WO2021012304A1 - 一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置 - Google Patents

一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021012304A1
WO2021012304A1 PCT/CN2019/098602 CN2019098602W WO2021012304A1 WO 2021012304 A1 WO2021012304 A1 WO 2021012304A1 CN 2019098602 W CN2019098602 W CN 2019098602W WO 2021012304 A1 WO2021012304 A1 WO 2021012304A1
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Prior art keywords
temperature control
battery pack
phase change
control device
temperature
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PCT/CN2019/098602
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨晶磊
安金亮
郭晔
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广州市香港科大霍英东研究院
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Publication of WO2021012304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021012304A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/659—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by heat storage or buffering, e.g. heat capacity or liquid-solid phase changes or transition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of power battery packs, in particular to a phase change temperature control device applied to battery packs.
  • lithium-ion batteries As the main form of energy storage for electric vehicles, power batteries directly restrict the power, economy and safety of electric vehicles. Compared with other types of batteries, lithium-ion batteries have strong advantages in terms of energy density, power density, and service life. Therefore, lithium-ion batteries have become the mainstream of current vehicle power batteries. However, its performance, life and safety are closely related to the ambient temperature, and problems will occur when the operating temperature is too high, too low, or the temperature in the battery pack is inconsistent. Therefore, the adaptability of lithium-ion batteries to temperature has become one of the key factors restricting their application in electric vehicles, and at the same time, battery thermal management technology has become a key technology to ensure battery performance, service life and safety. At present, the battery of the power battery pack usually uses 18650 cells, which can work at a temperature of -20°C to 50°C, and the best operating temperature is 20°C-40°C, which is similar to the comfortable temperature of the human body.
  • the current commonly used thermal management methods for power battery packs are as follows: 1. Active air cooling has the advantages of higher heat dissipation capacity and moderate cost, but the disadvantages are low sealing level, uneven temperature field distribution, and low low-temperature startup efficiency; 1. Active liquid cooling has the advantages of higher heat dissipation capacity, high low-temperature startup efficiency, and good sealing. The disadvantages are higher cost and complex structure; 3. Passive air cooling has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and disadvantages in appearance Requires special design, low heat dissipation energy at high temperature, low startup efficiency at low temperature, uneven temperature field distribution; 4. Passive liquid cooling has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, good sealing, high efficiency at low temperature, and the disadvantage is high temperature heat dissipation energy Low; 5. Semiconductor refrigeration has the advantages of high cooling efficiency and simple structure, but the disadvantage is that it cannot cope with the impact of ambient temperature on the battery pack when the battery pack is not working.
  • the prior art mainly aims at the heat dissipation of the battery pack when it is working, but when the battery pack is not working, the battery pack will still receive the rigidity of the external environment temperature, and an excessively high or low environment temperature will affect the life of the battery pack.
  • the winter temperature in the north is often lower than minus 20 °C, in order to ensure that the battery pack is maintained at the best operating temperature, it is necessary to introduce an additional auxiliary heating system.
  • the present invention provides a phase change temperature control device applied to battery packs.
  • the technical solutions adopted are as follows:
  • a phase change temperature control device applied to a battery pack includes a casing in which a number of unit cavities for placing batteries are arranged, and each unit cavity is filled with composite fillers.
  • the composite fillers include thermally conductive silicone grease and phase
  • a temperature control module is arranged on the outer side of the housing with variable material microcapsules and heat-conducting silicone oil, and the temperature control module includes a semiconductor refrigeration sheet.
  • the temperature control module includes an aluminum profile radiator, and the semiconductor refrigeration fin is located between the outer side of the housing and the aluminum profile radiator.
  • thermally conductive gasket is arranged between the aluminum profile radiator and the semiconductor refrigeration sheet.
  • thermally conductive gasket is arranged between the semiconductor refrigeration fin and the outer wall of the housing.
  • thermally conductive gasket is one of graphite paper and thermally conductive silicone sheet.
  • a heat insulation board is arranged on the outside of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet.
  • a temperature sensor is arranged in the housing.
  • the temperature control module includes a fan.
  • the side wall of the casing is a thermally conductive aluminum plate.
  • the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is designed to cooperate with the composite filler for temperature control, through the heat absorption or exotherm of the composite filler phase change process, the temperature is controlled when the battery pack is working, and the environmental temperature is reduced when the battery pack is not working. influences.
  • the temperature control of the battery pack can be carried out by starting the semiconductor refrigeration sheet and the composite filler to work together, thereby flexibly controlling the temperature of the battery pack.
  • the invention has a simple structure and can be widely used in the technical field of thermal management of power battery packs.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a phase change temperature control device
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet and the heat shield.
  • the present invention relates to a phase change temperature control device applied to a battery pack, which comprises a casing 11, and the side wall of the casing 11 is a thermally conductive aluminum plate.
  • a temperature control module is arranged on the outer side of the housing 11, and the temperature control module includes a semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13, and the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 can be selected from one sheet or multiple sheets arranged in an array.
  • a heat insulation board 15 is arranged outside the semiconductor refrigeration fin 13, and the semiconductor refrigeration fin 13 is embedded in the heat insulation board 15.
  • a number of unit cavities 12 for placing batteries are arranged in the casing 11, and each unit cavity 12 is arranged in an array, and each unit cavity 12 is filled with composite filler. After the battery is arranged in the unit cavity 12, the casing 11 becomes a battery pack.
  • thermoelectric refrigeration film also called thermoelectric refrigeration film, is a kind of heat pump. It uses the Peltier effect of semiconductor materials. When direct current passes through a couple of two different semiconductor materials in series, the two ends of the couple can absorb heat and release heat respectively. , Can realize cooling or heating.
  • semiconductor refrigeration fins have the following advantages and characteristics in technical application: 1. It does not require any refrigerant, can work continuously, has no pollution sources, no rotating parts, no rotation effect, no sliding parts, and one This kind of solid piece has no vibration, noise, long life, easy to install, and it can be used in some occasions with limited space, high reliability and no refrigerant pollution; 2.
  • the semiconductor refrigeration piece has two functions, which can be used for cooling. , And can heat, the cooling efficiency is generally not high, but the heating efficiency is very high, always greater than 1, so using one piece can replace the separate heating system and refrigeration system; 3.
  • the semiconductor refrigeration piece is a current transducer type piece, Through the control of the input current, high-precision temperature control can be achieved, coupled with temperature detection and control means, it is easy to realize remote control, program control, and computer control, which is convenient to form an automatic control system; 4.
  • the thermal inertia of the semiconductor refrigeration film is very small, and the cooling The heating time is very fast. When the hot end has good heat dissipation and the cold end is unloaded, the cooling plate can reach the maximum temperature difference in less than one minute; 5.
  • the power of a single cooling element pair of the semiconductor cooling plate is small, but the combination If you use the same type of stacks in series and parallel to form a refrigeration system, the power can be very large, so the cooling power can be in the range of several milliwatts to several kilowatts; 6.
  • Semiconductor refrigeration chip The temperature difference range is wide, from 90°C to -130°C can be realized.
  • the composite filler includes thermally conductive silicone grease, phase change material microcapsules and thermally conductive silicone oil.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermally conductive silicone grease is 1-5W/mK.
  • the phase change material microcapsules can be selected as the core material.
  • the phase change temperature is 10-40°C.
  • One or more of the phase change material microcapsules with an enthalpy of 100-250 J/g, and the thermally conductive silicone oil is one or two of dimethyl silicone oil or phenyl silicone oil.
  • Phase change materials can store or release a large amount of phase change heat when the physical state changes, and the temperature range for phase change is very narrow.
  • the temperature of the material itself remains almost unchanged before the phase change is completed.
  • a large amount of phase change heat is transferred to the environment, a wide temperature platform is generated.
  • the principle is: the heat transfer process of the phase change material Storing energy in the medium, like thermal resistance, can prolong the energy transmission time and reduce the temperature gradient. Since the phase change material uses latent heat to store energy, the heat storage density is large, the heat storage device has a compact structure, and the temperature itself is basically unchanged during the phase change process, which is easy to manage.
  • phase change material microcapsules are used to make composite fillers.
  • the phase change material microcapsule is composed of a shell material and a core material.
  • the core material is an organic phase change material, which is alkane phase change material, fatty acid phase change material, fatty alcohol phase change material, fatty acid ester phase change material
  • the shell material is one of organic material polyurea-formaldehyde, polyurethane, or inorganic material titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide.
  • phase change material microcapsules While maintaining the advantages of phase change heat storage materials, the phase change material microcapsules also help to solve the problems of the flow, phase separation and corrosivity of the phase change heat storage materials.
  • the phase change materials are microencapsulated to fully encapsulate the phase change materials. To protect it, its performance will not be affected by changes in shape and volume during the phase change process.
  • the temperature control module includes an aluminum profile radiator 14, the aluminum profile radiator 14 is installed on the side wall of the housing 11 by screws, and the semiconductor cooling fin 13 is arranged between the outer wall of the housing 11 and the aluminum profile radiator 14.
  • the temperature control module also includes a fan 17.
  • the fan 17 and the aluminum profile radiator 14 are fixed by screws, and the fan 17 promotes the heat dissipation of the heat dissipation fins of the aluminum profile radiator 14.
  • the number of the above-mentioned temperature control modules can be one group or multiple groups.
  • a thermally conductive gasket is arranged between the aluminum profile radiator 14 and the semiconductor refrigeration fin 13, and a thermal conduction gasket is added to the gap between the aluminum profile radiator 14 and the semiconductor refrigeration fin 13 to reduce the interface contact thermal resistance.
  • a thermally conductive gasket is arranged between the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 and the outer wall of the casing 11, and a thermally conductive gasket is added to the gap between the outer wall of the casing 11 and the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 to reduce the interface contact thermal resistance.
  • the thermally conductive gasket is one of graphite paper and thermally conductive silicone sheet, and the thickness of the graphite paper is 0.1mm-2mm.
  • a temperature sensor 16 is arranged in the housing 11, and the temperature sensor 16 is located in the gap of the unit cavity 12.
  • the set temperature of the temperature sensor is 10-35°C.
  • the semiconductor The refrigerating fin 13 does not start, but adjusts the temperature through the heat absorption or exotherm of the phase change process of the composite filler.
  • the semiconductor refrigeration fin 13 starts to work and cooperate with the composite filler to perform temperature control.
  • the temperature control process of the device is as follows:
  • the phase change material in the composite filler changes from solid to liquid, absorbing the heat released by the battery, thereby maintaining the casing 11
  • the temperature is stable.
  • the temperature control module starts to work, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 begins to cool, the side of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 attached to the housing 11 cools and absorbs heat, and the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 is attached to aluminum
  • One side of the profile radiator 14 heats up and releases heat, so as to complete the cooling of the battery pack by the semiconductor refrigeration fin 13 and maintain the battery pack in the optimal operating temperature range.
  • the phase change material in the composite filler changes from liquid to solid, and at the same time releases heat, so that the battery pack can be maintained at a stable temperature for a period of time, and the temperature of the battery pack can be maintained Not too low.
  • the current direction of the temperature control module changes, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 begins to heat, and the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 is attached to the side of the casing 11 The temperature rises and releases heat, and the side of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet 13 that is close to the aluminum profile radiator 14 absorbs heat, thereby heating the battery pack.
  • the cooling function of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is used to quickly cool down or heat the battery pack, and the composite filler acts as a temperature buffer.
  • the composite filler acts as a temperature buffer.
  • the battery pack When the battery pack is working, it can quickly cool down and dissipate heat.
  • the battery pack When the battery pack is in a static state, it provides good temperature control and has a good buffering capacity for environmental temperature changes. It realizes rapid cooling at high temperature, and at the same time has the function of heating at low temperature, with simple structure design, space saving and low cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其包括壳体（11），壳体（11）中布置有若干用于放置电池的单元腔（12），各单元腔（12）之间填充有复合填料，壳体（11）的外侧布置有控温模组，控温模组包括半导体制冷片（13）。设计半导体制冷片（13）与复合填料配合进行温度控制，通过复合填料的吸热或放热可对电池包进行温度控制，通过启动半导体制冷片（13）与复合填料协同工作可对电池包进行温度控制，从而对电池包灵活控温。本方案结构简单，可广泛应用动力电池包热管理技术领域。

Description

一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置
技术领域
本发明涉及动力电池包热管理技术领域，特别涉及一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置。
背景技术
动力电池作为电动汽车主要储能形式，其性能直接制约了电动汽车动力性、经济性和安全性。锂离子电池相比其他类型电池，在能量密度、功率密度和使用寿命等方面具有较强优势，因此锂电池成为目前车用动力电池的主流。但其性能、寿命和安全性均与环境温度密切相关，当工作温度过高、过低，或者电池组内温度不一致时都会产生问题。因此，锂离子电池对温度的适应性成为制约其在电动汽车应用的关键因素之一，同时也使电池热管理技术成为保证电池性能、使用寿命和安全性的关键技术。目前动力电池包的电池通常使用18650电芯，其可以工作的温度-20℃至50℃，最佳工作温度为20℃-40℃，与人体舒适温度相仿。
动力电池包目前常用的热管理方式为以下几种：1、主动风冷方式，其优点在于散热能力较高，成本适中，缺点在于密封等级低，温场分布不均，低温启动效率低；2、主动液冷方式，其优点在于散热能力较高，低温启动效率高，密封好，缺点在于成本较高，结构复杂；3、被动风冷方式，其优点在于结构简单，成本低廉，缺点在于外形需要特殊设计，高温散热能量低，低温启动效率低，温场分布不均；4、被动液冷方式，其优点在于结构简单，成本较低，密封好，低温启动效率高，缺点在于高温散热能量低；5、半导体制冷，其优点在于制冷效率高、结构简单，缺点是无法在电池包不工作时，应对环境温度对电池包的影响。
现有技术中主要是针对电池包工作时的散热，但在电池包不工作时，电池包仍会收到外部环境温度的硬性，过高或过低的环境温度都会影响电池包的寿命。例如，北方的冬季温度常常低于零下20℃，为保障电池包维持在最佳的工作温度则需要引入额外的辅助加热系统。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题，避免过高或过低的温度影响电池的寿命，本发明提供一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置，所采用的技术方案如下：
一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其包括壳体，壳体中布置有若干用于放置电池的单元腔，各单元腔之间填充有复合填料，复合填料包括导热硅脂、相变材料微胶囊和导热硅油，壳体的外侧布置有控温模组，控温模组包括半导体制冷片。
进一步，控温模组包括铝型材散热器，半导体制冷片位于壳体外侧与铝型材散热器之间。
进一步，铝型材散热器与半导体制冷片之间布置有导热垫片。
进一步，半导体制冷片与壳体外壁之间布置有导热垫片。
进一步，导热垫片为石墨纸和导热硅胶片中的一种。
进一步，半导体制冷片的外部布置有隔热板。
进一步，壳体中布置有温度感应器。
进一步，控温模组包括风扇。
进一步，壳体的侧壁为导热铝板。
有益效果：设计半导体制冷片与复合填料配合进行温度控制，通过复合填料相变过程的吸热或放热，在电池包工作时进行温度控制，在电池包不工作时减弱环境温度对电池包的影响。通过启动半导体制冷片与复合填料协同工作可对电池包进行温度控制，从而对电池包灵活控温。本发明结构简单，可广泛应用动力电池包热管理技术领域。
附图说明
图1为相变控温装置的结构示意图；
图2为半导体制冷片与隔热板的断面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合图1至图2对本发明做进一步的说明。
本发明涉及一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其包括壳体11，壳体11的侧壁为导热铝板。壳体11的外侧布置有控温模组，控温模组包括半导体制冷片13，半导体制冷片13可以选用一片，也可以选用呈阵列布置的多片。半导体制冷片13的外部布置有隔热板15，半导体制冷片13嵌入隔热板15。壳体11中布置有若干用于放置电池的单元腔12，各单元腔12阵列布置，各单元腔12之间填充有复合填料。单元腔12中布置电池后，壳体11即成为一电池包。
半导体制冷片也叫热电制冷片，是一种热泵，利用半导体材料的Peltier效应，当直流电通过两种不同半导体材料串联成的电偶时，在电偶的两端即可分别吸收热量和放出热量，可以实现制冷或加热。
半导体制冷片作为特种冷源，在技术应用上具有以下的优点和特点：1、不需要任何制冷剂，可连续工作，没有污染源，没有旋转部件，不会产生回转效应，没有滑动部件，是一种固体片件，工作时没有震动、噪音、寿命长，安装容易，应用在一些空间受到限制，可靠性要求高，无制冷剂污染的场合；2、半导体制冷片具有两种功能，既能制冷，又能加热，制冷效率一般不高，但制热效率很高，始终大于1，因此使用一个片件就可以代替分立的加热系统和制冷系统；3、半导体制冷片是电流换能型片件，通过输入电流的控制，可实现高精度的温度控制，再加上温度检测和控制手段，很容易实现遥控、程控、计算机控制，便于组成自动控制系统；4、半导体制冷片热惯性非常小，制冷制热时间很快，在热端散热良好冷端空载的情况下，通电不到一分钟，制冷片就能达到最大温差；5、半导体制冷片的单个制冷元件对的功率很小，但组合成电堆，用同类型的电堆串、并联的方法组合成制冷系统的话，功率就可以做的很大，因此制冷功率可以做到几毫瓦到几千瓦的范围；6、半导体制冷片的温差范围广，从90℃到-130℃都可以实现。
复合填料包括导热硅脂、相变材料微胶囊和导热硅油，其中导热硅脂的导热系数为1-5W/mK，相变材料微胶囊可选用芯材相变温度为10-40℃，相变焓为100-250J/g的相变材料微胶囊中的一种或几种，导热硅油为二甲基硅油或苯基硅油中的一种或两种。
相变材料在物理状态发生变化时可储存或释放大量的相变热，发生相变的温度范围很窄。物理状态发生变化时，材料自身的温度在相变完成前几乎维持不变，大量相变热转移到环境中时，产生了一个宽的温度平台，其原理是：相变材料在热量的传输过程中将能量储存起来，就像热阻一样可以延长能量传输时间，使温度梯度减小。由于相变材料是利用潜热储能，储热密度大，蓄热装置结构紧凑，并且在相变过程中本身温度基本不变，易于管理。随着全球节能意识的提高，相变材料的这一特性引起了研究人员的重视，相变储热技术在储能领域越来越大放异彩。因此本发明中采用相变材料微胶囊制作复合填料。
相变材料微胶囊由壳材和芯材组成，其中芯材是有机相变材料，其为烷烃类相变材料、脂肪酸类相变材料、脂肪醇类相变材料、脂肪酸酯类相变材料中的至少一种，壳材是有机材料聚脲醛、聚氨酯或无机材料二氧化钛、二氧化硅中的一种。
相变材料微胶囊在保持相变储热材料优点的同时，还有助于解决相变储热材料的流动、相分离及腐蚀性等问题，将相变材料微胶囊化，充分将相变材料保护起来，在相变过程不会因形态、体积等变化而影响其性能。
控温模组包括铝型材散热器14，铝型材散热器14通过螺丝安装在壳体11的侧壁，半导体制冷片13布置在壳体11的外壁与铝型材散热器14之间。
控温模组还包括风扇17，风扇17与铝型材散热器14之间通过螺丝固定，通过风扇17促进铝型材散热器14的散热翅片的散热。
上述控温模组的数量可以为一组，也可以设计为多组。
铝型材散热器14与半导体制冷片13之间布置有导热垫片，通过在铝型材散热器14与半导体制冷片13之间的缝隙添加导热垫片，减小界面接触热阻。半导体制冷片13与壳体11外壁之间布置有导热垫片，通过在壳体11外壁与半导体制冷片13之间的缝隙添加导热垫片，减小界面接触热阻。导热垫片为石墨纸和导热硅胶片中的一种，石墨纸的厚度为0.1mm-2mm。
壳体11中布置有温度感应器16，温度感应器16位于单元腔12的间隙处，温度传感器的设定温度为10-35℃，当壳体11内部温度介于10-35℃时，半导体制冷片13不启动，而是通过复合填料相变过程的吸热或放热进行温度调节。当壳体11内部温度低于10℃或高于35℃时，半导体制冷片13开始工作，与复合填料协同进行温度控制。
该装置的控温过程如下：
1、当电池包工作使得壳体11内部的温度升高，或外部环境温度较高时，复合填料中的相变材料由固态变为液态，吸收电池释放出的热量，从而维持壳体11中温度稳定。当温度达到温度传感器的设定值后，控温模组开始工作，半导体制冷片13开始进行制冷，半导体制冷片13上贴向壳体11的一面降温吸热，半导体制冷片13上贴向铝型材散热器14的一面升温放热，从而完成半导体制冷片13对电池包的冷却降温，使电池包维持在最佳工作温度区间内。
2、当外部环境温度较低或处于寒冷环境下，复合填料中的相变材料由液态变为固态，同时释放出热量，使电池包在一段时间内维持在稳定的温度，保持电池包的温度不会过低。当电池包内部温度继续降低，温度传感器检测到低于最佳温度区间下限时，控温模组的电流方向改变，半导体制冷片13开始进行加热，半导体制冷片13上贴向壳体11的一面升温放热，半导体制冷片13上贴紧铝型材散热器14的一面吸热，从而使电池包升温。
通过半导体制冷片13与复合填料结构，利用半导体制冷片的制冷功能快速对电池包进行降温或加热，复合填料起到温度缓冲作用。在电池包工作时可快速降温散热，电池包处于静态时提供良好的温度调控，对环境温度变化具有很好的缓冲能力。实现高温时快速降温，同时兼具低温时加热的功能，结构设计简单，节省空间，成本较低。
以上结合附图对本发明的实施方式作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施方式，在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：包括壳体（11），壳体（11）中布置有若干用于放置电池的单元腔（12），各单元腔（12）之间填充有复合填料，复合填料包括导热硅脂、相变材料微胶囊和导热硅油，壳体（11）的外侧布置有控温模组，控温模组包括半导体制冷片（13）。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：控温模组包括铝型材散热器（14），半导体制冷片（13）位于壳体（11）外侧与铝型材散热器（14）之间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：铝型材散热器（14）与半导体制冷片（13）之间布置有导热垫片。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：半导体制冷片（13）与壳体（11）外壁之间布置有导热垫片。
  5. 根据权利要求3或4所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：导热垫片为石墨纸和导热硅胶片中的一种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：半导体制冷片（13）的外部布置有隔热板（15）。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：壳体（11）中布置有温度感应器（16）。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：控温模组包括风扇（17）。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的应用于电池包的相变控温装置，其特征在于：壳体（11）的侧壁为导热铝板。
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