WO2021063213A1 - 光学防伪元件及防伪产品 - Google Patents

光学防伪元件及防伪产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021063213A1
WO2021063213A1 PCT/CN2020/116770 CN2020116770W WO2021063213A1 WO 2021063213 A1 WO2021063213 A1 WO 2021063213A1 CN 2020116770 W CN2020116770 W CN 2020116770W WO 2021063213 A1 WO2021063213 A1 WO 2021063213A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
counterfeiting
optical anti
fresnel
preset
counterfeiting element
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PCT/CN2020/116770
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孙凯
朱军
Original Assignee
中钞特种防伪科技有限公司
中国印钞造币总公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US17/765,408 priority Critical patent/US20220388326A1/en
Application filed by 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司, 中国印钞造币总公司 filed Critical 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司
Priority to EP20872761.0A priority patent/EP4039492A4/en
Priority to AU2020359849A priority patent/AU2020359849A1/en
Publication of WO2021063213A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021063213A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/324—Reliefs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
    • G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
    • G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
    • G02B30/50—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels
    • G02B30/56—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels by projecting aerial or floating images
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
    • G02B5/1866—Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/23—Identity cards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of optical anti-counterfeiting, in particular to an optical anti-counterfeiting element and an anti-counterfeiting product.
  • optically variable technology is widely used for public anti-counterfeiting of high-security securities such as banknotes.
  • This technology has features such as dynamic images and color changes that can be observed with the naked eye, and cannot use cameras, scanners, printers and other electronics. Equipment imitates or duplicates.
  • instrument-assisted anti-counterfeiting features on banknotes can increase the anti-counterfeiting capabilities of banknotes. Observers cannot identify these features immediately, but simple tools can immediately discover obvious and identifiable features.
  • the most common instrument-assisted anti-counterfeiting features are fluorescent or phosphorescent inks, which can be checked by readily available UV lamps. At present, this type of ink has been widely used, and its anti-counterfeiting performance has also been reduced. Later, a variety of alternatives including liquid crystal polarization characteristics or diffractive optical elements were proposed. However, the diffractive optical element requires the use of a laser light source to be recognized.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an optical anti-counterfeiting element and anti-counterfeiting product, which can reproduce the preset pattern from the transmission direction under the illumination of a portable light source such as a mobile phone flashlight, and present a relief effect from the reflection direction, thereby improving the anti-counterfeiting ability and identification Degree, and the identification process is simple.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element includes: a substrate; and a plurality of Fresnel structures with preset lateral dimensions formed on the substrate, the plurality The Fresnel structure is used to form preset graphics and text information in the transmission direction under the illumination of a preset light source, and present the preset graphics and text information with a relief effect in the reflection direction.
  • each of the at least two Fresnel structures in the plurality of Fresnel structures is selected with equal probability in the
  • the reflective facet in the overlapping area is the reflective facet in the overlapping area.
  • the preset lateral size range is 5-50 ⁇ m.
  • the height distribution of the Fresnel structure along the preset direction complies with the ellipse equation.
  • the height of the Fresnel structure is less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the focal length range of the Fresnel structure is 5-50 cm.
  • the Fresnel structure is a structure cut from a ball lens or a cylindrical lens.
  • the divergence angle of the preset light source is less than 45°.
  • the preset light source is sunlight, flashlight or spotlight.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element further includes: a color modulation structure formed on the Fresnel structure for modulating the color of light reflected or transmitted by the Fresnel structure, so that the preset graphics The information is presented in preset colors.
  • the color modulation structure includes: a subwavelength microstructure and a reflection enhancement layer formed on the subwavelength microstructure; or a microstructure with steep side walls.
  • the second aspect of the present invention provides an anti-counterfeiting product, which includes the optical anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the anti-counterfeiting product includes banknotes, ID cards, bank cards or money orders.
  • the present invention creatively forms a plurality of Fresnel structures with preset lateral dimensions on the substrate, so that the preset pattern can be reproduced from the transmission direction under the illumination of a portable light source such as a flashlight of a mobile phone, and from the reflection
  • a portable light source such as a flashlight of a mobile phone
  • the direction presents an embossed effect, thereby improving the anti-counterfeiting ability and recognition, and the identification process is simple.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of an optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of a Fresnel structure taken from a cylindrical lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2(b) is a schematic diagram of an image presented in the transmission direction of the Fresnel structure (height of 0.5mm) in Figure 2(a) provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2(c) is a schematic diagram of an image presented in the transmission direction of the Fresnel structure (height of 5 ⁇ m) in Figure 2(a) provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of a Fresnel structure taken from a ball lens provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of an image presented in the transmission direction of the Fresnel structure in Fig. 3(a) provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of a Fresnel structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4(b) is a schematic structural diagram of the four sub-regions divided into the Fresnel structure in FIG. 4(a) according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4(c) is a schematic diagram of an image presented in the reflection direction of a Fresnel structure designed by adopting an equal probability selection of reflective facets in an overlapping area according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a banknote provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Stroke refers to a continuous line or isolated dotted area in a design pattern. .
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical anti-counterfeiting element provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element may include: a substrate 1; and a plurality of Fresnel structures 2 having a predetermined lateral size formed on the substrate 1, and the plurality of Fresnel structures 2 are used to preset a light source Under the irradiation of, the preset graphic information is formed in the transmission direction, and the preset graphic information with embossing effect is presented in the reflection direction.
  • the substrate 1 can be one of paper and film (such as PET film or aluminized film, etc.).
  • the preset light source required for observation can be a flashlight that is directly turned on from the lock screen interface of a mobile phone equipped with Android or Apple systems, and the authentication procedure is simple.
  • the preset light source is not limited to a flashlight, and all bright point light sources (for example, direct sunlight) or parallel lights with a relatively single direction (for example, spotlights) can be used for identification.
  • the Fresnel structure 2 may be a structure cut from a cylindrical lens (as shown in FIG. 2(a)).
  • the Fresnel structure 2 can be any part of the cylindrical lens, that is, there is no restriction on the shape of the intercepted structure; and, theoretically, there is no restriction on the lateral size, longitudinal size, and azimuth angle of the cylindrical lens. Yes, but it should be adjusted according to the spacing of the points that make up the graph.
  • the azimuth angle of the cylindrical lens at a certain point is consistent with the tangent direction of the preset figure at that point.
  • the Fresnel structure 2 can also be a structure cut from a ball lens (as shown in Figure 3(a)).
  • the Fresnel structure 2 can be any part of the ball lens, and can be a circle or a ring concentric with the ball lens, that is, there is no limitation on the shape of the interception; and, in theory, the shape of the ball lens There is no limit to the diameter. The larger the diameter of the ball lens, the greater the inclination angle of the Fresnel structure that can be intercepted.
  • the Fresnel structure 2 in the above-mentioned optical anti-counterfeiting element is composed of a plurality of reflective facets, and the inclination and azimuth angles of the multiple reflective facets satisfy the same Fresnel formula.
  • the reflective facet may be a curved surface (not shown) or a flat surface structure (as shown in FIG. 5).
  • each Fresnel structure 2 intercepted from the ball lens corresponds to a pixel point, which constitutes the stroke "/" in the "A"
  • a plurality of Fresnel structures 2 correspondingly generate a plurality of pixels forming a stroke pattern corresponding to the stroke (as shown in Figure 3(b));
  • each Fresnel structure 2 intercepted from a cylindrical lens is correspondingly generated and formed
  • a series of pixels of a certain stroke such as the stroke “/” in the word “A” (as shown in Figure 2(c)
  • Fresnel structures can be divided into multiple combinations, and each combination satisfies a different Fresnel formula (the focal plane in the different Fresnel formula is located at a different position), thus, Under the illumination of a preset light source such as a mobile phone flash, one or more preset graphic information can be projected on multiple focal planes.
  • a preset light source such as a mobile phone flash
  • the lateral size of the Fresnel structure needs to be greater than 5 ⁇ m, so as to avoid diffraction of visible light.
  • the lateral size needs to be less than 50 ⁇ m.
  • the horizontal size of the Fresnel structure in the optical security element if the horizontal size of the Fresnel structure is larger, the focusing effect in the transmission direction is better, that is, the preset graphic information presented The brighter, but due to the possible stacking between the strokes, the weaker the embossing effect appears in the reflection direction.
  • the preset lateral size range is 5-50 ⁇ m
  • a portable light source such as a mobile phone flashlight
  • a brighter preset graphic information can be observed from the transmission direction
  • the obvious relief effect can also be observed from the reflection direction.
  • the focal length range of the Fresnel structure may be selected to be 5-50 cm in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • processing equipment such as a precision lathe
  • processing equipment can be used to directly form multiple Fresnel structures that meet the preset height distribution on the substrate (for example, the projection presents the graphics " Multiple Fresnel structures of A” 2).
  • the total line width of graphics (such as graphics "A") is about 0.5-5mm (the width is 5-20% of the design graphics size, but it can be based on the size of the graphics The line distribution can be adjusted), the height that the human eye can easily recognize is about 0.1-1mm.
  • the line profile of the Fresnel structure in Figure 2(a), which is designed according to the above dimensions, is a grayscale image with a certain width
  • the grayscale value represents the height information
  • 255 is the highest point
  • 0 corresponds to the lowest point.
  • the height range of the Fresnel structure is 0.1-1mm, it is difficult to process and form on plastic or paper by roll-to-roll embossing. Therefore, in order to be directly processed by roll-to-roll embossing, you can use In a certain way, a Fresnel structure with a large height is cut into a Fresnel structure with a height less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the height of the Fresnel structure located everywhere should be appropriately designed. Considering that the incident light is parallel light, it can be calculated according to the principle of equal optical path that the height distribution of the Fresnel structure along the preset direction should conform to the ellipse equation. Specifically, the elliptic equation is: Where x is the position along the preset direction, y is the height of the Fresnel structure, n is the refractive index of the material forming the reflective facet, and f is the reproduction focal length in the Fresnel formula.
  • the above content introduces the fact that the height distribution deviation of the actual Fresnel structure will cause the lines of the projected graphics to be not sharp enough.
  • the designed Fresnel Correspondingly, the Er structure will overlap in some areas, and the overlapped area will cause the transmission reproduction effect to be seriously deteriorated.
  • the embodiment of the present invention redesigns the Fresnel structure in the overlapping area in the following manner.
  • each of the at least two Fresnel structures in the plurality of Fresnel structures has overlapping regions
  • each of the at least two Fresnel structures is selected with equal probability in the
  • the reflective facet in the overlapping area is the reflective facet in the overlapping area.
  • the preset graphic information can be presented as a more complex design graphic, such as a company logo as shown in Figure 4(a), it can be decomposed into two or more according to certain rules. Sub-area.
  • the specific decomposition method there are many options for the specific decomposition method.
  • multiple Fresnel structures in each sub-region can be designed according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2(a) or FIG. 3(a). In general, the Fresnel structures in different sub-regions are likely to overlap in area.
  • the processing is performed according to the equal probability selection: taking three sub-regions (S1, S2, S3) overlapping in a certain area S0 as an example, in the overlapping area S0, select the S1, S2, and S3 sub-regions.
  • the reflective facets in the 1/3 area of the corresponding overlapping area S0 are used as the reflective facets in the overlapping area (the selection can be in a certain order, such as S1-S2-S3, or in any order, but S1, S2 and S3 are basically selected at the same ratio).
  • the design method of reflecting facets in the overlapping area is selected according to the above equal probability, which can make the graphics designed in the reflection direction unrecognizable to a certain extent, and the degree of unrecognizable depends on the design graphics Its own complexity and degree of mutual superposition.
  • the reflection can be hidden to a certain extent, but a certain relief effect is still maintained, and the transparent projection reproduces the effect of the design pattern.
  • the divergence angle of the preset light source will also affect the transmission projection. Therefore, in this embodiment, in order to make the transmission projection graphics clearer, the divergence of the preset light source is required. The angle is subject to certain restrictions.
  • the divergence angle of the preset light source is less than 45°.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element may further include: a color modulation structure 3 formed on the Fresnel structure 2 for modulating the color of the light reflected or transmitted by the Fresnel structure 2, so that the The preset graphic information presents a preset color, as shown in Figure 5. Therefore, the color can be controlled by changing the parameters of the color modulation structure 3, such as feature size and depth, etc., so as to achieve customized colors. Therefore, the reflected and transmitted images can be monochromatic or It can be colored or even gradient.
  • the color modulation structure 3 may include: a subwavelength microstructure 30 and a reflection enhancement layer 32 formed on the subwavelength microstructure 30, as shown in FIG. 5; or a microstructure with steep side walls (not shown).
  • the sub-wavelength microstructure 30 and the microstructure with steep side walls (not shown) may be a one-dimensional grating or a two-dimensional grating.
  • the existence of the color modulation structure 3 basically does not affect the refraction angle of the Fresnel structure 2, and therefore does not affect its projection reproduction effect.
  • the color modulation structure 3 formed by the reflection enhancement layer 32 and the sub-wavelength microstructure 30 shown in FIG. 5 if the color modulation structure 3 only uses a diffraction grating with a period less than the wavelength of visible light, that is, the subwavelength microstructure 30, then The corresponding optical anti-counterfeiting element will not produce obvious color characteristics.
  • the reflection enhancement layer 32 is added to the sub-wavelength microstructure 30, the color and/or polarization characteristics are generated by the plasmon resonance absorption of the reflection enhancement layer 32.
  • the reflection enhancement layer 32 may be a metal layer or a dielectric layer (may be a single layer or multiple layers), wherein the material of the metal layer may be gold, silver, copper, aluminum, iron, tin, zinc, nickel, chromium And other metals or their alloys; the material of the dielectric layer can be high/low refractive index materials, and the high refractive index (for example, refractive index greater than or equal to 1.7) materials can be ZnS, TiN, TiO2, TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5, Ta2O5, Nb2O5, CeO2, Bi2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, HfO2, ZnO, etc.; the low refractive index (for example, refractive index less than 1.7) material can be MgF2, SiO2, and the like.
  • the period range of the sub-wavelength microstructure 30 in the x-direction and/or the y-direction is 0.3-5 ⁇ m, which is about 1/10-1/ of the lateral size of the Fresnel structure 2.
  • the lateral scale of the Fresnel structure is generally 5-20 ⁇ m; the groove depth of the sub-wavelength microstructure 30 is in the range of 0.1-0.2 ⁇ m.
  • the characteristic size range of the microstructure with steep side walls in the x-direction and/or y-direction is 0.5-100 ⁇ m, preferably 1-20 ⁇ m.
  • the depth range of the microstructure with steep side walls in the z direction is 0.05-10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1-3 ⁇ m.
  • a protective layer (not shown) can be coated on the surface of the color modulation structure 3 to prolong the service life of the optical anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the material of the protective layer can be transparent materials such as epoxy resin, acrylic, polyurethane, polyamide, or UV curing glue.
  • the refractive index of the Fresnel structure 2 should be higher than the refractive index of the protective layer, and the preferred range of the difference can be 0.05-0.3.
  • the Fresnel structure 2 can be directly applied to the substrate 1, and can produce anti-counterfeiting features that can be recognized by mobile phones without adding other evaporation and printing processes.
  • the anti-counterfeiting feature is easy to explain to the public, and the projected pattern is easy to be observed by ordinary observers.
  • the average light transmittance of the optical anti-counterfeiting element provided in the various embodiments of the present invention may exceed 30% in the visible light waveband.
  • the present invention creatively forms multiple Fresnel structures with preset lateral dimensions on the substrate, so that the preset pattern can be reproduced from the transmission direction under the illumination of a portable light source such as a mobile phone flashlight, and from the reflection
  • the direction presents an embossed effect, thereby improving the anti-counterfeiting ability and recognition, and the identification process is simple.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides an anti-counterfeiting product, which includes the optical anti-counterfeiting element.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element can be placed in the above-mentioned anti-counterfeiting product in a manner such as a window opening security thread, a window opening sticker or a label.
  • the anti-counterfeiting products may include high value-added products such as banknotes, ID cards, bank cards, money orders or securities.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of applying the optical anti-counterfeiting element of the embodiment of the present invention to a banknote 5.
  • the optical anti-counterfeiting element can be adhered to or directly processed on the surface of the banknote in the form of a wide strip 6, and there is a window (called a window) 7 in the area where the wide strip 6 is located.
  • the shape and size of the window 7 are arbitrary, for example, Various regular or irregular shapes such as circles, rectangles, or squares, as well as sizes greater than, less than or equal to the width of the wide strip 6 are all feasible.
  • the window 7 is obtained by removing a part of the banknote 5, through which the transmission anti-counterfeiting feature of the wide strip 6 can be observed.
  • the window 7 may also be a part of the substrate in the banknote 5.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Abstract

一种光学防伪元件及防伪产品，光学防伪元件包括：基材（1）；以及形成于基材（1）上的具有预设横向尺寸的多个菲涅尔结构（2），多个菲涅尔结构（2）用于在预设光源的照射下，在透射方向上形成预设的图文信息，并且在反射方向上呈现具有浮雕效果的预设的图文信息。光学防伪元件在照射下，从透射方向再现预设图案，且从反射方向呈现浮雕效果，提高了防伪能力和辨识度，且鉴别过程简单。

Description

光学防伪元件及防伪产品
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年09月30日提交的中国专利申请201910943319.0的权益，该申请的内容通过引用被合并于本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及光学防伪领域，具体地涉及一种光学防伪元件及防伪产品。
背景技术
当今，光可变(optically variable)技术广泛用于钞票等高防伪有价证券的公众防伪，该技术具有裸眼可观察的动态图像和颜色变化等特征，且无法利用照相机、扫描仪、打印机等电子设备模仿或复制。
在钞票上使用仪器辅助的防伪特征可增加钞票的防伪能力。观察者无法立刻辨识这些特征，但利用简单的工具可立即发现明显的、可识别的特征。最常见的仪器辅助防伪特征是荧光或磷光油墨，这些特征通过易于获得的UV灯即可查验。目前这类油墨已广泛使用，它的防伪性能也随之降低。之后，包括液晶偏振特征或衍射光学元件的多种可替代方案被提出来。然而，衍射光学元件需要使用激光光源才能被辨识。
随着手机在世界防伪内的普及，多种基于手机的鉴别方案又被提 出。但是，这些方案大多需要通过摄像头对待鉴别的钞票或文件进行拍照，然后通过特定的手机应用程序(APP)对所述待鉴别的钞票或文件的照片进行识别。这种鉴别方式需要下载相应的APP才可执行相应的鉴别过程，过程繁琐且耗时。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种光学防伪元件及防伪产品，其可在手机闪光灯等便携光源的照射下，从透射方向再现预设图案，并且从反射方向呈现浮雕效果，从而提高了防伪能力和辨识度，并且鉴别过程简单。
为了实现上述目的，本发明一方面提供一种光学防伪元件，该光学防伪元件包括：基材；以及形成于所述基材上的具有预设横向尺寸的多个菲涅尔结构，该多个菲涅尔结构用于在预设光源的照射下，在透射方向上形成预设的图文信息，并且在反射方向上呈现具有浮雕效果的所述预设的图文信息。
优选地，在所述多个菲涅尔结构中的至少两个菲涅尔结构存在相互重叠的区域情况下，等概率地选取所述至少两个菲涅尔结构中的每一者在所述相互重叠的区域内的反射小面为该相互重叠的区域内的反射小面。
优选地，所述预设横向尺寸范围为5-50μm。
优选地，所述菲涅尔结构沿预设方向的高度分布符合椭圆方程。
优选地，所述菲涅尔结构的高度小于10μm。
优选地，所述菲涅尔结构的焦距范围为5-50cm。
优选地，所述菲涅尔结构为从球透镜或柱透镜中截取的结构。
优选地，所述预设光源的发散角小于45°。
优选地，所述预设光源为太阳光、闪光灯或射灯。
优选地，该光学防伪元件还包括：形成于所述菲涅尔结构上的颜色调制结构，用于调制该菲涅尔结构所反射或透射的光线的颜色，以使所述预设的图文信息呈现预设颜色。
优选地，所述颜色调制结构包括：亚波长微结构与形成于该亚波长微结构上的反射增强层；或者边壁陡直的微结构。
本发明第二方面提供一种防伪产品，该防伪产品包含所述的光学防伪元件。
优选地，所述防伪产品包括钞票、身份证、银行卡或汇票。
通过上述技术方案，本发明创造性地在基材上形成具有预设横向尺寸的多个菲涅尔结构，从而可在手机闪光灯等便携光源的照射下，从透射方向再现预设图案，并且从反射方向呈现浮雕效果，从而提高了防伪能力和辨识度，并且鉴别过程简单。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本实用新型的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本实用新型，但并不构 成对本实用新型的限制。在附图中：
图1是本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件的结构图；
图2(a)是本发明实施例提供的截取自柱透镜的菲涅尔结构的示意图；
图2(b)是本发明实施例提供的图2(a)中的菲涅尔结构(高度为0.5mm)在透射方向上所呈现的图像示意图；
图2(c)是本发明实施例提供的图2(a)中的菲涅尔结构(高度为5μm)在透射方向上所呈现的图像示意图；
图3(a)是本发明实施例提供的截取自球透镜的菲涅尔结构的示意图；
图3(b)是本发明实施例提供的图3(a)中的菲涅尔结构在透射方向上所呈现的图像示意图；
图4(a)是本发明实施例提供的菲涅尔结构的示意图；
图4(b)是本发明实施例提供的图4(a)中的菲涅尔结构被划分的4个子区域的结构示意图；
图4(c)是本发明实施例提供的采用等概率选取重叠区域内的反射小面的方式设计的菲涅尔结构在反射方向上所呈现的图像示意图；
图5是本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件的剖面图；以及
图6是本发明实施例提供的钞票的示意图。
附图标记说明
1   基材          2   菲涅尔结构
3   颜色调制结构  5   钞票
6   宽条          7   窗口
30  亚波长微结构  32  反射增强层
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。
在介绍本发明的具体实时方式之前，先对“笔画”进行简单的介绍。“笔画”是指设计图案中一个连续的线条或者孤立的点状区域。。
图1是本发明实施例提供的光学防伪元件的结构示意图。所述光学防伪元件可包括：基材1；以及形成于所述基材1上的具有预设横向尺寸的多个菲涅尔结构2，该多个菲涅尔结构2用于在预设光源的照射下，在透射方向上形成预设的图文信息，并且在反射方向上呈现具有浮雕效果的所述预设的图文信息。其中，所述基材1可为纸张、薄膜(如PET膜或镀铝膜等)中的一者。与现有技术相比，本发明提供的上述鉴别方式无需下载手机APP，观察所需的预设光源可为从装有安卓或苹果等系统的手机锁屏界面直接打开的闪光灯，并且鉴别程序简单。同时，所述预设光源不局限于闪光灯，所有明亮的点光源(例如，直射太阳光)或方向较为单一的平行光(例如，射灯)都可以用来进行识别。
所述菲涅尔结构2可为从柱透镜中截取的结构(如图2(a)所示)。具体地，所述菲涅尔结构2可以是柱透镜中的任意部分，即对所截取的结构的形状没有限制；并且，在理论上，柱透镜的横向尺寸、纵向尺寸和方位角是没有限制的，但要根据组成图形的点的间距调整。优选地，某点处的柱透镜的方位角与预设图形在该点处的切线方向一致。另外，所述菲涅尔结构2还可为从球透镜中截取的结构(如图3(a)所示)。具体地，所述菲涅尔结构2可以是球透镜中的任意部分，可以是与球透镜同心的圆或者圆环，即对所截取的形状也没有限制；并且，在理论上，球透镜的直径是没有限制的，球透镜的直径越大，所截取得到的菲涅尔结构的倾斜角越大。
上述光学防伪元件中的所述菲涅尔结构2由多个反射小面组成，该多个反射小面的倾斜角及方位角满足同一个菲涅尔公式。其中，所述反射小面可为曲面(未示出)或平面的面结构(如图5所示)。由此，截取自球透镜的每个菲涅尔结构2(例如，对应于“A”字中的笔画“·”)对应产生一个像素点，而组成“A”字中的笔画“/”的多个菲涅尔结构2对应产生组成与所述笔画相应的笔画图案的多个像素点(如图3(b)所示)；截取自柱透镜的每个菲涅尔结构2对应产生形成与某笔画(例如“A”字中的笔画“/”)的一系列像素点(如图2(c)所示)，故可通过设计多个菲涅尔结构2的分布来呈现预设的图文信息。例如，通过设计图2(a)或图3(a)中简单的“A”字分布的多个菲涅尔结构，相应地，在预设光源照射该光学防伪元件的情况下，呈现图2(b)或图3(b)中的图形“A”。或者， 通过设计图4(a)中复杂的公司标识分布的多个菲涅尔结构，相应地，在预设光源照射该光学防伪元件的情况下，呈现图4(b)中的公司标识的图像。需要说明的是，所述预设的图文信息可为字母、数字、货币符号或其组合等有意义的图文信息。
当然，通过合理的设置可使多个菲涅尔结构分为多个组合，每个组合满足不同的菲涅尔公式(该不同的菲涅尔公式中的焦平面所在位置不同)，由此，在手机闪光灯等预设光源的照射下，可在多个焦平面上投影出一个或多个预设的图文信息。
对于380-780nm的可见光谱范围，菲涅尔结构的横向尺寸需大于5μm，从而可避免对可见光的衍射，同时为产生较为细腻的设计图像，横向尺寸需小于50μm。然而，在设计光学防伪元件中的菲涅尔结构的横向尺寸时，若菲涅尔结构的横向尺寸越大，则透射方向的聚焦效果越好，即所呈现的所述预设的图文信息越亮，但由于笔画之间可能产生的堆叠使得反射方向上所呈现的浮雕效果越弱。在本发明实施例中，当所述预设横向尺寸范围为5-50μm时，在手机闪光灯等便携光源照射该光学防伪元件的情况下，从透射方向可观察到较亮的预设图文信息，并且从反射方向也可观察到明显的浮雕效果。
为了方便观察者识别，在本发明实施例中可将所述菲涅尔结构的焦距范围选取为5-50cm。
在从柱透镜或球透镜中截取菲涅尔结构后，可利用加工设备(如精密车床)直接在基材上直接形成满足预设高度分布的多个菲涅尔结构(例如，投影呈现图形“A”的多个菲涅尔结构2)。考虑防伪产品 的常用设计尺寸(如5-50mm)，图形(例如，图形“A”)的线条总宽度约为0.5-5mm(该宽度为设计图形尺寸的5-20％，但可根据图形的线条分布情况进行调整)，人眼易识别的高度约为0.1-1mm。相应地，按照上述尺寸设计得到的图2(a)中的菲涅尔结构所呈现的线条轮廓为具有一定宽度的灰度图，灰度值代表高度信息，255为最高点，而0对应最低点。然而，若菲涅尔结构的高度范围为0.1-1mm，则其难以通过卷对卷压印的方式在塑料或纸张上加工形成，故为了能够通过卷对卷压印的方式直接加工，可以用一定的方式将高度较大的菲涅尔结构切割为高度小于10μm的菲涅尔结构。
为达到透射投影时能够产生良好的聚焦效果，应对位于各处的菲涅尔结构的高度进行适当的设计。考虑入射光为平行光的情况，根据等光程原理可计算得知：所述菲涅尔结构沿预设方向的高度分布应符合椭圆方程。具体地，所述椭圆方程为：
Figure PCTCN2020116770-appb-000001
其中，x为沿所述预设方向的位置，y为菲涅尔结构的高度，
Figure PCTCN2020116770-appb-000002
n为形成反射小面的材料的折射率，f为菲涅尔公式中的再现焦距。以图2(a)为例，在三个菲涅尔结构沿垂直于笔画方向的高度分布均满足同一椭圆方程的情况下，可在透射方向上所呈现的图像“A”更为锐利与清晰。但由于实际制作的菲涅尔结构的高度分布可能与上述椭圆方程存在差异，故其将导致投影图形的线条不够锐利与清晰，例如，导致透射方向所呈现的图形“A”由多个条纹组成的笔画图案组成，例如图2(c)或图3(b)所示。另外，实际的照明光源也可能不是严格的平行光源，这也将导致所呈现图形的线条不够锐利与清晰。
上述内容介绍了实际制作的菲涅尔结构的高度分布偏差会导致投影图形的线条不够锐利，除此之外，对于要呈现的预设的图文信息为复杂图形的情况，所设计的菲涅尔结构也会相应地在某些区域出现重叠，在该重叠的区域会导致透射再现的效果严重变差。在这种情况下，本发明实施例通过以下方式重新设计该重叠区域内的菲涅尔结构。具体地，在所述多个菲涅尔结构中的至少两个菲涅尔结构存在相互重叠的区域情况下，等概率地选取所述至少两个菲涅尔结构中的每一者在所述相互重叠的区域内的反射小面为该相互重叠的区域内的反射小面。
具体地，对于要呈现的预设的图文信息为较复杂的设计图形，如图4(a)所示的一个公司标识，则可按照一定的规则将其分解为两个或两个以上的子区域。当然，具体的分解的方式可以有多种选择。首先，可按照图2(a)或图3(a)所示的实施方式设计每个子区域内的多个菲涅尔结构。一般情况下，不同子区域内的菲涅尔结构在面积上很可能存在重叠。其次，在重叠区域中按照等概率选取的方式进行处理：以三个子区域(S1，S2，S3)在某区域S0内重叠为例，在重叠区域S0内，选取S1、S2和S3子区域所对应的重叠区域S0的1/3面积内的反射小面作为该重叠区域内的反射小面(选取可以是按照一定顺序的，例如S1-S2-S3，也可以是任意顺序的，只是S1、S2和S3被选取的比例基本相同即可)。而在非重叠区域，可以采用不同子区域内的全部菲涅尔结构，成像效果最好；当然，也可以采用不同子区域内的一定的比例菲涅尔结构，只不过成像效果会变差(如图 4(c)所示)。
当多个子区域在面积上相互重叠时，按照上述等概率选择重叠区域内的反射小面的设计方式，可以使得在反射方向所设计的图形一定程度的不可识别，不可识别的程度取决于设计图形本身的复杂度和相互叠加的程度。按照本实施例提供的处理方式可产生反射一定程度隐藏，但仍保持一定的浮雕效果，而透光投影再现设计图案的效果。
除了上述菲涅尔结构的高度分布之外，预设光源的发散角也会对透射投影产生影响，故在本实施例中，为使透射投影的图形更为清晰，需要对预设光源的发散角进行一定的限制。
首先对预设光源的发散角进行简单的介绍。在光照强度(ρ)-入射角(θ)的极坐标系里，在入射角θ 1时光照强度为最大值，在入射角θ 2时光照强度减弱到最大值一半，定义|θ 1-θ 2|为光源的发散角，为实现较为清晰的投影图像，优选地，所述预设光源的发散角小于45°。
如果只存在菲涅尔结构，那么反射浮雕效果及透射投影图像只能是灰度的形式，实现简单的“黑-灰-白”的图像。为了丰富图像的信息量，增加技术难度以提高防伪能力，并便于公众观察，本发明将“颜色调制结构”布置于菲涅尔结构中的反射小面上，实现反射和透射图像的颜色化。具体地，所述光学防伪元件还可包括：形成于所述菲涅尔结构2上的颜色调制结构3，用于调制该菲涅尔结构2所反射或透射的光线的颜色，以使所述预设的图文信息呈现预设颜色，如图5所示。由此，可通过改变颜色调制结构3的参数，例如，特征尺寸和深 度等，来实现对颜色的控制，从而实现订制化的颜色，由此，反射和透射图像可以是单色的，也可以是彩色的，甚至可以是渐变色的。
所述颜色调制结构3可包括：亚波长微结构30与形成于该亚波长微结构30上的反射增强层32，如图5所示；或者边壁陡直的微结构(未示出)。所述亚波长微结构30与所述边壁陡直的微结构(未示出)可以是一维光栅，也可以是二维光栅。所述颜色调制结构3的存在基本不影响菲涅尔结构2的折射角度，因而不影响其投影再现效果。
下面简单介绍通过该两种不同的颜色调制结构3实现图像颜色化的原理。
具体地，对于图5所示的由反射增强层32与亚波长微结构30形成的颜色调制结构3，若颜色调制结构3仅采用周期小于可见光波长的衍射光栅，即亚波长微结构30，则相应的光学防伪元件将不产生明显的颜色特征。对此，可在亚波长微结构30上增加反射增强层32后，通过反射增强层32的等离子共振吸收产生颜色和/或偏振特征。所述反射增强层32可以为金属层或介质层(可为单层或多层)，其中，所述金属层的材料可以是金、银、铜、铝、铁、锡、锌、镍、铬等金属或其合金；所述介质层的材料可为高/低折射率材料，高折射率(例如，折射率大于等于1.7)材料可以是ZnS、TiN、TiO2、TiO、Ti2O3、Ti3O5、Ta2O5、Nb2O5、CeO2、Bi2O3、Cr2O3、Fe2O3、HfO2或ZnO等；低折射率(例如，折射率小于1.7)材料可以是MgF2、SiO2等。其中，所述亚波长微结构30在x方向和/或y方向上(即横 向特征尺寸)的周期范围为0.3-5μm，其约为菲涅尔结构2的横向尺寸的1/10-1/5(菲涅尔结构的横向尺度一般为5-20μm)；亚波长微结构30的沟槽深度位0.1-0.2μm的范围内。
对于边壁陡直的微结构形成的颜色调制结构，由于边壁陡直的微结构的上下表面具有垂直的高度差，因此，在入射光的照射下，任两束反射(或透射)光的光程发生变化，出现光程差，导致该两束反射(或透射)光之间发生干涉现象，最终在反射(或透射)方向上获得具有特定颜色的反射(或透射)光。所述边壁陡直的微结构在x方向和/或y方向的特征尺寸范围为0.5-100μm，优选为1-20μm。所述边壁陡直的微结构在z方向的深度范围为0.05-10μm，优选为0.1-3μm。
另外，可在颜色调制结构3的表面涂布保护层(未示出)，以延长光学防伪元件的使用寿命。所述保护层的材质可为环氧树脂、丙烯酸、聚氨酯、聚酰胺或UV固化胶等透明材料。当有保护层时，菲涅尔结构2的折射率应高于保护层的折射率，其差值的优选范围可为0.05-0.3。
所述菲涅尔结构2可以直接被应用在基材1上，且在不增加其他蒸镀、印刷工序的情况下就可以产生手机可识别的防伪特征。该防伪特征易于向公众解释，且投影图案易于被普通观察者所观察。另外，需要说明的是，本发明各个实施例提供的光学防伪元件在可见光波段的平均透光率可超过30％。
综上所述，本发明创造性地在基材上形成具有预设横向尺寸的多 个菲涅尔结构，从而可在手机闪光灯等便携光源的照射下，从透射方向再现预设图案，并且从反射方向呈现浮雕效果，从而提高了防伪能力和辨识度，并且鉴别过程简单。
相应地，本发明实施例还提供一种防伪产品，该防伪产品包含所述的光学防伪元件。
其中，所述光学防伪元件可以开窗安全线、开窗贴条或贴标等方式置于上述防伪产品中。所述防伪产品可包括钞票、身份证、银行卡、汇票或有价证券等具有高附加值的产品。
图6是将本发明实施例的光学防伪元件应用于钞票5上的示意图。所述光学防伪元件可以以宽条6的方式粘附或直接加工于钞票的表面上，且宽条6所在区域内存在窗口(称为视窗)7，该窗口7的形状和尺寸任意，例如，圆形、长方形或正方形等各种规则或不规则的形状，以及大于、小于或等于所述宽条6宽度的尺寸均是可行的。该窗口7通过将钞票5的局部去除获得，透过窗口7可观察宽条6的透射防伪特征。对于采用透明基材的钞票5，窗口7也可以是钞票5中的基材的一部分。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是，本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。
另外需要说明的是，在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为 了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。
此外，本发明的各种不同的实施方式之间也可以进行任意组合，只要其不违背本发明的思想，其同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种光学防伪元件，其特征在于，该光学防伪元件包括：
    基材；以及
    形成于所述基材上的具有预设横向尺寸的多个菲涅尔结构，该多个菲涅尔结构用于在预设光源的照射下，在透射方向上形成预设的图文信息，并且在反射方向上呈现具有浮雕效果的所述预设的图文信息。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，在所述多个菲涅尔结构中的至少两个菲涅尔结构存在相互重叠的区域情况下，等概率地选取所述至少两个菲涅尔结构中的每一者在所述相互重叠的区域内的反射小面为该相互重叠的区域内的反射小面。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述预设横向尺寸范围为5-50μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述菲涅尔结构沿预设方向的高度分布符合椭圆方程。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述菲涅尔结构的高度小于10μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述菲 涅尔结构的焦距范围为5-50cm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述菲涅尔结构为从球透镜或柱透镜中截取的结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述预设光源的发散角小于45°。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述预设光源为直射太阳光、闪光灯或射灯。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，该光学防伪元件还包括：
    形成于所述菲涅尔结构上的颜色调制结构，用于调制该菲涅尔结构所反射或透射的光线的颜色，以使所述预设的图文信息呈现预设颜色。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的光学防伪元件，其特征在于，所述颜色调制结构包括：
    亚波长微结构与形成于该亚波长微结构上的反射增强层；或者
    边壁陡直的微结构。
  12. 一种防伪产品，其特征在于，该防伪产品包含根据权利要求1-11中任一项权利要求所述的光学防伪元件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的防伪产品，其特征在于，所述防伪产品包括钞票、身份证、银行卡或汇票。
PCT/CN2020/116770 2019-09-30 2020-09-22 光学防伪元件及防伪产品 WO2021063213A1 (zh)

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