WO2021056853A1 - 定子、电机及车辆 - Google Patents

定子、电机及车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021056853A1
WO2021056853A1 PCT/CN2019/125546 CN2019125546W WO2021056853A1 WO 2021056853 A1 WO2021056853 A1 WO 2021056853A1 CN 2019125546 W CN2019125546 W CN 2019125546W WO 2021056853 A1 WO2021056853 A1 WO 2021056853A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lead wire
stator
coil
wire
terminal insertion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/125546
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈汉锡
虞阳波
郑军洪
孙国伟
Original Assignee
安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201921602289.9U external-priority patent/CN210246415U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910909550.8A external-priority patent/CN112564326A/zh
Application filed by 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司 filed Critical 安徽威灵汽车部件有限公司
Publication of WO2021056853A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021056853A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of motor technology, and in particular to a stator, a motor including the stator, and a vehicle including the motor.
  • a bridge wire is generally set between the two coils, and a structure for fixing the bridge wire is set on the insulating end plate of the stator.
  • the bridge wire is fixed on the structure first, and then The two ends of the bridge wire are respectively connected with the outlet wires of the two coils, the winding operation is complicated, the efficiency is low, and there are too many connection points, and the connection reliability between the coils is low.
  • an object of the present application is to provide a stator.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a motor including the above-mentioned stator.
  • Another object of the present application is to provide a vehicle including the above-mentioned electric machine.
  • the technical solution of the first aspect of the present application provides a stator, including: a stator core, the stator core is provided with a plurality of stator teeth, the plurality of stator teeth are spaced along the circumferential direction of the stator core
  • the first coil is wound on one of the stator teeth, the first coil includes a first lead wire and a second lead wire; the second coil is wound on the other stator tooth, the The second coil includes a third lead wire and a fourth lead wire; wherein, the second lead wire extends to the third lead wire, and is connected to the third lead wire through a connecting portion, so that the first lead wire
  • the coil is connected in series with the second coil.
  • the second lead wire of the first coil is extended to extend to the third lead wire of the second coil, and then the second lead wire of the first coil is drawn through the connecting part.
  • the wire is connected with the third lead wire of the second coil to realize the serial connection of the first coil and the second coil, and the second lead wire of the first coil acts as a bridge line between the first coil and the second coil Therefore, the additional bridge line in the prior art is omitted, thereby reducing the connection work between the bridge line and the first coil, improving the production efficiency, and reducing the number of connection points, which is beneficial to improve the number of connections between the coils.
  • the connection reliability is provided by the technical solution of the first aspect of the application.
  • stator in the above technical solution provided by this application may also have the following additional technical features:
  • the stator core is provided with an insulating structure
  • the connecting portion includes a terminal insertion groove provided on the insulating structure and a crimping terminal installed in the terminal insertion groove, and the second The end of the lead wire and the end of the third lead wire are at least partially crimped in the terminal insertion groove by the crimping terminal and electrically connected.
  • the connecting part includes a terminal insertion slot and a crimping terminal.
  • the terminal insertion slot is provided on the insulating structure of the stator core to accommodate and limit the second lead wire and the third lead wire.
  • the crimping terminal connects the second lead wire At least a part of the end and at least a part of the end of the third lead wire are press-fitted in the terminal insertion slot to ensure the stability of the position, and at the same time realize the electrical connection between the second lead wire and the third lead wire, thereby realizing the first coil Connected in series with the second coil.
  • the crimping terminal is a piercing terminal.
  • the crimping terminal adopts a piercing type terminal.
  • the insulating coating on the surface of the second lead wire and the third lead wire can be pierced to realize the second lead wire.
  • Electrical connection of the lead wire and the third lead wire This connection method simultaneously installs the conductive part of the connection into the terminal insertion slot while forming an electrical connection, which is quick to connect and effectively insulates.
  • the terminal insertion slot is provided with a slot for the end of the second lead wire and/or the end of the third lead wire to extend;
  • the second coil has a vertical surface, so
  • the mid-vertical plane passes through the central axis of the stator core, and the included angle ⁇ between the normal of the plane where the slot is located and the mid-vertical plane is in the range of 60° to 120°.
  • the stator of the motor needs to be installed in a metal casing to be used, and the stator is matched with the casing through the outer side wall. It is necessary to avoid the end of the second lead wire and the third lead wire from being too close to the casing to prevent The distance between the metal casing and the outer side wall of the stator is too small, resulting in insufficient insulation distance. At the same time, it is also necessary to avoid insufficient insulation distance between the ends of the second and third lead wires and the coil. In addition, since the ends of the second lead wire and the third lead wire can be extended through the slot of the terminal insertion slot, the ends of the second lead wire and the third lead wire, the casing and the coil can be controlled by controlling the direction of the slot. The insulation safety distance.
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the normal of the plane where the terminal is inserted into the slot and the vertical plane of the second coil (the vertical plane passing through the central axis of the stator core) is set to meet the following conditions :60° ⁇ 120°, such as 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, etc., which can effectively ensure the end of the second lead wire and the third lead wire and the casing, There is a better insulation safety distance between the coils.
  • notches can also be arranged outward along the radial direction of the stator core.
  • an insulating member is provided in the terminal insertion slot, and the insulating member covers the crimping terminal, the end of the second lead wire, and the end of the third lead wire.
  • the stator may be exposed to a certain conductive medium. Since the crimping terminal, the end of the second lead wire, and the end of the third lead wire in the terminal insertion groove are all conductive parts, an insulating member is arranged in the terminal insertion groove, and the insulating member covers the crimping sheet and the second lead wire. The end of the lead wire and the end of the third lead wire can prevent the safety hazard of leakage.
  • the insulating member is an insulating sealant, and the insulating sealant is filled in the terminal insertion groove.
  • the insulating part adopts insulating sealant, which can fill the gaps in all corners of the terminal insertion groove, play a reliable insulating and sealing role for the structure of the terminal insertion groove, and the operation mode is relatively simple, and a relatively regular structure can be formed.
  • the number of the terminal insertion slots is equal to the number of the stator teeth, and a plurality of the terminal insertion slots are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the stator core.
  • the number of coils is generally equal to the number of stator teeth, so the number of terminal insertion slots is equal to the number of stator teeth and the terminal insertion slots are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the stator core. It can ensure that the lead wire of the coil on each stator tooth can be pressed into the terminal insertion slot for fixing. In this way, the coils on any two teeth can be fixed in series, so that the circuit connection of the stator is more free and flexible, and the redundant terminal insertion slot can be left unused. At the same time, this solution also makes the structure of the stator insulation assembly more regular, which is convenient for processing and forming.
  • the stator includes windings of several phases, the windings of each phase include a plurality of coils connected in series, and any two directly connected coils are the first coil and the The second coil.
  • the stator includes several phase windings, and each phase winding includes a plurality of coils connected in series, that is, the in-phase windings are connected in series, and finally two terminals are formed.
  • Any two directly connected coils are respectively the first coil and the second coil, that is to say, any two directly connected coils in each phase winding adopt the serial connection method of the first coil and the second coil in the aforementioned technical solution. Therefore, the production efficiency of the stator winding is effectively improved, the production cost is reduced, and the connection reliability of the winding is improved.
  • the first lead wire and the fourth lead wire form two terminals of the phase winding.
  • the coils in these parts are directly connected to one of the two directly connected coils as the first coil.
  • it When it is directly connected to the other of the two directly connected coils, it serves as the second coil, thereby ensuring that the in-phase winding finally has two terminals.
  • the outer side of the second lead wire is wrapped with an insulating layer.
  • the outer side of the second lead wire is wrapped with an insulating layer, which can effectively ensure the reliable insulation between the bridge wires of different phases and the coil, and there is no need to provide a structure on the end of the stator to ensure that the bridge wires of different phases have sufficient insulation gap, so the stator end It is also relatively small, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the motor.
  • the insulating layer can be insulating tape or insulating tape pasted on the second lead wire, or an insulating coating coated or sprayed on the second lead wire, or it can be sheathed on the second lead wire.
  • the insulating sleeve can be inserted from the end of the second lead wire during assembly, so that the second lead wire is covered with an insulating sleeve after the assembly is completed, which can ensure sufficient insulation of the bridge wires and coils of different phases , High reliability.
  • the electromagnetic wire of the first coil is a copper electromagnetic wire; and/or, the electromagnetic wire of the second coil is a copper electromagnetic wire.
  • the electromagnetic wire of the first coil and/or the second coil adopts copper electromagnetic wire, which has good conductivity, is easy to deform, is convenient for winding operations, and has low cost.
  • copper magnet wires the use of pierced terminals, compared to common soldering and other connection methods, is conducive to reducing the size of the stator, which in turn is conducive to the miniaturization of the motor.
  • the first lead wire, the second lead wire, the third lead wire, and the fourth lead wire are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core.
  • the first lead wire, the second lead wire, the third lead wire, and the fourth lead wire are distributed in sequence along the circumferential direction of the stator core, so the second lead wire and the third lead wire are the closest to the first coil and the second coil
  • the two lead wires are beneficial to shorten the length of the second lead wire and also help reduce the difficulty of winding operation.
  • the second lead wire and the main body part of the first coil are formed by a single electromagnetic wire.
  • the second lead wire and the main part of the first coil are formed by a single electromagnetic wire, that is: the second lead wire continuously extends to the third lead wire, so the second lead wire acts as a gap between the first coil and the second coil
  • the bridge wire realizes the series connection of the first coil and the second coil, and eliminates the connection between the first coil and the bridge wire, and also eliminates the crimping terminal between the first coil and the bridge wire , which not only helps to improve assembly efficiency, but also helps to reduce production costs.
  • the second lead wire and the main part of the first coil can also be formed by two electromagnetic wires. First, the second lead wire and the main part of the first coil are connected together by welding or bonding or other methods, and then Then the second lead wire is extended to the third lead wire, and is electrically connected to the third lead wire through the connecting portion.
  • insulators are provided on both axial ends of the stator core, and insulators are provided on the stator teeth.
  • Insulators are arranged on both axial ends of the stator core, and insulators are arranged on the stator teeth, which effectively guarantees the reliable insulation between the stator coil and other structures.
  • the two parts of the insulator form an insulating assembly, and the insulator can be formed separately and assembled on the stator core, or it can be formed into an integral structure with the stator core by injection molding.
  • the aforementioned terminal insertion slot is provided in the insulating member on the axial end surface of the stator core.
  • the stator core has an intermediate hole penetrating along its axial direction, and a plurality of the stator teeth are provided on the hole wall of the intermediate hole.
  • the rotor When a plurality of stator teeth are arranged on the hole wall of the middle hole of the stator core, the rotor is assembled on the radial inner side of the stator core, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of the motor and realize the miniaturization of the motor.
  • the stator is a concentrated winding stator.
  • the motor is a concentrated winding motor.
  • the in-phase coils of the concentrated winding motor will be evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator.
  • the parallel connection method is adopted, it is necessary to manually identify the ends of the coils before connecting them, which is very easy to cause errors. , Resulting in poor products, so the use of the wiring method of the present application to achieve series connection is beneficial to significantly reduce the wiring difficulty of the concentrated winding motor, thereby improving the production efficiency of the concentrated winding motor and reducing its production cost.
  • the volume and weight of the concentrated winding motor are smaller, which is especially suitable for products that pursue lightweight design such as automobiles, thereby reducing the cost and power consumption of these products.
  • the technical solution of the second aspect provides a motor, including: the stator according to any one of the technical solutions of the first aspect; and a rotor that cooperates with the stator.
  • the motor provided by the technical solution of the second aspect of the present application includes the stator described in any one of the technical solutions of the first aspect, it has all the beneficial effects of any of the above technical solutions, and will not be repeated here.
  • the technical solution of the third aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, including: a vehicle body; and the motor as described in the technical solution of the second aspect, installed in the vehicle body.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a stator according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the stator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the stator connection according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a partial structural diagram of the stator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a partial structural diagram of the stator according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • stator core 11 stator teeth, 2 first coil, 21 first lead wire, 22 second lead wire, 3 second coil, 31 third lead wire, 32 fourth lead wire, 33 vertical plane, 4 connection part , 41 terminal insertion slot, 411 notch, 412 normal, 42 crimping terminal, 6 insulating sleeve, 7 insulating component, 8 insulating sealant;
  • the arrow in FIG. 1 indicates the insertion direction of the crimping terminal.
  • stator the stator, the motor, and the vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
  • a stator includes a stator core 1, a first coil 2 and a second coil 3, as shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
  • the stator core 1 is provided with a plurality of stator teeth 11, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the plurality of stator teeth 11 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the stator core 1.
  • the first coil 2 is wound on one of the stator teeth 11.
  • the first coil 2 includes a first lead wire 21 and a second lead wire 22.
  • the second coil 3 is wound on another stator tooth 11.
  • the second coil 3 includes a third lead wire 31 and a fourth lead wire 32.
  • the second lead wire 22 extends to the third lead wire 31, and is connected to the third lead wire 31 through the connecting portion 4, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 are connected in series ,As shown in Figure 3.
  • the second lead wire 22 of the first coil 2 is extended to extend to the third lead wire 31 of the second coil 3, and then the first lead wire 31 is connected through the connecting portion 4.
  • the second lead wire 22 of the coil 2 is connected with the third lead wire 31 of the second coil 3 to realize the serial connection of the first coil 2 and the second coil 3, and the second lead wire 22 of the first coil 2 acts as The bridge line between the first coil 2 and the second coil 3, thus eliminating the need for additional bridge lines in the prior art, thereby reducing the connection between the bridge line and the first coil 2, and improving manufacturing It is efficient and reduces the number of connection points, which is beneficial to improve the reliability of the connection between the coils.
  • each lead wire refers to the part drawn from the two ends of the coil. This part is not wound on the stator teeth 11, but is used to connect to other structures.
  • the second lead wire 22 and the main body of the first coil 2 are formed by a single electromagnetic wire.
  • the second lead wire 22 and the main part of the first coil 2 are formed by a single electromagnetic wire, that is, the second lead wire 22 continuously extends to the third lead wire 31, so the second lead wire 22 serves as the first coil 2
  • the bridge line between the first coil 2 and the second coil realizes the series connection of the first coil 2 and the second coil, and eliminates the connection work between the first coil 2 and the bridge line, and also eliminates the need for the first coil 2 and the bridge line.
  • the crimping terminals between the bridge wires not only help improve assembly efficiency, but also help reduce production costs.
  • the second lead 22 and the main body of the first coil 2 can also be formed by two magnet wires. First, the second lead 22 and the main part of the first coil 2 are connected by welding or bonding or other methods. Together, the second lead wire 22 is then extended to the third lead wire 31 and is electrically connected to the third lead wire 31 through the connecting portion 4.
  • the stator core 1 is provided with an insulation structure
  • the connecting portion 4 includes a terminal insertion groove 41 provided on the insulation structure and a crimping terminal 42 installed in the terminal insertion groove 41, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the end of the second lead wire 22 and the end of the third lead wire 31 are at least partially crimped in the terminal insertion groove 41 by the crimping terminal 42 and electrically connected, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the connecting portion 4 includes a terminal insertion groove 41 and a crimping terminal 42.
  • the terminal insertion groove 41 is provided on the insulating structure of the stator core 1 to accommodate and limit the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31.
  • the terminal 42 presses at least a part of the end of the second lead wire 22 and at least a part of the end of the third lead wire 31 into the terminal insertion groove 41 to ensure the stability of its position and realize the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire at the same time.
  • the electrical connection of the lead wire 31 further realizes the serial connection of the first coil 2 and the second coil 3.
  • the insulating structure is provided on the axial end surface of the stator core 1, so that the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 can be connected easily, and the terminal insertion slot 41 can be processed by the insulating structure of the stator itself, which is convenient for processing and shaping. It is also convenient to assemble the crimp terminal 42.
  • the crimping terminal 42 is a piercing terminal.
  • the crimping terminal 42 adopts a piercing terminal.
  • the crimping terminal 42 is pressed against the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31, the insulating coating on the surface of the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 can be pierced. Film, thereby realizing the electrical connection of the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31.
  • the conductive part of the connection is installed in the terminal insertion groove 41 simultaneously, and the connection is fast and can be effectively insulated.
  • the terminal insertion groove 41 is provided with a notch 411 for extending the end of the second lead wire 22 and/or the end of the third lead wire 31, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the second coil 3 has a vertical plane, which passes through the central axis of the stator core 1, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the included angle ⁇ between the normal 412 of the plane where the notch 411 is located and the vertical plane 33 is in the range of 60° to 120°.
  • the stator of the motor needs to be installed in a metal casing before it can be used, and the stator is matched with the casing through the outer side wall. It is necessary to prevent the ends of the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 from being too close to the casing. In order to prevent the distance between the metal casing and the outer side wall of the stator from being too small to cause insufficient insulation distance, it is also necessary to avoid insufficient insulation distance between the ends of the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 and the coil.
  • the ends of the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 can be extended through the slot 411 of the terminal insertion slot 41, the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 can be controlled by controlling the direction of the slot 411 The insulation safety distance between the end and the casing and coil.
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the normal 412 of the plane where the notch 411 of the terminal is inserted into the slot 41 and the vertical plane of the second coil 3 (the vertical plane passing through the central axis of the stator core 1) is set In order to meet the following conditions: 60° ⁇ 120°, such as 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, etc., the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 can be effectively guaranteed There is a better insulation safety distance between the end and the casing and the coil.
  • the notches 411 can also be arranged outwards along the radial direction of the stator core 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the included angle ⁇ is not limited to the above range.
  • an insulating member is provided in the terminal insertion groove 41, and the insulating member covers the crimping terminal 42, the end of the second lead wire 22, and the end of the third lead wire 31.
  • the stator may be exposed to a certain conductive medium. Since the crimping terminal 42, the end of the second lead wire 22, and the end of the third lead wire 31 in the terminal insertion groove 41 are all conductive components, an insulating member is provided in the terminal insertion groove 41, and the insulating member cover is crimped The monad, the end of the second lead wire 22 and the end of the third lead wire 31 can prevent potential safety hazards of electric leakage.
  • the insulating member is an insulating sealant 8, and the insulating sealant 8 is filled in the terminal insertion groove 41, as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the insulating sealant 8 is used for the insulating member, which can fill the gaps in the corners of the terminal insertion groove 41, play a reliable insulating and sealing role for the structure in the terminal insertion groove 41, and the operation mode is relatively simple, and a relatively regular structure can be formed.
  • the insulating parts can also take other forms, such as silicone parts, wooden insulating parts, and so on.
  • the outer side of the second lead wire 22 is wrapped with an insulating layer.
  • the outer side of the second lead wire 22 is wrapped with an insulating layer, which can effectively ensure the reliable insulation between the bridge wires of different phases and the coil; and there is no need to provide a structure on the stator end to ensure that the bridge wires of different phases have sufficient insulation gaps, so the stator
  • the part is also relatively small, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the motor.
  • the insulating layer can be insulating tape or insulating tape pasted on the second lead wire 22, or an insulating coating coated or sprayed on the second lead wire 22, or it can be set on the second lead wire 22.
  • the insulating sleeve 6 on the wire 22 and the insulating sleeve 6 are sleeved on the second lead wire 22, as shown in Figs. 1 to 4.
  • the insulating sleeve 6 can be inserted from the end of the second lead wire 22, so that after the assembly is completed, the second lead wire 22 is covered with an insulating sleeve 6, which can ensure sufficient insulation between the bridge wires and the coils of different phases. High reliability.
  • the electromagnetic wire of the first coil 2 is a copper electromagnetic wire
  • the electromagnetic wire of the second coil 3 is a copper electromagnetic wire
  • the electromagnetic wires of the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 are copper electromagnetic wires, which have good electrical conductivity, are easy to deform, are convenient for winding operations, and have low cost.
  • the electromagnetic wires of the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 are not limited to copper electromagnetic wires, and may also be aluminum electromagnetic wires, silver electromagnetic wires, and the like.
  • first lead wire 21, the second lead wire 22, the third lead wire 31, and the fourth lead wire 32 are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core 1, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the first lead wire 21, the second lead wire 22, the third lead wire 31, and the fourth lead wire 32 are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core 1. Therefore, the second lead wire 22 and the third lead wire 31 are the first coil 2 and The two exit wires closest to the second coil 3 are therefore beneficial to shorten the length of the second lead wire 22 and also help reduce the difficulty of the winding operation.
  • stator includes several phase windings, and each phase winding includes a plurality of coils connected in series, as shown in FIG. 3. Any two directly connected coils are the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 respectively, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the stator includes several phase windings, and each phase winding includes a plurality of coils connected in series, that is, the in-phase windings are connected in series, and finally two terminals are formed. Any two directly connected coils are the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 respectively. That is to say, any two directly connected coils in each phase winding adopt the combination of the first coil 2 and the second coil 3 in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the series connection method effectively improves the production efficiency of the stator winding, reduces the production cost, and improves the connection reliability of the in-phase winding.
  • the first lead wire 21 and the fourth lead wire 32 form two terminals of the winding.
  • the coils in these parts are directly connected to one of the two directly connected coils as the first coil 2 .
  • the second lead wire 22 can continuously extend across several stator teeth 11 to the third lead wire 31, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the number of terminal insertion slots 41 is equal to the number of stator teeth 11, and a plurality of terminal insertion slots 41 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the stator core 1.
  • the number of coils is generally equal to the number of stator teeth 11.
  • the number of terminal insertion slots 41 and the number of stator teeth 11 remain equal, and the terminal insertion slots 41 are along the stator core.
  • the circumferential spacing of 1 can ensure that the lead wire of the coil on each stator tooth 11 can be pressed into the terminal insertion slot 41 for fixing. In this way, the coils on any two teeth can be fixed in series, so that the circuit connection of the stator is more free and flexible, and the redundant terminal insertion slot 41 can be left unused.
  • this solution also makes the structure of the stator insulation assembly more regular, which is convenient for processing and forming.
  • the number of stator teeth 11 and the number of terminal insertion slots 41 are both 12, and they are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the stator core 1, of which 9 terminal insertion slots 41 are connected to crimping terminals. 42 is combined to form the connecting portion 4, and the remaining three terminal insertion slots 41 are empty.
  • the stator includes three-phase windings, and each phase winding has 2 wire ends (or 2 terminals) after being connected in series. There are 6 wire ends for connecting with structures other than the stator to form the circuit structure of the motor.
  • insulators are provided on both axial ends of the stator core 1, and insulators are provided on the stator teeth 11, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Insulators are arranged on both axial ends of the stator core 1 and insulators are arranged on the stator teeth 11 to effectively ensure reliable insulation between the stator coil and other structures.
  • the two parts of the insulator form the insulation assembly 7.
  • the insulator can be separately molded and assembled on the stator core 1, or it can be formed into an integrated structure with the stator core 1 by injection molding. Further, the aforementioned terminal insertion slot 41 is provided in the insulating member on the axial end surface of the stator core 1.
  • the stator core 1 has a middle hole penetrating along its axial direction, and a plurality of stator teeth 11 are provided on the wall of the middle hole, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a plurality of stator teeth 11 are arranged on the hole wall of the middle hole of the stator core 1, and the rotor is assembled on the radial inner side of the stator core 1, which is beneficial to reduce the volume of the motor and realize the miniaturization of the motor.
  • stator is a concentrated winding stator.
  • the motor is a concentrated winding motor.
  • the in-phase coils of the concentrated winding motor will be evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator.
  • the parallel connection method it is necessary to manually identify the wire ends of each coil before connecting it, which is very easy to cause errors. , Resulting in poor products, so the use of the wiring method of the present application to achieve series connection is beneficial to significantly reduce the wiring difficulty of the concentrated winding motor, thereby improving the production efficiency of the concentrated winding motor and reducing its production cost.
  • the volume and weight of the concentrated winding motor are smaller, which is especially suitable for products that pursue lightweight design such as automobiles, thereby reducing the cost and power consumption of these products.
  • stator can also be a distributed winding stator.
  • a motor includes: the stator and the rotor as in any one of the embodiments of the first aspect. Among them, the rotor is matched with the stator.
  • the motor provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the present application includes the stator of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect, it has all the beneficial effects of any of the above-mentioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
  • the rotor is sleeved inside the stator and can rotate relative to the stator.
  • a vehicle includes a vehicle body and a motor as in the embodiment of the second aspect, which is installed in the vehicle body.
  • stator coils In motor products, the stator coils need to be properly connected to form windings of each phase before they can operate normally. There are usually two ways of connecting in-phase coils in parallel and in series. Normally, the in-phase coils of a concentrated winding motor are evenly distributed on the circumference of the stator. If the parallel connection is used, it is necessary to manually identify the wire ends of each coil before connecting, which is very easy to produce errors and lead to product failure. Therefore, most manufacturers will choose to connect in-phase coils in series.
  • the coils of the concentrated winding stator are usually connected in series with uninterrupted wires.
  • the wire connecting the two coils is called a bridge wire.
  • the specific implementation method is to provide a fixed bridge wire on the insulating end plate. Structure, and then fix the bridge line on the structure.
  • the present application provides a motor whose stator has the advantages of small end volume, high production efficiency and high reliability of bridge wire connection.
  • a rotating electric machine is composed of a stator and a rotor.
  • the stator has a stator core 1, an insulating assembly 7 and a coil.
  • the stator core 1 has an intermediate hole penetrating in its axial direction and is provided with a plurality of There are two stator teeth 11 spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the middle hole, and a stator slot is defined between two adjacent stator teeth 11.
  • the insulation assembly 7 is arranged on the two ends of the stator core 1.
  • a plurality of the coils are wound on the stator teeth 11 on which the insulation assembly 7 is installed, and each of the coils has two outgoing wires (ie, outgoing wires), a first outgoing wire and a second outgoing wire, respectively.
  • the first outgoing wire of the coil A (that is, the second outgoing wire 22 of the first coil 2) is arranged continuously across a plurality of stator teeth 11, and is finally connected to the second outgoing wire of the coil B of another in-phase winding ( That is, the third lead wire 31) of the second coil 3 is connected by the connecting portion 4.
  • the connecting portion 4 is composed of a terminal insertion slot 41 provided on the insulating assembly 7 and a pierced terminal installed in the terminal slot.
  • the first outlet end of the coil A is connected to the end of the coil B.
  • the end of the second outlet wire is piercedly connected by the pierced terminal.
  • the first outlet wire of the coil A passes through the insulating sleeve 6.
  • This application uses the first outgoing wire of the coil A as the bridge wire, which reduces the connection work between the bridge wire and the coil A, and improves the production efficiency.
  • the insulating sleeve 6 can be inserted from the end of the first outgoing wire of the coil A, sufficient insulation between the different-phase bridge wires and the coil is ensured, and the reliability is high.
  • the end of the stator is relatively small.
  • this application puts the end of the first outgoing wire of the coil A and the second outgoing wire of the other in-phase coil B into the terminal insertion slot 41, and inserts the pierced terminal To the terminal insertion groove 41.
  • the pierced terminal pierces the paint film on the surface of the coil magnet wire to achieve electrical connection.
  • the conductive part of the connection is simultaneously installed in the terminal insertion slot 41, which is quick to connect and can effectively insulate.
  • Fig. 2 shows a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a specific example of the stator and its bridge wire. After the above-mentioned operation process, the stator and the bridge wire are obtained.
  • Fig. 3 shows a specific example of the expanded schematic diagram of the stator bridge wire connection structure. From this figure, it is easy to understand the connection structure of the bridge wire of the present application, that is, the first outgoing wire of the coil A is arranged continuously across a plurality of stator teeth 11, and is finally connected to the coil of another in-phase winding.
  • the second outgoing line of B is connected through the connecting portion 4, and an insulating sleeve 6 is passed through the first outgoing line.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of the stator bridge wire connection part 4 of another specific example.
  • the stator of the motor needs to be installed in a metal casing before it can be used, and the stator is matched with the casing through the outer diameter. It is necessary to avoid the ends of the first and second outlet wires being too close to the casing. In order to avoid the distance between the outer diameter of the stator and the outer diameter of the stator is too small, resulting in insufficient insulation distance. Of course, it is also necessary to avoid insufficient insulation distance from the coil. Since the ends of the first outlet and the second outlet are fixed on the opening of the terminal insertion slot 41 (ie the notch 411), the first outlet and the second outlet can be controlled by controlling the direction of the opening. The insulation safety distance between the end of the outgoing wire and the casing and coil.
  • the centerline of the terminal inserted into the opening of the slot 41 that is, the normal line perpendicular to the plane of the slot 411 and passing through the center of the slot 411) and the symmetric centerline of the coil B (that is, passing through the winding of the second coil 3)
  • the angle ⁇ formed between the center and the vertical plane of the center axis of the stator core 1 and perpendicular to the center axis of the stator core 1) is set to meet the following conditions: 60° ⁇ 120° to ensure the There is a relatively good insulation safety distance between the ends of the first and second outlet wires, the casing and the coil.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of a specific example of the stator bridge wire connection part 4.
  • the stator is exposed to some kind of conductive medium. Since in the connecting portion 4, the pierced terminal and the ends of the first outlet wire and the second outlet wire that are electrically connected to the pierced paint film are all conductive components, when used in the above-mentioned environment
  • the terminal insertion groove 41 is filled with an insulating sealant 8 that completely covers the pierced terminal and the end of the outlet wire, which can prevent potential safety hazards of electric leakage.
  • the second outlet of the first coil is extended to extend to the third outlet of the second coil, and then the second outlet of the first coil is connected through the connecting part.
  • the outgoing wire is connected with the third outgoing wire of the second coil to realize the serial connection of the first coil and the second coil, and the second outgoing wire of the first coil acts as a bridge line between the first coil and the second coil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)

Abstract

一种定子、电机及车辆，定子包括：定子铁心（1），定子铁心（1）设有多个定子齿（11），多个定子齿（11）沿定子铁心（1）的周向间隔设置；第一线圈（2），绕设在其中一个定子齿（11）上，第一线圈（2）包括第一引出线（21）和第二引出线（22）；第二线圈（3），绕设在另一个定子齿（11）上，第二线圈（3）包括第三引出线（31）和第四引出线（32）；其中，第二引出线（22）延伸至第三引出线（31）处，并与第三引出线（31）通过连接部（4）相连，使第一线圈（2）与第二线圈（3）串联相连。通过将第一线圈（2）的第二引出线（22）延长，利用第一线圈（2）的第二引出线（22）充当了第一线圈（2）与第二线圈（3）之间的过桥线，因而省去了现有技术中额外设置的过桥线，从而减少了过桥线与第一线圈（2）的连接作业，提高了生产制造效率，并减少了连接点的数量，有利于提高线圈之间的连接可靠性。

Description

定子、电机及车辆
本申请要求于2019年9月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为201910909550.8、申请名称为“定子、电机及车辆”、于2019年9月25日提交中国专利局、申请号为201921602289.9、申请名称为“定子、电机及车辆”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种定子、包含该定子的电机及包含该电机的车辆。
背景技术
目前，电机定子的两个线圈串联时，一般在两个线圈之间设置过桥线，在定子的绝缘端板上设置固定过桥线的结构，先将过桥线固定在该结构上，然后过桥线的两端分别与两个线圈的出线进行连接，绕线作业复杂，效率低，且连接点过多，线圈之间的连接可靠性低。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题至少之一，本申请的一个目的在于提供一种定子。
本申请的另一个目的在于提供一种包括上述定子的电机。
本申请的又一个目的在于提供一种包括上述电机的车辆。
为了实现上述目的，本申请第一方面的技术方案提供了一种定子，包括：定子铁心，所述定子铁心设有多个定子齿，多个所述定子齿沿所述定子铁心的周向间隔设置；第一线圈，绕设在其中一个所述定子齿上，所述第一线圈包括第一引出线和第二引出线；第二线圈，绕设在另一个所述定子齿上，所述第二线圈包括第三引出线和第四引出线；其中，所述第二引出线延伸至所述第三引出线处，并与所述第三引出线通过连接部相连，使所述第一线圈与所述第二线 圈串联相连。
本申请第一方面的技术方案提供的定子，通过将第一线圈的第二引出线延长，使其延伸至第二线圈的第三引出线处，然后通过连接部将第一线圈的第二引出线与第二线圈的第三引出线连接在一起，实现第一线圈与第二线圈的串联相连，则第一线圈的第二引出线充当了第一线圈与第二线圈之间的过桥线，因而省去了现有技术中额外设置的过桥线，从而减少了过桥线与第一线圈的连接作业，提高了生产制造效率，并减少了连接点的数量，有利于提高线圈之间的连接可靠性。
另外，本申请提供的上述技术方案中的定子还可以具有如下附加技术特征：
在上述技术方案中，所述定子铁心上设有绝缘结构，所述连接部包括设在所述绝缘结构上的端子插入槽和安装在所述端子插入槽中的压接端子，所述第二引出线的末端及所述第三引出线的末端至少部分被所述压接端子压设在所述端子插入槽中并电性连接。
连接部包括端子插入槽和压接端子，端子插入槽设在定子铁心的绝缘结构上，对第二引出线及第三引出线起到容纳和限位作用，压接端子将第二引出线的末端的至少一部分及第三引出线的末端的至少一部分压设在端子插入槽中，保证其位置的稳定性，同时实现第二引出线与第三引出线的电性连接，进而实现第一线圈与第二线圈的串联相连。
在上述技术方案中，所述压接端子为刺破式端子。
压接端子采用刺破式端子，则压接端子压向第二引出线及第三引出线的过程中，能够刺破第二引出线及第三引出线表面的绝缘覆膜，从而实现第二引出线及第三引出线的电气连接。这种连接方式，在形成电气连接的同时，同步将连接处导电的部分安装至端子插入槽中，快速连接并且可有效绝缘。
在上述技术方案中，所述端子插入槽设有供所述第二引出线的末端和/或所述第三引出线的末端伸出的槽口；所述第二线圈具有中垂面，所述中垂面经过所述定子铁心的中心轴线，且所述槽口所在平面的法线与所述中垂面之间的夹角θ在60°至120°的范围内。
通常情况下，电机的定子需要安装在金属机壳中才可使用，并且定子是通 过外侧壁与机壳配合，需要避免第二引出线与第三引出线的末端距离机壳过近，以防止金属机壳与定子外侧壁之间的距离过小而导致绝缘距离不足，同时也需要避免第二引出线与第三引出线的末端与线圈之间的绝缘距离不足。又由于第二引出线与第三引出线的末端能够通过端子插入槽的槽口伸出，因而通过控制槽口的方向即可控制第二引出线与第三引出线的末端与机壳、线圈的绝缘安全距离。通过研究得出，将端子插入槽的槽口所在平面的法线与第二线圈的中垂面(该中垂面经过定子铁芯中心轴线)之间所形成的夹角θ设置为满足以下条件：60°≤θ≤120°，如60°、70°、80°、90°、100°、110°、120°等，能够有效保证第二引出线与第三引出线的末端与机壳、线圈之间有较优的绝缘安全距离。
当然，槽口也可以沿着定子铁心的径向朝外设置。
在上述技术方案中，所述端子插入槽内设有绝缘件，所述绝缘件封盖所述压接端子、所述第二引出线的末端及所述第三引出线的末端。
在一些电机的应用场景中，定子可能会暴露在某种导电介质中。由于在端子插入槽内压接端子、第二引出线的末端及第三引出线的末端均为导电部件，因而在端子插入槽内设置绝缘件，且绝缘件封盖压接单子、第二引出线的末端及第三引出线的末端，能够杜绝漏电的安全隐患。
在上述技术方案中，所述绝缘件为绝缘密封胶，所述绝缘密封胶填充在所述端子插入槽内。
绝缘件采用绝缘密封胶，可以充满端子插入槽的各个角落间隙，对端子插入槽内的结构起到可靠的绝缘密封的作用，且操作方式较为简单，并且能够形成较为规整的结构。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述端子插入槽的数量与所述定子齿的数量相等，多个所述端子插入槽沿所述定子铁心的周向间隔设置。
由于一般情况下各个定子齿上都绕有线圈，因而线圈的数量一般与定子齿的数量相等，则端子插入槽的数量与定子齿的数量保持相等且端子插入槽沿定子铁心的周向间隔设置，可以保证每个定子齿上的线圈的引线均能够被压入端子插入槽中进行固定。这样，可以对任意两个齿上的线圈进行串联固定，使得定子的线路连接更为自由、灵活，而多余的端子插入槽可以空着不用。同时， 该方案也使得定子绝缘组件的结构较为规整，便于加工成型。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述定子包括若干个相的绕组，每个相的所述绕组包括多个依次串联的线圈，任意直接相连的两个所述线圈分别为所述第一线圈及所述第二线圈。
定子包括若干个相的绕组，每个相的绕组包括多个依次串联的线圈，即同相绕组采用串联式接法，最终形成两个接线端。任意直接相连的两个线圈分别为第一线圈和第二线圈，也就是说，每相绕组内任意直接相连的两个线圈均采用前述技术方案中第一线圈与第二线圈的串联接法，从而有效提高了定子绕组的生产制造效率，降低了生产制造成本，并提高了绕组的连接可靠性。
具体地，对于每相绕组的线圈数量为两个的情况，第一引出线和第四引出线形成该相绕组的两个接线端。对于每相绕组的线圈数量大于三个的情况，由于位于中间部位的线圈与两个线圈直接相连，因而这些部位的线圈在与直接相连的两个线圈中的一个直接相连时作为第一线圈，在与直接相连的两个线圈中的另一个直接相连时作为第二线圈，由此保证同相绕组最终具有两个接线端。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述第二引出线的外侧包裹有绝缘层。
第二引出线外侧包裹有绝缘层，可以有效保证不同相的过桥线与线圈可靠绝缘，并且无需在定子端部上设置确保不同相的过桥线具有充足绝缘间隙的结构，因此定子端部也比较小，有利于电机的小型化。具体地，绝缘层可以是粘贴在第二引出线上的绝缘胶纸或绝缘胶布，也可以是涂覆或者喷涂在第二引出线上的绝缘涂层，也可以是套装在第二引出线上的绝缘套管，装配时可以从第二引出线的线头处穿入绝缘套管，使得装配完成后第二引出线上套装有绝缘套管，能够保证不同相的过桥线与线圈的充足绝缘，可靠性高。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述第一线圈的电磁线为铜电磁线；和/或，所述第二线圈的电磁线为铜电磁线。
第一线圈和/或第二线圈的电磁线采用铜电磁线，导电性能好，且易于变形，便于绕线作业，且成本低。此外，对于铜电磁线而言，采用刺破式端子，相较于常见的锡焊等连接方式，有利于减小定子的体积，进而有利于电机的小型化。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述第一引出线、所述第二引出线、所述第三引 出线、所述第四引出线沿所述定子铁心的周向顺次分布。
第一引出线、第二引出线、第三引出线、第四引出线沿定子铁心的周向顺次分布，因而第二引出线及第三引出线是第一线圈与第二线圈之间相距最近的两个出线，故而有利于缩短第二引出线的长度，也有利于降低绕线作业难度。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述第二引出线与所述第一线圈的主体部分由一根电磁线形成。
第二引出线与第一线圈的主体部分由一根电磁线形成，即：第二引出线不断线延伸至第三引出线处，因而第二引出线充当了第一线圈与第二线圈之间的过桥线，实现了第一线圈与第二线圈的串联相连，且省去了第一线圈与过桥线的连接作业，也省去了第一线圈与过桥线之间的压接端子，既有利于提高装配效率，又有利于降低生产成本。当然，第二引出线与第一线圈的主体部分也可以由两根电磁线形成，先将第二引出线与第一线圈的主体部分的线头通过焊接或者绑接或者其他方式连接在一起，然后再将第二引出线延伸至第三引出线处，通过连接部与第三引出线电连接。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述定子铁心的轴向两端面上设有绝缘件，且所述定子齿上设有绝缘件。
在定子铁心的轴向两端面上设置绝缘件，并在定子齿上设置绝缘件，有效保证了定子线圈与其他结构之间的可靠绝缘。其中，两部分绝缘件形成绝缘组件，绝缘件可以单独成型，装配在定子铁心上，也可以采用注塑成型的方式与定子铁心形成一体式结构。进一步地，前述端子插入槽设在定子铁心轴向端面上的绝缘件中。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述定子铁心具有沿其轴向贯通的中间孔，多个所述定子齿设在所述中间孔的孔壁上。
将多个定子齿设在定子铁心的中间孔的孔壁上，则转子装配在定子铁心径向内侧，有利于缩小电机体积，实现电机的小型化。
在上述任一技术方案中，所述定子为集中绕组定子。
定子为集中绕组定子，则电机为集中绕组电机，集中绕组电机的同相线圈会均布在定子圆周上，如果采用并联的方式，需通过人工辨认各个线圈的线头再进行连接操作，极易产生错误，导致产品不良，因此采用本申请的接线方式 实现串联连接，有利于显著降低集中绕组电机的接线难度，进而提高集中绕组电机的生产制造效率，并降低其生产成本。且集中绕组电机的体积及重量更小，特别适用于汽车等追求轻量化设计的产品，进而降低这些产品的成本及功耗。
第二方面的技术方案提供了一种电机，包括：如第一方面技术方案中任一项所述的定子；和转子，与所述定子相配合。
本申请第二方面的技术方案提供的电机，因包括第一方面技术方案中任一项所述的定子，因而具有上述任一技术方案所具有的一切有益效果，在此不再赘述。
本申请第三方面的技术方案提供了一种车辆，包括：车体；和如第二方面的技术方案所述的电机，安装在所述车体中。
本申请第三方面的技术方案提供的车辆，因包括第二方面技术方案所述的电机，因而具有上述任一技术方案所具有的一切有益效果，在此不再赘述。
本申请的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述部分中变得明显，或通过本申请的实践了解到。
附图说明
本申请的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本申请一个实施例所述的定子的分解结构示意图；
图2是本申请一个实施例所述的定子的立体结构示意图；
图3是本申请一个实施例所述的定子接线的原理示意图；
图4是本申请一个实施例所述的定子的局部结构示意图；
图5是本申请一个实施例所述的定子的局部结构示意图。
其中，图1至图5中的附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
1定子铁心，11定子齿，2第一线圈，21第一引出线，22第二引出线，3第二线圈，31第三引出线，32第四引出线，33中垂面，4连接部，41端子插入槽，411槽口，412法线，42压接端子，6绝缘套管，7绝缘组件，8绝缘密封胶；
其中，图1中的箭头示意压接端子的插入方向。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本申请的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本申请进行进一步的详细描述。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本申请，但是，本申请还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本申请的保护范围并不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
下面参照图1至图5描述根据本申请一些实施例所述的定子、电机及车辆。
实施例一
一种定子，包括：定子铁心1、第一线圈2和第二线圈3，如图1至图3所示。
具体地，定子铁心1设有多个定子齿11，如图3所示。多个定子齿11沿定子铁心1的周向间隔设置。
第一线圈2，绕设在其中一个定子齿11上，第一线圈2包括第一引出线21和第二引出线22。
第二线圈3，绕设在另一个定子齿11上，第二线圈3包括第三引出线31和第四引出线32。
其中，第二引出线22延伸至第三引出线31处，并与第三引出线31通过连接部4相连，如图1和图2所示，使第一线圈2与第二线圈3串联相连，如图3所示。
本申请第一方面的实施例提供的定子，通过将第一线圈2的第二引出线22延长，使其延伸至第二线圈3的第三引出线31处，然后通过连接部4将第一线圈2的第二引出线22与第二线圈3的第三引出线31连接在一起，实现第一线圈2与第二线圈3的串联相连，则第一线圈2的第二引出线22充当了第一线圈2与第二线圈3之间的过桥线，因而省去了现有技术中额外设置的过桥线，从而减少了过桥线与第一线圈2的连接作业，提高了生产制造效率，并减少了连接点的数量，有利于提高线圈之间的连接可靠性。
可以理解的是，各引出线指的是线圈的两端引出来的部分，这部分没有绕 设在定子齿11上，而是用于与其他结构相连。
进一步地，第二引出线22与第一线圈2的主体部分由一根电磁线形成。
第二引出线22与第一线圈2的主体部分由一根电磁线形成，即：第二引出线22不断线延伸至第三引出线31处，因而第二引出线22充当了第一线圈2与第二线圈之间的过桥线，实现了第一线圈2与第二线圈的串联相连，且省去了第一线圈2与过桥线的连接作业，也省去了第一线圈2与过桥线之间的压接端子，既有利于提高装配效率，又有利于降低生产成本。
当然，第二引出线22与第一线圈2的主体部分也可以由两根电磁线形成，先将第二引出线22与第一线圈2的主体部分的线头通过焊接或者绑接或者其他方式连接在一起，然后再将第二引出线22延伸至第三引出线31处，通过连接部4与第三引出线31电连接。
具体地，定子铁心1上设有绝缘结构，连接部4包括设在绝缘结构上的端子插入槽41和安装在端子插入槽41中的压接端子42，如图1和图2所示。第二引出线22的末端及第三引出线31的末端至少部分被压接端子42压设在端子插入槽41中并电性连接，如图2至图4所示。
连接部4包括端子插入槽41和压接端子42，端子插入槽41设在定子铁心1的绝缘结构上，对第二引出线22及第三引出线31起到容纳和限位作用，压接端子42将第二引出线22的末端的至少一部分及第三引出线31的末端的至少一部分压设在端子插入槽41中，保证其位置的稳定性，同时实现第二引出线22与第三引出线31的电性连接，进而实现第一线圈2与第二线圈3的串联相连。
其中，绝缘结构设在定子铁心1的轴向端面上，这样便于第二引出线22与第三引出线31连接，且可以利用定子本身的绝缘结构来加工端子插入槽41，既便于加工成型，也便于压接端子42装配。
进一步地，压接端子42为刺破式端子。
压接端子42采用刺破式端子，则压接端子42压向第二引出线22及第三引出线31的过程中，能够刺破第二引出线22及第三引出线31表面的绝缘覆膜，从而实现第二引出线22及第三引出线31的电气连接。这种连接方式，在形成电气连接的同时，同步将连接处导电的部分安装至端子插入槽41中，快 速连接并且可有效绝缘。
实施例二
在实施例一的基础上，端子插入槽41设有供第二引出线22的末端和/或第三引出线31的末端伸出的槽口411，如图4所示。第二线圈3具有中垂面，该中垂面经过定子铁心1的中心轴线，如图4所示。槽口411所在平面的法线412与中垂面33之间的夹角θ在60°至120°的范围内。
通常情况下，电机的定子需要安装在金属机壳中才可使用，并且定子是通过外侧壁与机壳配合，需要避免第二引出线22与第三引出线31的末端距离机壳过近，以防止金属机壳与定子外侧壁之间的距离过小而导致绝缘距离不足，同时也需要避免第二引出线22与第三引出线31的末端与线圈之间的绝缘距离不足。又由于第二引出线22与第三引出线31的末端能够通过端子插入槽41的槽口411伸出，因而通过控制槽口411的方向即可控制第二引出线22与第三引出线31的末端与机壳、线圈的绝缘安全距离。
通过研究得出，将端子插入槽41的槽口411所在平面的法线412与第二线圈3的中垂面(该中垂面经过定子铁心1中心轴线)之间所形成的夹角θ设置为满足以下条件：60°≤θ≤120°，如60°、70°、80°、90°、100°、110°、120°等，能够有效保证第二引出线22与第三引出线31的末端与机壳、线圈之间有较优的绝缘安全距离。
当然，槽口411也可以沿着定子铁心1的径向朝外设置，如图1和图2所示。夹角θ也不局限于上述范围。
实施例三
在实施例一或实施例二的基础上，进一步地，端子插入槽41内设有绝缘件，绝缘件封盖压接端子42、第二引出线22的末端及第三引出线31的末端。
在一些电机的应用场景中，定子可能会暴露在某种导电介质中。由于在端子插入槽41内压接端子42、第二引出线22的末端及第三引出线31的末端均为导电部件，因而在端子插入槽41内设置绝缘件，且绝缘件封盖压接单子、第二引出线22的末端及第三引出线31的末端，能够杜绝漏电的安全隐患。
其中，绝缘件为绝缘密封胶8，绝缘密封胶8填充在端子插入槽41内，如图5所示。
绝缘件采用绝缘密封胶8，可以充满端子插入槽41的各个角落间隙，对端子插入槽41内的结构起到可靠的绝缘密封的作用，且操作方式较为简单，并且能够形成较为规整的结构。
当然，绝缘件也可以采用其他形式，比如硅胶件、木质绝缘件等。
实施例四
在上述任一实施例的基础上，进一步地，第二引出线22的外侧包裹有绝缘层。
第二引出线22外侧包裹有绝缘层，可以有效保证不同相的过桥线与线圈可靠绝缘；并且无需在定子端部上设置确保不同相的过桥线具有充足绝缘间隙的结构，因此定子端部也比较小，有利于电机的小型化。
具体地，绝缘层可以是粘贴在第二引出线22上的绝缘胶纸或绝缘胶布，也可以是涂覆或者喷涂在第二引出线22上的绝缘涂层，也可以是套装在第二引出线22上的绝缘套管6，绝缘套管6套装在第二引出线22上，如图1至图4所示。
装配时可以从第二引出线22的线头处穿入绝缘套管6，使得装配完成后第二引出线22上套装有绝缘套管6，能够保证不同相的过桥线与线圈的充足绝缘，可靠性高。
具体地，第一线圈2的电磁线为铜电磁线，第二线圈3的电磁线为铜电磁线。
第一线圈2及第二线圈3的电磁线采用铜电磁线，导电性能好，且易于变形，便于绕线作业，且成本低。
此外，对于铜电磁线而言，采用刺破式端子，相较于常见的锡焊等连接方式，有利于减小定子的体积，进而有利于电机的小型化。
当然，第一线圈2及第二线圈3的电磁线不局限于铜电磁线，也可以为铝电磁线、银电磁线等。
进一步地，第一引出线21、第二引出线22、第三引出线31、第四引出线32沿定子铁心1的周向顺次分布，如图3所示。
第一引出线21、第二引出线22、第三引出线31、第四引出线32沿定子铁心1的周向顺次分布，因而第二引出线22及第三引出线31是第一线圈2 与第二线圈3之间相距最近的两个出线，故而有利于缩短第二引出线22的长度，也有利于降低绕线作业难度。
进一步地，定子包括若干个相的绕组，每个相的绕组包括多个依次串联的线圈，如图3所示。任意直接相连的两个线圈分别为第一线圈2及第二线圈3，如图3所示。
定子包括若干个相的绕组，每个相的绕组包括多个依次串联的线圈，即同相绕组采用串联式接法，最终形成两个接线端。任意直接相连的两个线圈分别为第一线圈2和第二线圈3，也就是说，每相绕组内任意直接相连的两个线圈均采用前述实施例中第一线圈2与第二线圈3的串联接法，从而有效提高了定子绕组的生产制造效率，降低了生产制造成本，并提高了同相绕组的连接可靠性。
具体地，对于每相绕组的线圈数量为两个的情况，第一引出线21和第四引出线32形成该绕组的两个接线端。对于每相绕组的线圈数量大于三个的情况，由于位于中间部位的线圈与两个线圈直接相连，因而这些部位的线圈在与直接相连的两个线圈中的一个直接相连时作为第一线圈2，在与直接相连的两个线圈中的另一个直接相连时作为第二线圈3，由此保证同相绕组最终具有两个接线端。并且，根据线圈的位置，第二引出线22可以不断线跨过若干个定子齿11延伸至第三引出线31处，如图1和图2所示。
进一步地，端子插入槽41的数量与定子齿11的数量相等，多个端子插入槽41沿定子铁心1的周向间隔设置。
由于一般情况下各个定子齿11上都绕有线圈，因而线圈的数量一般与定子齿11的数量相等，则端子插入槽41的数量与定子齿11的数量保持相等且端子插入槽41沿定子铁心1的周向间隔设置，可以保证每个定子齿11上的线圈的引线均能够被压入端子插入槽41中进行固定。这样，可以对任意两个齿上的线圈进行串联固定，使得定子的线路连接更为自由、灵活，而多余的端子插入槽41可以空着不用。同时，该方案也使得定子绝缘组件的结构较为规整，便于加工成型。
比如：如图1和图2所示，定子齿11的数量和端子插入槽41的数量均为12个，且沿定子铁心1的周向均匀分布，其中9个端子插入槽41与压接端子 42组合形成连接部4，剩余3个端子插入槽41空着。该定子包括三相绕组，每相绕组串联后具有2个线头(或者叫2个接线端)，共有6个线头用于与定子以外的其他结构相连，形成电机的电路结构。
具体地，定子铁心1的轴向两端面上设有绝缘件，且定子齿11上设有绝缘件，如图1和图2所示。
在定子铁心1的轴向两端面上设置绝缘件，并在定子齿11上设置绝缘件，有效保证了定子线圈与其他结构之间的可靠绝缘。其中，两部分绝缘件形成绝缘组件7，绝缘件可以单独成型，装配在定子铁心1上，也可以采用注塑成型的方式与定子铁心1形成一体式结构。进一步地，前述端子插入槽41设在定子铁心1轴向端面上的绝缘件中。
其中，定子铁心1具有沿其轴向贯通的中间孔，多个定子齿11设在中间孔的孔壁上，如图1和图2所示。
将多个定子齿11设在定子铁心1的中间孔的孔壁上，则转子装配在定子铁心1径向内侧，有利于缩小电机体积，实现电机的小型化。
进一步地，定子为集中绕组定子。
定子为集中绕组定子，则电机为集中绕组电机，集中绕组电机的同相线圈会均布在定子圆周上，如果采用并联的方式，需通过人工辨认各个线圈的线头再进行连接操作，极易产生错误，导致产品不良，因此采用本申请的接线方式实现串联连接，有利于显著降低集中绕组电机的接线难度，进而提高集中绕组电机的生产制造效率，并降低其生产成本。且集中绕组电机的体积及重量更小，特别适用于汽车等追求轻量化设计的产品，进而降低这些产品的成本及功耗。
当然，定子也可以为分布绕组定子。
实施例五
一种电机，包括：如第一方面实施例中任一项的定子和转子。其中，转子与定子相配合。
本申请第二方面的实施例提供的电机，因包括第一方面实施例中任一项的定子，因而具有上述任一实施例所具有的一切有益效果，在此不再赘述。
比如：转子套装在定子内侧，并能够相对定子转动。
实施例六
一种车辆，包括：车体和如第二方面实施例的电机，安装在车体中。
本申请第三方面的实施例提供的车辆，因包括第二方面实施例的电机，因而具有上述任一实施例所具有的一切有益效果，在此不再赘述。
下面结合一些具体示例进行说明，并与现有技术进行对比。
在电机行业的产品应用中，电机的小型化及轻量化设计对降低产品成本及功耗有着重要作用，因此一直是行业内持续开展的研究。特别是汽车行业，为减轻整车重量，通常采用体积及重量更小的集中绕组电机。
在电机产品中，定子的线圈需要经过合理连接形成各相绕组才可正常运转，同相线圈之间的连接通常有并联与串联两种方式。通常情况下，集中绕组电机的同相线圈会均布在定子圆周上，如果采用并联的方式，需通过人工辨认各个线圈的线头再进行连接操作，极易产生错误，导致产品不良。因此，大部分生产厂家会选用同相线圈之间串联的方式。
现有技术中，集中绕组定子的线圈串联通常是不断线串联，起到两个线圈之间连接的线称为过桥线，具体实现方式是在其绝缘端板上设置有固定过桥线的结构，再将过桥线固定在该结构上。为保证不同相的过桥线有充足的绝缘间隙，通常需要加大绝缘端板的高度，以拉开不同相过桥线的平行距离。这样设置的后果是定子端部体积较大，不利于电机小型化。
为此，本申请提供一种电机，其定子具有端部体积小、过桥线连接生产效率高与可靠性高的优点。
具体地，一种旋转电机，所述电机由定子与转子组成，所述定子具有定子铁心1、绝缘组件7及线圈，所述定子铁心1具有沿其轴向贯通的中间孔，并且设有多个沿中间孔的周向间隔开布置的定子齿11，相邻两个定子齿11之间限定出定子槽。所述绝缘组件7设置在定子铁心1两端面上。多个所述线圈绕制在安装有所述绝缘组件7的所述定子齿11上，所述线圈均有两个出线(即引出线)，分别为第一出线与第二出线。其中线圈A的所述第一出线(即第一线圈2的第二引出线22)不断线跨过多个定子齿11布置，并最终与另一同相绕组的线圈B的所述第二出线(即第二线圈3的第三引出线31)通过连接部4相连接。
所述连接部4由设置在所述绝缘组件7上端子插入槽41和安装在所述端 子槽中的刺破式端子构成，所述线圈A的所述第一出线末端与所述线圈B的所述第二出线的末端由所述刺破式端子进行刺破连接。其中，所述线圈A的所述第一出线穿过绝缘套管6。
本申请利用了线圈A的第一出线作为过桥线，减少了过桥线与线圈A的连接作业，提高了生产制造效率。另外由于可从线圈A的第一出线的线头处穿入绝缘套管6，确保了不同相过桥线与线圈的充足绝缘，可靠性高。并且由于无需在定子端部上设置确保绝缘间隙的结构，因此定子端部也比较小。
为进一步提高制造效率，本申请将所述线圈A的所述第一出线与另一同相所述线圈B的所述第二出线的末端放入端子插入槽41中，并将刺破式端子插入到所述端子插入槽41中。在这过程中，刺破式端子通过刺破线圈电磁线表面的漆膜，从而实现电气连接。该种连接方式，在形成电气连接的同时，同步将连接处导电的部分安装至端子插入槽41中，快速连接并且可有效绝缘。
图2示意了一个具体示例的定子及其过桥线的立体结构示意图。经过上述的作业过程后，即得到所述定子及其过桥线。
图3示意了一个具体示例的定子过桥线连接结构展开示意图。从该图中，可以容易理解本申请过桥线的连接结构，即：使所述线圈A的所述第一出线不断线跨过多个定子齿11布置，并最终与另一同相绕组的线圈B的所述第二出线通过连接部4相连接，并且所述第一出线上穿有绝缘套管6。
图4示意了另一个具体示例的定子过桥线连接部4的示意图。
通常情况下，电机的定子需要安装在金属机壳中才可使用，并且定子是通过外径与机壳配合，需要避免所述第一出线与所述第二出线的末端距离机壳过近，以避免与定子外径之间的距离过小而导致绝缘距离不足。当然也需要避免与线圈的绝缘距离不足。又由于所述第一出线与所述第二出线的末端固定在所述端子插入槽41的开口(即槽口411)上，通过控制开口方向即可控制所述第一出线与所述第二出线的末端与机壳、线圈的绝缘安全距离。
其中，将所述端子插入槽41开口的中心线(即垂直于槽口411所在平面且经过槽口411中心的法线)与所述线圈B的对称中心线(即经过第二线圈3的绕设中心且位于定子铁心1中心轴线的中垂面上且垂直于定子铁心1中心轴线的直线)之间所形成夹角θ设置为满足以下条件：60°≤θ≤120°，以确保所 述第一出线与所述第二出线的末端与机壳、线圈之间有较优的绝缘安全距离。
图5示意了一个具体示例的定子过桥线连接部4的示意图。
在一些电机应用中，定子会暴露在某种导电介质中。由于所述连接部4中，刺破式端子与被刺破漆膜实现电气导通的所述第一出线与所述第二出线的末端均为导电部件，在以上所述的环境中应用时，在所述端子插入槽41中填充有完全覆盖所述刺破式端子以及所述出线末端的绝缘密封胶8，能够杜绝漏电的安全隐患。
综上所述，本申请提供的定子、电机及车辆，通过将第一线圈的第二出线延长，使其延伸至第二线圈的第三出线处，然后通过连接部将第一线圈的第二出线与第二线圈的第三出线连接在一起，实现第一线圈与第二线圈的串联相连，则第一线圈的第二出线充当了第一线圈与第二线圈之间的过桥线，因而省去了现有技术中额外设置的过桥线，从而减少了过桥线与第一线圈的连接作业，提高了生产制造效率，并减少了连接点的数量，有利于提高线圈之间的连接可靠性。
在本申请中，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述的目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性；术语“多个”则指两个或两个以上，除非另有明确的限定。术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语均应做广义理解，例如，“连接”可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；“相连”可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或单元必须具有特定的方向、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此，不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本说明书的描述中，术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“具体实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或实例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种定子，其中，包括：
    定子铁心，所述定子铁心设有多个定子齿，多个所述定子齿沿所述定子铁心的周向间隔设置；
    第一线圈，绕设在其中一个所述定子齿上，所述第一线圈包括第一引出线和第二引出线；
    第二线圈，绕设在另一个所述定子齿上，所述第二线圈包括第三引出线和第四引出线；
    其中，所述第二引出线延伸至所述第三引出线处，并与所述第三引出线通过连接部相连，使所述第一线圈与所述第二线圈串联相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的定子，其中，
    所述定子铁心上设有绝缘结构，所述连接部包括设在所述绝缘结构上的端子插入槽和安装在所述端子插入槽中的压接端子，所述第二引出线的末端及所述第三引出线的末端至少部分被所述压接端子压设在所述端子插入槽中并电性连接。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的定子，其中，
    所述压接端子为刺破式端子。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的定子，其中，
    所述端子插入槽设有供所述第二引出线的末端和/或所述第三引出线的末端伸出的槽口；
    所述第二线圈具有中垂面，所述中垂面经过所述定子铁心的中心轴线，且所述槽口所在平面的法线与所述中垂面之间的夹角θ在60°至120°的范围内。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的定子，其中，
    所述端子插入槽内设有绝缘件，所述绝缘件封盖所述压接端子、所述第二引出线的末端及所述第三引出线的末端。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的定子，其中，
    所述绝缘件为绝缘密封胶，所述绝缘密封胶填充在所述端子插入槽内。
  7. 根据权利要求2至6中任一项所述的定子，其中，
    所述端子插入槽的数量与所述定子齿的数量相等，多个所述端子插入槽沿所述定子铁心的周向间隔设置。
  8. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的定子，其中，
    所述定子包括若干个相的绕组，每个相的所述绕组包括多个依次串联的线圈，任意直接相连的两个所述线圈分别为所述第一线圈及所述第二线圈。
  9. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的定子，其中，
    所述第二引出线包裹有绝缘层。
  10. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的定子，其中，
    所述第一引出线、所述第二引出线、所述第三引出线、所述第四引出线沿所述定子铁心的周向顺次分布。
  11. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的定子，其中，
    所述第二引出线与所述第一线圈的主体部分由一根电磁线形成。
  12. 一种电机，其中，包括：
    如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的定子；和
    转子，与所述定子相配合。
  13. 一种车辆，其中，包括：
    车体；和
    如权利要求12所述的电机，安装在所述车体中。
PCT/CN2019/125546 2019-09-25 2019-12-16 定子、电机及车辆 WO2021056853A1 (zh)

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CN202586565U (zh) * 2012-05-23 2012-12-05 上海博建电子科技有限公司 一种改进型伺服电机的定子
CN104052200A (zh) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-17 雷勃美国公司 电机及相关方法
CN105071573A (zh) * 2015-07-16 2015-11-18 擎声自动化科技（上海）有限公司 一种具有印刷电路板绕组的定子结构
CN106471712A (zh) * 2014-07-01 2017-03-01 大金工业株式会社 电枢、旋转电机、横流风扇、电枢的齿对的制造方法
CN207251323U (zh) * 2017-06-30 2018-04-17 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 定子组件、具有其的永磁电机及压缩机

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US20020180299A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Automotive alternator
CN202586565U (zh) * 2012-05-23 2012-12-05 上海博建电子科技有限公司 一种改进型伺服电机的定子
CN104052200A (zh) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-17 雷勃美国公司 电机及相关方法
CN106471712A (zh) * 2014-07-01 2017-03-01 大金工业株式会社 电枢、旋转电机、横流风扇、电枢的齿对的制造方法
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