WO2021027760A1 - Système de craquage et processus de craquage - Google Patents

Système de craquage et processus de craquage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021027760A1
WO2021027760A1 PCT/CN2020/108124 CN2020108124W WO2021027760A1 WO 2021027760 A1 WO2021027760 A1 WO 2021027760A1 CN 2020108124 W CN2020108124 W CN 2020108124W WO 2021027760 A1 WO2021027760 A1 WO 2021027760A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cracking
cylinder
gas
combustion
cavity
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PCT/CN2020/108124
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
江艳存
王贵山
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招远市汇潮新能源科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2021027760A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021027760A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B43/00—Preventing or removing incrustations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/08—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined externally heated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of organic matter cracking technology, in particular to a cracking system.
  • the invention also relates to a cracking process based on the cracking system.
  • Cracking equipment is a common production equipment in the field of organic energy regeneration. It is used to heat and crack organic solid wastes such as domestic waste, sludge, sludge, biomass (straw), coal chemical industry, petrochemical industry, and general industry to obtain the required materials. , Such as combustible gas, tar, charcoal, etc.
  • the existing cracking equipment mainly includes a cracking cylinder and a combustion cylinder.
  • the combustion cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the cracking cylinder.
  • the cracking cylinder rotates relative to the fixed combustion cylinder.
  • the organic material rolls and moves in the cracking cylinder.
  • the heat generated by the combustion cylinder passes through the cracking.
  • the barrel wall of the barrel transmits the organic material in the cracking barrel.
  • the heat transfer efficiency of the cracking equipment is low, which is not conducive to the cracking of organic matter.
  • the combustion cylinder obtains heat by burning a large amount of non-renewable energy materials, which
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cracking system to improve heat transfer efficiency and reduce costs.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cracking process based on the cracking system to improve heat transfer efficiency and reduce costs.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a cracking system comprising a cracking furnace, the cracking furnace comprising a cracking tube and a combustion tube, the combustion tube is sealed on the outer periphery of the cracking tube, and the cracking tube rotates relative to the fixed combustion tube It also includes a gas communication cavity arranged in the cracking cylinder and isolated from the inside of the cracking cylinder, the gas communicating cavity is in communication with the combustion cylinder, and is used to introduce the heating gas of the combustion cylinder into the In the gas communication cavity, the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity is used to transfer heat to the material in the cracking cylinder; the combustible gas generated in the cracking cylinder is connected to the combustion cylinder through a combustible gas delivery pipeline Inside.
  • the outlet of the combustible gas delivery pipeline is connected to a position of the combustion cylinder close to the discharge end of the cracking cylinder.
  • the cracking system further includes a gas leakage collecting device arranged at the inlet port of the cracking cylinder, for collecting the combustible gas leaking from the inlet port; the gas leakage collecting device passes through the gas leakage
  • the conveying pipeline is in communication with the combustion cylinder and is used to pass the leaked combustible gas into the combustion cylinder.
  • the solid waste generated by cracking in the cracking cylinder is connected to the combustion cylinder for combustion through a solid conveying pipeline.
  • the outlet of the solid conveying pipe is connected to a position of the combustion cylinder close to the discharge end of the cracking cylinder.
  • a gas storage tank arranged on the combustible gas delivery pipeline is further included for storing combustible gas.
  • the cracking system further includes a combustible gas purification device arranged on the combustible gas delivery pipeline, and the combustible gas purification device is arranged upstream of the gas storage tank for purifying the combustible gas.
  • the above cracking system further includes a condensing device, the condensing device is in communication with the outlet of the gas storage tank, and is used to condense the combustible gas into a liquid state.
  • the above-mentioned cracking system further includes a drying conveyor, the material outlet of the drying conveyor is connected to the inlet of the cracking cylinder, and the organic solid waste is dried and transported to the cracking cylinder.
  • the exhaust gas outlet of the combustion cylinder is in communication with the gas inlet of the drying chamber of the drying conveyor.
  • the drying conveyor is arranged obliquely, the discharge end of the drying conveyor is higher than the feeding end, and the drying chamber gas inlet is arranged near the drying conveyor. The position of the discharge end.
  • the above-mentioned cracking system further includes a tail gas treatment device, which is connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the combustion cylinder for purifying the exhaust gas and then discharging it.
  • a tail gas treatment device which is connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the combustion cylinder for purifying the exhaust gas and then discharging it.
  • the above-mentioned cracking system it further includes an exhaust gas treatment device, which is connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the combustion cylinder and/or the drying chamber gas outlet of the drying conveyor for purifying exhaust gas. emission.
  • an exhaust gas treatment device which is connected with the exhaust gas outlet of the combustion cylinder and/or the drying chamber gas outlet of the drying conveyor for purifying exhaust gas. emission.
  • the exhaust gas treatment equipment includes any one or a combination of a dust removal device, a sulfur removal device, and an organic waste gas removal device.
  • a tearing machine is also included for pulverizing organic solid waste.
  • the above-mentioned cracking system further includes a waste discharge device, and the inlet of the waste discharge device is in communication with the waste outlet of the combustion cylinder.
  • an observation port, an ignition port, a gas inlet, an exhaust gas outlet, and a waste outlet are provided on the barrel of the combustion cylinder.
  • the above cracking system it further includes a temperature sensor and/or a pressure sensor arranged in the combustion cylinder and/or the cracking cylinder.
  • the two ends of the combustion cylinder and the outer cylinder wall of the pyrolysis cylinder are connected by a contact friction type rotary sealing connection.
  • the gas communication cavity is one or more groups of spiral structure cavities, the spiral structure cavities spirally extend along the axial direction of the cracking cylinder, and the spiral structure cavity
  • the side wall of the pyrolysis cylinder and the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder form a spiral material channel.
  • one or more communicating holes are formed on the wall of the spiral structure cavity which is attached to or shared by the pyrolysis cylinder, and the plurality of communicating holes are arranged along the spiral direction.
  • the spiral structure cavity is an annular spiral structure cavity, and there is a radial distance between the inner ring of the annular spiral structure cavity and the axis of the pyrolysis cylinder.
  • it further comprises a lifting plate arranged on the outer wall of the cracking cylinder and located in the combustion cylinder.
  • the hoisting plate surface of the hoisting plate is inclined toward the feed end of the cracking cylinder, so that the transfer direction of the energy substance in the combustion cylinder is the same as that in the cracking cylinder.
  • the organic solid waste moves in the opposite direction.
  • the above-mentioned cracking system further includes a carbon stripping device arranged in the cracking cylinder.
  • the carbon stripping device touches the carbon generated by the cracking of the solid organic matter surface, and the carbon Peel it off.
  • the carbon stripping device is an oscillating member suspended in the pyrolysis cylinder and/or a protrusion arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis cylinder, the oscillating member and the protrusion Used to collide with the surface of solid organic matter.
  • the swinging member is any one or a combination of a chain, a strip, and a rope.
  • a material turning-out mechanism is provided in the pyrolysis cylinder near the discharge end.
  • the turning-out mechanism includes a plurality of V-shaped turning plates or arc-shaped turning plates arranged in a circumferential direction and fixed on the inner wall of the cracking cylinder, so The direction of the concave angle of the V-shaped turning plate and the direction of the inner concave surface of the arc-shaped turning plate are the same as the rotation direction of the cracking cylinder, and one end of the V-shaped turning plate and the arc-shaped turning plate is connected to The inner end surface of the discharging end of the cracking cylinder is fixed, and the other end is a free end.
  • the material turning-out mechanism further includes baffles arranged at the concave corners of the V-shaped turning plate and the inner recess of the arc-shaped turning plate for carrying materials.
  • the present invention also provides a cracking process. Based on the cracking system described in any one of the above, the heated gas of the combustion cylinder enters the gas communication cavity located in the cracking cylinder, and passes through the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder and the gas The cavity wall of the communicating cavity transfers heat with the organic solid waste in the cracking cylinder; part of the combustible gas generated by the cracking in the cracking cylinder is passed into the combustion cylinder for combustion.
  • the method further includes collecting the combustible gas leaking at the inlet port of the cracking cylinder and passing it into the combustion cylinder for combustion.
  • the solid waste generated by cracking in the cracking cylinder is passed into the combustion cylinder for combustion.
  • it further includes condensing the combustible gas produced by cracking the cracking cylinder into a liquid state.
  • the waste gas generated by the combustion cylinder is directly treated and discharged or passed into a drying conveyor to dry the organic solid waste and then subjected to waste gas treatment and discharge.
  • the cracking furnace includes a cracking cylinder and a combustion cylinder.
  • the cracking cylinder rotating relative to the combustion cylinder is provided with a gas communication cavity isolated from the inside of the cracking cylinder.
  • the gas communication cavity is connected with the combustion cylinder for
  • the heating gas of the combustion cylinder is introduced into the gas communication cavity.
  • the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity is used for heat transfer with the materials in the cracking cylinder.
  • the combustible gas generated in the cracking cylinder is connected to the combustion cylinder through the combustible gas delivery pipeline. .
  • the heating gas of the combustion cylinder of the present application is introduced into the gas communicating cavity, and the cavity wall of the gas communicating cavity greatly increases the inside of the cracking barrel.
  • the heat transfer area allows the material and gas to communicate with the cavity wall of the cavity and the inner cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder to conduct contact heat transfer at the same time, which improves the heat transfer efficiency and the utilization rate of heat energy and is more conducive to the cracking reaction.
  • the combustible gas generated in the cracking cylinder is connected to the combustion cylinder through the combustible gas delivery pipeline for combustion, which can partially replace energy materials, thereby reducing the consumption of energy materials and reducing costs.
  • the cracking process provided by the present invention adopts the cracking system in the present application.
  • the heated gas of the combustion cylinder enters the gas communication cavity located in the cracking cylinder, and the wall of the cracking cylinder and the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity are connected to the cracking cylinder.
  • Organic solid waste heat transfer improves heat transfer efficiency and heat energy utilization; part of the combustible gas produced by cracking in the cracking cylinder is passed into the combustion cylinder to burn, and part of it replaces energy materials, thereby reducing the consumption of energy materials and reducing costs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a second cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a third cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a tearing machine of a cracking system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic front view of a cracking furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of a cracking furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the wall structure of a cracking cylinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an axial cross-sectional structure of a cracking cartridge provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic side view of a combustion cylinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic front view of a combustion cylinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic front view of another cracking furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic side view of the cracking furnace in Figure 14;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of a lifting plate of a cracking furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of a carbon stripping device of a cracking furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the layout structure of another carbon stripping device of a cracking furnace provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is the cracking cylinder
  • 2 is the combustion cylinder
  • 21 is the gas inlet and outlet
  • 22 is the observation port
  • 23 is the ignition port
  • 24 is the waste outlet
  • 3 is the gas communication cavity
  • 4 is the communication hole
  • 5 is the spiral material channel
  • 6 is the turning-out mechanism
  • 61 is the V-shaped turning plate
  • 62 is the baffle
  • 7 is the combustible gas delivery pipe
  • 8 is the combustible gas purification device
  • 9 is the suction and pressure device
  • 10 is the gas storage tank
  • 12 is the leak collection device
  • 13 is the leak transportation pipeline
  • 14 is the drying conveyor
  • 15 is the waste gas conveying pipeline
  • 16 is the waste gas treatment device
  • 17 is the waste discharge device
  • 18 is the tearing machine
  • 19 is a lifting plate
  • 191 is a bent part
  • 192 is a leakage gap
  • 20 is a carbon stripping device
  • 201 is a swinging member
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a cracking system, which improves the heat transfer efficiency and reduces the cost.
  • the invention also provides a cracking process based on the cracking system, which improves the heat transfer efficiency and reduces the cost.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a cracking system, including a cracking furnace.
  • the cracking furnace includes a cracking cylinder 1 and a combustion cylinder 2.
  • the combustion cylinder 2 is sealed and sleeved on the periphery of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the cracking cylinder 1 The combustion cylinder 2 is relatively fixedly arranged in a rotating motion; the cracking furnace also includes a gas communication cavity 3 arranged in the cracking cylinder 1 and isolated from the inside of the cracking cylinder 1, and the gas communication cavity 3 is connected with the combustion cylinder 2 for burning
  • the heating gas of the cylinder 2 is introduced into the gas communication cavity 3, and the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 3 is used for heat transfer with the materials in the cracking cylinder 1; the combustible gas generated in the cracking cylinder 1 is connected through the combustible gas delivery pipeline 7 To the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the organic solid waste enters the pyrolysis cylinder 1 from the feed port 11.
  • the pyrolysis cylinder 1 rotates slowly, and the material slides and moves along the cylinder wall in the pyrolysis cylinder 1
  • the heat in the combustion cylinder 2 is transferred to the cracking cylinder 1 through the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder 1, and the material contacts the cylinder wall during the process of sliding down in the cracking cylinder 1 and transfers heat.
  • the heating gas of the combustion cylinder 2 Introduced into the gas communication cavity 3 the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 3 contacts the material to transfer heat, and the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 3 radiates heat into the cracking cylinder 1, which is compared with the existing The material in the cracking drum 1 is heated only by the wall of the cracking drum.
  • the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 3 greatly increases the heat transfer area inside the cracking drum 1 and improves the heat transfer efficiency and heat utilization rate. It is conducive to the rapid progress of the cracking reaction and saves the reaction time.
  • the combustible gas generated by the cracking in the cracking cylinder 1 can be transported to the combustion cylinder 2 through the combustible gas delivery pipeline 7 for combustion, and part of the external energy is replaced by the combustible gas generated by the cracking furnace itself. Material, thereby reducing costs.
  • the outlet of the combustible gas delivery pipeline 7 is connected to the position of the combustion cylinder 2 close to the discharge end of the cracking cylinder 1, so that the transfer direction of the heat generated by the combustion of combustible gas is consistent with the material in the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the transfer direction is opposite, thereby improving the utilization of heat.
  • the cracking system further includes a gas storage tank 10 arranged on the combustible gas delivery pipeline 7 for storing combustible gas, and the combustible gas produced by cracking is sent through the suction and pressure device 9 Store in the gas storage tank 10.
  • a part of the combustible gas stored in the gas storage tank 10 can be used to pass into the combustion cylinder 2 for combustion or as a combustion-supporting agent.
  • the cracking system further includes a combustible gas purification device 8 arranged on the combustible gas delivery pipeline 7, and the combustible gas purification device 8 is arranged upstream of the gas storage tank 10 for purifying the combustible gas.
  • the fuel gas is purified before entering the gas storage tank 10.
  • the cracking system further includes a gas leak collecting device 12 arranged at the feed port 11 of the cracking cylinder 1, for collecting the combustible gas leaking from the feed port 11;
  • the device 12 communicates with the combustion cylinder 2 through a leak gas delivery pipeline 13, and is used to pass the leaked combustible gas into the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the leakage gas collection device 12 is preferably a negative pressure collection device.
  • the leakage gas is collected
  • the device 12 collects the leaked combustible gas and passes it into the combustion cylinder 2 for combustion, which not only solves the hazard of gas leakage, but also recycles the leaked gas.
  • the leakage gas collection device 12 is not required.
  • the solid waste generated by cracking in the cracking cylinder 1 is connected to the combustion cylinder 2 for combustion through a solid conveying pipe. Since some of the solid waste generated after the cracking of the organic solid waste in the cracking drum 1 can be burned, the solid waste produced in the cracking drum 1 is connected to the combustion drum 2 through a solid conveying pipe for combustion, thereby further replacing The external energy material is further reduced, and the cost is further reduced.
  • both ends of the solid conveying pipe are respectively communicated with the discharge port of the cracking cylinder 1 and the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the outlet of the solid conveying pipe is connected to the position of the combustion cylinder 2 close to the discharge end of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the movement direction of the solid waste entering the combustion cylinder 2 in the combustion cylinder 2 is opposite to the movement direction of the material in the cracking cylinder 1, thereby further improving the utilization rate of heat.
  • the outlet of the solid conveying pipe can also be arranged at other positions of the combustion tube 2 as long as the solid waste can be passed into the combustion tube 2.
  • the cracking system further includes a condensing device, which communicates with the outlet of the gas storage tank 10, and is used to condense the combustible gas into a liquid state. Except that the combustible gas in the gas storage tank 10 can be passed into the combustion cylinder 2, most of the combustible gas is condensed into liquid combustibles by a condensing device, which serves as a liquid energy substance. Of course, the combustible gas can also be stored in the gas storage tank 10 as a gaseous energy material.
  • the cracking system further includes a drying conveyor 14.
  • the material outlet of the drying conveyor 14 is connected to the inlet port 11 of the cracking cylinder 1 for drying the organic solid waste and transporting it to the cracking In the tube 1. Since organic solid waste has a certain amount of moisture, it is not conducive to heating and pyrolysis if it is directly passed into the pyrolysis cylinder 1. Therefore, before the organic solid waste enters the pyrolysis cylinder 1, it is dried by the drying conveyor 14 and transported at the same time. To the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the exhaust gas outlet 25 of the combustion cylinder 2 is in communication with the gas inlet of the drying chamber of the drying conveyor 14.
  • the organic solid waste in the drying conveyor 14 is heated and dried by the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the combustion cylinder 2, thereby recycling the waste heat of the exhaust gas, without additional energy consumption for heating the organic solid waste, and improving the heat utilization rate.
  • the drying conveyor 14 is arranged obliquely, the discharge end of the drying conveyor 14 is higher than the feeding end, and the drying chamber gas inlet is arranged at a position of the drying conveyor 14 close to the discharge end.
  • the heating exhaust gas passes through the drying chamber from top to bottom, so that the heating exhaust gas fills the entire drying chamber, and the flow direction of the exhaust gas is opposite to the transfer direction of the organic solid waste, which further improves the heat transfer efficiency and heat utilization rate.
  • the cracking system further includes a tail gas treatment device 16, which is connected to the exhaust gas outlet 25 of the combustion cylinder 2 for purifying the exhaust gas and then discharging it.
  • the exhaust gas treatment equipment 25 and the exhaust gas outlet 25 of the combustion cylinder 2 and/or the drying conveyor 14 The gas outlet of the drying chamber is connected to the exhaust gas after purification.
  • the exhaust gas treatment equipment 16 is any one or a combination of a dust removal device, a sulfur removal device, and an organic waste gas removal device.
  • the exhaust gas is subjected to dust removal treatment by the dust removal device, the exhaust gas is subjected to the sulfur removal treatment by the sulfur removal device, and the organic components in the exhaust gas are removed by the organic waste gas removal device.
  • the cracking system further includes a waste discharge device 17, and the inlet of the waste discharge device 17 is in communication with the waste outlet 24 of the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the waste residue from the combustion in the combustion cylinder 2 enters the waste discharge device 17 through the waste outlet 24, and the waste residue discharge device 17 cools the waste residue and discharges it.
  • the pyrolysis system also includes a tearing machine 18 for pulverizing organic solid waste. Due to the large size of some organic solid waste, it is not conducive to enter the pyrolysis cylinder 1 for direct pyrolysis. Therefore, the organic solid waste is crushed into small-size materials by the tearing machine 18.
  • the tearing machine 18 mainly includes a motor, two tearing gears, and a transmission component. The motor drives the tearing gears to engage with each other through the transmission component, and pulverize the organic solid waste placed between the two tearing gears.
  • an observation port 22, an ignition port 23, a gas inlet 21, an exhaust gas outlet 25 and a waste outlet 24 are provided on the cylinder of the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the combustion cylinder 2 is used to burn energy materials, such as liquid energy materials, solid energy materials, etc.
  • the heated gas generated enters the gas communication cavity 3 through the communication hole 4 on the wall of the cracking cylinder 1, and the remaining waste after combustion
  • the combustion cylinder 2 is discharged through the waste outlet 24.
  • the gas inlet 21 is used to pass the combustible gas in the cracking cylinder 1 into the combustion cylinder 2, and the exhaust gas outlet 25 is used to discharge the exhaust gas in the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the ignition port 23 is used to ignite the energy substance in the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the observation port 22 is used to observe the combustion situation in the combustion cylinder 2.
  • the pyrolysis system further includes a temperature sensor and/or pressure sensor arranged in the combustion cylinder 2 and/or the pyrolysis cylinder 1, and the temperature in the combustion cylinder 2 and/or the pyrolysis cylinder 1 is detected by the temperature sensor.
  • the sensor detects the pressure in the combustion cylinder 2 and/or the cracking cylinder 1, and then controls the cracking reaction manually or automatically according to the detected temperature and pressure.
  • the two ends of the combustion cylinder 2 and the outer cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder 1 are connected by a contact friction type rotary sealing connection. Since the cracking cylinder 1 rotates slowly, the rotating and sealing connection of the burning cylinder 2 and the cracking cylinder 1 can be realized by a simple rotating structure. In order to improve the structural strength of the rotating seal part, the wall thickness of the cracking cylinder 1 is increased at the position where the cracking cylinder 1 contacts and rubs with the combustion cylinder 2. Of course, the combustion cylinder 2 and the cracking cylinder 1 can also be connected in a rotary sealing manner through other rotary sealing structures.
  • the gas communication cavity 3 is a continuous cavity structure or a plurality of separate cavity structures.
  • a continuous cavity structure is in gas communication with the combustion cylinder 2, or multiple separate cavity structures are in gas communication with the combustion cylinder 2, as long as the heating gas in the combustion cylinder 2 can be introduced into the gas communication cavity 3. , In order to increase the heat transfer area in the cracking cylinder 1 to realize the multi-directional heating of the material.
  • the shape and size of the cavity structure are not limited, and can be any shape, such as a strip cavity structure or a block shape.
  • the cavity structure, special-shaped cavity structure, etc. can also be arbitrarily arranged in the pyrolysis cylinder 1, such as along the axial and transverse directions of the pyrolysis cylinder 1, as long as the materials can circulate in the pyrolysis cylinder 1 and pass through the cavity structure. Just hot.
  • the gas communication cavity 3 and the combustion cylinder 2 maintain gas communication through a communication hole 4 opened in the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the communication hole 4 can allow the heating gas in the combustion cylinder 2 to enter the gas communication cavity 3, and minimize or avoid the solid or liquid materials in the combustion cylinder 2 from entering the gas communication cavity 3 through the communication hole 4, because the combustion cylinder 2 It is fixedly arranged. Therefore, solid or liquid materials usually stay at the bottom of the combustion tube 2 and cannot easily enter the communication hole 4, while the heating gas in the combustion tube 2 can diffuse and flow through the communication hole 4 into the gas communication cavity 3, thereby This further ensures that the heating gas circulates better in the gas communication cavity 3 for heat transfer.
  • the communicating holes 4 can be of any shape, such as circular, rectangular, elliptical, quincunx, etc., as long as it facilitates the passage of gas.
  • the size of is determined according to the heating demand. If the heating demand is large, a larger communicating hole 4 can be provided to ensure sufficient circulation of heating gas. On the contrary, a smaller communicating hole 4 can be provided.
  • the number of communicating holes 4 is also set according to the heating demand. The larger the number of communicating holes 4, the smoother the circulation of the heating gas in the gas communication cavity 3 and the faster the heating speed. Otherwise, the slower the heating speed, but at the same time It is ensured that the solid and liquid materials in the combustion cylinder 2 are prevented from entering the gas communication cavity 3 as much as possible.
  • one side of the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 3 is fixed or shared with the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1, that is, the gas communicating cavity 3 is seated and fixed on the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the side wall of the gas communication cavity 3 used for seating may be an independent cavity wall, or it may be shared with the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the communication hole 4 is opened on the cylinder wall where the gas communication cavity 3 and the cracking cylinder 1 are attached or shared, and the gas communication cavity 3 and the combustion cylinder 2 maintain gas communication through the communication hole 4.
  • the material in the pyrolysis cylinder 1 can slide down along the cylinder wall in the pyrolysis cylinder 1, increasing the cavity wall connected to the gas cavity 3
  • the opportunity to contact heat transfer slows down the speed of material movement, thereby further improving heat transfer efficiency.
  • the gas communication cavity 3 can also be suspended in the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity 3 does not contact the inner cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder 1, but is suspended and fixed through a supporting structure.
  • the gas communication cavity 3 communicates with the communication hole 4 on the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder 1 through a communication pipe to realize gas communication.
  • the gas communication cavity 3 is preferably one or more sets of spiral structure cavities, and the spiral structure cavities spiral along the axial direction of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the side wall of the spiral structure cavity and the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder 1 form a spiral material channel 5.
  • Multiple groups of spiral structure cavities are arranged along the axial direction of the cracking cylinder 1 to form a continuous spiral material channel 5.
  • a spiral gas channel is formed inside the cavity. After being arranged in this way, the spiral structure cavity can make full use of the space in the cracking cylinder 1, providing radial and axial heat convection, heat conduction, and heat radiation channels between the cracking cylinder 1 and the combustion cylinder 2, and greatly increase the heat transfer area.
  • the pyrolysis cylinder 1 can be placed horizontally, and it is not necessary to set the feed end higher than the discharge end obliquely.
  • the material moves in the spiral material channel 5
  • the material is always in contact with the side wall of the spiral structure cavity and the wall of the cracking cylinder 1 to transfer heat, and the running path of the material is extended, and the retention of the material in the cracking cylinder 1 is improved. Time enables the materials to be fully heated, which further improves the heat transfer efficiency and is more conducive to the cracking reaction.
  • the feed end of the pyrolysis cylinder 1 is inclined to be higher than the discharge end, and the weight of the material and the pyrolysis cylinder 1 are used.
  • the rotation realizes the automatic movement of materials.
  • one or more communicating holes 4 are opened on the wall of the spiral structure cavity which is attached to or shared with the cracking cylinder 1, and the multiple communicating holes 4 are along the spiral direction.
  • a communicating hole 4 heating gas with a certain pressure in the combustion cylinder 2 is used to enter the spiral structure cavity through the communicating hole 4.
  • a communicating hole 4 is provided in the spiral structure At one end of the cavity, the heating gas gradually fills the whole cavity from one end of the spiral structure cavity.
  • the communicating hole 4 is preferably arranged at the end of the spiral structure cavity close to the discharge end, so that the flow direction of the heating gas is opposite to the direction of material movement to further Improve heat transfer efficiency.
  • the multiple communicating holes 4 are arranged along the spiral direction of the spiral structure cavity.
  • the multiple communicating holes 4 are uniformly distributed to further improve the uniformity of gas heat transfer.
  • the spiral structure cavity is an annular spiral structure cavity, and there is a radial distance between the inner ring of the annular spiral structure cavity and the axis of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the central part of the annular spiral structure cavity forms a hollow area penetrating the axial direction of the cracking cylinder 1, and the gas generated by cracking in the cracking cylinder 1 can circulate through the hollow area more smoothly.
  • the spiral structure cavity may not have a hollow area, and the gas generated by the cracking in the cracking cylinder 1 can also be spirally transported in the spiral material channel 5, but the gas transport path is longer.
  • the difference between the outer ring diameter and the inner ring diameter of the annular spiral structure cavity is greater than 5 cm, and the outer ring diameter of the annular spiral structure cavity is determined according to heating requirements and gas delivery requirements in the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the determination of the difference value needs to ensure the temperature difference between the combustion cylinder 2 and the cracking cylinder 1, so that the material can be fully cracked while avoiding rapid coking.
  • the width between the two side walls of the spiral structure cavity is 1 cm to 100 cm, and the width determines the size of the gas spiral channel inside the spiral structure cavity, which in turn determines the heating capacity The size and heat dissipation area, as well as to ensure the generation of convection and turbulence of the hot air flow. More preferably, the width between the two side walls is about 50 cm.
  • the pitch of the spiral structure cavity is equal pitch or variable pitch, and the pitch is greater than 1 cm.
  • the pitch form and pitch size are determined according to the temperature gradient and carbonization requirements of different axial sections in the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the cracking cylinder 1 is driven to rotate by a driving device.
  • the driving device mainly includes a motor, a reducer, a ring gear, a supporting roller, and a rotating ring.
  • the rotating ring is preferably arranged on the outer circumferences of both ends of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the rotating ring Rotating and supporting by the supporting roller below, the motor is decelerated by the reducer and matched with the ring gear.
  • the ring gear is fixed on the outer circumference of one end of the cracking cylinder 1, and the motor drives the ring gear to rotate, thereby driving the cracking cylinder 1 to rotate.
  • the driving device may also have other structural forms, and is not limited to the forms listed in this embodiment.
  • a material turning-out mechanism 6 is provided in the pyrolysis cylinder 1 near the discharge end.
  • the turning-out lead-out mechanism 6 continuously turns up the materials at the discharge end and guides them to the discharge port along with the rotation of the cracking cylinder 1 to avoid accumulation of materials at the discharge end.
  • the turning-out mechanism 6 includes a plurality of V-shaped turning plates 61 or arc-shaped turning plates that are arranged in the circumferential direction and fixed on the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the direction of the concave angle of the material plate 61 and the direction of the inner concave surface of the arc-shaped turning plate are the same as the rotation direction of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • One end of the V-shaped turning plate 61 and the arc-shaped turning plate are both in the discharge end of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the end face is fixed, and the other end is a free end.
  • the V-shaped turning plate 61 is composed of two plates combined to form a V-shaped structure.
  • V-shaped turning plate 61 Take the V-shaped turning plate 61 as an example for illustration. Its working principle is: as the cracking cylinder 1 rotates, the material continuously enters the inlet end of the V-shaped turning plate 61. Due to the concave angle of the V-shaped turning plate 61 and the cracking The direction of rotation of the cylinder 1 is the same. Therefore, when the V-shaped turning plate 61 moves from low to high, the material on the wall of the cracking cylinder 1 is lifted, so that the material moves toward the discharge end and accumulates at the concave corner.
  • the V-shaped turning plate 61 moves from high to low, the materials accumulated in the concave corners begin to be thrown, and the materials move along a plate of the V-shaped turning plate 61 near the discharge end to the output of the discharge end.
  • the material opening realizes the material turning and exporting.
  • the baffle plate 62 at the recessed corner of the V-shaped turning plate 61 is also provided with a baffle 62 for carrying materials.
  • the baffle 62 can better accumulate materials and lift the materials to a high place for throwing.
  • the inner recess of the arc-shaped turning plate is also provided with a baffle 62 for carrying materials.
  • the cracking furnace further includes a lifting plate 19 arranged on the outer wall of the cracking cylinder 1 and located in the combustion cylinder 2.
  • a lifting plate 19 is provided on the outer wall of the cracking cylinder 1. During the rotation of the cracking cylinder 1, the lifting plate 19 rotates with the cracking cylinder 1, and the lifting plate 19 lifts the energy materials accumulated at the bottom of the combustion cylinder 2. Therefore, the energy materials are diffused and burned in the combustion cylinder 2, which speeds up the combustion speed, increases the combustion range, enables the energy materials to be fully burned, saves energy consumption, and generates heat that can meet the heating demand and improve the combustion efficiency of energy materials. .
  • the hoisting plate surface of the hoisting plate 19 is parallel or inclined to the axial direction of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the hoisting plate surface of the hoisting plate 19 has an increased turning area, which can be more and more
  • the material at the bottom of the combustion cylinder 2 is easily lifted and thrown.
  • the inclined lifting plate 19 can also throw and transfer energy materials in the axial direction, thereby facilitating the transfer of energy materials in the combustion cylinder 2 from the inlet end of the combustion cylinder 2 to the outlet end.
  • the lifting plate surface of the lifting plate 19 is inclined toward the feed end of the cracking cylinder 1 so that the transfer direction of the energy material in the combustion cylinder 2 is opposite to the movement direction of the material in the cracking cylinder 1. That is, the positions of the inlet and outlet ends of the combustion cylinder 2 and the positions of the feed and discharge ends of the pyrolysis cylinder 1 are reversed to each other.
  • This arrangement ensures that the heat generated by the combustion of energy materials in the combustion cylinder 2 and the material absorbed in the pyrolysis cylinder 1 The heat balances each other to improve the utilization rate of heat.
  • the lifting plate surface of the lifting plate 19 can also be inclined toward the discharge end of the cracking cylinder 1, but the heat utilization rate is not as good as the situation listed in this embodiment.
  • the lifting plate 19 extends along the radial direction of the cracking cylinder 1, and this arrangement can reduce the length of the lifting plate 19.
  • this embodiment provides a specific lifting plate 19.
  • the end of the lifting plate 19 is a bending portion 191 that is bent along the rotation direction of the cracking cylinder 1, and the bending portion 191 is easier to remove
  • the energy material accumulated at the bottom of the combustion cylinder 2 is lifted up, and the energy material is temporarily retained in the bending part 191, which is beneficial to lifting and throwing.
  • the lifting plate 19 may also be a straight plate or an arc-shaped plate, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped plate faces the same direction as the rotation direction of the cracking cylinder.
  • the lifting plate 19 is not limited to the structure listed in this embodiment.
  • the bent portion 191 of the lifting plate 19 is provided with a leakage gap 192.
  • the number of the leakage gap 192 can be one, two or more, and the leakage gap 192 is similar to a finger joint.
  • the cracking furnace in this embodiment also includes a carbon stripping device 20 arranged in the cracking cylinder 1.
  • a carbon stripping device 20 With the rotation of the cracking cylinder 1, the carbon stripping device 20 and the solid organic matter in the cracking cylinder 1 The carbon generated by surface cracking touches and peels off the carbon.
  • the reason for the low efficiency of pyrolysis of solid organic matter is that the carbon generated by the surface pyrolysis of solid organic matter has been wrapped on the surface of the solid organic matter, causing the uncracked part of the solid organic matter to not be heated well, thereby affecting The speed of the cracking reaction.
  • the rotary device in this embodiment is working, as the pyrolysis cylinder 1 rotates, the solid organic material rolls and moves in the pyrolysis cylinder 1. The solid organic matter is heated to undergo a cracking reaction, and carbon is first generated on the surface of the solid organic matter.
  • the carbon stripping device 20 touches the carbon on the surface of the solid organic matter, thereby stripping off the carbon on the surface of the solid organic matter, exposing the part of the solid organic matter that has not been cracked, and continuing the cracking. After the cracking, the carbon generated continues to be The carbon stripping device 20 is stripped off, thereby preventing the carbon from being wrapped on the surface of the solid organic matter, rapidly heating the interior of the solid organic matter, accelerating the cracking reaction, and improving the efficiency of cracking organic matter.
  • the carbon stripping device 20 is a swinging member 201 suspended in the cracking cylinder 1 and/or a protrusion 202 provided on the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the swinging member 201 and the protrusion 202 are used to interact with solids.
  • the surface of organic matter collides.
  • the oscillating member 201 is suspended in the pyrolysis cylinder 1.
  • the oscillating member 201 swings in the pyrolysis cylinder 1 as the pyrolysis cylinder 1 rotates.
  • the tumbling solid organic matter collides, and the oscillating member 201 collides the carbon generated by the surface cracking of the solid organic matter.
  • the protrusion 202 is arranged on the inner wall of the pyrolysis cylinder 1.
  • the solid organic material rolls down along the inner wall of the pyrolysis cylinder 1, and the protrusion 202 collides with the surface of the solid organic matter.
  • the carbon generated by the cracking of the solid organic surface is collided.
  • the swinging member 201 and the protrusion 202 greatly increase the probability of collision and falling off of the carbon on the surface of the solid organic matter, thereby improving the efficiency of pyrolysis of the solid organic matter.
  • this embodiment provides a specific swing member 201.
  • the swing member 201 is any one or a combination of a chain 2011, a strip 2012, a rope, etc., that is, the pyrolysis cylinder 1 It is possible to provide only one of the chain 2011, the strip 2012, and the rope, or any two of the chain 2011, the strip 2012, and the rope, etc., are provided in the cracking cylinder 1, or The chain 2011, the strip 2012, the rope, etc. are all arranged in the cracking cylinder 1.
  • the chain 2011 is a chain structure, and the strip 2012 is a long structure; the rope is a metal cable structure, as long as it can be suspended and oscillated in the cracking cylinder 1, the swinging member 201 is parallel It is not limited to the structural forms listed in this embodiment.
  • the protrusions 202 cover the inner wall of the pyrolysis cylinder 1, and the protrusions 202 protrude into the pyrolysis cylinder 1.
  • the shape of the protrusions 202 can be cylindrical, conical, triangular, mushroom, etc., as long as it can treat the carbon on the surface of the solid organic matter. The peeling is sufficient, and it is not limited to the shapes listed in this embodiment.
  • the suspension point of one of the oscillating members 201 is located at the position of the spiral material channel 5 close to the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1
  • the suspension point of the other oscillating member 201 is located at the position of the spiral material channel 5 away from the inner wall of the cracking cylinder 1
  • two adjacent Two swing members 201 are staggered in the circumferential direction, and two adjacent swing members 201 overlap during the swing process.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a cracking process.
  • the heating gas of the combustion cylinder enters the gas communication cavity located in the cracking cylinder, and communicates with the gas through the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder.
  • the cavity wall of the cavity transfers heat to the organic solid waste in the cracking cylinder; part of the combustible gas generated by the cracking in the cracking cylinder is passed into the combustion cylinder and burned.
  • the heating gas of the combustion cylinder enters the gas communication cavity located in the cracking cylinder, heat is transferred to the organic solid waste in the cracking cylinder through the cylinder wall of the cracking cylinder and the cavity wall of the gas communication cavity, which greatly increases the heat transfer area.
  • the heat transfer efficiency and the utilization rate of heat energy are improved; and part of the combustible gas generated by the cracking in the cracking cylinder is burned in the combustion cylinder, which partially replaces energy materials, thereby reducing the consumption of energy materials and reducing costs.
  • the cracking process further includes collecting the combustible gas leaking at the inlet port of the cracking cylinder and passing it into the combustion cylinder for combustion. If there is a small amount of combustible gas leakage at the feed port of the cracking cylinder, the leaked combustible gas is collected and passed into the combustion cylinder for combustion, which not only avoids the hazards of gas leakage, but also recycles the gas leakage.
  • the cracking process further includes passing the solid waste generated by cracking in the cracking cylinder into the combustion cylinder for combustion. Make full use of the solid waste in the cracking cylinder to partially replace external energy materials, further reducing costs.
  • the cracking process further includes condensing the combustible gas generated by the cracking of the cracking cylinder into a liquid state, and condensing the combustible gas into a liquid state for storage and transportation.
  • the cracking process further includes the exhaust gas generated by the combustion cylinder is directly treated and discharged or passed into a drying conveyor to dry the organic solid waste and then the exhaust gas is treated and discharged.
  • the exhaust gas generated by the combustion cylinder is directly treated and discharged or passed into a drying conveyor to dry the organic solid waste and then the exhaust gas is treated and discharged.
  • the waste heat of the exhaust gas is fully recovered and the heat utilization rate is improved.
  • waste gas treatment a colorless, odorless, dust-free and non-toxic gas is obtained, which protects the environment.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de craquage et un processus de craquage. Le système de craquage comprend un four de craquage, le four de craquage comprenant un cylindre de craquage et un cylindre de combustion, avec l'étanchéité du cylindre de combustion et étant emmanché sur la périphérie du cylindre de craquage, et le cylindre de craquage se déplaçant par rapport au cylindre de combustion agencé de manière fixe; le four de craquage comprend en outre une cavité de communication de gaz qui est disposée à l'intérieur du cylindre de craquage et est isolée de l'intérieur du cylindre de craquage, la cavité de communication de gaz étant en communication avec le cylindre de combustion et étant utilisée pour guider un gaz de chauffage dans le cylindre de combustion dans la cavité de communication de gaz, et une paroi de cavité de la cavité de communication de gaz étant utilisée pour effectuer un transfert de chaleur avec des matériaux dans le cylindre de craquage; et un gaz combustible généré dans le cylindre de craquage est en communication avec le cylindre de combustion par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de transport de gaz combustible. Selon la présente invention, le gaz de chauffage du cylindre de combustion est guidé dans la cavité de communication de gaz, et une zone de transfert de chaleur à l'intérieur du cylindre de craquage est considérablement augmentée au moyen de la paroi de cavité de la cavité de communication de gaz, un tel transfert de chaleur des matériaux est effectué, d'une manière de contact, avec la paroi de cavité de la cavité de communication de gaz et la paroi de cylindre interne du cylindre de craquage en même temps, ce qui permet d'améliorer l'efficacité de transfert de chaleur et le taux d'utilisation d'énergie thermique, et de faciliter les performances de la réaction de craquage.
PCT/CN2020/108124 2019-08-14 2020-08-10 Système de craquage et processus de craquage WO2021027760A1 (fr)

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