WO2020243982A1 - 一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构 - Google Patents

一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构 Download PDF

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WO2020243982A1
WO2020243982A1 PCT/CN2019/091034 CN2019091034W WO2020243982A1 WO 2020243982 A1 WO2020243982 A1 WO 2020243982A1 CN 2019091034 W CN2019091034 W CN 2019091034W WO 2020243982 A1 WO2020243982 A1 WO 2020243982A1
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Prior art keywords
iron
iron yoke
silicon steel
yoke
iron core
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French (fr)
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禹云长
禹东泽
张春红
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Wujiang Transformer Co Ltd
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Wujiang Transformer Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/263—Fastening parts of the core together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/34—Special means for preventing or reducing unwanted electric or magnetic effects, e.g. no-load losses, reactive currents, harmonics, oscillations, leakage fields
    • H01F2027/348—Preventing eddy currents

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of inductors, and specifically relates to an iron core structure of an iron core reactor.
  • Iron-core reactors are prone to local overheating and large vibrations are two global problems that endanger safety.
  • low-voltage reactors low resistance
  • dry-type reactors whether single-phase or Three-phase, whether it is a linear iron yoke or an annular iron yoke, almost all have high temperature rise or overheat failure, or even burnt.
  • Its overheating mostly occurs on the iron yoke, indicating that the high temperature rise is inevitable due to the uneven magnetic flux distribution, that is, the local magnetic density is too high, the loss generated is too large and the temperature rises.
  • the root cause of this consequence is the product structure: the basic structure of all cores in the prior art is that the core cake is circular or cylindrical, the cross section of the iron yoke is rectangular, and the rectangular cross section of the iron yoke corresponds to the circular or cylindrical shape.
  • the inevitable result of the core column is that the magnetic density is uneven everywhere in the iron yoke.
  • the purpose of adopting the rectangular cross-section iron yoke is to facilitate the reliable compression of the core column to suppress vibration through the iron yoke.
  • the disadvantages of the prior art are: First, the geometric shape and relative positional relationship of the iron yoke, the core column, and the coil make the magnetic flux in the iron yoke unevenly distributed. And the magnetic density, the middle yoke loss is large and easy to overheat. This can be clearly seen by dividing the iron yoke stack thickness and the core column and the magnetic leakage area into multiple corresponding magnetic conductive units by a set of equidistant parallel lines in Figure 7.
  • each small area of the core column gradually decreases from the middle yoke to the area of the two side yokes, and the area of each small area of the corresponding iron yoke is equal, indicating that the main magnetic flux received by the middle yoke is greater than the main magnetic flux received by the side yoke, so that the main yoke
  • the magnetic flux density is high; on the other hand, the magnetic leakage area is the area between the outer diameter of the core cylinder and the equivalent solenoid.
  • the area of each small area in the magnetic leakage area covered by the iron yoke is basically the same, indicating that the magnetic leakage received by the middle yoke
  • the flux is basically equal to the leakage flux received by the side yoke, and the leakage flux density is much lower than the main flux density in terms of magnitude. Therefore, even if the leakage flux received for each small area of the yoke is different, The effect on the total magnetic density is not very obvious.
  • the result of the middle yoke magnetic density is too high and the side yoke magnetic density is too low. The result is that the magnetic permeability of the middle yoke is insufficient, and the magnetic permeability of the side yoke is excessive.
  • the magnetic flux density of the yoke is too high, the harmonics will be large and the quality of power transmission will be reduced.
  • the magnetic density of the middle yoke is too high or much larger than the magnetic density of the side yoke. Part of the magnetic flux must gradually demagnetize to the side yoke. This process passes through the large surface of the silicon steel sheet, and large eddy currents and eddy current losses are generated in the silicon steel sheet to be pierced, which makes it easy to overheat and make the total loss large.
  • the present invention provides a core structure of an iron core reactor with high reliability, uniform magnetic field distribution, magnetic field lines not crossing the silicon steel sheet, low loss, simple structure and process, and low cost.
  • An iron core structure of an iron core reactor including a core column, an iron yoke, an insulating pad, a pressure beam, a foot, a side beam, a cross beam, etc.;
  • the basic structure of the iron core structure is that a "mouth" shaped iron yoke is centered on a core column, and an insulating layer and a coil are sleeved on the core column;
  • the upper and lower sides of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke are called upper and lower yokes, and the two vertical sides are called side yokes, and the cross section is a special quadrilateral;
  • the side located in the core window is a straight line, which is formed by stacking the end faces of silicon steel sheets flush; the two sides adjacent to the previous side are straight lines, which are the outermost of the stack thickness
  • the plane of the silicon steel sheet itself; the fourth side at the outer edge of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke is a silicon steel sheet with a gradual change in width or a step change in width.
  • the width of the silicon steel sheet is aligned on one side and the other side is gradually staggered or stepped.
  • the upper and lower end faces of the iron yoke are provided with beams in the exact center, and the beams are horizontally and vertically perpendicular to the iron yoke; the upper end faces of the iron yoke are provided with pressure beams on both sides of the beams, corresponding to the lower end faces of the iron yoke There are footrests at the position of the pressure beam; four upper and lower top and bottom ends on both sides of the iron yoke are provided with side beams.
  • insulating pads corresponding to the arc edges or stepped edges of the iron yoke are used to support and compress all the iron yokes. Silicon steel sheet and stem.
  • stems are stacked by circular or cylindrical heart cakes.
  • the cross section of the core column is circular or cylindrical.
  • the side located in the core window and the two adjacent sides are straight lines, and the side located outside the core window is defined by the width of the sheet.
  • the finite element in the iron yoke is divided by the thickness of the silicon steel sheet or the finite element divided by the thickness of the step.
  • each magnetic permeable unit is proportional or approximately proportional to the area of the corresponding unit in the stem, that is, the permeable area of each part of the iron yoke is proportional to the permeable area of each corresponding portion of the covered stem.
  • the iron yoke is provided with a clamping piece, the clamping piece clamps the iron yoke silicon steel sheet, is made of non-magnetic steel plate or ordinary steel plate, and is connected with the pressure beam, the feet, the side beam and the cross beam to form a frame.
  • the edge located outside the iron core window is an arc edge formed by stacking silicon steel sheets with gradual widths or a sheet width step
  • the curved edge of the stepped bending line formed by the abrupt silicon steel sheet, the finite element divided by the arc edge or the finite element divided by the thickness of the step in the iron yoke, the area of each magnetic element is proportional to the area of the magnetic element corresponding to the core column
  • Proportion or approximate proportionality makes the magnetic density equal or approximately equal everywhere in the iron yoke, eliminates the area of excessive magnetic density, no longer causes excessive magnetic density and overheating, and eliminates the excess function of the side yoke.
  • the iron core can still be compressed And the body.
  • the iron core structure of the present invention has good reliability, low loss, simple structure and process, and low cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the single-phase core structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a left side view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the three-phase five-leg core structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a top view of Figure 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a rotated cross-sectional view of the iron yoke section in Figs. 1 to 5.
  • 1-core column 2-iron yoke, 3-coil, 4-insulation pad, 5-pressure beam, 6-foot, 7-side beam, 8-beam, 9-insulation layer, 10-clamp.
  • An iron core structure of an iron core reactor includes a core column 1, an iron yoke 2, an insulating pad 4, a pressure beam 5, a foot 6, a side beam 7, a cross beam 8 and the like.
  • the basic structure of the iron core structure is that a “mouth”-shaped iron yoke 2 is centered with a core column 1 and an insulating layer 9 and a coil 3 are sleeved on the core column 1.
  • the upper and lower sides of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke 2 are respectively called upper and lower yokes, and the two vertical sides are called side yokes, and the cross section is a special quadrilateral.
  • the side located in the core window is a straight line, which is formed by stacking the end faces of silicon steel sheets flush; the two sides adjacent to the previous side are straight lines and are located at the outermost thickness of the stack
  • the plane of the silicon steel sheet itself; the fourth side at the outer edge of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke is a silicon steel sheet with a gradual change in width or a step change in width.
  • the width of the silicon steel sheet is aligned on one side and the other side is gradually staggered or stepped Staggered and formed.
  • the upper and lower end faces of the iron yoke 2 are provided with a crossbeam 8 in the center, and the crossbeam 8 is horizontally and perpendicular to the iron yoke 2; the upper end of the iron yoke 2 is provided with pressure beams 5 on both sides of the crossbeam 8.
  • the lower end surface of the iron yoke 2 is provided with a foot 6 corresponding to the position of the pressure beam 5; there are four upper and lower top and bottom ends on both sides of the iron yoke 2, and side beams 7 are all provided.
  • the insulating pad 4 corresponding to the arc side of the iron yoke or the stepped folding line side is used to support and compress the iron All silicon steel sheets of yoke 2 and stem 1.
  • the stem 1 is made up of round or cylindrical heart cakes.
  • the cross section of the core column 1 is circular or cylindrical.
  • the side located in the core window and the two adjacent sides are straight lines, and the side located outside the core window is gradually changed by the width of the sheet.
  • the finite element in the iron yoke 2 is divided by the thickness of the silicon steel sheet or the finite element divided by the thickness of the step,
  • the area of each magnetic permeable unit is proportional or approximately proportional to the area of the corresponding unit in the stem 1, that is, the permeable area of each part of the iron yoke 2 corresponds to the permeable area of each corresponding portion of the covered stem 1 Proportionally.
  • the iron yoke is provided with a clamp 10, the clamp 10 clamps the iron yoke 2 silicon steel sheet, is made of non-magnetic steel plate or ordinary steel plate, and is connected to the pressure beam 6, the foot 6, the side beam 7 and the cross beam 8.
  • a frame is provided.
  • the basic structure is a "mouth"-shaped iron yoke 2 with a core column 1 in the middle, and the core column 1 is made of a circular or cylindrical core cake stacked on the core column 1. Cover the insulation 9 and the coil 3.
  • the upper and lower sides of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke 2 are called upper and lower yokes, and the two vertical sides are called side yokes, and the cross section is a special quadrilateral.
  • the side inside the core window is a straight line, which is formed by stacking the end faces of the silicon steel sheet flush; the two sides adjacent to the previous side are straight lines, which are the outermost silicon steel sheet itself.
  • the fourth side at the outer edge of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke is formed by a silicon steel sheet with a gradual change in sheet width or a step change in sheet width.
  • the width of the silicon steel sheet is aligned on one side and the other side is gradually staggered or step staggered.
  • the pressure beam 5, the foot 6, the side beam 7, the cross beam 8 and the silicon steel sheet of the iron yoke 2 are provided with iron
  • the insulating cushion block 4 corresponding to the curved side of the circular arc or the curved side of the stepped bending line of the yoke 2 supports and compresses the silicon steel sheet and the stem 1 of the iron yoke 2.
  • the basic structure is the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke 2 with three core posts 1 in the middle.
  • the core post 1 is made of a circular or cylindrical core cake.
  • Each core column 1 is covered with insulation 9 and coil 3.
  • the upper and lower sides of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke 2 are called upper and lower yokes, and the two vertical sides are called side yokes, and the cross section is a special quadrilateral.
  • the side inside the core window is a straight line, which is formed by stacking the end faces of the silicon steel sheet flush; the two sides adjacent to the previous side are straight lines, which are the silicon steel sheet itself at the outermost thickness of the stack.
  • Plane; the fourth side at the outer edge of the "mouth"-shaped iron yoke is formed by a silicon steel sheet with a gradual change in sheet width or a step change in sheet width. The width of the silicon steel sheet is aligned on one side and the other side is gradually staggered or step staggered.
  • the pressure beam 5, the foot 6, the side beam 7, the cross beam 8 and the silicon steel sheet of the iron yoke 2 are provided with iron
  • the insulating cushion block 4 corresponding to the curved side of the circular arc or the curved side of the stepped bending line of the yoke 2 supports and compresses the silicon steel sheet of the iron yoke 2 and the compression stem 1.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) Since the cross section of the iron yoke is the edge located in the iron core window and the two adjacent edges are straight lines, the edge located outside the iron core window is an arc formed by stacking silicon steel sheets with gradual widths.
  • the area of the corresponding magnetic permeable unit is proportional or approximately proportional, so that the magnetic density in the iron yoke is equal or approximately equal, and the area of excessive magnetic density is eliminated, and there is no longer excessive magnetic density and overheating.
  • the iron core structure of the present invention has good reliability, low loss, and structure The process is simple and the cost is low.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)

Abstract

一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，心柱截面是圆柱形或圆环形，铁轭的截面是位于铁心窗口内的边及与其相邻的两边是直线，位于铁心窗口外的边是由片宽渐变的硅钢片叠成的圆弧边或者是由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片叠成的阶梯折线曲边，铁轭中以硅钢片叠厚划分的有限元或以阶梯厚度划分的有限元，每一导磁单元的面积与心柱中对应单元的面积成比例或近似成比例；在压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等处，采用与铁轭圆弧边或阶梯形折线边对应的绝缘垫块支撑和压紧铁心。可靠性好、损耗小、结构和工艺简单、成本低。

Description

一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构 技术领域
本发明属于电感器技术领域，具体地说是涉及一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构。
背景技术
铁心电抗器易发生局部过热和易产生大振动是危及安全的两个世界性难题，目前我国几乎所有运行的低电压电抗器(低抗)多发局部过热，尤其干式电抗器，无论单相还是三相的，也无论是直线形铁轭还是圆环形铁轭，几乎全有温升偏高或过热故障，甚至烧毁。其过热多发生在铁轭上，说明温升偏高是磁通分布不均带来的带来的必然，即局部磁密过高，产生的损耗太大以至温升高。造成这种后果的根源是产品结构原因：现有技术所有铁心基本结构是铁心饼是圆环形或圆柱形、铁轭的截面是矩形，以矩形截面的铁轭来对应圆环形或圆柱形心柱的必然结果是铁轭中各处磁密不均匀，采用矩形截面铁轭的目的是便于通过铁轭可靠压紧心柱压制振动。
现有技术的不足之处在于：第一，铁轭、心柱、线圈的几何形状及相对位置关系，使铁轭中磁通分布不均，中轭的磁通和磁密大于边轭磁通和磁密，中轭损耗大易过热，这由图7中一组等距的平行线把铁轭叠厚和心柱及漏磁区域划分为多个相对应的导磁单元可以明显看出，心柱各小区域面积从中轭向两边轭面积逐渐减小，与其对应的铁轭各小区域面积相等，说明中轭所接收的主磁通大于边轭所接收的主磁通，使中轭主磁通密度大；另一方面，漏磁区是心柱外径与等效 螺线管之间的区域，铁轭所覆盖的漏磁区中各小区域面积基本相等，说明中轭所接收的漏磁通基本等于边轭所接收的漏磁通，而且从量值对比上来说漏磁密度远远低于主磁通密度，所以对于铁轭各小区域来讲所接收的漏磁通即使有差别，对其总磁密有影响也不很明显，中轭磁密过高而边轭磁密过低的结果是中轭导磁能力不足易过热、边轭导磁能力过剩、总损耗大，且中轭磁密过高使谐波大，使电力传输品质下降；第二，由于磁通总要选择磁阻最小的回路流通，中轭磁密过高或者远远大于边轭磁密，中轭中的部分磁通必然要逐渐向边轭分磁，此过程穿硅钢片大表面，在被穿的硅钢片中产生大涡流和涡流损耗使其易过热，使总损耗大。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺陷，本发明提供了一种可靠性高、磁场分布均匀、磁力线不横穿硅钢片、损耗小、结构和工艺简单、成本低的一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构。
一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，包括心柱、铁轭、绝缘垫块、压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等；
所述铁心结构的基本结构为“口”字形铁轭正中立一个心柱，在心柱上套绝缘层及线圈；
所述“口”字形铁轭的上下边分别称为上下轭、两竖边称为旁轭，其横截面是特殊四边形；
所述铁轭的四边形的四边中位于铁心窗口内的边是直线，是由硅钢片端面平齐叠而形成的；与上个边相邻的两个边是直线，是处于叠 厚最外面的硅钢片自身的平面；位于“口”字形铁轭外缘的第四边是由片宽渐变或由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片在片宽上一边取齐而另一边逐渐错开或阶跃错开而形成的；
所述铁轭上下端面的正中心设有横梁，所述横梁与铁轭水平上垂直；所述铁轭的上端面在横梁的两侧设有压梁，在所述铁轭的下端面对应于压梁位置设有垫脚；所述铁轭的两侧的上下顶端和底端共四处，均设有侧梁。
进一步地，在压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等与铁轭的硅钢片之间，采用与铁轭圆弧边或阶梯形折线边对应的绝缘垫块支撑和压紧所述铁轭的所有硅钢片及心柱。
进一步地，所述心柱由圆环形或圆柱形心饼摞成。
进一步地，所述心柱截面是圆环形或圆柱形，所述铁轭的横截面中，位于铁心窗口内的边及与其相邻的两边是直线，位于铁心窗口外的边是由片宽渐变的硅钢片叠成的圆弧边或者是由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片叠成的阶梯折线曲边，铁轭中以硅钢片叠厚划分的有限元或以阶梯厚度划分的有限元，每一导磁单元的面积与心柱中对应单元的面积成比例或近似成比例，即所述铁轭的各部分导磁面积与所覆盖的心柱的各对应部分导磁面积对应成比例。
进一步地，所述铁轭上设有夹件，所述夹件夹紧铁轭硅钢片，为无磁钢板或普通钢板制成，与压梁、垫脚、侧梁和横梁联接成一个框架。
本发明达到的有益效果是：
(1)由于铁轭的截面是位于铁心窗口内的边及与其相邻的两边是直线，位于铁心窗口外的边是由片宽渐变的硅钢片叠成的圆弧边或者是由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片叠成的阶梯折线曲边，铁轭中以圆弧边划分的有限元或以阶梯厚度划分的有限元，每一导磁单元的面积与心柱对应导磁单元的面积成比例或近似成比例，使铁轭中各处磁密相等或近似相等，消除了磁密过高区域，不再有会磁密过高而产生过热的情况，且消除了边轭的过剩功能。
(2)由于铁轭2各处磁密相等或近似相等，消除了磁通在片间横穿，不再有会有因磁力线横穿而产生的大涡流损耗造成过热的情况。
(3)由于不再有会磁密过高区，有效抑制了谐波，保证了电力传输品质。
(4)由于在压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等处与铁轭硅钢片之间，采用与铁轭圆弧边或阶梯形折线边对应的绝缘垫块，所以仍然能保证可以压紧铁心及器身。
(5)本发明的铁心结构可靠性好、损耗小、结构和工艺简单、成本低。
附图说明
图1是本发明的单相铁心结构示意图；
图2是图1的左视图；
图3是图1的俯视图；
图4是本发明的三相五柱铁心结构示意图；
图5是图4的俯视图；
图6是图1至图5中铁轭截面的旋转剖视图。
其中，1-心柱，2-铁轭，3-线圈，4-绝缘垫块，5-压梁，6-垫脚，7-侧梁，8-横梁，9-绝缘层，10-夹件。
具体实施方式
下面结合说明书附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明。
一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，包括心柱1、铁轭2、绝缘垫块4、压梁5、垫脚6、侧梁7、横梁8等。
所述铁心结构的基本结构为“口”字形铁轭2正中立一个心柱1，在心柱1上套绝缘层9及线圈3。
所述“口”字形铁轭2的上下边分别称为上下轭、两竖边称为旁轭，其横截面是特殊四边形。
所述铁轭2的四边形的四边中位于铁心窗口内的边是直线，是由硅钢片端面平齐叠而形成的；与上个边相邻的两个边是直线，是处于叠厚最外面的硅钢片自身的平面；位于“口”字形铁轭外缘的第四边是由片宽渐变或由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片在片宽上一边取齐而另一边逐渐错开或阶跃错开而形成的。
所述铁轭2上下端面的正中心设有横梁8，所述横梁8与铁轭2水平上垂直；所述铁轭2的上端面在横梁8的两侧设有压梁5，在所述铁轭2的下端面对应于压梁5位置设有垫脚6；所述铁轭2的两侧的上下顶端和底端共四处，均设有侧梁7。
在压梁5、垫脚6、侧梁7、横梁8等与铁轭2的硅钢片之间，采用与铁轭圆弧边或阶梯形折线边对应的绝缘垫块4支撑和压紧所述铁轭2的所有硅钢片及心柱1。
所述心柱1由圆环形或圆柱形心饼摞成。
所述心柱1截面是圆环形或圆柱形，所述铁轭2的横截面中，位于铁心窗口内的边及与其相邻的两边是直线，位于铁心窗口外的边是由片宽渐变的硅钢片叠成的圆弧边或者是由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片叠成的阶梯折线曲边，铁轭2中以硅钢片叠厚划分的有限元或以阶梯厚度划分的有限元，每一导磁单元的面积与心柱1中对应单元的面积成比例或近似成比例，即所述铁轭2的各部分导磁面积与所覆盖的心柱1的各对应部分导磁面积对应成比例。
所述铁轭上设有夹件10，所述夹件10夹紧铁轭2硅钢片，为无磁钢板或普通钢板制成，与压梁6、垫脚6、侧梁7和横梁8联接成一个框架。
参照图1-3，在采用单相铁心结构时，基本结构是“口”字形铁轭2正中立一个心柱1，心柱1由圆环形或圆柱形心饼摞成，在心柱1上套绝缘9及线圈3，“口”字形铁轭2的上下边分别称为上下轭、两竖边称为旁轭，其横截面是特殊四边形。该四边形的四边中位于铁心窗口内的边是直线，是由硅钢片端面平齐叠而形成的；与上个边相邻的两个边是直线，是处于叠厚最外面的硅钢片自身的平面；位于“口”字形铁轭外缘的第四边是由片宽渐变或由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片在片宽上一边取齐而另一边逐渐错开或阶跃错开而形成的。为了从下方支 撑、从上方压紧铁轭2的所有硅钢片及压紧心柱1，在压梁5、垫脚6、侧梁7、横梁8与铁轭2的硅钢片之间设置具有与铁轭2的圆弧曲边或阶梯折线曲边对应的圆弧曲边或阶梯折线曲边的绝缘垫块4，支撑和压紧所述铁轭2的硅钢片及心柱1。
参照图4-5，在采用三相五柱铁心结构时，基本结构是“口”字形铁轭2正中立三个心柱1，心柱1由圆环形或圆柱形心饼摞成，在每个心柱1上套绝缘9及线圈3，“口”字形铁轭2的上下边分别称为上下轭、两竖边称为旁轭，其横截面是特殊四边形。该四边形的四边中位于铁心窗口内的边是直线，是由硅钢片端面平齐叠而形成的；与上个边相邻的两个边是直线，是处于叠厚最外面的硅钢片自身的平面；位于“口”字形铁轭外缘的第四边是由片宽渐变或由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片在片宽上一边取齐而另一边逐渐错开或阶跃错开而形成的。为了从下方支撑、从上方压紧铁轭2的所有硅钢片及压紧心柱1，在压梁5、垫脚6、侧梁7、横梁8与铁轭2的硅钢片之间设置具有与铁轭2的圆弧曲边或阶梯折线曲边对应的圆弧曲边或阶梯折线曲边的绝缘垫块4，支撑和压紧所述铁轭2的硅钢片及压紧心柱1。
本发明的有益效果是：(1)由于铁轭的截面是位于铁心窗口内的边及与其相邻的两边是直线，位于铁心窗口外的边是由片宽渐变的硅钢片叠成的圆弧边或者是由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片叠成的阶梯折线曲边，铁轭中以圆弧边划分的有限元或以阶梯厚度划分的有限元，每一导磁单元的面积与心柱对应导磁单元的面积成比例或近似成比例，使铁轭中各处磁密相等或近似相等，消除了磁密过高区域，不再有会 磁密过高而产生过热的情况，且消除了边轭的过剩功能；(2)由于铁轭2各处磁密相等或近似相等，消除了磁通在片间横穿，不再有会有因磁力线横穿而产生的大涡流损耗造成过热的情况；(3)由于不再有会磁密过高区，有效抑制了谐波，保证了电力传输品质；(4)由于在压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等处与铁轭硅钢片之间，采用与铁轭圆弧边或阶梯形折线边对应的绝缘垫块，所以仍然能保证可以压紧铁心及器身；(5)本发明的铁心结构可靠性好、损耗小、结构和工艺简单、成本低。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施方式，本发明的保护范围并不以上述实施方式为限，但凡本领域普通技术人员根据本发明所揭示内容所作的等效修饰或变化，皆应纳入权利要求书中记载的保护范围内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，包括心柱、铁轭、绝缘垫块、压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等，其特征在于：
    所述铁心结构的基本结构为“口”字形铁轭正中立一个心柱，在心柱上套绝缘层及线圈；
    所述“口”字形铁轭的上下边分别称为上下轭、两竖边称为旁轭，其横截面是特殊四边形；
    所述铁轭的四边形的四边中位于铁心窗口内的边是直线，是由硅钢片端面平齐叠而形成的；与上个边相邻的两个边是直线，是处于叠厚最外面的硅钢片自身的平面；位于“口”字形铁轭外缘的第四边是由片宽渐变或由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片在片宽上一边取齐而另一边逐渐错开或阶跃错开而形成的；
    所述铁轭上下端面的正中心设有横梁，所述横梁与铁轭水平上垂直；所述铁轭的上端面在横梁的两侧设有压梁，在所述铁轭的下端面对应于压梁位置设有垫脚；所述铁轭的两侧的上下顶端和底端共四处，均设有侧梁。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，其特征在于：在压梁、垫脚、侧梁、横梁等与铁轭的硅钢片之间，采用与铁轭圆弧边或阶梯形折线边对应的绝缘垫块支撑和压紧所述铁轭的所有硅钢片及心柱。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，其特征在于：所述心柱由圆环形或圆柱形心饼摞成。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，其特征在于：所述心柱截面是圆环形或圆柱形，所述铁轭的横截面中，位于铁心窗口内的边及与其相邻的两边是直线，位于铁心窗口外的边是由片宽渐变的硅钢片叠成的圆弧边或者是由片宽阶跃变的硅钢片叠成的阶梯折线曲边，铁轭中以硅钢片叠厚划分的有限元或以阶梯厚度划分的有限元，每一导磁单元的面积与心柱中对应单元的面积成比例或近似成比例，即所述铁轭的各部分导磁面积与所覆盖的心柱的各对应部分导磁面积对应成比例。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种铁心电抗器的铁心结构，其特征在于：所述铁轭上设有夹件，所述夹件夹紧铁轭硅钢片，为无磁钢板或普通钢板制成，与压梁、垫脚、侧梁和横梁联接成一个框架。
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