WO2020255624A1 - パワーコンディショナ - Google Patents

パワーコンディショナ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020255624A1
WO2020255624A1 PCT/JP2020/020332 JP2020020332W WO2020255624A1 WO 2020255624 A1 WO2020255624 A1 WO 2020255624A1 JP 2020020332 W JP2020020332 W JP 2020020332W WO 2020255624 A1 WO2020255624 A1 WO 2020255624A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
value
command value
storage batteries
bidirectional
power command
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2020/020332
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
淳志 吉村
裕太 山本
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Murata Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2021527492A priority Critical patent/JP7211509B2/ja
Publication of WO2020255624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020255624A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power conditioner.
  • a power conversion device that converts and outputs the power output from each of a plurality of storage batteries and performs charge / discharge control so as to maximize the capacity of each of the plurality of storage batteries has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 1).
  • This power conversion device compares the voltage average value of the voltage value of each of the plurality of storage batteries with the voltage value of each of the plurality of storage batteries. Then, the voltage converter increases the discharge power of the storage battery whose voltage value is larger than the voltage average value among the plurality of storage batteries when operating in the discharge operation mode, and the voltage value is higher than the voltage average value described above. Also controls to reduce the discharge power for small batteries.
  • the voltage converter reduces the charging power of a storage battery whose voltage value is larger than the voltage average value among a plurality of storage batteries when operating in the charging operation mode, and the voltage value is larger than the voltage average value described above. Also controls to increase the charging power for small batteries.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above reasons, and provides a power conditioner capable of effectively utilizing the electricity stored in all of the plurality of storage batteries by equalizing the SOC values of the plurality of storage batteries.
  • the purpose is to do.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention With multiple storage batteries DC bus line and One is provided between each of the plurality of storage batteries and the DC bus line, and the DC power output from any one of the plurality of storage batteries is converted and output to the DC bus line.
  • One of the plurality of storage batteries by executing the discharge from the storage batteries of the above or by converting the DC power supplied from the DC bus line and outputting it to any one of the plurality of storage batteries.
  • bidirectional DC-DC converters that operate in charge mode to charge one, For each of the plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters, the discharge power command value when operating in the discharge mode or the charge power command value when operating in the charge mode is calculated, and the calculated discharge power command value or the said A command unit that outputs command value information indicating the charging power command value, and A DC-DC converter control unit that separately controls the plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters based on the command value information output from the command unit is provided.
  • the command unit is based on the ratio of the total capacity of the plurality of storage batteries to the capacity of each of the plurality of storage batteries and the difference value of the SOC values of the plurality of storage batteries.
  • the discharge power command value or the charge power command value of each DC converter is calculated.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention is The plurality of storage batteries are two storage batteries.
  • the command unit of the two storage batteries is based on a value obtained based on the ratio of the total capacity of the two storage batteries to the capacity of each of the two storage batteries and the SOC value of each of the two storage batteries.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention is The command unit is the command value of the discharge power or the charge power from all of the two storage batteries to the ratio of the total capacity, which is the sum of the capacities of the two storage batteries, to the capacity of one of the two storage batteries.
  • a preset offset power command set to a value obtained by multiplying a certain total power command value by a SOC difference value obtained by subtracting the SOC value of the other storage battery from the SOC value of the one storage battery of the two storage batteries.
  • the discharge power command value or the charge power command value is calculated, and the ratio of the capacity of the other storage battery to the total capacity is multiplied by the total power command value.
  • the discharge power command value or the charge power command value may be calculated by subtracting the value obtained by multiplying the SOC difference value by the offset power command value from the value.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention is When the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value is negative, the command unit may set the discharge power command value or the charge power command value to zero.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention is When the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value exceeds the total power command value, the command unit sets the discharge power command value or the charge power command value to the total power command value. It may be.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention is A voltage measuring unit for measuring the output voltage of each of the plurality of storage batteries is further provided.
  • the command unit calculates the SOC value of each of the plurality of storage batteries based on the output voltage of each of the plurality of storage batteries measured by the voltage measuring unit.
  • the offset power command value may be determined based on the measurement error of the output power of each of the plurality of storage batteries by the voltage measuring unit.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention from another viewpoint is Two storage batteries and DC bus line and One is provided between each of the two storage batteries and the DC bus line, and the DC power output from any one of the two storage batteries is converted and output to the DC bus line.
  • One of the two storage batteries by performing a discharge mode for executing discharge from the two storage batteries or by converting the DC power supplied from the DC bus line and outputting it to any one of the two storage batteries.
  • Two bidirectional DC-DC converters that operate in charge mode to charge one, For each of the two bidirectional DC-DC converters, the discharge power command value when operating in the discharge mode or the charging power command value when operating in the charging mode is calculated, and the calculated discharge power command value or the said A command unit that outputs command value information indicating the charging power command value, and A DC-DC converter control unit that separately controls the two bidirectional DC-DC converters based on the command value information output from the command unit is provided.
  • the command unit When the two bidirectional DC-DC converters are operated in the discharge mode, when one of the SOC values of the two storage batteries is larger than the other, the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the one storage battery
  • the discharge power command value is calculated so that the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time is larger than the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time for the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the other storage battery.
  • the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the one storage battery The charging power command value is calculated so that the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time is smaller than the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time for the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the other storage battery.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention is The command unit When the two bidirectional DC-DC converters are operated in the discharge mode, when one of the SOC values of the two storage batteries is larger than the other, the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the other storage battery The discharge power command value is calculated so that the gradient of the fluctuation of the SOC value with respect to time becomes zero.
  • the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the one storage battery When the two bidirectional DC-DC converters are operated in the charging mode, when one of the SOC values of the two storage batteries is larger than the other, the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the one storage battery
  • the charging power command value may be calculated so that the gradient of the fluctuation of the SOC value with respect to time becomes zero.
  • the power conditioner according to the present invention from another viewpoint is Two storage batteries and DC bus line and One is provided between each of the two storage batteries and the DC bus line, and the DC power output from any one of the two storage batteries is converted and output to the DC bus line.
  • One of the two storage batteries by performing a discharge mode for executing discharge from the two storage batteries or by converting the DC power supplied from the DC bus line and outputting it to any one of the two storage batteries.
  • Two bidirectional DC-DC converters that operate in charge mode to charge one, A DC-DC converter control unit that controls the two bidirectional DC-DC converters is provided.
  • the control unit Until the SOC value of one of the two storage batteries exceeds the SOC value of the other, the gradient of the fluctuation of the SOC value with respect to the time for the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the one storage battery is determined.
  • the gradient of the fluctuation of the SOC value with respect to the time for the bidirectional DC-DC converter corresponding to the other storage battery is determined by the one storage battery.
  • the command unit uses a plurality of bidirectional DCs based on the ratio of the total capacity of the plurality of storage batteries to the capacity of each of the plurality of storage batteries and the difference value of the SOC values of the plurality of storage batteries. -Calculate the discharge power command value or charge power command value for each DC converter.
  • the SOC values of each of the plurality of storage batteries can be made closer to each other, so that the electricity stored in the storage batteries can be effectively used over the entire range from the fully charged state to the end of discharge state for all of the plurality of storage batteries. It can be used.
  • the power conversion device includes a plurality of storage batteries, a DC bus line, a plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters, a command unit, and a DC-DC converter control unit.
  • the plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters are provided between each of the plurality of storage batteries and the DC bus line, and convert the DC power output from the storage batteries and output the DC power to the DC bus line from the plurality of storage batteries. It operates in the discharge mode for executing the discharge of the above, or in the charge mode for charging the storage battery by converting the DC power supplied from the DC bus line and outputting it to the storage battery.
  • the command unit calculates the discharge power command value when operating in the discharge mode or the charging power command value when operating in the charging mode for each of the plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters, and calculates the discharged power command value or charging. Outputs command value information indicating the power command value.
  • the DC-DC converter control unit controls a plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters separately based on the command value information output from the command unit. Then, the command unit receives the discharge power command value of each of the plurality of bidirectional DC-DC converters based on the ratio of the capacities of the plurality of storage batteries to their total and the difference value of the SOC values of the plurality of storage batteries. Alternatively, the charging power command value is calculated.
  • the configuration of the power supply system including the power conversion device according to the present embodiment will be described.
  • the power supply system includes a solar cell 1, storage batteries 21, 22 and a power conditioner 3 connected to the solar cells 1, 2 storage batteries 21, 22 and a system power supply 4. And.
  • the grid power supply 4 supplies AC power to the power conditioner 3 in a single-phase three-wire system, for example.
  • the storage batteries 21 and 22, respectively are secondary batteries capable of extracting the stored electricity by electric discharge, and are lead storage batteries, nickel hydrogen batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium ion capacitors, and the like.
  • the storage batteries 21 and 22 may be a single battery as long as they output a preset electric power, or may be an assembled battery in which a plurality of single batteries are connected in series or in parallel.
  • the power conditioner 3 includes a PV converter 31, an inverter 32, two DC-DC converters 331 and 332, and a control circuit 39.
  • the PV converter 31, the inverter 32, and the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are connected via the HVDC bus L3, which is a DC bus line.
  • a capacitor (not shown) for suppressing voltage fluctuations of the HVDC bus L3 is connected to the HVDC bus L3.
  • a line filter (not shown) that includes an inductor and a capacitor between the inverter 32 and the system power supply 4 and removes high-frequency switching noise components from the AC power output from the inverter 32. Is intervening.
  • the PV converter 31 is a DC-DC converter that boosts and outputs the DC voltage input from the solar cell 1. Even if the PV converter 31 has a function of adjusting the input voltage from the solar cell 1 by executing MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) control based on the control signal input from the control circuit 39. Good.
  • the inverter 32 is a bidirectional DC-AC inverter, and has a plurality of switching elements (not shown) that are switched by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal input from the control circuit 39.
  • the inverter 32 converts the DC voltage input from the HVDC bus L3 into an AC voltage and outputs it, and also converts the AC voltage supplied from the system power supply 4 into a DC voltage and outputs it to the HVDC bus L3.
  • the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are bidirectional DC-DC converters, respectively, and are provided between each of the two storage batteries 21 and 22 and the HVDC bus L3.
  • the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are bidirectional chopper circuits as shown in FIG. 2, for example.
  • the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 have an inductor L3313 whose one end is connected to the terminal BH, a switching element Q1 which is connected between the other end of the inductor L3313 and the terminals BL and DL, and the other end and the terminal of the inductor L3313. It has a switching element Q2 connected to and from a DH. Further, a capacitor C1 is connected between the terminals DH and DL.
  • the switching elements Q1 and Q2 are each driven by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal input from the control circuit 39.
  • the terminal BL of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 is connected to the negative electrode side of the storage batteries 21 and 22, and the terminal BH is connected to the positive electrode side of the storage batteries 21 and 22.
  • the terminal DL of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 is connected to the negative side of the HVDC bus L3.
  • the terminal DH of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 is connected to the positive side of the HVDC bus L3.
  • MOSFETs, IGBTs, etc. are used for the switching elements Q1 and Q2 of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332.
  • the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 use the voltage measuring unit 3311 for measuring the voltage between the terminals BH and BL, that is, the output voltage Vc of the storage batteries 21 and 22, and the voltage between the terminals DH and DL, that is, DC-. It has a voltage measuring unit 3312 for measuring the output voltage Vd of the DC converter.
  • the voltage measuring units 3311 and 3312 output measurement signals indicating the measured voltage values to the control circuit 39, respectively.
  • the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 convert the DC power output from the storage batteries 21 and 22, respectively, and output the DC power to the HVDC bus L3 to execute the discharge from the storage batteries 21 and 22, respectively, from the discharge mode or the HVDC bus L3. It operates in a charging mode in which the storage batteries 21 and 22 are charged by converting the supplied DC power and outputting it to the storage batteries 21 and 22.
  • the control circuit 39 has, for example, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) and a memory.
  • the control circuit 39 includes a PV converter control unit 391, an inverter control unit 392, a DC-DC converter control units 3931 and 3932, and a command unit 394.
  • the memory of the control circuit 39 includes an SOC correlation storage unit 3951, a capacitance storage unit 3952, a reference command value storage unit 3953, and a command value storage unit 3954.
  • the PV converter control unit 391 generates a control signal for controlling the PV converter 31 so that its output voltage becomes constant, and outputs the control signal to the PV converter 31.
  • the inverter control unit 392 generates a control signal for operating the inverter 32 and outputs the control signal to the inverter 32.
  • the DC-DC converter control units 3931 and 3932 generate PWM signals for operating the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in either the charge mode or the discharge mode, respectively, to generate the DC-DC converters 331 and 332, respectively. Output to each.
  • the DC-DC converter control units 3931 and 3932 are based on the measurement signals input from the voltage measurement units 3312 of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332, respectively, when the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are operated in the discharge mode. Therefore, the duty ratio in the on / off operation of the switching element Q1 is controlled so that the output voltage Vd of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 becomes constant.
  • the DC-DC converter control units 3931 and 3932 use the command value information output from the command unit 394 to indicate the discharge power command value when operating in the discharge mode or the charging power command value when operating in the charging mode. Based on this, the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are controlled separately.
  • the SOC correlation storage unit 3951 stores correlation information indicating a correlation between the output voltage of the storage batteries 21 and 22 and the SOC value.
  • the command unit 394 acquires the voltage value of the output voltage Vc of the storage batteries 21 and 22 from the measurement signal input from the voltage measurement unit 3311, and calculates the SOC value of the storage batteries 21 and 22 based on the acquired voltage value. ..
  • the command unit 394 calculates the SOC value from the output voltages Vc of the storage batteries 21 and 22 with reference to the correlation information stored in the SOC correlation storage unit 3951. Further, the command unit 394 calculates the discharge power command value or the charge power command value for each of the two DC-DC converters 331 and 332, and generates command value information indicating the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value. And output.
  • the command unit 394 discharges the DC-DC converters 331 and 332, respectively, based on the ratio of the capacities of the storage batteries 21 and 22 to their total and the difference value of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 respectively. Calculate the power command value or the charging power command value.
  • the command unit 394 calculates the discharge power command value or the charge power command value by using the relational expressions shown in the following equations (1) and (2).
  • PtA ⁇ PA / (PA + PB) ⁇ x K1 x Pt + (Sa-Sb) x k2 ... Equation (1)
  • PtB ⁇ PB / (PA + PB) ⁇ x K1 x Pt- (Sa-Sb) x k2 ...
  • PtA indicates, for example, the discharge power command value or the charge power command value of the DC-DC converter 331 corresponding to the storage battery 21
  • PtB is, for example, the discharge power command value or the discharge power command value of the DC-DC converter 332 corresponding to the storage battery 22.
  • PA and PB indicate the rated capacities of the storage batteries 21 and 22, respectively
  • Sa and Sb indicate the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22, respectively.
  • Pt is a total power command value which is a command value of discharge power or charge power from all the storage batteries 21 and 22, and K1 is a coefficient based on the deterioration state of the storage battery and the cumulative number of charge / discharge cycles.
  • the offset power command value k2 is a preset offset power command value. For example, when charging the storage batteries 21 and 22 by 2 [kW] or discharging the storage batteries 21 and 22 by 2 [kW], the total power command value Pt is set to 2 [kW].
  • the offset power command value k2 is determined based on the measurement error of the output voltage of each of the storage batteries 21 and 22 by the voltage measuring unit 3311. Specifically, the offset power command value k2 is set to a value equal to or higher than a value obtained by multiplying the measurement error of the output power of each of the storage batteries 21 and 22 by the voltage measuring unit 3311 by a preset current value, for example. .. Further, the upper limit of the offset power command value k2 is determined based on, for example, the time required for the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 to become equal. This offset power command value k2 is set to, for example, 0.1 [kW].
  • the command unit 394 sets the offset power command value k2 to the SOC difference value (Sa-Sb) to the value obtained by multiplying the ratio of the rated capacity PA of the storage battery 21 to the total capacity (PA + PB) by the total power command value Pt. By adding the value obtained by multiplying, the discharge power command value or the charge power command value of the DC-DC converter 331 is calculated.
  • the total capacity (PA + PB) is the sum of the rated capacities PA and PB of the storage batteries 21 and 22
  • the SOC difference value (Sa-Sb) is the SOC value Sa of the storage battery 21 minus the SOC value Sb of the storage battery 22. Sa and Sb are expressed as percentages (%).
  • the command unit 394 issues an offset power command to the SOC difference value (Sa-Sb) from a value obtained by multiplying the ratio of the rated capacity PB of the storage battery 22 to the total capacity (PA + PB) by the coefficient K1 and the total power command value Pt. By multiplying the value k2 and subtracting the obtained value, the discharge power command value or the charge power command value of the DC-DC converter 332 is calculated. Then, the command unit 394 stores the calculated discharge power command value or information indicating the charge power command value in the command value storage unit 3954.
  • the command unit 394 sets the information indicating the discharge power command value or charge power command value stored in the command value storage unit 3954 to "0". To do. Further, when the calculated discharge power command value or charge power command value exceeds the above-mentioned total power command value Pt, the command unit 394 forcibly sets the discharge power command value or charge power command value to the total power command value Pt. To do.
  • the reason why the information stored in the command value storage unit 3954 is set to "0" when the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value is negative is to prevent the acceleration of battery deterioration.
  • the operation is such that one storage battery is discharged and the other storage battery is charged, so that the deterioration of the storage battery is accelerated.
  • the capacity storage unit 3952 stores capacity information indicating the rated capacity of each of the storage batteries 21 and 22.
  • the command value storage unit 3954 stores information indicating the discharge power command value or the charge power command value calculated by the command unit 394.
  • the reference command value storage unit 3953 has the coefficient K1 in the above equations (1) and (2), the total power command value information indicating the total power command value Pt, and the offset power command value information indicating the offset power command value k2. And remember.
  • the reference command value storage unit 3953 stores one type of total power command value information and offset power command value information indicating two types of positive and negative offset power command values k2.
  • the command unit 394 uses the relational expressions shown in the following equations (1) and (2) to calculate the discharge power command value or the charge power command value, and the capacity information and the reference command value stored in the capacity storage unit 3952.
  • the total power command value information and the offset power command value information stored in the storage unit 3953 are referred to.
  • This power command value setting process is started when the power conditioner 3 is activated.
  • the control circuit 39 controls the operation of the PV converter 31, the operation of the inverter 32, and the operation of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in parallel with the execution of the power command value setting process. Execute the process to be performed.
  • the command unit 394 acquires the voltage value of the output voltage of the storage batteries 21 and 22 from the measurement signal input from the voltage measurement unit 3311 (step S101). Next, the command unit 394 calculates the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 based on the acquired voltage value and the SOC correlation table (step S102).
  • the command unit 394 determines whether or not the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are operating in the charging mode (step S103). It is assumed that the command unit 394 determines that the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are operating in the charging mode (step S103: Yes). In this case, the command unit 394 refers to the offset power command value information stored in the reference command value storage unit 3953, and sets a negative offset power command as the offset power command value k2 in the above equations (1) and (2). The value k2 is adopted (step S104). On the other hand, it is assumed that the command unit 394 determines that the DC-DC converters 3931 and 3932 are operating in the discharge mode (step S103: No).
  • the command unit 394 refers to the offset power command value information stored in the reference command value storage unit 3953, and sets a positive offset power command as the offset power command value k2 in the above equations (1) and (2).
  • the value k2 is adopted (step S105).
  • the command unit 394 uses the rated capacities of the storage batteries 21 and 22, the coefficient K1, the above-mentioned total power command value Pt, the offset power command value k2 adopted in the above-mentioned step S104 or step S105, and the above-mentioned formula.
  • the command unit 394 stores the calculated discharge power command value or information indicating the charge power command value in the command value storage unit 3954 (step S106).
  • the command unit 394 acquires the rated capacity of each of the storage batteries 21 and 22 by referring to the capacity information indicating the rated capacity of each of the storage batteries 21 and 22 stored in the capacity storage unit 3952.
  • step S107 the command unit 394 determines whether or not any of the calculated discharge power command value or charge power command value PtA and PtB is less than 0 (step S107).
  • step S107: No the command unit 394 directly executes the process of step S109 described later.
  • step S109: Yes it is assumed that the command unit 394 determines that either the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value PtA or PtB is less than 0, that is, negative (step S107: Yes).
  • the command unit 394 updates the information indicating the negative discharge power command value or the charge power command value PtA, PtB stored in the command value storage unit 3945 to the information indicating "0" (step S108). .. That is, when the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value is negative, the command unit 394 sets the discharge power command value or the charge power command value to zero.
  • the command unit 394 determines whether or not any of the calculated discharge power command value or charge power command value PtA or PtB is larger than the total power command value Pt (step S109).
  • the command unit 394 determines that the calculated discharge power command value or charge power command value PtA or PtB is equal to or less than the total power command value Pt (step S109: No)
  • the command unit 394 directly executes the process of step S111 described later.
  • the command unit 394 stores information indicating the discharge power command value or the charge power command value PtA, PtB, which is larger than the total power command value Pt, stored in the command value storage unit 3945, and information indicating the total power command value Pt. Update to (step S110). That is, when the calculated discharge power command value or charge power command value exceeds the above-mentioned total power command value Pt, the command unit 394 sets the discharge power command value or charge power command value to the total power command value Pt.
  • the command unit 394 outputs command value information indicating the discharge power command value or the charge power command values PtA and PtB stored in the command value storage unit 3945 to the DC-DC converter control units 3931 and 3932 (step S111). .. At this time, the DC-DC converter control units 3931 and 3932 separately control the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 based on the discharge power command value or the charge power command value indicating the discharge power command value output from the command unit 394. To do. Next, the process of step S101 is executed again.
  • the power conditioner according to the comparative example has the same configuration as the power conditioner 3 according to the present embodiment, and only the calculation method of the discharge power command value or the charge power command value of the command unit 394 is the same as that of the present embodiment. It's different.
  • the command unit 394 according to the comparative example calculates the discharge power command value or the charge power command value by using the relational expressions shown in the following formulas (3) and (4).
  • PtA [PA ⁇ (1-Sa) / ⁇ (PA ⁇ (1-Sa) + PB ⁇ (1-Sb) ⁇ ] ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Equation (3)
  • PtB [PB ⁇ (1-Sb) / ⁇ (PA ⁇ (1-Sa) + PB ⁇ (1-Sb) ⁇ ] ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Equation (4)
  • PtA, PtB, PA, PB, Sa, and Sb are the same as those in the above formulas (1) and (2), respectively.
  • the command unit 394 For example, the rated capacity of the storage battery 21 is 4 [kWh], the rated capacity of the storage battery 22 is 2 [kWh], the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is "0.5 (50%)”, and the SOC value of the storage battery 22 is "0. 4 (40%) ”.
  • the command unit 394 sets the charge power command value to the storage battery 21 to [4 ⁇ (1-0.5) / ⁇ 4 ⁇ (1-0.5) by using the relational expression shown in the equation (3).
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of the time transition of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 after the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are started to operate in the charging mode.
  • the difference value of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 is measured over time for about 10 minutes after the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 start operating in the charging mode. Decrease. However, when 10 minutes or more have passed, it can be seen that the difference value of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 is almost constant. Therefore, the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 cannot be made equal.
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is 0.9 (90%) and the SOC value of the storage battery 22 is 0.1 (10%).
  • the time required to reduce the difference value of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 to some extent may become long.
  • the command unit 394 uses the relational expressions shown in the above equations (1) and (2) to generate a discharge power command value or a charge power command value. Is calculated. For example, the rated capacity of the storage battery 21 is 4 [kWh], the rated capacity of the storage battery 22 is 2 [kWh], the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is "0.5 (50%)", and the SOC value of the storage battery 22 is "0 (" 0%) ”. Then, it is assumed that the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the charging mode and sets the above-mentioned total power command value Pt to 2 [kW]. Further, it is assumed that the offset power command value is set to 0.1 [kW].
  • the command unit 394 when the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the charging mode, when the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is larger than the SOC value of the storage battery 22, the bidirectional DC-DC converter 331 corresponding to the storage battery 21 The charging power command value for is set to "0" so that the storage battery 21 is not charged.
  • the command unit 394 sets the charging power command value for the bidirectional DC-DC converter 332 corresponding to the storage battery 22 to a value larger than "0" to charge the storage battery 22.
  • the command unit 394 when the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the charging mode and the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is larger than the SOC value of the storage battery 22, the command unit 394 relates to the DC-DC converter 331 corresponding to the storage battery 21.
  • the charging power command value is calculated so that the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time is smaller than the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time for the DC-DC converter 332 corresponding to the storage battery 22.
  • the charging power command value for each of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 is not limited to the above.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example of the time transition of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 after the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are started to operate in the charging mode for the power conditioner 3 according to the present embodiment. ..
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is approximately "0.5 (50%)" for about 20 minutes after the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 start operating in the charging mode. Be maintained.
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 22 continues to increase. Along with this, the difference value of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 decreases.
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of the portion of the storage batteries 21 and 22 in FIG. 6 in which the SOC values are finally equalized (the portion surrounded by the broken line A1 in FIG. 6).
  • the curve S11 corresponding to the storage battery 21 and the curve S12 corresponding to the storage battery 22 are not completely overlapped with each other, and the magnitude relations are always alternately alternated. Converges with. That is, at the beginning of charging, the slope of the curve S11 corresponding to the storage battery 21 is gentle and the slope of the curve S12 corresponding to the storage battery 22 is relatively steep depending on the offset power command value. As a result, the curve S11 corresponding to the storage battery 21 and the curve S12 corresponding to the storage battery 22 intersect each other at a certain SOC value, and then the magnitude relationship of the curves S11 and S12 is reversed.
  • the command unit 394 gives a charging command so that the curve S11 corresponding to the storage battery 21 becomes steep and the curve S12 corresponding to the storage battery 22 becomes relatively gentle. Since the value is set, the magnitude relationship of the curves S11 and S12 is reversed again. Then, as this process is repeated, the curve S11 corresponding to the storage battery 21 and the curve S12 corresponding to the storage battery 22 converge in a state in which they appear to overlap when viewed macroscopically. This means that the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 are "equal". This phenomenon is the same not only when operating in the charging mode but also when operating in the discharging mode described later.
  • the rated capacity of the storage battery 21 is 4 [kWh]
  • the rated capacity of the storage battery 22 is 2 [kWh]
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is "1.0 (100%)”
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 22 is "1.0 (100%)”. It is assumed that it is "0.5 (50%)”.
  • the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the discharge mode and sets the above-mentioned total power command value Pt to 2 [kW]. Further, it is assumed that the offset power command value is set to 0.1 [kW].
  • the command unit 394 when the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the discharge mode, when the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is larger than the SOC value of the storage battery 22, the command unit 394 relates to the DC-DC converter 331 corresponding to the storage battery 21.
  • the discharge power command value is set to a value larger than "0" to discharge the storage battery 21.
  • the command unit 394 does not discharge the storage battery 22 by setting the discharge power command value for the DC-DC converter 332 corresponding to the storage battery 22 to “0”.
  • the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the discharge mode
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is larger than the SOC value of the storage battery 22
  • the DC-DC converter 331 corresponding to the storage battery 21 The discharge power command value is calculated so that the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time is larger than the gradient of the SOC value fluctuation with respect to time for the DC-DC converter 332 corresponding to the storage battery 22.
  • the discharge power command values for the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are not limited to the above.
  • FIG. 8 shows an example of the time transition of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 after the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are started to operate in the discharge mode for the power conditioner 3 according to the present embodiment. ..
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 22 is approximately "50% (0.5)" for about 45 minutes after the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 start operating in the discharge mode. Be maintained.
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 21 continues to decrease. Along with this, the difference value of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 decreases.
  • the storage battery 22 started to be discharged, and the SOC value of the storage battery 22 gradually decreased.
  • the rate of decrease in the SOC value of the storage battery 22 also becomes gradual.
  • the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 are finally equal due to the offset power command values in the above equations (1) and (2).
  • FIG. 9 shows an enlarged view of the portion (the portion surrounded by the broken line A2 in FIG. 6) in which the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 are finally equal in FIG.
  • the command unit 394 operates the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 in the discharge mode
  • the command unit 394 relates to the time for the DC-DC converter 331 corresponding to the storage battery 21.
  • the charging power command value is calculated so that the absolute value of the slope of the fluctuation of the SOC value becomes a value larger than the absolute value of the slope of the fluctuation of the SOC value with respect to the time of the DC-DC converter 332 corresponding to the storage battery 22. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
  • the curve S21 corresponding to the storage battery 21 and the curve S22 corresponding to the storage battery 22 are not completely overlapped with each other, and the magnitude relations are always alternately alternated. Converges with. That is, at the beginning of discharge, the slope of the curve S21 corresponding to the storage battery 21 is steep and the slope of the curve S22 corresponding to the storage battery 22 is relatively gentle due to the offset power command value. As a result, the curve S21 corresponding to the storage battery 21 and the curve S22 corresponding to the storage battery 22 intersect each other at a certain SOC value, and then the magnitude relationship of the curves S21 and S22 is reversed.
  • the command unit 394 makes the slope of the curve S21 corresponding to the storage battery 21 gentle and the slope of the curve S22 corresponding to the storage battery 22 relatively steep. Since the charging command value is set as described above, the magnitude relationship of the curves S21 and S22 is reversed again. Then, as this process is repeated, the curve S21 corresponding to the storage battery 21 and the curve S22 corresponding to the storage battery 22 converge in a state in which they appear to overlap when viewed macroscopically. This means that the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 are "equal".
  • the storage batteries 21 and 22 are charged with 2 [kW] and the storage batteries 21 and 22 are charged. It is assumed that the discharge of 2 [kW] from the above is repeated alternately at intervals of 10 minutes.
  • the rated capacity of the storage battery 21 is 4 [kWh]
  • the rated capacity of the storage battery 22 is 2 [kWh]
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 21 is "1.0 (100%)”
  • the SOC value of the storage battery 22 is. It is assumed to be "0.5 (50%)”.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example of the time transition of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 in this case. As shown in the curves S31 and S32 of FIG.
  • the period during which the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are operating in the discharge mode (for example, a period between the start and 10 minutes or 20 to 30 minutes after the start).
  • the time transition of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 is the same as the time transition described with reference to FIG. 8 described above.
  • the time transition of the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 is described above. The time transition is the same as that described with reference to FIG. Even in this case, the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 are finally equal due to the offset power command values in the above equations (1) and (2).
  • the charging power command value or the discharge corresponding to the storage batteries 21 and 22 is used by using the equations (1) and (2) including the offset power command value term. Calculate the power command value. As a result, even if there is a large deviation in the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22, the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 can be made equal quickly and surely.
  • the command unit 394 determines the ratio of the rated capacities of the storage batteries 21 and 22 to the total of them and the SOC value of each of the storage batteries 21 and 22. Based on the difference value, the discharge power command value or the charge power command value of each of the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 is calculated. As a result, the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 can be set to be equal to each other, so that the electricity stored in the storage batteries can be stored in the entire range from the fully charged state to the end-discharged state of all the storage batteries 21 and 22. It can be used effectively.
  • the difference between the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 becomes large for example, when the DC-DC converters 331 and 332 are operated in the charging mode, for example, when the storage battery 21 is fully charged, the other storage battery 22 cannot be charged. Things can happen. In order to prevent such a situation, it is preferable to adjust the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 so as to be as equal as possible.
  • the charging power to the storage values 21 and 22 or the discharging power from the storage batteries 21 and 22 is distributed in consideration of the SOC values and the rated capacities of the storage batteries 21 and 22 respectively. However, the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 cannot be equalized.
  • the discharge power command is performed by using the relational expression including the term related to the offset power command value as in the relational expression shown in the above equations (1) and (2). Calculate the value or the charge power command value.
  • the SOC values of the storage batteries 21 and 22 can be made equal.
  • the two lines do not intersect because the amount of distribution changes in real time. This tendency is remarkable when a storage battery is added because the current capacity is different. If it remains misaligned, the battery life will be shortened.
  • the command unit 394 when the calculated discharge power command value or charge power command value is negative, the command unit 394 according to the present embodiment forcibly sets the discharge power command value or the charge power command value to zero. As a result, during the operating period of the power conditioner 3, the ratio of the period during which the storage batteries 21 and 22 are discharged or the ratio of the period during which the storage batteries 21 and 22 are charged can be reduced. Deterioration can be suppressed.
  • the command unit 394 sets the discharge power command value or the charge power command value as the total power command value when the calculated discharge power command value or the charge power command value exceeds the total power command value. ..
  • the occurrence of over-discharging or over-charging of the storage batteries 21 and 22 can be suppressed, so that damage to the storage batteries 21 and 22 can be suppressed.
  • the power conditioner 3 may include three or more storage batteries.
  • the command unit 394 when the DC-DC converter corresponding to each of the three or more storage batteries operates in the discharge mode, the command unit 394 has the lowest SOC value among the SOC values of the three or more storage batteries and the other storage batteries. Based on the value obtained by multiplying the difference value from each SOC value by the offset power command value, the discharge command value is calculated from the storage battery with the highest SOC value, and if the total power command value is reached in the middle, the rest. The storage battery should not be discharged.
  • the charging command value is calculated from the storage battery having the lowest SOC value, and if the total power command value is reached in the middle, the remaining storage batteries may not be charged.
  • the present invention is suitable as a power conditioner including a plurality of storage batteries.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
PCT/JP2020/020332 2019-06-21 2020-05-22 パワーコンディショナ Ceased WO2020255624A1 (ja)

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WO2025069470A1 (ja) * 2023-09-29 2025-04-03 三菱重工業株式会社 電力需給システム、電池制御システム、電池制御方法、及び電池制御プログラム

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