WO2021031199A1 - 一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021031199A1
WO2021031199A1 PCT/CN2019/102043 CN2019102043W WO2021031199A1 WO 2021031199 A1 WO2021031199 A1 WO 2021031199A1 CN 2019102043 W CN2019102043 W CN 2019102043W WO 2021031199 A1 WO2021031199 A1 WO 2021031199A1
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Prior art keywords
substrate
channel
diversion
metal
guide
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PCT/CN2019/102043
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于志远
佘玥欣
刘于航
Original Assignee
于志远
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Application filed by 于志远 filed Critical 于志远
Priority to PCT/CN2019/102043 priority Critical patent/WO2021031199A1/zh
Priority to CN202080063580.2A priority patent/CN114450110B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/109523 priority patent/WO2021032048A1/zh
Publication of WO2021031199A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021031199A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
    • B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
    • B22F9/10—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying using centrifugal force

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of metallurgical materials, in particular to a device and method for preparing metal or alloy powder.
  • Powder metallurgy is an industrial technology for preparing metal powder or using metal powder (or a mixture of metal powder and non-metal powder) as raw materials, forming and sintering, to produce metal materials, composite materials and various types of products.
  • powder metallurgy technology has been widely used in the fields of transportation, machinery, electronics, aerospace, weapons, biology, new energy, information and nuclear industry, and has become one of the most dynamic branches of new materials science.
  • Powder metallurgy technology has a series of advantages such as significant energy saving, material saving, excellent performance, high product precision and good stability, which is very suitable for mass production.
  • some materials and complex parts that cannot be prepared by traditional casting methods and mechanical processing methods can also be manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which has attracted the attention of the industry.
  • 3D printing technology will save costs and reduce fuel consumption, and it will surely become the industry with the most potential for development.
  • metal and alloy 3D printing technology as the most cutting-edge and most potential technology in the entire 3D printing system, is an important development direction of advanced manufacturing technology.
  • Metal and alloy powders are the most important part of metal and alloy 3D printing technology, and they are also valuable.
  • 3D printing metal powder refers to a group of metal particles with a size of less than 1mm, including single metal powder, alloy powder, and some refractory compound powder with metallic properties.
  • 3D printing metal powder materials include cobalt-chromium alloys, stainless steel, industrial steel, bronze alloys, titanium alloys, and nickel-aluminum alloys.
  • powder preparation methods can be divided into: reduction method, electrolysis method, carbonyl decomposition method, grinding method, atomization method, etc. according to the preparation process.
  • the powder produced by reduction, electrolysis and atomization as raw materials is more commonly used in the powder metallurgy industry.
  • the electrolysis and reduction methods are limited to the production of elemental metal powders, and these methods are not applicable to alloy powders.
  • the atomization method can be used for the production of alloy powder.
  • the modern atomization process can also control the shape of the powder.
  • the continuous development of the atomization cavity structure greatly improves the atomization efficiency, which makes the atomization method gradually develop into the main powder production method.
  • the atomization method can meet the special requirements of 3D printing consumable metal powder.
  • the water atomization method is widely used.
  • the specific heat capacity of water is much larger than that of gas, during the atomization process, the broken metal droplets become irregular due to the solidification too fast, making the powder spherical Degree is affected.
  • Other metals or alloys with high activity will react when contacted with water.
  • the contact with water during the atomization process will increase the oxygen content of the powder.
  • the formation of metal powder depends on the disturbance and impact of the air flow on the molten metal flow to break it into powder. Due to the statistical characteristics of the air flow disturbance, the particle size distribution of the powder is wide, and at the same time In all atomization technologies, regardless of the structure of the nozzle, the airflow continuously expands during the flight before acting on the liquid flow, and the speed decreases, which results in a large energy loss of the atomized gas and affects the atomization efficiency.
  • the present invention provides a device and method for preparing metal or alloy powder, the main purpose of which is to improve the morphological characteristics of metal or alloy powder particles and to improve the consistency of metal or alloy powder particles.
  • the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing metal or alloy powder, including: at least one flow guide component and a driving mechanism;
  • the flow guide assembly includes: a first substrate and a second substrate;
  • the first substrate and the second substrate are superimposed on each other and fixed;
  • the first substrate and the second substrate are distributed up and down;
  • the middle of the first substrate and the second substrate has a cavity for containing a metal solution or an alloy solution
  • a diversion groove is provided on the side of the first substrate close to the second substrate and/or on the side of the second substrate close to the first substrate;
  • the diversion groove is closed to form a diversion channel
  • One end of the diversion channel is in communication with the cavity, and the other end is in communication with the outer edges of the first substrate and the second substrate;
  • the guide channels There are a plurality of the guide channels; the plurality of guide channels are distributed at intervals along the rotation direction of the first substrate and the second substrate;
  • An air flow groove is provided on the side of the first substrate close to the second substrate and/or on the side close to the first substrate on the second substrate; the first substrate and the second substrate are mutually When superimposed, the air flow groove is closed to form an air flow channel;
  • the air flow channel is located on one side of the guide channel; one end of the air flow channel communicates with the guide channel, and the other end communicates with the outer edges of the first substrate and the second substrate, so that the gas Can enter the diversion channel through the other end of the diversion channel;
  • the driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the first substrate and the second substrate, and is used for driving the first substrate and the second substrate to rotate.
  • the guide components there are a plurality of the guide components; the plurality of guide components are superimposed on each other and fixed.
  • the first substrate is provided with an airflow groove one on the side close to the second substrate;
  • the second substrate is provided with an airflow groove two on the side close to the first substrate; the first substrate When superposed and attached to the second substrate, the first air flow groove and the second air flow groove form an air flow channel with a circular cross-section.
  • the thickness of the first substrate is 0.5-2 mm;
  • the first substrate has a circular structure; the diameter of the first substrate is 50-500 mm;
  • the thickness of the second substrate is 0.5-2 mm;
  • the second substrate has a circular structure; the diameter of the second substrate is 50-500 mm;
  • the inner diameter of the diversion channel is 500nm ⁇ 500um
  • the diversion channel has a linear shape or an arc shape.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal or alloy powder, which includes the following steps:
  • the S20 guide assembly rotates, and the metal or alloy solution flows away from the rotation axis through the guide channel on the guide assembly under the action of centrifugal force;
  • the centrifugal force increases, forming a negative pressure in the diversion channel; at the same time, under the action of the negative pressure of the diversion channel, the protective gas enters the diversion channel through the airflow channel, and affects the flow channel.
  • the solution forms a partition;
  • the solution separated by S40 flows out from the end of the diversion channel and condenses into metal or alloy particles.
  • the inner diameter of the diversion channel is 500nm ⁇ 500um
  • the diversion channel has a linear shape or an arc shape
  • the diversion component is one of a sapphire crystal substrate, a silicon carbide crystal substrate, a ceramic substrate, a high-temperature alloy substrate, and a high-purity graphite substrate.
  • the device and method for preparing metal or alloy powder of the present invention have at least the following advantages:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flow guiding component of a device for preparing metal or alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flow guiding component of a device for preparing metal or alloy powder according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first substrate in a guide assembly of a device for preparing metal or alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a combination of multiple guide components of a device for preparing metal or alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a combination of a plurality of guide components of a device for preparing metal or alloy powder according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a device for preparing metal or alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for preparing metal or alloy powder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the first substrate
  • 1-1 is the guide groove one
  • 1-2 is the air flow groove one
  • 1-3 is the fixed hole
  • 1-4 is the blade
  • 1-5 is the through hole
  • 2 is the second substrate
  • 2 -1 is the second diversion groove
  • 3 is the bottom plate
  • 4 is the lower sealing plate
  • 5 is the upper sealing plate
  • 6 is the driving mechanism
  • 7 is the heating mechanism
  • 8 is the sealed chamber
  • 21 is the feed port one
  • 22 is the inlet In the second material port
  • 23 is the discharge end and 24 is the mixing junction.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing metal or alloy powder, which includes: at least one guide assembly and a driving mechanism 6;
  • the flow guide assembly includes: a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2; the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are superimposed on each other and fixed; the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 can be fixed by the first substrate 1
  • the fixing holes 1-3 are provided on the second base plate 2 and then fixed by fasteners; it can be fixed by fixing a plurality of guide components.
  • the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are distributed up and down; the middle of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 has a cavity for containing the metal solution or the alloy solution; this embodiment preferably uses the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2
  • a through hole 1-5 is provided in the center, and the first substrate 1 is provided above the second substrate 2; a bottom plate 3 is provided below the second substrate 2.
  • the bottom plate 3 is attached and fixed to the lower part of the second substrate 2, and the second substrate
  • the through holes 1-5 in the middle of the substrate 2 are closed; the middle of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 form an upper opening cavity for holding the metal or alloy solution to be processed; of course, the second substrate can also be
  • the hole in the middle of 2 is set as a blind hole, so that the bottom of the hole can be closed.
  • the side of the first substrate 1 close to the second substrate 2 and or the side of the second substrate close to the first substrate is provided with a flow guide groove; when the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are superimposed on each other, the guide The flow groove is closed to form a diversion channel; preferably, the diversion channel has a circular cross section; of course, it is not excluded that the cross section of the diversion channel is "U"-shaped, rectangular, "O"-shaped and other shapes.
  • One end of the diversion channel communicates with the cavity, and the other end communicates with the outer edges of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, so that the metal or alloy solution rotates from the outer edges of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 at a high speed. Throw it out and condense to form particles.
  • the first substrate 1 is preferably a circular plate; the second substrate 2 is preferably a circular plate.
  • the first substrate 1 and/or the second substrate 2 are polygonal plates; the polygonal plates are at least octagonal, and preferably the number of sides is an even number.
  • An air flow groove is provided on the side of the first substrate 1 close to the second substrate 2 and/or on the side close to the first substrate 1 on the second substrate 2; when the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are superimposed and attached to each other, When a substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 are superimposed and attached to each other, the gas flow groove is closed to form a gas flow channel; during operation, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are in an inert gas environment to protect the metal and alloy powders. Not oxidized.
  • the first substrate 1 is provided with air flow grooves one 1-2 on the side close to the second substrate 2; the second substrate 2 is provided with air flow grooves two on the side close to the first substrate 1; the first substrate 1 When superimposed and attached to the second substrate 2, the air flow grooves 1-2 and the air flow groove 2 form an air flow channel with a circular cross-section.
  • An air flow channel is formed between the air flow grooves 1 1-2 and the air flow groove 2 for the entry of inert gas; further preferably, the diameter of the air flow channel is the same as the diameter of the guide channel.
  • the diameter of the air flow channel can also be larger or smaller than the diameter of the guide channel.
  • the air flow channel is located on one side of the guide channel; one end of the air flow channel communicates with the guide channel, and the other end communicates with the outer edges of the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2, so that the gas can enter the guide channel through the other end of the guide channel.
  • Flow channel can also choose to open an air flow groove on the first substrate 1 or the second substrate 2; when the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are attached, the air flow groove is closed to form an air flow channel.
  • the driving mechanism 6 is in transmission connection with the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 for driving the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 to rotate.
  • the driving mechanism 6 may be a transmission mechanism such as a motor or a gearbox driven by a motor; so that the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 can rotate at a high speed.
  • the diversion component When the diversion component is in operation, it needs to be kept in a protective environment of inert gas. At the same time, the temperature of the diversion component needs to be kept 10°C ⁇ 50°C higher than the melting point of the metal or alloy to be treated to prevent it from condensing in the diversion channel . Preferably it is 20 degreeC.
  • the guide component is set in the thermal field, and the temperature of the thermal field needs to be adjusted according to the melting point temperature of the metal.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing metal or alloy powder, and further includes a heating mechanism 7, which is used to heat the guide assembly; the heating mechanism 7 is a heating plate set above and below the guide assembly ; To maintain the required temperature of the solution in the diversion component.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing metal or alloy powder, which further includes a heating mechanism 7 and a sealed chamber 8; the flow guiding component is placed in the sealed chamber 8 and the sealed chamber 8 is filled with inert gas.
  • the first substrate 1 is provided with a diversion groove 1-1 on the side close to the second substrate 2;
  • the second substrate 2 is provided with a diversion groove 2 on the side close to the first substrate 1. -1; when the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 are superimposed and attached to each other, the diversion groove one 1-1 and the diversion groove two 2-1 form a diversion channel with a circular cross-section.
  • the cross section of the diversion channel can also be "U"-shaped, rectangular, "O"-shaped and other shapes.
  • the diversion groove 1-1 is a groove with a semicircular cross section; it is preferable that the diversion groove 2-1 is a groove with a semicircular cross section, so that the diversion groove 1-1 and the diversion groove two 2-1 can form a diversion channel with a circular cross section during bonding.
  • this embodiment does not exclude that the cross-sections of the diversion groove 1 1-1 and the diversion groove 2 2-1 are arcs with the same diameter and different arc lengths, so that the diversion groove 1 1-1 and the diversion groove 2 2-1 can be attached to each other to form a circular diversion channel, so that the metal or alloy solution flows in the tiny circular diversion channel, and when it flows out, it can condense into metal or alloy particles with good shape.
  • the diversion channel keeps the solution away from the center of rotation.
  • the plane where the extension direction of the diversion channel is located is perpendicular to the rotation axis; to facilitate control of the speed of the solution passing through the diversion channel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing metal or alloy powder, which improves the morphological characteristics of metal or alloy powder particles and improves the consistency of metal or alloy powder particles.
  • each diversion component there are multiple diversion components; multiple diversion components are superimposed and attached to each other and fixed. A plurality of diversion components are superimposed on top of each other and fixedly arranged with each other.
  • the guide components are preferably 5-20 groups.
  • a diversion groove 1-1 is provided on the upper side of the first substrate 1, and a diversion groove two 2-1 is provided on the lower side of the first substrate 1; and a diversion groove 2-1 is provided on the upper side of the second substrate 2.
  • Flow groove one 1-1, flow groove two 2-1 are provided on the lower side of the second substrate 2.
  • a lower sealing plate 4 is provided under the second substrate 2; a flow guide groove 4 is provided on the upper side of the lower sealing plate 4, and the lower sealing plate 4 is attached and fixed to the lower side of the second substrate 2.
  • the flow guide groove four is arranged corresponding to the flow guide groove two 2-1 on the lower side of the second substrate 2 to form a circular flow guide channel.
  • a plurality of diversion components form a multi-layer diversion channel, which can process metal or alloy solutions at the same time. More preferably, the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2 have the same structure.
  • the thickness of the first substrate 1 is 0.5-2 mm; the first substrate 1 has a circular structure; the diameter of the first substrate 1 is 50-500 mm; the thickness of the second substrate 2 is 0.5-2 mm;
  • the second substrate 2 has a circular structure; the diameter of the second substrate 2 is 50-500mm; the inner diameter of the diversion channel is 500nm-500um; the inner diameter of the diversion channel can be determined according to the required particle size.
  • the length of the diversion channel is 5mm ⁇ 200mm;
  • the first substrate 1 is a circular substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and a diameter of 50 mm to 500 mm.
  • the diameter of the first substrate 1 is preferably 50 mm to 300 mm.
  • the second substrate 2 is a circular substrate with a thickness of 0.5 mm to 5 mm and a diameter of 50 mm to 500 mm.
  • the diameter of the second substrate 2 is preferably 50 mm to 300 mm.
  • the diversion channel can be straight for easy processing.
  • the diversion channel can also have an arc shape. According to the movement characteristics of the metal or alloy solution in the diversion channel under the action of centrifugal force, a diversion channel with a curvature can be set to make the metal or alloy solution in the diversion channel Different positions have predetermined movement states and speeds, which are convenient to control the solution form, and use inert gas to enter.
  • blades 1-4 are fixedly provided on the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2; the blades 1-4 are located in the cavity and used to separate and stir the solution in the cavity.
  • the cavities of 1-4 have the effect of uniform distribution and granulation of the solution.
  • the fan-shaped part may penetrate the entire substrate, or the fan-shaped part of a predetermined thickness may be removed to increase the strength of the structure.
  • the first substrate 1 is preferably one of a sapphire crystal substrate, a silicon carbide crystal substrate, a ceramic substrate, a high-temperature alloy substrate, and a high-purity graphite substrate; preferably a sapphire material; and the second substrate 2 is a sapphire crystal
  • the substrate, silicon carbide crystal substrate, ceramic substrate, high temperature alloy substrate, high purity graphite substrate preferably sapphire material, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, transparency, moderate price, and large-scale processing It is easy to observe and monitor.
  • the movement state of the metal or alloy solution in the diversion channel can be recorded by a high-speed camera to facilitate analysis, research and parameter setting, such as the rotation speed of the motor, and the arc of the diversion channel Settings, etc.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a device for preparing metal or alloy powder.
  • the molten fluid of the metal or alloy material is thrown out in the form of droplets through the action of high-speed centrifugal force in the diversion channel of the diversion component, and is continuously cooled and inert.
  • the shielding gas quickly cools down the metal or alloy melt particles.
  • the process is simple, the process is continuous, the prepared metal or alloy has good particle size and morphology consistency, no agglomeration, high particle yield, low cost, good batch product consistency, and repeated and stable results. By changing the parameters such as the inner diameter and length of the microchannel channel, micron and nanometer particles of different particle sizes can be produced.
  • the end of the airflow channel connected to the diversion channel, the extending direction of the airflow channel and the flow direction of the solution in the diversion channel are an acute angle, so that the gas in the airflow channel is in the diversion channel When the medium solution flows, it can fill the diversion channel.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal or alloy powder, which includes the following steps:
  • the metal or alloy solution is injected into the cavity in the middle of the guide assembly; the metal or alloy can be heated and melted in the crucible, and the metal solution or alloy solution is protected by inert gas.
  • the melt flows into the cavity from the heat preservation and heating pipe under pressure or its own weight.
  • the S20 guide assembly rotates, and the metal or alloy solution flows away from the rotation axis through the guide channel on the guide assembly under the action of centrifugal force; the rotation speed of the guide assembly can be adjusted as needed, by adjusting the drive motor Speed to achieve.
  • the guide component is preheated to 5°C ⁇ 50°C above the melting temperature of the metal or alloy, and the heat field power is designed to keep the temperature of the heat field constant.
  • the molten metal or alloy fluid enters the diversion channel under the action of centrifugal force.
  • the molten metal or alloy fluid in the microchannel between 500 nanometers and 500 microns is greater than other forces, the molten metal or alloy fluid will form a uniform size
  • the radius of rotation increases, and the rotation speed increases, so that the centrifugal force increases.
  • the solution farther from the rotation center has a pressure difference with the solution closer to the rotation center, thereby forming a negative pressure;
  • the protective gas enters the diversion channel through the gas flow channel, forming a separation of the solution in the diversion channel;
  • the solution separated by S40 flows out from the end of the diversion channel and condenses into metal or alloy particles.
  • the solution drops flowing out of the diversion channel during the falling process are quickly condensed into solid particles through the cooling of the low-temperature inert gas, forming metal or alloy particles.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal or alloy powder, which can continuously granulate the metal or alloy solution, which can not only improve the morphological characteristics of the metal or alloy powder particles, improve the consistency of the metal or alloy powder particles, but also improve The efficiency of granulation.
  • the inner diameter of the diversion channel is 500 nm to 500 um; the inner diameter of the diversion channel can be determined according to the required particle size.
  • the diversion channel is straight or arc-shaped; the diversion component is made of sapphire, which is resistant to high temperature and corrosion, and is convenient for observation and monitoring.
  • the movement state of the metal or alloy solution in the diversion channel can be recorded by a high-speed camera for convenience Analyze research and parameter setting, such as the speed setting of the diversion component, and the arc setting of the diversion channel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing metal or alloy powder, using the above-mentioned device for preparing metal or alloy powder for operation.
  • first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these terms should not limit these elements. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and, similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element, and these terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. This does not depart from the scope of the exemplary embodiment. Similarly, element one and element two do not represent the order of elements, and these terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

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Abstract

本技术方案涉及冶金材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置，包括：至少一个导流组件和驱动机构(6)；导流组件包括：第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)；第一基板(1)与第二基板(2)相互叠加贴合并固定；第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)上下分布；第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)的中部具有容腔；第一基板(1)上设置有导流槽一(1-1)；第二基板(2)上设置有导流槽二(2-1)；导流槽一(1-1)与导流槽二(2-1)形成导流通道；导流通道的一端与容腔连通，另一端与第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)的外缘连通；第一基板(1)与第二基板(2)相互叠加贴合时，气流槽一(1-2)与气流槽二之间形成气流通道；气流通道的一端与导流通道连通，另一端与第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)的外缘连通；驱动机构(6)与第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)传动连接，用于驱动第一基板(1)和第二基板(2)转动。

Description

一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及冶金材料技术领域，尤其涉及一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置及方法。
背景技术
粉末冶金是制取金属粉末或用金属粉末(或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物)作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制取金属材料、复合材料以及各种类型制品的工业技术。目前，粉末冶金技术已被广泛应用于交通、机械、电子、航空航天、兵器、生物、新能源、信息和核工业等领域，成为新材料科学中最具发展活力的分支之一。粉末冶金技术具备显著节能、省材、性能优异、产品精度高且稳定性好等一系列优点，非常适合于大批量生产。另外，部分用传统铸造方法和机械加工方法无法制备的材料和复杂零件也可用粉末冶金技术制造，因而备受工业界的重视。
3D打印技术作为“增材制造”的主要实现形式，节约成本、减少燃料消耗，必将成为最具潜力发展的产业。其中，金属、合金3D打印技术作为整个3D打印体系中最前沿和最有潜力的技术，是先进制造技术的重要发展方向。而金属、合金粉末则是金属、合金3D打印技术中最重要一环的，也是价值所在。
3D打印金属粉末即指尺寸小于1mm的金属颗粒群，包括单一金属粉末、合金粉末以及具有金属性质的某些难熔化合物粉末。目前，3D打印金属粉末材料包括钴铬合金、不锈钢、工业钢、青铜合金、钛合金和镍铝合金等。
目前，粉末制备方法按照制备工艺主要可分为：还原法、电解法、羰基分解法、研磨法、雾化法等。其中，以还原法、电解法和雾化法生产的粉末作为原料应用到粉末冶金工业的较为普遍。但电解法和还原法仅限于单质金属粉末的生产，而对于合金粉末这些方法均不适用。雾化法可以进行合金粉末的生产，同时现代雾化工艺对粉末的形状也能够做出控制，不断发展的雾化腔结构大幅提高了雾化效率，这使得雾化法逐渐发展成为主要的粉末生产方法。雾化法可以满足3D打印耗材金属粉末的特殊要求。雾化法中水雾化法应用较广，然而由于水的比热容远 大于气体，所以在雾化过程中，被破碎的金属熔滴，由于凝固过快而变成不规则状，使粉末的球形度受到影响。另外一些具有高活性的金属或者合金，与水接触会发生反应，同时由于雾化过程中与水的接触，会提高粉末的氧含量。这些问题限制了水雾化法在制备球形度高、氧含量低的金属粉末的应用。并且，在常规的金属粉末雾化喷嘴中，金属粉末的形成是靠气流对金属液流的扰动和冲击使其破碎成粉末，由于气流的扰动具有统计特征，粉末的粒度分布较宽，同时在所有的雾化技术中，不管喷嘴的结构如何，气流在作用于液流前的飞行中不断膨胀，速度减小，导致雾化气体能量损失较大，影响了雾化效率。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置及方法，主要目的在于改善金属或合金粉末粒子的形态特征，提高金属或合金粉末粒子的一致性。
为达到上述目的，本发明主要提供如下技术方案：
一方面，本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置，包括:至少一个导流组件和驱动机构；
所述导流组件包括：第一基板和第二基板；
所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合，并固定；
所述第一基板和所述第二基板上下分布；
所述第一基板和所述第二基板的中部具有容腔，用于容纳金属溶液或合金溶液；
所述第一基板上靠近所述第二基板的一侧和\或所述第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有导流槽；
所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合时，所述导流槽被封闭形成导流通道；
所述导流通道的一端与所述容腔连通，另一端与所述第一基板和所述第二基板的外缘连通；
所述导流通道为多个；多个所述导流通道沿所述第一基板和所述第二基板的旋转方向间隔分布；
所述第一基板上靠近所述第二基板的一侧和\或所述第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有气流槽；所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合时，所述气流槽被封闭，形成气流通道；
所述气流通道位于所述导流通道的一侧；所述气流通道的一端与所述导流通道连通，另一端与所述第一基板和所述第二基板的外缘连通，以使气体能够通过所述导流通道的另一端进入所述导流通道；
所述驱动机构与所述第一基板和所述第二基板传动连接，用于驱动所述第一基板和所述第二基板转动。
进一步地，所述导流组件为多个；多个所述导流组件相互叠加贴合，并固定。
进一步地，所述第一基板上靠近所述第二基板的一侧设置有气流槽一；所述第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有气流槽二；所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合时，所述气流槽一与所述气流槽二形成圆形截面的气流通道。
进一步地，所述第一基板的厚度为0.5～2mm；
所述第一基板为圆形结构；所述第一基板的直径为50～500mm；
所述第二基板的厚度为0.5～2mm；
所述第二基板为圆形结构；所述第二基板的直径为50～500mm；
所述导流通道的内径为500nm～500um；
所述导流通道为直线状或弧形状。
另一方面，本发明实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的方法，包括以下步骤，
S10将金属或合金溶液注入导流组件的中部的容腔内；
S20导流组件旋转，金属或合金溶液在离心力的作用下，通过导流组件上的导流通道朝远离旋转轴的方向流动；
S30溶液向远离旋转轴的方向流动时，离心力增加，在导流通道中形成负压；同时，在导流通道负压的作用下，保护气体通过气流通道进入导流通道，对导流通道内的溶液形成分隔；
S40分隔后的溶液从导流通道的端部流出，凝结成金属或合金颗粒。
进一步地，所述导流通道的内径为500nm～500um；
所述导流通道为直线状或弧形状；
所述导流组件为蓝宝石晶体基材、碳化硅晶体基材、陶瓷基材、高温合金基材、高纯石墨基材中的一种。
借由上述技术方案，本发明一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置及方法至少具有下列优点：
改善金属或合金粉末粒子的形态特征，提高金属或合金粉末粒子的一致性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，并可依照说明书的内容予以实施，以下以本发明的较佳实施例并配合附图详细说明如后。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置的导流组件的示意图；
图2为本发明的另一实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置的导流组件的示意图；
图3为本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置的导流组件中第一基板的示意图；
图4为本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置的多个导流组件的组合示意图；
图5为本发明的另一实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置的多个导流组件的组合示意图；
图6为本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置的示意图；
图7为本发明的一实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的方法的流程图；
图中所示：
1为第一基板，1-1为导流槽一，1-2为气流槽一，1-3为固定孔，1-4为叶片，1-5为通孔，2为第二基板，2-1为导流槽二，3为底板，4为下封板，5为上封板，6为驱动机构，7为加热机构，8为密封腔室，21为进料端口一，22为进料端口二，23为出料端，24为混合交汇处。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效,以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明申请的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。在下述说明中，不同的“一实施例”或“实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构、或特点可由任何合适形式组合。
如图1至7所示，一方面，本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置，包括:至少一个导流组件和驱动机构6；
导流组件包括：第一基板1和第二基板2；第一基板1与第二基板2相互叠加贴合，并固定；第一基板1和第二基板2的固定可以通过在第一基板1和第二基板2上设置固定孔1-3，然后通过紧固件进行固定；可以通过将多个导流组件进行固定。
第一基板1和第二基板2上下分布；第一基板1和第二基板2的中部具有容腔，用于容纳金属溶液或合金溶液；本实施例优选第一基板1和第二基板2的中心设置有通孔1-5，第一基板1设置在第二基板2的上方；在第二基板2的下方设置有底板3，底板3贴合并固定在第二基板2的下部，将第二基板2中部的通孔1-5封闭；使第一基板1和第二基板2的中部形成上部开口的容腔，用于盛放待处理的金属或合金溶液；当然，也可以将第二基板2的中部的孔设置为盲孔，以使孔的底部能够封闭。
第一基板1上靠近第二基板2的一侧和或第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有导流槽；第一基板1与第二基板2相互叠加贴合时，导流槽被封闭，形 成导流通道；优选导流通道为圆形截面；当然，也不排除导流通道截面为“U”形，矩形、“O”形等其它形状。
导流通道的一端与容腔连通，另一端与第一基板1和第二基板2的外缘连通，使金属或合金溶液在高速转动时，从第一基板1和第二基板2的外缘甩出，凝结形成粒子。导流通道为多个；多个导流通道沿第一基板1和第二基板2的旋转方向间隔分布；导流通道的数量可以根据需要同时结合第一基板1和第二基板2的大小设置，本实例优选导流通道2～10000条，可以根据第一基板1和第二基板2的大小和实际需要设定。本实施例优选第一基板1为圆形板；优选第二基板2为圆形板。当然，本实施例也不排除第一基板1和\或第二基板2为多边形板；多边形板至少为8边形，优选为边的数量为偶数。
第一基板1上靠近第二基板2的一侧和\或第二基板2上靠近第一基板1的一侧设置有气流槽；第一基板1与第二基板2相互叠加贴合时，第一基板1与第二基板2相互叠加贴合时，气流槽被封闭，形成气流通道；在作业时，第一基板1和第二基板2处于惰性气体的环境中，以保护金属和合金粉末，不被氧化。本实施例优选，第一基板1上靠近第二基板2的一侧设置有气流槽一1-2；第二基板2上靠近第一基板1的一侧设置有气流槽二；第一基板1与第二基板2相互叠加贴合时，气流槽一1-2与气流槽二形成圆形截面的气流通道。气流槽一1-2与气流槽二之间形成气流通道，用于惰性气体的进入；进一步优选，气流通道的直径与导流通道的直径相同。当然，气流通道的直径也可以大于或小于导流通道的直径。气流通道位于导流通道的一侧；气流通道的一端与导流通道连通，另一端与第一基板1和第二基板2的外缘连通，以使气体能够通过导流通道的另一端进入导流通道；当然，本实施例也可以选择在第一基板1或第二基板2上开设气流槽；在第一基板1和第二基板2贴合时，气流槽被封闭，形成气流通道。
驱动机构6与第一基板1和第二基板2传动连接，用于驱动第一基板1和第二基板2转动。驱动机构6可以为电机或马达驱动的变速箱等变速机构；以使第一基板1和第二基板2能够高速旋转。
导流组件在作业时，需要保持在惰性气体的保护环境中，同时需要保持导流组件的温度环境较待处理金属或合金的熔点温度高10℃～50℃，防止其在导流通道中凝结。优选为20℃。导流组件设置在热场中，需要根据金属的熔点温度，调 节热场的温度。
本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置，还包括加热机构7，加热机构7用于给导流组件加热；加热机构7为设置在导流组件的上方和下方的加热板件；以保持导流组件内溶液所需温度。
本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置还包括加热机构7还包括密封腔室8；导流组件置于密封腔室8内，密封腔室8中填充有惰性气体。
作为上述实施例的优选，第一基板1上靠近第二基板2的一侧设置有导流槽一1-1；第二基板2上靠近第一基板1的一侧设置有导流槽二2-1；第一基板1与第二基板2相互叠加贴合时，导流槽一1-1与导流槽二2-1形成圆形截面的导流通道。当然，导流通道的截面也可以为“U”形，矩形、“O”形等其它形状。
本实施例优选导流槽一1-1为截面为半圆形的槽；优选导流槽二2-1为截面为半圆形的槽，使导流槽一1-1与导流槽二2-1贴合时能够形成截面为圆形的导流通道。当然，本实施例也不排除导流槽一1-1和导流槽二2-1的截面为直径相同、圆弧长度不同的弧形，使导流槽一1-1和导流槽二2-1能够相互贴合成圆形的导流通道，以使金属或合金溶液在微小的圆形的导流通道中流动，流出时能够凝结成形态较好的金属或合金粒子。
通过在第一基板1上加工导流槽一1-1，在第二基板2上加工导流槽二2-1，然后将导流槽一1-1和导流槽二2-1进行贴合成导流通道；可以克服目前的加工技术无法加工达到所需要的微小直径的长孔的问题；当然，通过加工导流槽一1-1和导流槽二2-1也可以形成曲线状的导流通道，导流通道使溶液远离旋转中心。本实施例优选导流通道的延伸方向所在的平面与旋转轴垂直；以方便控制溶液通过导流通道的速度。
本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置，改善金属或合金粉末粒子的形态特征，提高金属或合金粉末粒子的一致性。
作为上述实施例的优选，导流组件为多个；多个导流组件相互叠加贴合，并固定。多个导流组件上下叠加，并相互固定设置。导流组件优选为5～20组。
可替代地，在第一基板1的上侧设置有导流槽一1-1，第一基板1的下侧均设置导流槽二2-1；在第二基板2的上侧设置有导流槽一1-1，在第二基板2的下侧 均设置导流槽二2-1，在第一基板1和第二基板2相互贴合固定时，导流槽一1-1和导流槽二2-1相互对应，形成导流通道；在第一基板1的上方设置上封板5，上封板5的下侧设置有导流槽三；上封板5贴合固定在第一基板1的上侧；导流槽三与第一基板1的上侧的导流槽一1-1对应设置，形成圆形的导流通道；
在第二基板2的下方设置有下封板4；在下封板4的上侧设置有导流槽四，下封板4贴合固定在第二基板2的下侧。导流槽四与第二基板2的下侧的导流槽二2-1对应设置，形成圆形的导流通道。多个导流组件形成多层导流通道，可以同时对金属或合金溶液进行处理。进一步优选第一基板1与第二基板2的结构相同。
作为上述实施例的优选，第一基板1的厚度为0.5～2mm；第一基板1为圆形结构；第一基板1的直径为50～500mm；第二基板2的厚度为0.5～2mm；第二基板2为圆形结构；第二基板2的直径为50～500mm；导流通道的内径为500nm～500um；导流通道的内径可以根据需求的颗粒大小进行确定。导流通道的长度为5mm～200mm；
优选第一基板1为为圆形基片，厚度0.5mm～5mm，直径50mm～500mm。第一基板1的直径优选的50mm～300mm。
优选第二基板2为为圆形基片，厚度0.5mm～5mm，直径50mm～500mm。第二基板2的直径优选的50mm～300mm。
导流通道可以为直线状，便于加工。
导流通道也可以为弧形状，可以根据金属或合金溶液在离心力的作用下，在导流通道内的运动特性，设置具有弧度的导流通道，以使金属或合金溶液在导流通道中的不同位置具有预定的运动状态和速度，方便对溶液形态进行控制，且有利用惰性气体的进入。
作为上述实施例的优选，第一基板1和第二基板2上固定地设置有叶片1-4；叶片1-4位于容腔内，用于分隔和搅拌容腔中的溶液。本实施例优选在第一基板1和第二基板2的中部的开孔位置具有隔挡，以形成叶片1-4；在加工时，可以在圆形基板上去除多个扇形部分，形成具有叶片1-4的容腔，有利用溶液的分配均匀和造粒效果。当然，在圆形基板上去除扇形部分时，可以将扇形部分贯穿整个基板，也可以去除预定厚度的扇形部分，以增加结构的强度。
本实施例优选第一基板1为蓝宝石晶体基材、碳化硅晶体基材、陶瓷基材、高温合金基材、高纯石墨基材中的一种；优选蓝宝石材质；第二基板2为蓝宝石晶体基材、碳化硅晶体基材、陶瓷基材、高温合金基材、高纯石墨基材中的一种；优选蓝宝石材质，耐高温、耐腐蚀、热传导好、透明、价格适中，具有大规模加工的基础，且方便观察和监测，例如，可以通过高速摄像机记录导流通道内金属或合金溶液的运动状态，以方便分析研究和参数设定，比如电机的转速设定，以及导流通道的弧度设定等方面。
本发明的实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置金属或合金材料熔融流体在导流组件的导流通道中通过高速离心力的作用，以液滴的形式甩出，在连续的降温和惰性保护气体对金属或合金熔体颗粒进行快速降温。工艺简单、过程连续，制备得到的金属或合金粒径、形貌一致性好、无团聚，粒子产率高、成本低、批次产品一致性好，结果重复稳定。通过改变微通道通道的内径、长度等参数，可生产不同粒径的微米、纳米粒子。
作为上述实施例的优选，气流通道上与导流通道连接的端部，气流通道的延伸方向与导流通道中的溶液的流向的夹角为锐角，以使气流通道中的气体在导流通道中溶液流动时，能够充入导流通道。
另一方面，参考图7，本发明实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的方法，包括以下步骤，
S10将金属或合金溶液注入导流组件的中部的容腔内；可以将金属或合金在坩埚中加热熔融，金属溶液或合金溶液处于惰性气体保护中。熔液经加压或自重由保温加热管道流入容腔，
S20导流组件旋转，金属或合金溶液在离心力的作用下，通过导流组件上的导流通道朝远离旋转轴的方向流动；导流组件的旋转速度可以根据需要进行调节，通过调节驱动电机的速度来实现。导流组件预先预热至金属或合金熔融温度点以上5℃～50℃，热场功率为保持热场温度恒温的设计。熔融金属或合金流体在离心力的作用下进入导流通道，由于金属或合金熔融流体在500纳米至500微米的微通道中，表面张力的作用大于其他作用力，熔融金属或合金流体会形成大小均一 的液滴，液滴在离心力的作用下甩出导流通道，在低温保护气体下快速凝结。
S30溶液向远离旋转轴的方向流动时，旋转半径增加，进而转速增加，使离心力增加，在导流通道中，离旋转中心较远的溶液与较近的溶液具有压力差，进而形成负压；同时，在导流通道负压的作用下，保护气体通过气流通道进入导流通道，对导流通道内的溶液形成分隔；
S40分隔后的溶液从导流通道的端部流出，凝结成金属或合金颗粒。从导流通道流出溶液滴在降落过程中，经由低温惰性气体降温快速凝结成固体颗粒，形成金属或合金颗粒。
本发明实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的方法，可以对金属或合金溶液连续造粒，不仅可以改善金属或合金粉末粒子的形态特征，提高金属或合金粉末粒子的一致性，而且可以提升造粒的效率。
作为上述实施例的优选，导流通道的内径为500nm～500um；导流通道的内径可以根据需求的颗粒大小进行确定。导流通道为直线状或弧形状；导流组件为蓝宝石材质，耐高温，耐腐蚀，且方便观察和监测，例如，可以通过高速摄像机记录导流通道内金属或合金溶液的运动状态，以方便分析研究和参数设定，比如导流组件的转速设定，以及导流通道的弧度设定等方面。
本发明实施例提供一种制备金属或合金粉末的方法，采用上述的一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置进行作业。
进一步说明，虽然术语第一、第二等在本文中可以用于描述各种元件，但是这些术语不应该限制这些元件。这些术语仅用于区别一个元件与另一元件。例如，第一元件可以被称为第二元件，并且，类似地，第二元件可以被称为第一元件，这些术语仅用于区别一个元件与另一元件。这没有脱离示例性实施例的范围。类似地，元件一、元件二也不代表元件的顺序，这些术语仅用于区别一个元件与另一元件。如本文所用，术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任意结合和所有结合。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，包括:至少一个导流组件和驱动机构；
    所述导流组件包括：第一基板和第二基板；
    所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合，并固定；
    所述第一基板和所述第二基板上下分布；
    所述第一基板和所述第二基板的中部具有容腔，用于容纳金属溶液或合金溶液；
    所述第一基板上靠近所述第二基板的一侧和\或所述第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有导流槽；
    所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合时，所述导流槽被封闭形成导流通道；
    所述导流通道的一端与所述容腔连通，另一端与所述第一基板和所述第二基板的外缘连通；
    所述导流通道为多个；多个所述导流通道沿所述第一基板和所述第二基板的旋转方向间隔分布；
    所述第一基板上靠近所述第二基板的一侧和\或所述第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有气流槽；所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠加贴合时，所述气流槽被封闭，形成气流通道；
    所述气流通道位于所述导流通道的一侧；所述气流通道的一端与所述导流通道连通，另一端与所述第一基板和所述第二基板的外缘连通，以使气体能够通过所述导流通道的另一端进入所述导流通道；
    所述驱动机构与所述第一基板和所述第二基板传动连接，用于驱动所述第一基板和所述第二基板转动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，
    所述导流组件为多个；多个所述导流组件相互叠加贴合，并固定。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一基板上靠近所述第二基板的一侧设置有气流槽一；所述第二基板上靠近所述第一基板的一侧设置有气流槽二；所述第一基板与所述第二基板相互叠 加贴合时，所述气流槽一与所述气流槽二形成圆形截面的气流通道。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一基板的厚度为0.5～2mm；
    所述第一基板为圆形结构；所述第一基板的直径为50～500mm；
    所述第二基板的厚度为0.5～2mm；
    所述第二基板为圆形结构；所述第二基板的直径为50～500mm；
    所述导流通道的内径为500nm～500um；
    所述导流通道为直线状或弧形状。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，
    所述第一基板和所述第二基板上固定地设置有叶片；所述叶片位于所述容腔内，用于分隔和搅拌所述容腔中的溶液。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，
    所述导流组件为蓝宝石晶体基材、碳化硅晶体基材、陶瓷基材、高温合金基材、高纯石墨基材中的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的制备金属或合金粉末的装置，其特征在于，
    所述导流组件为蓝宝石材质。
  8. 一种制备金属或合金粉末的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤，
    S10将金属或合金溶液注入导流组件的中部的容腔内；
    S20导流组件旋转，金属或合金溶液在离心力的作用下，通过导流组件上的导流通道朝远离旋转轴的方向流动；
    S30溶液向远离旋转轴的方向流动时，离心力增加，在导流通道中形成负压；同时，在导流通道负压的作用下，保护气体通过气流通道进入导流通道，对导流通道内的溶液形成分隔；
    S40分隔后的溶液从导流通道的端部流出，凝结成金属或合金颗粒。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备金属或合金粉末的方法，其特征在于，
    所述导流通道的内径为500nm～500um；
    所述导流通道为直线状或弧形状；
    所述导流组件为蓝宝石晶体基材、碳化硅晶体基材、陶瓷基材、高温合金基 材、高纯石墨基材中的一种。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制备金属或合金粉末的方法，其特征在于
    所述导流组件的作业环境温度，较待处理金属或合金的熔点温度高10℃～50℃。
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