
  • the interactive information includes but is not limited to: the information that needs to be displayed provided by the function module and the control information of the control function module of the processing display module;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a processing display module.
  • the processing display module described in FIG. 8 shows a display screen and function keys.
  • the processing display module can be effectively fixed on the terminal bracket by screws and long strips, as shown in Figure 9.
  • the functional module includes at least one of the following:
  • a remote communication module for remote communication of the modular terminal based on a wireless carrier
  • Remote signal pulse module used to send and receive remote signal pulse signals
  • a local communication module for performing local communication of the modular terminal
  • the MBUS communication module of the remote meter reading system is used to transmit various meter reading data
  • the control module is used to control the polling of functions in the modular terminal.
  • the remote communication module and the processing display module use golden fingers as connectors.
  • the communication mode of the remote communication module can be cellular communication, such as GSM, GPRS, CDMA, 3G, 4G, etc., which are used for base stations and terminals.
  • the communication module is not limited to GSM, GPRS, CDMA, 3G, 4G, etc.
  • the remote communication module provides a queryable AT command, which is used to query the data flow. After each network connection, the remote communication module starts to automatically record the data flow, and the flow recording is not terminated until the connection is disconnected. After the remote communication module is powered on, the module will actively report to the processing display module, and the processing display module will identify the remote communication module. When an abnormal event occurs, the module can report the abnormal event in real time without the intervention of the host computer. Under normal working conditions, the average trouble-free working time of the remote communication module shall not be less than 4 ⁇ 104h.
  • the remote communication module supports remote upgrade of the module through the host computer.
  • the remote communication module should have self-test and self-diagnosis functions, and the module can record the daily self-recovery times.
  • the remote communication module has working status and communication status indication.
  • Running light-module program running light, green, steady light indicates that the remote communication module is not online, light on for 1s, off for 1s, indicates that the remote communication module is online; warning light-alarm status indicator, red, light on for 1s off and 1s alternately flashing to indicate the module An alarm message has occurred.
  • the remote signal pulse module includes 2 channels of remote signal input and 2 channels of pulse input.
  • the remote signal input is used for status information such as alarm conditions, switch positions or valve positions, and the pulse input is used to collect the pulse value output by the electric energy meter, and the collected status information and electric energy meter pulse are actively reported to the display module in the storage.
  • the communication parameters of the remote signal pulse module, block and processing display module default to 115200bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, even check.
  • the information report of the remote signal pulse module adopts the method of active report. After the remote signal pulse module is powered on, the module will actively report the command to the processing display module, and the processing display module will identify the remote pulse acquisition module. When an abnormal event occurs, the module can report the abnormal event in real time without the intervention of the host computer.
  • the remote signal pulse module can be upgraded remotely, and the remote signal pulse module supports remote upgrade of the module through the upper computer.
  • the remote signal pulse module supports self-check and self-recovery, and the remote signal pulse module has self-test and self-diagnosis functions.
  • the module can record the number of self-recovery times per day.
  • the input circuit requirements of the remote signal pulse module can be as follows:
  • the pulse input circuit should be able to cooperate with the pulse parameters specified in DL/T 645-2007, and the pulse width is: 80ms ⁇ 20ms.
  • the state input of the remote signal pulse module is a passive open/close switch contact switch input without power.
  • each state quantity is input with a stable DC 12V voltage, its power consumption is less than or equal to 0.2W.
  • the indication function of the remote signal pulse module has working status and communication status indication.
  • Running light-module program running light, green, light on for 1s and off for 1s means the program is running normally, light off means no power on; warning light-alarm status indicator, red, light on for 1s off and 1s flashing alternately to indicate that the module has alarm information.
  • the module After the RS-485 module is powered on, the module will actively report the command to the processing and display module, and the processing and display module will identify the RS-485 module. When an abnormal event occurs, the module can report the abnormal event in real time without the intervention of the host computer.
  • the RS-485 module can be upgraded remotely.
  • the RS-485 module supports remote upgrade of the module through the upper computer.
  • the RS-485 module can self-check and self-recover.
  • the RS-485 module should have self-test and self-diagnosis functions, and the module can record the daily self-recovery times.
  • RS-485 interface transmission rate 1200bps, 2400bps, 4800bps, 9600bps adaptive, the default value is 9600bps.
  • RS-485 module meter reading interface A and B are connected to AC voltage 380V after 4h, the interface function is normal, and the module is not damaged.
  • the RS-485 module uses a low-power, slope-limited drive, half-duplex chip, and the chip specifications are as follows.
  • the common mode input voltage of RS-485 module -7V ⁇ +12V.
  • the differential mode input voltage of the RS-485 module greater than 0.2V.
  • the drive output voltage of the RS-485 module when the load impedance is 54 ⁇ , the maximum is 5V, and the minimum is 1.5V.
  • the RS-485 module has three-state output.
  • the drive capability of the RS-485 module is 64 similar interfaces.
  • the effective transmission distance of the RS-485 module is not less than 1000m.
  • the RS-485 communication module should be capable of anti-static (15kV), anti-surge, and anti-voltage transient performance.
  • the RS-485 module has an alarm output relay; the rated load capacity of the alarm output relay is AC250V/8A or DC28V/5A; the life of the alarm output relay meets AC250V 8A (resistive load) more than 100,000 times; the withstand voltage between the alarm output relay coil and the contact meets : AC3000V50/60Hz 1min; the number of actions of the alarm output relay is not less than 50000 times.
  • the indication function of the RS-485 module may include: indication of working status and communication status.
  • Running light-module program running light green, light on for 1s and off for 1s means the program is running normally, light off means no power on; warning light-alarm status indicator, red, light on for 1s off and 1s flashing alternately to indicate that the module has alarm information.
  • the local communication module adopts the power line carrier communication method or the dedicated frequency band communication method of civil radio, and is used to communicate with the collector and the electric energy meter.
  • the local communication module includes local communication modules such as narrowband carrier, broadband carrier, and micro-power wireless.
  • the communication parameters of the local communication module, the local communication module and the processing display module default to 115200bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, and even check.
  • the local communication module supports active reporting. After the local communication module is powered on, the module will actively report commands to the processing display module, and the processing display module will identify the local communication module. When an abnormal event occurs, the module can report the abnormal event in real time without the intervention of the host computer.
  • the local communication module can be upgraded remotely, for example, the local communication module supports remote upgrade of the module through the upper computer.
  • the local communication module supports self-check and self-recovery.
  • the local communication module should have self-test and self-diagnosis functions.
  • the module can record the daily self-recovery times.
  • the indication function of the local communication module has indications such as working status and communication status.
  • Running light-module program running light red, the light is on for 1s and off for 1s to indicate that the program is running normally, and the light is off to indicate that it is not powered on; warning light-the alarm status indicator, the light is on for 1s and off for 1s to indicate that the module has alarm information.
  • the MBUS communication module of the remote meter reading system includes various wiring terminals.
  • the subscript provides an example of the wiring terminal of the MBUS communication module:
  • Terminal number Terminal function Terminal number Terminal function 1 MBUS1+ 5 MBUS1- 2 Reserved 6 Reserved
  • the control module office wiring terminal The control module office wiring terminal.
  • Terminal number Terminal function Terminal number Terminal function 1 Round one normally open 4 Round two normally open 2 Round-public 5 Round two public 3 Turn off 6 Round two closed
  • the power exchange module includes:
  • Power supply module power input terminal and AC pulse output terminal
  • the power module includes a base and connection terminals arranged on the base;
  • the base is provided with a connecting terminal for connecting the super capacitor module, a connecting terminal for connecting with the processing display module, and a high-power connector for connecting the functional module;
  • connection terminal for the connection of the super circuit module is located on the top of the base;
  • connection terminal for connection with the processing display module is located on both sides of the base;
  • the power supply for the connection of the functional module The plug-in piece is located on the side of the base and at the bottom of the base;
  • the alternating sampling pulse output terminal is used to connect to a power source capable of providing electrical energy for inputting electrical energy;
  • the exchange pulse interface is used to output a second pulse signal.
  • the power input terminal includes: a three-phase current terminal; a three-phase voltage terminal; a remote signal terminal; an auxiliary power input terminal; a voltage neutral terminal;
  • the alternating pulse output terminal includes: an active pulse signal output terminal; a reactive pulse signal output terminal; a second pulse signal output terminal; and a pulse output common ground terminal.
  • the strong electrolytic plug-in shown in Figure 10 is a connection terminal for providing strong power supply.
  • it can be used to connect with the carrier sub-module in the remote communication module to provide strong power supply for wireless communication of the carrier sub-module.
  • the power exchange module further includes:
  • the communication terminal is used for the communication of external power supply for power transmission.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a terminal block, and a variety of terminals are shown on the terminal block shown in FIG. 14. Each type of terminal may include one or more terminals.
  • the power exchange module includes terminals for power transmission, which can be divided into strong current terminals and weak current terminals.
  • the strong current terminal is used for strong current input and/or strong current output.
  • the weak current terminal is used for weak current input and/or weak current output.
  • the processing and display module is installed with a Linux operating system
  • the embedded operating system is divided into a platform layer, a library and an application software framework;
  • the platform layer is used to abstract hardware resources and provide a functional interface with the application software APP installed in the modular terminal;
  • the library is located between the platform layer and the application software framework;
  • the application software framework is used for installation between APPs, and provides management and message communication of the APPs.
  • the operating system is an open source Linux operating system, but products based on the Linux platform have some shortcomings: weak processing performance, unable to achieve high-performance data processing; backward software platform, unable to achieve edge computing, fault location and other technologies; operating system has no specific Technical support manufacturers, slow development of new functions, etc., in order to solve the above shortcomings of the Linux operating system, a modular terminal dedicated operating system was customized, the Linux kernel was optimized and enhanced, and the general business of the electricity information collection industry was completed at the same time Meter reading, communication, security, etc.
  • the operating system consists of two parts:
  • Atomic businesses can be divided into the following categories:
  • Device driver interface network operation, serial port operation, file operation, shared buffer operation, etc.
  • Storage operation interface EEPROM operation, database interface, XML operation, log record operation, etc.;
  • meter driver (97, 07, LGR, ABB, etc.), communication driver (Ethernet, GPRS, CDMA, etc.), ESAM driver, etc.
  • the application software framework is designed based on the object-oriented method, and the software used in each module of the modular terminal is required to conform to the framework and meet the plug-and-play requirements of the new module.
  • Modular terminal application software should be designed as an App running in a unified operating system, and implemented by using the "basic interface” and "common basic business interface” provided by the operating system.
  • processing display module As an example, it should run as a sub-module of the application software App. To realize all the functions of the display module, several business modules need to work together to complete. In order to simplify the difficulty of program implementation, the operating system encapsulates the commonly used business modules, and the application software only needs to call the corresponding interface to achieve it.
  • the processing display module includes: front-end display and background thread.
  • the operating system is responsible for various processing of background threads.
  • the front-end display completes the docking with the background thread through the operating system display interface.
  • the screens displayed at the front end of the processing display module include: always-display screens, rotating-display screens and pop-up screens.
  • the constant display screen is the display interface for polling the corresponding functions of each functional module.
  • the pop-up screen can be the screen corresponding to the processing of scheduled events of the display module and the function module.
  • the often-displayed picture may be a picture displayed other than the rotary display picture and the pop-up picture, and may include: a system picture.
  • the system screen includes a desktop, etc., and screens with a high frequency of display.
  • the platform layer includes:
  • the operating system adaptation layer is used to abstract the embedded operating system and provide a unified programming interface for the platform in the modular terminal;
  • the device interface layer is connected with the hardware driver to provide a unified interface for the hardware driver
  • the device manager is respectively connected with the device interface layer and the hardware driver, and is used for APP monitoring and management of the platform layer.
  • the operating system adaptation layer is specifically used to abstract and encapsulate processes, threads, message queues, clocks, timers, mutexes, semaphores, and memory.
  • the device interface layer is specifically used to shield hardware differences and provide a unified interface layer of hardware drivers to the APP in the library and application software framework.
  • the library includes:
  • the third-party tool library provides abstract packaging of third-party tools.
  • the modular terminal consists of 5 functional modules.
  • the main part of the terminal is the power exchange module.
  • the power exchange module is connected to the processing display module and the super capacitor module.
  • the super capacitor module is fixed inside the terminal, and the function module is connected to the processing display module. Connected, the processing display module has 5 functional module interfaces.
  • the main part includes terminal block, power supply interchange board, capacitor board, transparent flip cover and hooks and other parts.
  • the super capacitor module is placed on the top of the base, and the super capacitor module is placed on the top of the base below the display processing unit.
  • the maximum number of functional modules installed can be 5, the carrier module is installed and fixed on the leftmost side, the remote signal, meter reading and remote control terminals are plug-in types, which are more convenient for field replacement.
  • the communication module SIM installation position is on the bottom surface, for details, please refer to Shown in Figure 15.
  • the functional module is fixed by the shift switch.
  • the fixing method connected by the shift switch can be shown in Figure 16.
  • the power exchange module can include power input terminals.
  • the following table shows the definition of power input terminals.
  • the power exchange and acquisition module may also include: an exchange and acquisition pulse interface.
  • the power exchange module has an external exchange pulse output interface, which outputs the active and reactive pulse signals and the second pulse output through the terminals.
  • the following table is the pin definition description of the pulse output interface.
  • Power supply and exchange module also includes: communication interface
  • the power exchange module external power supply and exchange data communication transmission interface, and the communication interface definition of the power exchange module can be as shown in the following table:
  • the power exchange module can also include: Ethernet communication interface
  • Ethernet communication part of the power exchange module and the processing display module is bridged with the processing display module through the connector.
  • the definition of the Ethernet bridge pin of the Ethernet communication interface can be described in the following table:
  • the power exchange module includes: the connection interface of the super capacitor module, the connection interface includes one or more terminals, the specific description of these terminals can be as follows:
  • the strong current terminals of the power exchange module can be as follows:
  • the processing display module and the functional module are connected by golden fingers as a connector, and the connector is fixed on the processing display module.
  • the definition of the golden finger interface for processing the display module can be as follows:
  • connection terminals included in the transmission interface are defined as follows:
  • the Ethernet communication interface of the processing display module is bridged with the power exchange module through the connector.
  • the interface is defined in the following table:
  • the super capacitor module is connected to the power exchange module, and the super capacitor module can be fixed on the top of the terminal.
  • the definition of the connection terminals of the super capacitor module can be as follows:
  • the pin definition of the remote communication module can be described in the following table:
  • the definition of the indicator light of the remote communication module can be as follows:
  • the wiring terminal sub-definition table of the remote signal pulse module can be as follows:
  • the RS485 terminal definition table can be as follows:
  • connection terminal definition of the local communication module can be as follows:
  • the wiring terminal sub-definition table of the control module can be as follows:
  • the wiring terminal sub-definition table of the MBUS communication module can be as follows:
  • the mainstream operating system for modular terminals in the industry is the open source Linux operating system, but products based on the Linux platform have some shortcomings: weak processing performance, unable to achieve high-performance data processing; backward software platform, unable to achieve edge computing and fault location
  • a special modular terminal operating system has been customized, the Linux kernel has been optimized and enhanced, and the power consumption has been completed at the same time.
  • General services in the information collection industry such as meter reading, communications, security, etc.
  • the operating system adaptation layer abstracts the key elements of the operating system, such as processes, threads, message queues, clocks, timers, mutexes, semaphores, memory, etc. for secondary packaging to form a unified programming interface for a unified terminal platform,
  • the library files of the corresponding interfaces can be implemented to realize the access of the operating system.
  • the hardware interface layer of the unified terminal software platform mainly provides unified driver loading for the application layer, business layer, and basic library, and unified management of user drivers developed by equipment manufacturers.
  • the hardware interface layer is used to shield hardware differences, and there is also a clear interface with the underlying driver, and at the same time, it provides a service interface to the upper layer.
  • the hardware interface layer of the unified terminal software platform is composed of the HAL hardware abstraction layer and several driver libraries based on the hardware platform.
  • the hardware abstraction layer is the interface layer between the embedded operating system kernel and the hardware circuit, and its purpose is to abstract the hardware. It hides the hardware interface details of a specific platform, provides a virtual hardware platform for the embedded operating system, makes it hardware-independent, and can be transplanted on a variety of hardware platforms
  • the basic interface library abstracts and encapsulates some key elements for embedded application scenarios, provides many stable and reliable function libraries for App development, and provides a unified basic interface for the application layer and business layer.
  • the basic interface library includes time calculations and characters. String processing, BCD calculation, CRC algorithm, MD5 algorithm, compression algorithm, power failure safety file system, logging system, debugging tool, memory leak monitoring tool, etc.
  • the unified terminal platform provides a secure file system based on the standard file system, supports privatization, that is, only the creator can read and write, and supports abnormal rollback. If the data is abnormal or damaged, it can automatically roll back to the last correct storage location .
  • the unified terminal platform abstracts many business-related functions according to power application scenarios, which can be used for secondary development of App, shortening the App development cycle, and at the same time providing better quality and stability.
  • the business interface library mainly includes the following:
  • a heartbeat mechanism is established between the App manager and the App.
  • the manager monitors the running status of the App through the heartbeat. If an abnormal heartbeat occurs, the manager will restart the App or stop the App according to the system policy.
  • the App Manager regularly monitors the app’s occupancy of system resources such as CPU and memory. If there is an abnormal occupancy of system resources, the manager will restart the App or stop the App according to the system policy.
  • the App Manager regularly monitors the opening of the network service port and the establishment of the network connection. If the App opens the port and establishes the connection without authorization, the manager will alarm or stop the App according to the system policy.
  • the App installation/upgrade package contains a permission description file, which stipulates other permissions of the App (such as peripheral ports, etc.) and an unauthorized handling strategy.
  • the App Manager monitors the APP according to the permission description file and performs unauthorized handling in accordance with the unauthorized handling strategy.
  • App is developed based on a unified terminal platform and must meet the platform's anti-bypass mechanism, so it has high management and control, and also has the platform independence brought by the unified terminal platform.
  • the issuance and management of APP is based on the security system constructed by State Grid ESAM.
  • the master station uses the signature algorithm provided by ESAM to sign relevant APP files and package them to generate installation/upgrade packages.
  • the App Manager must verify the signature before installing or upgrading, and the integrity and source legitimacy of the App must be guaranteed through the signature.
  • the App Manager supports the abnormal rollback of the APP upgrade. After the app is upgraded, if the system fails to run stably due to an abnormality, the App Manager can roll back the entire app environment to the pre-upgrade version. If the rollback fails, the App Manager enters the safe mode, stops the App, and waits for the master station to repair it.
  • the installation/upgrade version contains an installation/upgrade plan.
  • the App Manager strictly implements the plan during installation/upgrade to ensure the controllability of the installation/upgrade and avoid introducing unsafe factors into the system due to the uncontrollable installation/upgrade process .
  • This example provides a modular terminal based on the modular terminal.
  • the hardware structure and software structure of the modular terminal can be as described above, and will not be repeated here.
  • the concentrator and local module In order to meet the requirements of on-site electric energy meter file management, the concentrator and local module must support the function of automatically collecting the address of the on-site electric energy meter, and at the same time support the accurate distinction of the on-site station-to-household relationship.
  • the terminal can actively report the tables found on site to the master station, and the master station checks the user information of the marketing system. After confirming that there is no problem, the master station sends the file parameters to the concentrator. For the table numbers that have cross-station area (not in the local station area) in the file, establish a certain mechanism to identify and switch to the correct corresponding station area.
  • the file uses the table search result as the data source to synchronize the master station. For the same table, the newly searched file will replace the file in the original table at the master station. At the same time, the master station decides to delete the files in the original terminal according to the cross-station area result of the original concentrator. The results of the cross-station area are only reported, but the authority to delete is at the master station. The terminal only has the authority to add files, and the master station has the authority to delete or add terminal files. For the tables that cannot be searched (the marketing system confirms that the table is indeed installed), according to the on-site confirmation result of the marketing system, it is issued to the concentrator (the file must be marked, whether it was searched or issued by the main station). The concentrator uses a special method to read the meter for this file. The main station file is generated by combining the results of the table search through the concentrator with the information of the marketing system and forming a corresponding relationship with the marketing system.
  • Newly installed station area newly installed concentrators, electric meters, and marketing system information input.
  • the newly installed concentrator, electric meter, and marketing system synchronize the information of the station, concentrator, and electric meter to the master station.
  • the concentrator logs in to the master station and registers the master station to issue meter search commands and cross-station area search commands.
  • the concentrator passes events, etc. Report the results of table search and cross-station area.
  • the master station compares the table area and user meter information with the marketing system, establishes the file and the station area relationship, and informs the marketing system for the more searched meters. For the less searched meters, the master station decides whether to send them to the concentrator.
  • New meter in the station area After the new meter is installed, the marketing system will input information and synchronize the meter information to the master station. The master station will immediately issue periodic meter search and cross-station meter search commands, and the concentrator will report the meter search through events, etc. And the cross-station area results, the main station compares the station area and user meter information with the marketing system based on the reported results. If the information is found and correct, the file and the station area relationship are established. If the information is wrong, the marketing verification will be notified, if not found , The master station determines whether to deliver the file to the concentrator.
  • the marketing system changes the information and synchronizes the meter information before and after the replacement to the master station.
  • the master station immediately issues periodic table search and cross-station area search commands, and the concentrator reports the table search and cross-station area results through events, etc., and the master station compares the table area and user meter information with the marketing system based on the reported results. If the information is found and correct, establish the relationship between the file and the station area. If the information is wrong, the marketing verification will be notified. If it is not found, the master station will determine whether to send the file to the concentrator.
  • the marketing system will synchronize the information of the new concentrator to the master station.
  • the concentrator will log in to the master station and register, with status information such as new installation or parameter initialization, and the master station will issue search tables and cross stations. District search table command, the concentrator reports the search table and cross-station area results through events, etc., and updates the concentrator files at the same time.
  • the master station creates new files and station-area relations based on the reported results, and deletes the corresponding ones in the original concentrator. Files, the original concentrator does offline processing.
  • Cross-station area cutover users After the operation and inspection department re-divides the meter area into two station areas A and B according to the operating conditions, the terminal performs periodic table search and cross-station area search commands, and the original meter on the A station area The accounting information will be reported through the concentrator in the form of cross-station area file information. The B concentrator will report the file information of the new table. The master station will add the table to B according to the results of the table search, and delete the file in A, and prompt Marketing system check.
  • the marketing system information is incorrect:
  • the collection master station forms files according to the search results of the concentrators and the data of the marketing system. If the search results obtained by the collection master station do not match the marketing data, the marketing system will be prompted to check the file information. If the table search file information found by the main station is less than that of the marketing main station and the reissue of the file to the concentrator still has no results, the marketing main station will be prompted for on-site verification.
  • Top-down time synchronization mode The modular terminal synchronizes with the master station's clock through the master station's precise time synchronization program.
  • the precise time synchronization program is as follows: bottom-up time synchronization method:
  • Method 1 After the terminal is powered on and logged in, the master station responds to the login message as the clock is credible, and the terminal judges whether the clock error exceeds 5 minutes. If it exceeds 5 minutes, it will report terminal clock out-of-tolerance events and time-synchronization events according to the master station clock and response delay. After a random (0-1000 seconds) delay, the time will be accurately adjusted according to the time-setting strategy.
  • Method 2 The terminal discovers that its own clock is abnormal during self-checking. When it is online, the terminal actively sends a heartbeat message, and the terminal reports the terminal clock out-of-tolerance event and time-alignment event after checking the time according to the master clock and response delay. 0 ⁇ 1000 seconds) delay, accurate time synchronization according to the time synchronization strategy.
  • Figure 17 shows a schematic diagram of terminal clock collection and calibration, including:
  • Y is greater than the least effective number X5
  • the accurate time is calculated through the terminal time and the error value K, and the terminal time is checked.
  • Method 1 Configure 4204 terminal broadcast timing attribute 2 or attribute 3.
  • the terminal broadcasts the meter according to the timing parameters and performs single-address broadcast timing.
  • the premise is that the meter clock is configured in the collection task, and the clock error exceeds 5 When the time is adjusted in minutes, the encrypted time is performed.
  • the terminal After the terminal receives the clock out of tolerance event reported by the electric meter or monitors the clock failure of the electric meter, it actively executes the time synchronization command to the electric meter, adopts the 698.45 master station time service, and the attribute 3 in the object 4000 "date and time” is defined as the master station time service.
  • Bottom-up time synchronization method If there is no channel restriction, the same time synchronization mechanism as the terminal is adopted. If the terminal finds a new table, it will perform the time synchronization operation on the new table, using the 698.45 master station time service, and the object is 4000" Attribute 3 in "Date and Time” is defined as the master station time service.
  • the total number of the four linked lists created is at most equal to the number configured in the configuration file.
  • the task priority the task parameters are converted and compressed and inserted into the corresponding priority list.
  • the internal sequence of the linked list is arranged according to the size of the task ID as follows: execution frequency, actual start time (start time + execution frequency + delay), end time, task running time table, ID, time period type, collection plan type, collection plan number.
  • the modularized terminal task scheduling function performs scheduling and execution according to the priority of the task from high to low.
  • the tasks are divided into categories, and the priority from high to low is: transparent transmission task, active reporting task, and collection task.
  • For each type of task set its subtasks themselves also have priority classifications, with the higher ones being executed first, and the lower ones being executed later.
  • the modular terminal After the modular terminal is powered on and initialized, it first executes the collection task 1. During the execution, it is interrupted by the high-priority collection task 2. The scheduling first saves the scene of the collection task 1, and then switches to the collection task 2 to start the collection Task 2. In the process of performing the collection task, it is interrupted by the transparent transmission task, and the transparent transmission task is executed first. In the process of executing the transparent transmission task, the high-priority transparent transmission task is also executed first. After the transparent transmission task is executed, the collection task will be switched. If there is an active reporting task, the collection task will be interrupted at any time, and the active reporting task will be executed first.
  • the firmware is the program code solidified in the integrated circuit.
  • the Usb firmware contains the factory information of the Usb device, which identifies the manufacturer ID and product ID of the device. , Major version number and minor version number, etc.
  • the firmware also contains a set of programs, which mainly complete the processing of the Usb protocol and the read and write operations of the device.
  • the specification of the communication between the USB device firmware and the USB driver is accomplished through the USB protocol.
  • Usb standard descriptors include device descriptors, configuration descriptors, interface descriptors, endpoint descriptors, and string descriptors.
  • the USB controller driver layer implements the drivers of different Usb device controllers, which are used to drive the hardware work of various Usb device controllers;
  • the core layer of the Usb device protocol stack is equivalent to the central nerve of the entire protocol stack, responsible for various Usb messages and data Processing and delivery.
  • the core layer implements Usb enumeration, and connects the corresponding driver through the class and subclass to which the identified module device belongs;
  • the Usb module driver layer provides the framework of the Usb class driver for carrying and providing The function class driver of various functions, the job of the driver is to direct the requested data to the pipeline with the correct endpoint.
  • Usb module driver various hardware modules, for example, device number 1 to device number 5 in Figure 20; for example, Figure 20 shows remote signal drive, remote control drive, carrier drive and 485 drive, etc. .
  • the main MCU program passes the module location (numbered from 0-n from left to right), and the module sub-devices perform data read and write operations according to (numbered from top to bottom 1-n).
  • Each Usb device has a unique address, which is fixedly assigned by the host according to its location when the device is connected to the host. Use an endpoint descriptor to represent the device description, so that Usb enumerates as a Usb standard device.
  • the master station also manages the module location information and sub-equipment numbers. If the location information is changed, the module will automatically recognize it, and the master station file will be adjusted accordingly.
  • the terminal automatically recognizes the device information (manufacturer, device type, version) every time it is reset, and compares it with the master station file. If it is abnormal, an alarm will be generated and the LCD interface will prompt.
  • a set of external communication protocols need to be defined uniformly between the main MCU and the module MCU to distinguish different module sub-devices. Each time the main MCU communicates with the location number and the sub-module port number to distinguish communication with modules and sub-devices in different locations.
  • the remote upgrade of the modular terminal relies on the collection system network, through the upgrade management cloud service to manage the terminal upgrade security and upgrade process, upload the terminal upgrade program through the operating machine, configure the upgrade strategy and browse the upgrade process, the terminal will report the terminal after the upgrade is completed
  • the remote upgrade strategy is configured through the upgrade management cloud service.
  • the upgrade strategy includes: file download strategy, upgrade execution strategy, backup and recovery strategy.
  • the upgrade process includes:
  • Version inspection After the terminal receives the upgrade strategy, it restarts the background upgrade management process, and regularly obtains the latest software version list through the cloud service according to the upgrade strategy, and at the same time decides whether to upgrade.
  • Start the upgrade First, prepare for the upgrade, including optional operations such as file backup and space cleaning. Then, the file package download is started according to the strategy, and the resuming transmission mechanism is controlled by the terminal itself. For example, choose to download during idle time according to the strategy, report directly when there is insufficient space, and do not download files.
  • Upgrade process complete the file download, verify the file, perform the upgrade, and synchronously record the relevant log.
  • Post-upgrade processing judge the upgrade result, if the upgrade fails, select the corresponding recovery mechanism for version recovery. All operations are completed and the upgrade result is reported.
  • the upgrade security management strategy includes ESAM encryption: ESAM encryption is used for the communication between the terminal to be upgraded and the cloud to ensure data security.
  • the upgrade file can also use other verification methods, such as MD5 verification.
  • the verification code and verification method of the file are stored in a separate verification file and downloaded to the terminal file together. Download After completion, perform the verification according to the corresponding verification method, and the upgrade can be performed after the verification is successful.
  • the upgrade software package can be divided into operating system software and patches, application module software and patches.
  • the software can be divided into modules for separate version control. Cloud backup and local backup can be used to back up software packages or images before upgrading. Once the upgrade fails or other abnormalities occur, you can choose to restore the software to the version before the upgrade.
  • GPS + Beidou timing and positioning technology is adopted, GPS + Beidou double-star clock is installed at the main station and double-star time synchronization is installed at the concentrator.
  • the positioning module realizes precise timing between the concentrator and the electric energy meter through the dual-star clock; at the same time, it can obtain the positioning information of the concentrator equipment to realize the precise positioning of the concentrator equipment.
  • data collection can be performed on meter 1 to meter n.
  • the dual-star time positioning module is based on the concentrator that conforms to the DT/L698.45 standard. It is used to locate and obtain the hardware function module of the navigation satellite's precise time; the dual-star time positioning blind fixer is to solve the problem of the DTL698 When the .45 standard concentrator cannot obtain the navigation satellite signal, it is used in pairing with the dual-star time positioning module on the concentrator to complete the navigation satellite and GPRS signal literacy equipment.
  • an upgrade method may include:
  • the operating machine configures the terminal upgrade strategy
  • Upgrade management cloud service receive and process the terminal upgrade strategy, including but not limited to encryption processing;
  • the upgrade management cloud service writes an upgrade strategy to the terminal
  • the terminal restarts the upgrade management process
  • the terminal is upgraded according to the upgrade strategy.
  • the operating machine uploads the upgrade file package.
  • the terminal is upgraded according to the upgrade strategy, which may include:
  • the terminal conducts version inspection
  • the terminal requests file download
  • the process is terminated, and if the upgrade fails, the previous version will be restored.
  • the operating machine can query the upgrade status of the terminal from the upgrade management cloud service.
  • the concentrator After the concentrator obtains the satellite synchronization time through the dual-star clock positioning module and completes the time synchronization, the concentrator selects the appropriate time to synchronize the power meters of the concentrator through the broadband carrier method, and completes the time calibration of all meters to ensure The time of all meters is synchronized.
  • the time delay caused by communication and other factors should be considered between the concentrator and the electric meter and other equipment, and the time error should be controlled within the specified index range through algorithm correction.
  • the flow of the time service function First, the concentrator initiates a broadcast time synchronization request, receives the meter for the calibration time request, analyzes the time error, if the time is consistent with the concentrator clock or the error is within the allowable range, the time calibration is stopped, and the concentrator is notified No proofreading time is required. For those exceeding the time error range, send a proofreading time request; complete the following time proofreading can be as follows:
  • the concentrator when the concentrator sends a broadcast read time request, the concentrator carries its own time tag t1 in the time tag of the application message.
  • the energy meter When the energy meter receives the message, it records the time when the message is received.
  • t2 the clock source of the electric energy meter
  • the electric energy meter responds at t3 and returns the time t3 to the concentrator; the time when the concentrator receives the time response of the electric energy meter is recorded as t4, the concentrator
  • the concentrator adopts the millisecond synchronization mechanism. After millisecond synchronization is completed, t5 time (without milliseconds) is
  • d ((t4-t1)-(t3-t2))/2 is Transmission error.
  • the concentrator obtains its own positioning information through the installed dual-star clock positioning module. For the legal access connection established with the concentrator, the concentrator can return the positioning information to the device (client) that accesses the concentrator through the DL/T698.45 protocol according to the defined object attributes.
  • MOS1 and MOS2 are used to control the power supply of the module.
  • One MOS tube is used for normal operation and the other MOS tube is used for current detection, and seamless switching can be realized in the middle.
  • Share a group of sampling resistors use AD to sample and collect the voltage at the back end of the resistor, and calculate the voltage drop on the resistor according to the input voltage of 12V, so that the current flowing through the sampling resistor can be calculated.
  • Putting 4 resistors can prevent fault detection during short circuit, and 4 resistors in parallel play a role of shunting, which can reduce the power of the resistors, thereby reducing the volume of the sampling resistor.
  • Power failure reporting can realize integrated management of operation and distribution, improve the efficiency of emergency repair operation and maintenance, and improve customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is imperative to design a smart meter that can report power failures.
  • the power outage function of the terminal can only realize the fast report of the terminal’s own power outage. It is limited by the one-way communication capability of the RS-485 module and the rate of the narrowband carrier. The power failure reporting function has not been implemented.
  • Bluetooth 5.0 technology is introduced here to replace RS-485 modules.
  • RS-485 as the communication technology.
  • the upper limit of the transmission rate of Bluetooth 5.0 technology can reach 2 Mbps and the effective working distance between the transmitting and receiving devices can reach 300 meters.
  • Bluetooth 5.0 is also installed in the terminal to realize two-way communication between the terminal and the smart meter.
  • super capacitors are added. In the case of power outage communication, the super capacitor supports the terminal and the meter to work for more than 2 minutes.
  • the modular terminal uses 4 /5G, Ethernet high-speed channel, the terminal downlink meter reading adopts Bluetooth 5.0 technology, and the energy meter supports active reporting of power failure through Bluetooth.
  • the smart meter After the smart meter detects a power failure, it immediately starts data reporting.
  • the data is collected to the concentrator through communication modules such as Bluetooth, bandwidth, and wireless.
  • the concentrator judges which meter data to report and which meters to the master station based on its own power failure.
  • the master station can base on the power meter.
  • the power failure situation and the positioning of the electric meter realize the efficient operation and maintenance of the emergency repair of the power failure, reduce the operation and maintenance cost and provide customer satisfaction.

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种模组化终端。所述模组化终端,包括:主体部分及功能模块;所述主体部分,包括:电源交采模块、处理显示模块及超级电容模块;所述电源交采模块,用于作为所述模组化终端的主电源提供电能;所述处理显示模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,用于信息处理及显示;所述超级电容模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,包含一个或多个超级电容,用于作为所述模组化终端的备用电源提供电能;所述功能模块,通过所述接口与所述处理显示模块可拆卸连接,在与所述处理显示模块连接后,用于预定功能。

Description

模组化终端 技术领域
本申请实施例涉及电力终端技术领域,尤其涉及一种模组化终端。
背景技术
随着电子技术的发展,终端设备上集成了越来越多的功能模块。一方面,这些功能模块都集成到一个终端上,如果该终端不用使用那么多功能时,此时就造成了终端的资源浪费。另外一方面,不同的功能模块均需要与其他硬件打通接口,如每新增一个功能模块就进行一次接口打通的系统设计或者更新,终端的开发成本大且不必要的迭代更新次数多。
发明内容
本申请提供一种模组化终端。
本申请实施例提供的一种模组化终端,包括:主体部分及功能模块;
所述主体部分,包括:电源交采模块、处理显示模块及超级电容模块;
所述电源交采模块,用于作为所述模组化终端的主电源提供电能;
所述处理显示模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,用于信息处理及显示;
所述超级电容模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,包含一个或多个超级电容,用于作为所述模组化终端的备用电源提供电能;
所述功能模块,通过所述接口与所述处理显示模块可拆卸连接,在与所述处理显示模块连接后,用于预定功能。
基于上述方案,所述功能模块包括以下至少之一:
远程通信模块,用于基于无线公网进行所述模组化终端的远程通信;
遥信脉冲模块,用于收发遥信脉冲信号;
本地通信模块,用于进行所述模组化终端的本地通信;
远程抄表系统MBUS通讯模块,用于传输水表、燃气表和/或热量表的数据;
RS485模块,用于数据采集;
控制模块,用于控制所述模组化终端内控制功能的轮询。
基于上述方案,所述电源交采模块包括:
电源模块、电源输入端子及交采脉冲输出端子;
所述电源模块包括底座及设置在所述底座上的连接端子;
所述底座上设置有供所述超级电容模块连接的连接端子、与所述处理显示模块连接的连接端子、及供所述功能模块连接的强电插接件;
其中,所述供所述超级电路模块连接的连接端子位于所述底座的顶部;所述与所述处理显示模块连接的连接端子位于底座的两侧;所述供所述功能模块连接的强电插拔件位于所述底座的侧面且位于所述底座的底端;
所述交采脉冲输出端子,用于与能够提供电能的电源连接,用于输入电能;
所述交采脉冲接口,用于输出秒冲信号。
基于上述方案,所述电源输入端子包括:
三相电流端子;
三相电压端子;
遥信端子;
辅助电源输入端子;
电压零线端子;
所述交采脉冲输出端子,包括:
有功脉冲信号的输出端子;
无功脉冲信号的输出端子;
秒脉冲信号的输出端子;
脉冲输出公共地端子。
基于上述方案,所述电源交采模块还包括:
通信端子,用于外电源进行供电传输的通信。
基于上述方案,所述处理显示模块安装有基于Linux的嵌入式操作系统;
所述嵌入式操作系统分为平台层、库及应用软件框架;
所述平台层,用于抽象对硬件进行资源抽象,提供与安装在所述模组化终端内的应用软件APP的功能接口;
所述库,位于所述平台层及所述应用软件框架之间;
所述应用软件框架,用于APP之间的安装,并提供所述APP的管理和消息通信。
基于上述方案,所述平台层包括:
操作系统适配层,用于对所述嵌入式操作系统进行抽象提供模组化终端内平台统一编程接口;
设备接口层,与硬件驱动连接,用于提供硬件驱动的统一接口;
设备管理器,分别与所述设备接口层及硬件驱动连接,用于所述平台层的APP监控和管理。
基于上述方案,所述操作系统适配层,具体用于对进程、线程、消息队列、时钟、定时器、互斥量、信号量及内存进行抽象封装。
基于上述方案,所述设备接口层,具体用于屏蔽硬件差异,提供硬 件驱动的统一接口层给库和应用软件框架内的APP。
基于上述方案,所述库包括:
基础接口库,提供嵌入式应用场景的抽象封装;
业务接口库,提供电力应用场景的抽象封装;
第三方工具库,提供第三方工具的抽象封装。
基于上述方案,所述主体部分包括:
终端支架;
端子座,安装在所述终端支架底部;其中,所述端子座包括:与所述功能模块连接的端子,其中,所述端子集中分布在所述端子座的一段,并在所述端子座安装在所述终端支架内后显露在所述终端支架外侧构成所述模组化终端尾部的组成;
主功能板,安装在所述终端支架内且位于所述端子座上层;所述主功能板为构成所述电源交采模块的电源交采板和提供所述超级电容模块安装的电容板;
内盖板,安装在所述终端支架内且覆盖在所述主功能板之上;其中,所述内盖板上设置有所述显示处理模块的安装位和所述功能模组的安装位;所述内盖板上还设置一个或多个通孔,供所述电源交采模块提供的电源接口显露并与所述处理显示模块及所述功能模块连接;
处理显示模块,安装在所述内盖板上,通过内盖板上开口显露的电源交采模块的电源接口连接;其中,所述处理显示模块作为所述模组化终端的头部的组成部分,其中,所述模组化终端的头部与所述模组化终端的尾部为所述模组化终端相反位置的两个组成部分。
基于上述方案,所述模组化终端包括电容仓;
所述电容仓位于所述内盖板上方,其中,所述超级电容模块安装在所述内盖板上通孔显露的电容连接端子与所述电源交采模块连接;
或者,
所述电容仓位于所述内盖板下方,其中,所述内盖板上安装有电容仓盖板,其中,所述电容仓盖板打开,所述电容仓显露;所述电容仓盖板闭合,所述电容仓盖板构成所述功能模组的安装位。
本申请实施例提供的模组化终端,功能模块是可以主体部分的显示处理模块是可拆卸连接的,如此,可以根据不同的应用场景,选择所需的功能模块加入到模块化终端中,减少不必要的功能模块的引入,减少不必要使用的功能模块所带来的硬件成本。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种模组化终端的结构示意图;
图2为本申请实施例提供的另一种模组化终端的结构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例提供的在一种模组化终端的分解示意图;
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种模组化终端的结构示意图;
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种模组化终端的结构示意图;
图6为本申请实施例提供的一种模组化终端的结构示意图;
图7A为本申请实施例提供的一种模组化终端的组装示意图;
图7B为本申请实施例提供的另一种模组化终端的组装示意图;
图8为本申请实施例提供的一种处理显示模块的示意图;
图9为本申请实施例提供的一种处理显示模块的组装示意图;
图10为本申请实施例提供的另一种处理显示模组的组装示意图;
图11为本申请提供的模组化终端的软件示意图;
图12为本申请提供的模组化终端的另一种软件示意图;
图13为本申请实施例提供的处理显示模组的前端和后台的处理示意图;
图14为一种端子座的结构示意图;
图15为一种功能化模块的排列示意图;
图16为本申请实施例提供的一种功能模块的固定示意图;
图17为本申请实施例提供的一种时间校准的示意图;
图18为本申请实施例提供的一种任务调配的示意图;
图19为本申请实施例提供的一种Usb的驱动处理示意图;
图20为本申请实施例提供的一种软件升级的示意图;
图21为一种MCU进行设备控制的示意图;
图22为本申请实施例提供的一种定位方法;
图23为本申请实施例提供的一种广播报文处理方法;
图24为本申请实施例提供的一种检测电路的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例描述的网络架构以及业务场景是为了更加清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,并不构成对本申请实施例提供的技术方案的限定,本领域普通技术人员可知,随着网络架构的演变和新业务场景的出现,本申请实施例提供的技术方案对于类似的技术问题,同样适用。
如图1至图3所示,本实施例提供一种模组化终端,其中,包括:主体部分及功能模块;
所述主体部分,包括:电源交采模块、处理显示模块及超级电容模块;
所述电源交采模块,用于作为所述模组化终端的主电源提供电能;
所述处理显示模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,用于信息处理及显示;
所述超级电容模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,包含一个或多个超 级电容,用于作为所述模组化终端的备用电源提供电能;
所述功能模块,通过所述接口与所述处理显示模块可拆卸连接,在与所述处理显示模块连接后,用于预定功能。
本实施例提供的模组化终端可为各种物联网(Internet of Things,IoT)终端。该物联网终端可以智能水表、智能电表、燃气表、热量表、智能空气净化器、智能灯光控制设备等。
图2为一种所述模组化终端内部的剖视图;图3为一种所述模组化终端的分解示意图。图4为图2及述图3所示的模组化终端的正面示意图。模组化终端包括透明翻盖及位于透明翻盖下方的非透明的尾盖,图4为透明翻盖盖上的示意图;图5为透明翻盖翻开的示意图。该透明翻盖可为防水和防尘顶盖,能够保护模组化终端内的各个模块。尾盖覆盖在模组化终端各种接口或连接端子所在位置,保护接口和/或连接端子。
所述模组化终端组装后,显示处理模组及功能模块都显露在模组化终端的正表面。一方面,处理显示模块,用于模组化终端的信息处理及显示。显示处理模块显露在模组化终端的正表面,方便用户观看显示处理模块显示的信息。另一方面,功能模块显露在模组化终端的正表面,可以方便用户观看到模组化终端当前包括的功能模块,也方便用户拆卸掉当前不需要的功能模块。
图6为模组化终端的背面,在模组化终端的背面设置有安装模组化终端的结构。例如,图6中模组化终端包含的是悬挂件,该模组化终端能够悬挂在墙壁等位置。该悬挂件包括但不限于挂钩。
在一些实施例中,所述主体部分包括:终端支架;
端子座,安装在所述终端支架底部;其中,所述端子座包括:与所述功能模块连接的端子,其中,所述端子集中分布在所述端子座的一段,并在所述端子座安装在所述终端支架内后显露在所述终端支架外侧构成 所述模组化终端尾部的组成;
主功能板,安装在所述终端支架内且位于所述端子座上层;所述主功能板为构成所述电源交采模块的电源交采板和提供所述超级电容模块安装的电容板;
内盖板,安装在所述终端支架内且覆盖在所述主功能板之上;其中,所述内盖板上设置有所述显示处理模块的安装位和所述功能模组的安装位;所述内盖板上还设置一个或多个通孔,供所述电源交采模块提供的电源接口显露并与所述处理显示模块及所述功能模块连接;
处理显示模块,安装在所述内盖板上,通过内盖板上开口显露的电源交采模块的电源接口连接;其中,所述处理显示模块作为所述模组化终端的头部的组成部分,其中,所述模组化终端的头部与所述模组化终端的尾部为所述模组化终端相反位置的两个组成部分。
在一些情况下,本申请实施例中所述模组化终端的主体部分简称为“主体”。如图7A所示,端子座是安装在到主体上,具体为安装到主体的终端支架上;然后安装电源交采板及电容板;在电源交采板及电容板的上方安装内该盖板。内盖板上设置有通孔可以供电源交采板及电容板上的接口显露。如图7B所示,在安装完所述内盖板之后,在内置板上安装处理显示模块及功能模块。最后安装尾盖,尾盖遮盖住模组化终端内端子座上集中设置的各种连接度单子。最后盖上透明翻盖。
在终端支架的外沿上设置有防水结构,该防水结构包括但不限于防水檐,如此,模组化终端安装在户外,即便在雪雨天气下,滴水环境打到所述模组化终端上的水,会汇集到所述防水结构上,并通过所述防水结构向外外出。
所述透明支架为防水材质做成的自身附带防水功。
所述终端支架还设置有与所述透明翻盖配合的密封圈,该密封圈用 于在透明翻盖盖上后进行透明化终端的防水。
在一些实施例中,所述模组化终端包括电容仓;
所述电容仓位于所述内盖板上方,其中,所述超级电容模块安装在所述内盖板上通孔显露的电容连接端子与所述电源交采模块连接;
或者,
所述电容仓位于所述内盖板下方,其中,所述内盖板上安装有电容仓盖板,其中,所述电容仓盖板打开,所述电容仓显露;所述电容仓盖板闭合,所述电容仓盖板构成所述功能模组的安装位。
如图2所示,主体部分内包含电容仓,所述超级电容模块包括一个或多个超级电容,这些超级电容可以被安装在电容仓内,该电容仓和功能模组是安装在内盖板的不同侧,如此一方面充分利用了终端支架的空间,另一方面提供了更多的空间用于安装功能模组。
所述电源交采模块可采用小体积,高功率因数,高耐压的开关电源;其优点在于可有效提高用电信息采集设备的功率因数,减小谐波干扰,提高电网电能质量。同时提高了电源初级侧电路与次级侧电路之间的绝缘强度,增加了可靠性。同时采用平面变压器方案,可有效的减小电源模块体积方便现场安装使用。电源交采模块的交采部分采用多功能高精度、低功耗、带零线电流的三相电能专用计量芯片,适用于三相三线和三相四线交流模拟量采集及电能量计量应用。
所述电源交采模块正常运行的工作温度范围为:-40℃~+75℃。
所述电源交采模块提供的工作电源,使用交流三相供电,电源出现断相故障时,即三相四线供电时断任意一根或两根电源线(包含相线或零线)的条件下,模块能正常工作。
所述电源交采模块的电源由非有效接地系统或中性点不接地系统的三相四线配电网供电时,在接地故障及相对地产生10%过电压的情况下, 没有接地的两相对地电压将会达到1.9倍的标称电压,在此情况下,模块正常工作,不会损坏。
所述电源交采模块正常工作状态下所产生的交流磁通密度小于0.5mT。所述电源交采模块的输入指标:额定电压:3×57.7V/100V、3×220V/380V、3×100V,允许偏差-20%~+20%;频率:50Hz,允许偏差-6%~+2%;空载损耗:<0.5W(三相额定电压时测量值);功率因数:>0.9(三相额定电压,满载时测量值)。输入指标用于限制电源交采模块的供电。
所述电源交采模块的输出指标:输出电压:DC12V±0.1V;电压调整率:<1%;负载调整率:<1%;输出纹波:1%(三相额定电压,负载电流100%时测量值);输出功率:11W;离散杂音:3.4kHz~150kHz范围为第1个频段,要求小于5mV;150kHz~200kHz范围为第2个频段,要求小于3mV;200kHz~500kHz范围为第3个频段,要求小于2mV;500kHz~30MHz范围为第4个频段,要求小于1mV。
所述处理显示模块可包括如下部分:
显示屏,该显示屏可为液晶显示屏、有机发光二极管(OLED)显示屏或者电子墨水显示屏等。如果是液晶显示屏的参数可如下:液晶显示160*160点阵,可视窗口尺寸不小于58mm*58mm;
功能按键,该功能按键可包括5个,分别:上按键、下按键、左按键、右按键和确认按键;
一个Usb主(Host)升级、维护接口;
两个LED指示灯,用于指示模组化终端的运行和告警;
功能模块接口,用于功能模块的连接,从而与功能模块交互信息,交互的信息包括但不限于:功能模块提供的需要显示的信息及处理显示模块控制功能模块的控制信息;
与电源交采模块连接口。
图8为一种处理显示模块的外观示意图,在图8所述的处理显示模块上展示有显示屏及功能按键。处理显示模块通过螺丝钉和长条扣位能够有效固定在终端支架上,具体可如图9所示。
在一些实施例,所述功能模块包括以下至少之一:
远程通信模块,用于基于无线载波进行所述模组化终端的远程通信;
遥信脉冲模块,用于收发遥信脉冲信号;
本地通信模块,用于进行所述模组化终端的本地通信;
远程抄表系统MBUS通讯模块,用于传输各种抄表数据;
RS485模块,用于数据采集;
控制模块,用于控制所述模组化终端内功能的轮询。
所述远程通信模块,与处理显示模块通过金手指作为连接器,远程通信模块的通信方式可采用蜂窝通信方式,具体可如GSM、GPRS、CDMA、3G、4G等方式,是用于基站与终端进行通信的模块。
远程通信模块提供可查询的AT指令,该AT指令用于查询数据流量。每一次网络连接上后,远程通信模块开始自动记录数据流量,直到这个连接断开,才终止流量记录。远程通信模块上电后,模块会主动上报给处理显示模块,处理显示模块对远程通信模块进行模块识别。当有异常事件发生,模块可以实时上报异常事件无需上位机干预。在正常工作条件下,远程通信模块平均无故障工作时间不少于4×104h。
远程通信模块支持远程通过上位机对模块进行升级。远程通信模块应有自测试、自诊断功能,模块能记录每日自恢复次数。远程通信模块具有工作状态、通信状态指示。运行灯——模块程序运行灯,绿色,常亮表示远程通信模块未上线,灯亮1s灭1s表示远程通信模块已经上线;告警灯——告警状态指示灯,红色,灯亮1s灭1s交替闪烁表示模块发 生告警信息。
遥信脉冲模块包括2路遥信输入和2路脉冲输入。遥信输入用来对诸如告警情况、开关位置或阀门位置等状态信息,脉冲输入用来采集电能表输出的脉冲值,采集到的状态信息和电能表脉冲主动上报给存储里显示模块。
遥信脉冲模块的通信参数,块与处理显示模块默认采用115200bps,8位数据位,1位停止位,偶检验。
遥信脉冲模块的信息上报采用主动上报的方式。遥信脉冲模块上电后,模块会主动上报命令给处理显示模块,处理显示模块对遥脉采集模块进行模块识别。当有异常事件发生,模块可以实时上报异常事件无需上位机干预。
遥信脉冲模块可进行远程升级,遥信脉冲模块支持远程通过上位机对模块进行升级。
遥信脉冲模块支持自检自恢复,遥信脉冲模块有自测试、自诊断功能,模块能记录每日自恢复次数。
遥信脉冲模块的输入回路要求可如下:
脉冲输入回路应能与DL/T 645—2007规定的脉冲参数配合,脉冲宽度为:80ms±20ms。
遥信脉冲模块的状态量输入为不带电的无源开/合切换触点开关量输入。每路状态量在稳定的直流12V电压输入时,其功耗≤0.2W。、
遥信脉冲模块的指示功能,具有工作状态、通信状态指示。运行灯——模块程序运行灯,绿色,灯亮1s灭1s表示程序正常运行,灯灭表示未上电;告警灯——告警状态指示灯,红色,灯亮1s灭1s交替闪烁表示模块发生告警信息。
RS-485模块上电后,模块会主动上报命令给处理显示模块,处理显 示模块对RS-485模块进行模块识别。当有异常事件发生,模块可以实时上报异常事件无需上位机干预。
RS-485模块可远程升级,具体如RS-485模块支持远程通过上位机对模块进行升级。
RS-485模块可自检自恢复。具体如,RS-485模块应有自测试、自诊断功能,模块能记录每日自恢复次数。
RS-485接口的传输指标:
RS-485接口传输速率:1200bps、2400bps、4800bps、9600bps自适应,默认值为9600bps。
RS-485模块抄表接口A、B端接入交流电压380V历时4h后接口功能正常,模块不损坏。
RS-485模块采用小功率、限斜率驱动、半双工芯片,芯片指标如下。
RS-485模块的共模输入电压:-7V~+12V。
RS-485模块的差模输入电压:大于0.2V。
RS-485模块的驱动输出电压:在负载阻抗54Ω时,最大5V,最小1.5V。
RS-485模块具有三态方式输出。
RS-485模块的驱动能力为64个同类接口。
在传输速率为1200bps条件下,RS-485模块有效传输距离不小于1000m。RS-485通信模块应能防静电(15kV)、抗浪涌、抗电压瞬变的性能。
RS-485模块具有告警输出继电器;告警输出继电器额定负载容量AC250V/8A或DC28V/5A;告警输出继电器寿命满足AC250V 8A(电阻负载)10万次以上;告警输出继电器线圈与接点之间耐压满足:AC3000V50/60Hz 1min;告警输出继电器动作次数不小于50000次。
RS-485模块的指示功能可包括:具有工作状态、通信状态指示。
运行灯——模块程序运行灯,绿色,灯亮1s灭1s表示程序正常运行,灯灭表示未上电;告警灯——告警状态指示灯,红色,灯亮1s灭1s交替闪烁表示模块发生告警信息。
本地通信模块采用电力线载波通信方式或民用无线电专用频段通信方式,用于与采集器、以及与电能表之间通信的模块,本地通信模块包括窄带载波、宽带载波、微功率无线等本地通信模块。
本地通信模块的通信参数,本地通信模块与处理显示模块默认采用115200bps,8位数据位,1位停止位,偶检验。
本地通信模块支持主动上报,本地通信模块上电后,模块会主动上报命令给处理显示模块,处理显示模块对本地通信模块进行模块识别。当有异常事件发生,模块可以实时上报异常事件无需上位机干预。
本地通信模块可远程升级,具体如本地通信模块支持远程通过上位机对模块进行升级。
本地通信模块支持自检自恢复,本地通信模块应有自测试、自诊断功能,模块能记录每日自恢复次数。
本地通信模块的指示功能,具有工作状态、通信状态等指示。
运行灯——模块程序运行灯,红色,灯亮1s灭1s表示程序正常运行,灯灭表示未上电;告警灯——告警状态指示灯,灯亮1s灭1s交替闪烁表示模块发生告警信息。
远程抄表系统MBUS通讯模块,包括各种接线端子。下标提供一种所述MBUS通讯模块接线端子的示例:
端子编号 端子功能 端子编号 端子功能
1 MBUS1+ 5 MBUS1-
2 预留 6 预留
3 MBUS2+ 7 MBUS2-
4 预留 8 预留
所述控制模块局接线端子。
端子编号 端子功能 端子编号 端子功能
1 轮次一常开 4 轮次二常开
2 轮次一公共 5 轮次二公共
3 轮次一关闭 6 轮次二关闭
在一些实施例中,如图10所示,所述电源交采模块包括:
电源模块、电源输入端子及交采脉冲输出端子;
所述电源模块包括底座及设置在所述底座上的连接端子;
所述底座上设置有供所述超级电容模块连接的连接端子、与所述处理显示模块连接的连接端子、及供所述功能模块连接的强电插接件;
其中,所述供所述超级电路模块连接的连接端子位于所述底座的顶部;所述与所述处理显示模块连接的连接端子位于底座的两侧;所述供所述功能模块连接的强电插拔件位于所述底座的侧面且位于所述底座的底端;
所述交采脉冲输出端子,用于与能够提供电能的电源连接,用于输入电能;
所述交采脉冲接口,用于输出秒冲信号。
在一些实施例中,所述电源输入端子包括:三相电流端子;三相电压端子;遥信端子;辅助电源输入端子;电压零线端子;
所述交采脉冲输出端子,包括:有功脉冲信号的输出端子;无功脉冲信号的输出端子;秒脉冲信号的输出端子;脉冲输出公共地端子。
图10中展示的强电解插件为提供强电供电的连接端子。例如,可以用于与远程通信模块中的载波子模块连接,提供载波子模块无线通信的 强电供电。
在一些实施例中,所述电源交采模块还包括:
通信端子,用于外电源进行供电传输的通信。
在一些实施例中,图14为一种端子座的示意图,在图14中所示的端子座上显示有多种端子。每一种端子均可包括一个或多个端子。
电源交采模块中包括用于电能传输的端子,可以分为强电端子和弱电端子。强电端子用于强电输入和/或强电输出。弱电端子用于弱电输入和/或弱电输出。
在一些实施例中,如图11所示,所述处理显示模块安装有Linux操作系统;
所述嵌入式操作系统分为平台层、库及应用软件框架;
所述平台层,用于抽象对硬件进行资源抽象,提供与安装在所述模组化终端内的应用软件APP的功能接口;
所述库,位于所述平台层及所述应用软件框架之间;
所述应用软件框架,用于APP之间的安装,并提供所述APP的管理和消息通信。
为实现海量数据处理与分析应用、基于宽带信道的用电信息采集、智能用电双向交互等技术,设计了一种性能强大、功能完善、扩展能力强的统一操作系统。
操作系统为开源的Linux操作系统,但是基于Linux平台的产品有一些缺点:处理性能弱,无法实现高性能的数据处理;软件平台落后,无法实现边缘计算、故障定位等技术;操作系统没有特定的技术支撑厂商,发展新功能速度慢等,为解决Linux操作系统的以上缺点,定制了模组化终端专用操作系统,对Linux内核进行优化和增强,同时完成用电信息采集行业的通用业务,如抄表、通信、安全等。
操作系统由两部分组成:
1)文件系统。统一操作系统发布各种主流格式的不同版本文件系统,包括Ext2、Ext3、Yaffs2等。由于嵌入式系统使用的硬件差异极大,不同的终端厂家会使用不同型号的CPU、存储器、内存、LCD屏等等。为屏蔽各厂家的硬件差异,需要各厂家根据统一操作系统的“典型硬件规范”和“驱动规范”自行开发“操作系统内核”及“硬件设备驱动”。通过厂家自行开发的内核、硬件驱动和统一定制的文件系统,可组成统一操作系统,既实现的软件层面的统一、又实现了硬件层面的个性化。
2)通用基础业务接口。在文件系统基础上通过基础业务接口的方式提供业务相关的功能。业务模块都是一些基础的、
原子的业务,可以分为以下几类:
设备驱动类接口:网络操作、串口操作、文件操作、共享缓冲区操作等;
储存操作接口:EEPROM操作、数据库接口、XML操作、日志记录操作等;
基础业务接口:表计驱动(97、07、LGR、ABB等)、通讯驱动(以太网、GPRS、CDMA等)、ESAM驱动等。
参考图12所示,基于面向对象方法设计应用软件框架,要求用于模组化终端各模块中的软件均符合该框架,满足新模块即插即用要求。模组化终端应用软件应设计为运行于统一操作系统内的App,通过使用操作系统提供的“基本接口”和“通用基础业务接口”实现。
以处理显示模块为例,它应当作为应用软件App的一个子模块来运行。要实现显示模块的所有功能,需要由若干业务模块共同协作完成。为了简化程序实现难度,操作系统将常用的业务模块进行封装,应用软件只需调用相应的接口即可实现。
如图13所示,处理显示模块包括:前端显示和后台线程。操作系统负责后台线程的各种处理。前端显示通过操作系统显示接口与后台线程完成对接。所述处理显示模块的前端显示的画面包括:常显画面、轮显画面及弹出画面。常显画面为轮询各个功能模块所对应功能的显示界面。弹出画面可为处理显示模块及功能模块预定事件时对应的画面。所述常显画面可为所述轮显画面及所述弹出画面以外显示的画面,可包括:系统画面。例如,所述系统画面包括桌面等,显示频次高的画面。
在一些实施例中,所述平台层包括:
操作系统适配层,用于对所述嵌入式操作系统进行抽象提供模组化终端内平台统一编程接口;
设备接口层,与硬件驱动连接,用于提供硬件驱动的统一接口;
设备管理器,分别与所述设备接口层及硬件驱动连接,用于所述平台层的APP监控和管理。
在一些实施例中,所述操作系统适配层,具体用于对进程、线程、消息队列、时钟、定时器、互斥量、信号量及内存进行抽象封装。
在一些实施例中,所述设备接口层,具体用于屏蔽硬件差异,提供硬件驱动的统一接口层给库和应用软件框架内的APP。
在一些实施例中,所述库包括:
基础接口库,提供嵌入式应用场景的抽象封装;
业务接口库,提供电力应用场景的抽象封装;
第三方工具库,提供第三方工具的抽象封装。
以下结合上述任意实施例提供几个具体示例:
示例1:
模组化终端由5个功能模块组成,终端的主体部分为电源交采模块,其中电源交采模块与处理显示模块和超级电容模块相连,超级电容模块固 定在终端内部,功能模块与处理显示模块相连,处理显示模块具备5个功能模块接口。
主体部分含端子座、电源交采板、电容板,以及透明翻盖和挂钩等部分。在一些实施例中,超级电容模块放置在底座顶部,显示处理单元下方超级电容模块放置在底座顶部
功能模块的安装的最大数量可为5个,载波模块安装固定在最左侧,遥信、抄表和遥控端子采用插拔式,更加便于现场更换,通信模块SIM安装位置处于底面,具体可参考图15所示。
功能模块通过拨档开关来固定。通过拨档开关连接的固定方式可如图16所示。
电源交采模块可包括电源输入端子,下表是电源输入端子定义。
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000001
电源交采模块还可包括:交采脉冲接口。
电源交采模块对外存在交采脉冲输出接口,将有功、无功脉冲信号以及秒脉冲输出通过端子上输出。下表是脉冲输出接口管脚定义说明。
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000002
电源及交采模块,还包括:通信接口
电源交采模块对外电源与交采数据通信传输接口,电源交采模块的通信接口定义,可如下表所示:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000004
电源交采模块还可包括:以太网通讯接口
电源交采模块与处理显示模块的以太网通信部分,通过接插件与处理显示模块模块桥接,以太网通讯接口的以太网桥接管脚定义说明可如下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000005
电源交采模块,包括:超级电容模块的连接接口,该连接接口包括一个或多个端子,具体这些端子的说明可如下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000006
电源交采模块的强电端子,可如下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000008
处理显示模块与功能模块通过金手指作为连接器连接,连接器固定在处理显示模块上。
处理显示模块的金手指接口定义可下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000009
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000010
3)处理显示模块与及电源交采模块通信接口
处理显示模块与电源交采之间存在电源与交采数据通信的传输接口。该传输接口包含的连接端子的定义如下:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000011
处理显示模块的以太网通信接口通过接插件与电源交采模块桥接,接口定义如下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000012
超级电容模块与电源交采模块连接,超级电容模块可以固定在终端内部顶端。超级电容模块连接端子的定义说明可如下:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000013
远程通讯模块管脚定义说明可如下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000014
远程通讯模块的指示灯定义可如下:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000015
遥信脉冲模块的接线端子子定义表可如下:
1 遥信1+ 5 脉冲1+
2 遥信1- 6 脉冲1-
3 遥信2+ 7 脉冲2+
4 遥信2- 8 脉冲2-
RS485的接线端子定义表可如下:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000016
本地通讯模块的连接端子定义可如下表:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000018
控制模块的接线端子子定义表,可如下:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000019
MBUS通讯模块的接线端子子定义表可如下:
Figure PCTCN2019111090-appb-000020
为实现海量数据处理与分析应用、基于宽带信道的用电信息采集、智能用电双向交互等技术,设计了一种性能强大、功能完善、扩展能力强的统一操作系统。
目前业内模组化终端主流的操作系统为开源的Linux操作系统,但是基于Linux平台的产品有一些缺点:处理性能弱,无法实现高性能的数据处理;软件平台落后,无法实现边缘计算和故障定位等技术;操作系统没有特定的技术支撑厂商,发展新功能速度慢等,为解决Linux操作系统的以上缺点,定制了模组化终端专用操作系统,对Linux内核进行优化和增强,同时完成用电信息采集行业的通用业务,如抄表、通信、安全等。
(一)操作系统适配层
操作系统适配层,对操作系统关键要素进行抽象,如:进程、线程、消息队列、时钟、定时器、互斥量、信号量、内存等进行二次封装,形成统一终端平台统一编程接口,针对不同操作系统,实现对应接口的库文件,即可实现该操作系统的接入。
统一终端软件平台的硬件接口层主要给应用层、业务层、基础库提供统一的驱动加载,对设备厂家开发的用户驱动进行统一的管理。硬件接口层用以屏蔽硬件的差异,并与底层驱动也存在一个明确的接口,同时向上层提供服务接口。
(二)操作系统硬件接口层
统一终端软件平台的硬件接口层由HAL硬件抽象层和基于硬件平台的若干驱动库组成。
硬件抽象层是位于嵌入式操作系统内核与硬件电路之间的接口层,其目的在于将硬件抽象化。它隐藏了特定平台的硬件接口细节,为嵌入式操作系统提供虚拟硬件平台,使其具有硬件无关性,可在多种硬件平台上进行移植
(三)基础接口库
基础接口库针对嵌入式应用场景,对一些关键要素进行抽象封装,为App开发提供了众多稳定可靠的功能库,给应用层、业务层提供统一的基础接口,基础接口库包含如时间运算、字符串处理、BCD运算、CRC算法、MD5算法、压缩算法、掉电异常安全文件系统、日志记录系统、调试工具、内存泄露监测工具等。
电力相关嵌入式设备,数据安全异常重要,系统通常面临掉电等异常场景,如何保证数据安全,是统一终端平台需要解决的一个重要课题。
统一终端平台提供基于标准文件系统的一套安全文件系统,支持私有化,即仅创建者可读写,支持异常回滚,如果数据出现异常或损坏,可自动回滚到上一次正确存储的位置。
(四)业务接口库
统一终端平台根据电力应用场景,将众多与业务相关的功能进行抽象,可供App进行二次开发,缩短了App开发周期,同时提供更好的品质以及稳定性。业务接口库主要包含如下:
针对7模全网通模块封装的远程通信库
基于虚拟路由抄表库
面向对象协议封装
功控、电控逻辑封装
基于miniGUI封装的显示框架
针对任务以及事件主动上报的封装库
(五)App管理器
(1)App监控
App管理器与App之间建立心跳机制,管理器通过心跳监测App的运行状态,如果出现心跳异常,管理器将按系统策略重启App或停止App。
App管理器定期监测App对CPU、内存等系统资源的占用,如果出现对系统资源的异常占用,管理器将按系统策略重启App或停止App。
(2)端口防护
App管理器定期监测网络服务端口的开启和网络连接的建立,如果出现App非授权开启端口和建立连接的情况,管理器将按系统策略告警或停止App。
(3)权限控制
App安装/升级包中包含权限描述文件,规定了App的其他权限(如外设端口等)和越权处理策略,App管理器依据权限描述文件对APP进行监测,并按照越权处理策略进行越权处理。
(4)App开发与发布
App基于统一终端平台开发,必须满足平台的防绕过机制,因而具备高管控性,同时也具备统一终端平台带来的平台无关性。
APP的签发和管理基于国网ESAM构建的安全系统,主站使用ESAM提供的签名算法,对APP相关文件签名,并打包生成安装/升级包。App管理器在进行安装或者升级前,必须验证签名,通过签名保障App的完整性和来源合法性。
(5)版本管理
App管理器支持APP升级的异常回滚,在升级app后,如果出现系统异常无法稳定运行,App管理器可以将整个app环境回滚为升级前版本。如果回滚失败,则App管理器进入安全模式,停止App,等待主站修复。
安装/升级版本中包含安装/升级方案,App管理器在安装/升级时严格按方案执行,保证安装/升级的可控性,避免由于安装/升级过程的不可控而在系统中引入不安全因素。
示例2:
本示例提供基于所述模组化终端的模组化终端,该模组化终端的硬件结构和软件结构都可如前述所述,此处就不重复了。
(一)档案自动同步
在高级量测系统(Advanced Metering Infrastructure)中,如果能够自动识别和管理电能表和采集器的档案归属关系,将非常有利于简化系统建设和维护过程中的的参数设置和调试、系统运行状态统计等工作。
为满足现场电能表档案管理需求,集中器和本地模块必须支持自动搜集现场电能表表地址功能,同时支持准确地区分现场的台区户变关系。
终端对于现场搜到的表能够主动上报至主站,主站与营销系统的用户信息进行核对,确认无问题后,再由主站下发档案参数至集中器。对于档案中存在跨台区(不在本台区)的表号,建立一定的机制能识别并切换至正确的对应台区。
档案以搜表结果作为数据来源,对主站进行同步。对于同一块表,新搜到的档案将在主站替掉原表的档案,同时根据原集中器的跨台区结果,由主站决定删除原终端内的档案。跨台区结果仅上报,但删除的权限在主站。终端仅有增加档案的权限,主站具有删除或者增加终端档案的权限。对于搜不到的表(营销系统确认该表确实已安装),根据营销系统的现场确认结果,下发给集中器(要对档案做标记,是搜上来的,还是主站下发的)。集中器对此档案电表采用特殊方式抄表。主站档案是通过集中器搜表的结果与营销系统的信息结合后生成并与营销系统形成对应关系。
新装台区:新装集中器和电表、营销系统信息录入。
新装集中器和电表、营销系统将台区、集中器、电表等信息同步给主站,集中器登录主站并注册主站下发搜表、以及跨台区搜表命令,集中器通过事件等方式上报搜表和跨台区结果,主站根据上报的结果,与营销系统比对台区、用户表计信息,建立档案和台区关系,对于多搜到的表计, 通知营销系统,对于少搜到的表计,由主站决定是否下发给集中器。
台区新增电表:新装电表后,营销系统将录入信息,同时将电表信息同步给主站,主站立即下发周期搜表和跨台区搜表命令,集中器通过事件等方式上报搜表和跨台区结果,主站根据上报的结果与营销系统比对台区、用户表计信息若搜到且正确,建立档案和台区关系,若信息错误,则通知营销核对,若未搜到,则由主站确定是否下发该档案到集中器。
台区更换电表:更换电表后,营销系统进行信息更改,并将更换前后的电表信息同步给主站。主站立即下发周期搜表和跨台区搜表命令,集中器通过事件等方式上报搜表和跨台区结果,主站根据上报的结果与营销系统比对台区、用户表计信息若搜到且正确,建立档案和台区关系,若信息错误,则通知营销核对,若未搜到,则由主站确定是否下发该档案到集中器。
台区更换集中器:更换集中器后,营销系统将新集中器的信息同步给主站,集中器登录主站并注册,附带新装或参数初始化等状态信息,主站下发搜表及跨台区搜表命令,集中器通过事件等方式上报搜表和跨台区结果,同时更新集中器档案,主站根据上报的结果,建立新的档案和台区关系,同时删除原集中器内相应的档案,原集中器做离线处理。
跨台区割接用户:运检部门根据运行情况对电表台区进行重新分割为A、B两个台区后,终端进行周期搜表和跨台区搜表命令,A台区上原来的表计信息会以跨台区档案信息的形式通过集中器进行上报,B集中器会上报新表档案信息,主站根据搜表结果,将该表添加到B,并删除A中的档案,并提示营销系统核对。
营销系统信息有误:采集主站根据各集中器的搜表结果以及营销系统的数据形成档案,若采集主站得到的搜表结果与营销数据不匹配,则提示营销系统核对档案信息,如果采集主站发现的搜表档案信息少于营销主站 且给集中器补发档案仍未有结果的,则提示营销主站现场核对。
(二)时钟自动同步
1.模组化终端时钟
自上而下的对时方式:模组化终端通过主站的精准对时方案,与主站的时钟同步。精准对时方案如下:自下而上的对时方式:
方式一,在终端复电并登录后,主站对登录报文的回应为时钟可信,终端判断时钟误差是否超过5分钟。如果超过5分钟,则根据主站时钟和响应延时进行对时后上报终端时钟超差事件、对时事件,经过随机(0~1000秒)延时,按照对时策略进行精确对时。
方式二,终端自检时发现自身时钟异常,在线状态时,终端主动发送心跳报文,终端根据主站时钟和响应延时进行对时后上报终端时钟超差事件、对时事件,经过随机(0~1000秒)延时,按照对时策略进行精确对时。
图17所示为终端时钟采集和校准的一种示意图,包括:
启动精准校时;
判断最近心跳时间记录数大于X1;
如果是,读取最近X1次心跳时间,根据最大提出个数X2、最小提出个数X3及通讯延时X4筛选出有效个数Y;
Y大于最少有效个数X5,
如果最近心跳记录时间数不大于X1或者Y不大于X5,则返回校时失败;
通过终端时间和误差值K计算出精确时间,对终端进行时间校对。
2.电能表时钟
自上而下的对时方式:
方式一,配置4204终端广播校时属性2或属性3,终端依据校时参数 对电表进行广播校时,执行单地址广播校时,前提是采集任务中配置有采集电表时钟,对时钟误差超5分钟的对时,执行加密对时。
方式二,
终端接收到电表主动上报的时钟超差事件或监测到电表时钟故障后,主动对电表执行对时命令,采用698.45的主站授时,对象4000“日期时间”中的属性3定义为主站授时。自下而上的对时方式:如果无信道的限制,采用跟终端同样的对时机制,终端如搜索到新表后,对新表执行对时操作,采用698.45的主站授时,对象4000“日期时间”中的属性3定义为主站授时。
(三)数据的高效汇集
1.设计思路
按任务优先级建立四个链表,分别为:首要、必要、需要、可能。创建的四个链表加起来的总数最大等于配置文件里配置的数量。根据任务优先级,转换压缩任务参数,插入到对应的优先级链表中去。链表内部的顺序按任务ID大小排列如下:执行频率、实际开始时间(开始时间+执行频率+延时)、结束时间、任务运行时段表、ID、时段类型、采集方案类型、采集方案编号。
在插入链表前,先判断实际开始时间和结束时间的有效性,当实际开始时间大于当前时间一天以上或实际开始时间大于结束时间或结束时间小于当前时间则视为无效时间。
2.功能实现
每秒钟分别遍历四个优先级链表:首要、必要、需要、可能。如果当前时间等于实际开始时间,同时在任务运行时段内,执行对应的采集方案;若实际开始时间大于结束时间,任务执行完毕,则从链表中删除该任务;若当前时间大于结束时间,任务执行完毕,从链表中删除该任务。每个任 务的采集方案每次只执行一个数据项的采集。根据返回标志,判断该任务此轮是否执行完成。
模组化终端任务调度功能按任务的优先级由高到低进行调度执行。任务按类别分,优先级从高到低依次为:透传任务、主动上报任务、采集任务。每类任务集合,其子任务本身也有优先级分类,高的先执行,低的后执行。时序图说明:
模组化终端上电初始化后,先执行采集任务1,在执行过程中,被高优先级的采集任务2打断,调度先保存采集任务1的现场,再切换到采集任务2,开始执行采集任务2。在执行采集任务过程中,又被透传任务打断,先执行透传任务。再执行透传任务过程中也是先执行高优先级的透传任务,透传任务执行完成后,再切换执行采集任务,如果有主动上报任务,随时打断采集任务,优先执行主动上报任务。
(四)模组的自识别与诊断
为了实现模组的自动识别,每个Usb模组设备中有一个固件,固件是固化在集成电路内部的程序代码,Usb固件中包含了Usb设备的出厂信息,标识该设备的厂商ID、产品ID、主版本号和次版本号等。另外固件中还包含一组程序,这组程序主要完成Usb协议的处理和设备的读写操作。Usb设备固件和Usb驱动之间通信的规范是通过Usb协议来完成的。Usb的标准描述符包括设备描述符、配置描述符、接口描述符、端点描述符、字符串描述符。
Usb控制器驱动层实现了不同Usb设备控制器的驱动,用于驱动各种不同Usb设备控制器硬件工作;Usb设备协议栈核心层相当于整个协议栈的中枢神经,负责各类Usb消息和数据的处理与传递。核心层进行Usb枚举实现,通过识别的模组设备所属的类(class)、子类(subclass)与相应的驱动挂接;Usb模组驱动层提供了Usb类驱动的框架,用于承载提供各 种功能的功能类驱动,驱动程序的工作就是把请求数据引导到有正确端点的管道上。
如图19所示,Usb模块驱动,各种硬件的模块,例如,图20中的设备号1至设备号5;例如在图20中展示有遥信驱动、遥控驱动、载波驱动及485驱动等。Usb协议栈核心层,Usb主机控制驱动,Usb主机控制器进行控制。
如图21所示,主MCU程序通过模组所在位置(从左到右按照0-n编号),模组子设备按照(从上到下1-n编号)进行数据读写操作。每个Usb设备有一个唯一的地址,这个地址是在设备连上主机时,由主机根据所在位置固定分配这个唯一地址。用一个端点描述符来表示这个设备描述,这样Usb就枚举为一个Usb标准的设备。主站也对模组位置信息和子设备编号进行管理,若位置信息变更模块回自动识别,同时主站档案也作出相应调整。
终端每次复位自动识别设备信息(厂家、设备类型、版本),与主站档案相比对,如果异常则产生告警并且液晶界面提示。主MCU与模组MCU之间需要统一定义一套外部通讯协议来区分不同的模块子设备。每次主MCU通讯都带有位置号和子模块端口号来区分跟不同位置的模组和子设备通讯。
模组化终端的远程升级依托采集系统网络,通过升级管理云服务对终端升级安全及升级流程进行管理,通过操作机上传终端升级程序,配置升级策略并浏览升级进程,终端完成升级后进行上报终端的远程升级策略是通过升级管理云服务配置的,升级策略包括:文件下载策略、升级执行策略、备份恢复策略。
如图20所示,升级过程包括:
1.版本巡检:终端接收到升级策略之后,重启后台升级管理进程,根据 升级策略定期通过云服务获取最新的软件版本列表,同时决定是否升级。
2.启动升级:首先,进行升级准备,包含文件备份,空间清理等可选操作。然后,根据策略启动文件包下载,断点续传机制由终端自行控制。比如根据策略选择闲时下载,空间不足直接上报,不进行文件下载等。
3.升级过程:完成文件下载,校验文件,执行升级,并同步记录相关日志。
4.升级后处理:判断升级结果,升级失败选择相应的恢复机制进行版本恢复。所有操作完成上报升级结果。
2.升级安全管理
升级安全管理的策略包括ESAM加密:待升级终端与云端通信都采用ESAM加密,保证数据的安全性。升级文件除了本身的通信校验外,还可采用其他校验方式,如MD5校验,将文件的校验码和校验方式存储在单独的校验文件中,一并下载到终端文件,下载完成后按照相应的校验方式进行校验,校验成功才能执行升级。升级软件包可分为操作系统软件及补丁,应用模块软件及补丁,软件可分模块分类进行单独的版本控制,升级前可采用云端备份和本地备份方式备份软件包或镜像。一旦升级失败或者出现其它异常,可选择将软件恢复至升级前版本。
如图22所示,根据电能信息采集与管理系统对时钟校准和设备定位的要求,采用先进的GPS+北斗授时与定位技术,在主站端安装GPS+北斗双星时钟和在集中器端安装双星对时定位模块,通过双星时钟在集中器与电能表之间实现精准授时;同时可以获取集中器设备定位信息,实现集中器设备精确定位。在图22中可以对电表1至电表n进行数据采集。
双星对时定位模块是按照在符合DT/L698.45标准的集中器上的,用于定位和获取导航卫星精确时间的硬件功能模块;双星对时定位补盲器,是指为了解决对于符合DTL698.45标准的集中器无法获取导航卫星信号时, 与集中器上双星对时定位模块进行配对使用,完成导航卫星以及GPRS在信号的扫盲的设备。
如图20所示为一种升级方法可包括:
操作机配置终端升级策略;
升级管理云服务,接收中终端升级策略并进行处理,该处理包括但不限于加密处理;
升级管理云服务向终端写入升级策略;
终端重启升级管理进程;
终端按照升级策略进行升级。
若终端按照升级策略进行策略升级,操作机上传升级文件包。
终端按照升级策略进行升级,可包括:
终端进行版本巡查;
接收升级管理云服务返回的版本列表;
启动升级;
升级准备。
终端请求文件下载;
升级管理云服务提供文件包;
文件校验;
升级执行;
若升级成功,则终止流程,若升级失败恢复到前一个版本。
操作机可以向升级管理云服务查询终端的升级状态。
2)功能实现
授时功能的实现:在集中器通过双星时钟定位模块获取卫星同步时间完成对时后,集中器选择合适的时间通过宽带载波方式对所属集中器的电表进行对时,完成所有电表的时间校对,确保所有电表的时间同步。在集 中器与电表等设备之间要考虑通信等因素造成的时延,通过算法修正,使得时间误差控制在规定的指标范围。
授时功能的流程:首先,集中器发起广播对时请求,接收到校对时间请求的电表,分析时间误差,如果时间与集中器时钟一致或者误差在允许范围内,则停止校对时间,并告诉集中器无需校对时间。对于超出时间误差范围的,则发送校对时间请求;完成如下时间校对可如下:
如图18所示,在集中器发送广播读取时间请求时,集中器将自身的时间标签t1携带在应用报文的时间标签里,电能表收到报文时,记录收到报文的时间t2(为电能表时钟源),同时将集中器携带t1也记录下;电能表在t3时刻响应,把t3时间返回给集中器;集中器收到电能表时间响应的时刻记录为t4,集中器根据响应报文时间格式,确定电能表是否支持ms校准;对于支持ms校准的电能表,集中器在t5时刻发送校对时间报文;电能表根号校对时间原理完成对时;对于不支持ms校准的电能表,集中器采用毫秒同步机制,完成毫秒同步后,再发送t5时间(不带毫秒),完成校对时间。
根据对时原理,参考图23所示,校对时间为t5+((t4-t1)-(t3-t2))/2;其中d=((t4-t1)-(t3-t2))/2为传输误差。但是集中器与电能表进行PLC通信时,由于存在路由,并且每次路由级数不确定,会带来一定的不可避免的随机时间误差,这个误差控制在800ms内,可以满足技术要求。
定位功能的实现:集中器通过已安装的双星时钟定位模块,获取自身的定位信息。对于与集中器建立的合法访问连接,集中器能将定位信息按照定义的对象属性,通过DL/T698.45协议返回给访问集中器的设备(客户机)。
通过各个模块的功耗电流测试,根据工作电流的范围,结合模块软件身份识别,确定模块是否工作电流超限,从而实现模组的故障诊断。
如图24所示,通过两个MOS管(MOS1及MOS2)控制模组的电源,其中一个MOS管作为正常工作时使用,另一个MOS管作为电流检测使用,中间可以实现无缝切换。共用一组采样电阻,使用AD采样采集电阻后端的电压,根据输入电压12V,算出电阻上的压降,从而可以算出流过采样电阻的电流。放4个电阻可以防止短路时候的故障检测,4个电阻并联起到一定的分流作用,可以降低电阻的功率,从而减小采样电阻的体积。
停电上报能够实现营配一体化的管理,提高抢修运维的效率,提高可客户的满意度,因此,设计能够停电上报的智能电表势在必行。目前能够停电上报的仅是模组化终端,终端的停上电功能只能实现终端自己的停电快速上报,受限于RS-485模块的单向通信能力,窄带载波的速率,目前智能电表的停电上报功能并未实现。
要想实现智能电表的停电快速上报,首先要解决的就是智能电表与模组化终端的通信方式,为了打破单向通信和通信速率的技术瓶颈,在此引入蓝牙5.0技术来替代RS-485模块的RS-485作为通信技术。蓝牙5.0技术的传输速率上限能达到2Mbps并且发射和接收装置之间的有效工作距离可达300米,在终端也安装蓝牙5.0,可以实现终端到智能电表间的双向通信。除此之外,在智能电表和模组化终端硬件改进上,都增加超级电容,超级电容的在停电通信的工况下,支持终端和电表的工作大于2分钟,模组化终端上行采用4/5G,以太网高速通道,终端下行抄表采用蓝牙5.0技术,电能表支持停电通过蓝牙主动上报。
智能电表检测到停电后,立即启动数据上报,数据通过蓝牙、带宽、无线等通讯模块汇集到集中器,集中器根据自身停电情况研判上报哪些电表数据及哪些电表到主站,主站可以根据电表的停电情况及电表的定位实现停电故障的抢修高效运维,降低运维成本并提供客户的满意度。
本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的发明后,将容易想到 本申请的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本申请的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化,这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本申请的一般性原理并包括本申请未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的,本申请的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。
应当理解的是,本申请并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构,并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本申请的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种模组化终端,其中,包括:主体部分及功能模块;
    所述主体部分,包括:电源交采模块、处理显示模块及超级电容模块;
    所述电源交采模块,用于作为所述模组化终端的主电源提供电能;
    所述处理显示模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,用于信息处理及显示;
    所述超级电容模块,与所述电源交采模块连接,包含一个或多个超级电容,用于作为所述模组化终端的备用电源提供电能;
    所述功能模块,通过所述接口与所述处理显示模块可拆卸连接,在与所述处理显示模块连接后,用于预定功能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的模组化终端,其中,所述功能模块包括以下至少之一:
    远程通信模块,用于基于无线公网进行所述模组化终端的远程通信;
    遥信脉冲模块,用于收发遥信脉冲信号;
    本地通信模块,用于进行所述模组化终端的本地通信;
    远程抄表系统MBUS通讯模块,用于传输水表、燃气表和/或热量表的数据;
    RS485模块,用于数据采集;
    控制模块,用于控制所述模组化终端内控制功能的轮询。
  3. 根据1或2所述的模组化终端,其中,所述电源交采模块包括:
    电源模块、电源输入端子及交采脉冲输出端子;
    所述电源模块包括底座及设置在所述底座上的连接端子;
    所述底座上设置有供所述超级电容模块连接的连接端子、与所述处理显示模块连接的连接端子、及供所述功能模块连接的强电插接件;
    其中,所述供所述超级电路模块连接的连接端子位于所述底座的顶部;所述与所述处理显示模块连接的连接端子位于底座的两侧;所述供所述功能模块连接的强电插拔件位于所述底座的侧面且位于所述底座的底端;
    所述交采脉冲输出端子,用于与能够提供电能的电源连接,用于输入电能;
    所述交采脉冲接口,用于输出秒冲信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述模组化终端,其中,所述电源输入端子包括:
    三相电流端子;
    三相电压端子;
    遥信端子;
    辅助电源输入端子;
    电压零线端子;
    所述交采脉冲输出端子,包括:
    有功脉冲信号的输出端子;
    无功脉冲信号的输出端子;
    秒脉冲信号的输出端子;
    脉冲输出公共地端子。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的模组化终端,其中,所述电源交采模块还包括:
    通信端子,用于外电源进行供电传输的通信。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的模组化终端,其中,所述处理显示模块安装有基于Linux的嵌入式操作系统;
    所述嵌入式操作系统分为平台层、库及应用软件框架;
    所述平台层,用于抽象对硬件进行资源抽象,提供与安装在所述模 组化终端内的应用软件APP的功能接口;
    所述库,位于所述平台层及所述应用软件框架之间;
    所述应用软件框架,用于APP之间的安装,并提供所述APP的管理和消息通信。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的模组化终端,其中,所述平台层包括:
    操作系统适配层,用于对所述嵌入式操作系统进行抽象提供模组化终端内平台统一编程接口;
    设备接口层,与硬件驱动连接,用于提供硬件驱动的统一接口;
    设备管理器,分别与所述设备接口层及硬件驱动连接,用于所述平台层的APP监控和管理。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的模组化终端,其中,所述操作系统适配层,具体用于对进程、线程、消息队列、时钟、定时器、互斥量、信号量及内存进行抽象封装;
    和/或,
    所述设备接口层,具体用于屏蔽硬件差异,提供硬件驱动的统一接口层给库和应用软件框架内的APP;
    和/或,
    所述库包括:
    基础接口库,提供嵌入式应用场景的抽象封装;
    业务接口库,提供电力应用场景的抽象封装;
    第三方工具库,提供第三方工具的抽象封装。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的模组化终端,其中,所述主体部分包括:
    终端支架;
    端子座,安装在所述终端支架底部;其中,所述端子座包括:与所述功能模块连接的端子,其中,所述端子集中分布在所述端子座的一段, 并在所述端子座安装在所述终端支架内后显露在所述终端支架外侧构成所述模组化终端尾部的组成;
    主功能板,安装在所述终端支架内且位于所述端子座上层;所述主功能板为构成所述电源交采模块的电源交采板和提供所述超级电容模块安装的电容板;
    内盖板,安装在所述终端支架内且覆盖在所述主功能板之上;其中,所述内盖板上设置有所述显示处理模块的安装位和所述功能模组的安装位;所述内盖板上还设置一个或多个通孔,供所述电源交采模块提供的电源接口显露并与所述处理显示模块及所述功能模块连接;
    处理显示模块,安装在所述内盖板上,通过内盖板上开口显露的电源交采模块的电源接口连接;其中,所述处理显示模块作为所述模组化终端的头部的组成部分,其中,所述模组化终端的头部与所述模组化终端的尾部为所述模组化终端相反位置的两个组成部分。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的模组化终端,其中,所述模组化终端包括电容仓;
    所述电容仓位于所述内盖板上方,其中,所述超级电容模块安装在所述内盖板上通孔显露的电容连接端子与所述电源交采模块连接;
    或者,
    所述电容仓位于所述内盖板下方,其中,所述内盖板上安装有电容仓盖板,其中,所述电容仓盖板打开,所述电容仓显露;所述电容仓盖板闭合,所述电容仓盖板构成所述功能模组的安装位。
PCT/CN2019/111090 2019-10-14 2019-10-14 模组化终端 WO2021072605A1 (zh)

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