WO2020243900A1 - 一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具及浇铸工艺 - Google Patents

一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具及浇铸工艺 Download PDF

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WO2020243900A1
WO2020243900A1 PCT/CN2019/089968 CN2019089968W WO2020243900A1 WO 2020243900 A1 WO2020243900 A1 WO 2020243900A1 CN 2019089968 W CN2019089968 W CN 2019089968W WO 2020243900 A1 WO2020243900 A1 WO 2020243900A1
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Prior art keywords
mold
casting
steel
pouring
temperature alloy
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French (fr)
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周菊明
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Shanghai Changqiang Industrial Technology Ltd Co
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Shanghai Changqiang Industrial Technology Ltd Co
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Priority to US17/596,174 priority Critical patent/US11858032B2/en
Priority to EP19932020.1A priority patent/EP3978162B1/en
Publication of WO2020243900A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020243900A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/20—Stack moulds, i.e. arrangement of multiple moulds or flasks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/065—Cooling or heating equipment for moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2069—Exerting after-pressure on the moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2209—Selection of die materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2218—Cooling or heating equipment for dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2272—Sprue channels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of casting technology, in particular to a high-temperature alloy pressure casting mold and casting process for impellers and guide vanes.
  • the impellers and guide vanes of traditional pumps and valves all adopt precision lost wax casting process.
  • the precision lost wax casting process solves the problem of complex product shapes
  • the castings manufactured by this process have the following shortcomings: 1. There are many risers, the process yield is low, and the cost is difficult to effectively control. 2. The shrinkage cavity problem cannot be effectively solved, and the quality of castings cannot be guaranteed. 3. Each casting can only form one finished casting.
  • the castings of the precision lost wax casting process have many risers, which require more than the weight of the riser's self-weight molten steel pressure to feed, which results in the same weight of molten steel can only produce a small amount of castings, and the cost is difficult to obtain Effective control.
  • the double-suction impeller of German KSB, OMEGA 200 casting weight is 67.85kg
  • the weight of the riser is 110.27kg
  • the total weight is 178.12kg
  • 1425kg of molten steel can only cast 8 finished double-suction impellers.
  • the production rate of the precision lost wax casting process is about 40%, resulting in a waste of about 60%.
  • the shrinkage cavity of the precision lost wax casting process requires more feeder deadweight steel pressure than its own weight to feed, but the feeding effect is not ideal, the problem cannot be effectively solved, and repair welding is required. This also makes it difficult to guarantee the quality of casting products. Therefore, in some areas that require high quality casting products, such as nuclear power, it is not possible to use precision lost wax casting finished products.
  • the precision lost wax casting process can only form one piece of finished casting each time, and the production efficiency is low.
  • 1425kg of molten steel needs to be cast in 8 times, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
  • common casting molds are generally all-steel molds, and steel molds are generally adapted to temperatures of 1100°C-1300°C. When the casting temperature exceeds 1400°C, the steel mold will melt.
  • the casting material of the impeller and guide vane is stainless steel. The melting point of stainless steel is 1450°C, and the actual casting temperature is 1520°C.
  • the shape of the inner cavity of the impeller and guide vane is extremely complicated. Therefore, common all-steel die casting molds cannot be used for casting impellers and guide vanes.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a high-temperature alloy pressure casting mold and casting process for impellers and guide vanes to adapt to the high-temperature alloy casting above 1400°C, and to reduce the riser and shrinkage holes. , Improve the quality of castings, improve the production rate and production efficiency, and reduce costs.
  • the present invention is a high-temperature alloy pressure casting mold for impeller and guide vane, including a pouring main pipe, a lower injection pipe, and a forming steel mold assembly. It is characterized in that: a plurality of forming steel mold assemblies surround the casting main pipe
  • the pouring header is equipped with a pressure device, and the bottom of the pouring header is connected with the pouring port at the bottom of the forming steel mold assembly by a lower pouring pipe.
  • the pouring header includes a steel sleeve and a ceramic layer, and the ceramic layer is attached to the inside of the steel sleeve.
  • the lower injection pipe includes steel pipe and ceramic pipe, and the steel pipe is sleeved outside the ceramic pipe.
  • the volume of the pouring port is larger than the partial volume of any part of the impeller and the guide vane casting.
  • the forming steel mold assembly includes several forming steel molds.
  • the forming steel molds include an upper steel mold, a lower steel mold and a core.
  • the surfaces of the upper steel mold and the lower steel mold are coated with pickax powder coating, and the upper steel mold, There is a core in the lower steel mold.
  • the said formed steel mold is provided with a cooling water circulation pipeline.
  • a metal bracket is arranged in the core.
  • the pressure device is a pressure column located on the top of the pouring manifold.
  • a high-temperature alloy pressure casting process for impellers and guide vanes is characterized in that it is prepared according to the following steps: Step 1, injecting molten steel into the pouring header in the middle of the mold, and the metal inclusions in the molten steel are suspended on the surface of the molten steel.
  • the height difference between the liquid level and the top of the inner surface of the forming steel mold is 120mm ⁇ 400mm.
  • Step 2 press the pouring manifold, and the molten steel in the pouring manifold flows into the lower injection pipe, and flows into each forming steel mold from bottom to top through the pouring port
  • step 3 during the crystallization process of the molten steel in the forming steel mold, the pressure obtained by the pouring manifold is transferred to the molten steel in the forming steel mold in liquid form, so that the molten steel fills the inner cavity of the forming steel mold, steps 4, 3- After 5 minutes, the molten steel in the forming steel mold crystallizes and forms impeller and guide vane castings.
  • the molten steel at the pouring port is liquid.
  • Step 5 The molten steel at the pouring port feeds the shrinkage cavity and forms a riser.
  • Step 6 The impeller and guide vane castings are cooled and demoulded.
  • the process of applying pressure to the pouring manifold is as follows: in 3-4 minutes, the pressure is increased from 100 kg to 10,000 kg at a constant speed.
  • the present invention has improved the structure of the mold, so that the casting mold can adapt to the high-temperature alloy casting above 1400 DEG C, and realizes the molding of multiple sets of impellers and guide vanes at one time, thereby improving the production efficiency.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
  • the present invention is a high-temperature alloy pressure casting mold for impellers and guide vanes, including a pouring main pipe, a lower pouring pipe, and forming steel mold components.
  • Several forming steel mold components 2 surround the pouring main pipe 1.
  • the pouring header 1 is equipped with a pressure device.
  • the bottom of the pouring header 1 and the pouring port at the bottom of the forming steel mold assembly 2 are connected by a lower pouring pipe 3.
  • the pouring header 1 includes a steel sleeve 11 and a ceramic layer 12.
  • the ceramic layer 12 is attached to the inner surface of the steel sleeve 11,
  • the lower injection pipe 3 includes a steel pipe 31 and a ceramic pipe 32, and the steel pipe 31 is sleeved outside the ceramic pipe 32.
  • the volume of the pouring port is ⁇ 130 ⁇ 400mm 3
  • the maximum wall thickness of the impeller and the guide vane casting is 51mm
  • the volume of the pouring port is larger than the partial volume of any part of the impeller and the guide vane casting.
  • the forming steel mold assembly 2 includes several forming steel molds 21.
  • the forming steel mold 21 includes an upper steel mold 211, a lower steel mold 212, and a core 213.
  • the surfaces of the upper steel mold 211 and the lower steel mold 212 are coated with Pickle powder coating, the upper steel mold 211 and the lower steel mold 212 are provided with a core 213.
  • a cooling water circulation pipe is provided on the forming steel mold 21.
  • the core 213 is provided with a metal bracket, which plays a supporting role and can be used repeatedly.
  • the pressure device is a pressure column 4, which is located at the top of the pouring manifold 1.
  • the high-temperature alloy pressure casting process of impeller and guide vane is prepared as follows: Step 1, inject molten steel into the pouring header in the middle of the mold, the pouring temperature of molten steel is 1470°C ⁇ 1520°C, and the metal inclusions in molten steel are suspended in the molten steel. To prevent metal inclusions from entering the forming steel mold 21, the height difference between the liquid level of the molten steel and the top of the inner surface of the forming steel mold is 120mm-400mm, and the height difference enables the molten steel to be injected into the forming steel mold faster.
  • Step 2 Pressure is applied to the pouring header, and the molten steel in the pouring header flows into the lower pouring pipe, and flows into each forming steel mold from bottom to top through the pouring port.
  • the process of giving pressure to the pouring manifold is as follows: in 3-4 minutes, the pressure increases from 100 kg to 10,000 kg at a constant speed. To reduce the weight of the riser, to ensure that the gold-cut surface layer inside the casting does not have shrinkage holes, and the impeller and guide vane castings do not need repair welding, and the quality of the castings is improved to meet the needs of various industries.
  • Step 3 During the crystallization process of the molten steel in the forming steel mold, the pressure obtained by the pouring header is transferred to the molten steel in the forming steel mold in liquid form, so that the molten steel fills the inner cavity of the forming steel mold.
  • water cooling can be performed. When the temperature of the attached chip drops to 1300°C, the mold can be cooled by water to increase productivity and protect the mold.
  • Step 4 After 3-5 minutes, the molten steel in the forming steel mold crystallizes and forms impeller and guide vane castings, and the molten steel at the pouring port is liquid.
  • Step 5 The molten steel in the pouring port will feed the shrinkage cavity and form a riser.
  • Step 6 the impeller and guide vane castings are cooled and demoulded.
  • the weight of molten steel is 1420kg, there are 18 casts of impeller and guide vane formed.
  • the present invention began to produce 28 milliliters of shrinkage holes at 26s after pouring, and after 3 minutes, a total of 760 shrinkage holes were generated, with a total weight of about 527g.
  • the volume of the pouring port is ⁇ 130 ⁇ 400mm 3
  • the molten steel at the pouring port is about 37kg
  • the total of 18 impeller and guide vane castings requires a total of 527g ⁇ 18, which is about 9.5kg, which greatly reduces the weight of the riser, thus making the process product
  • the rate increased to over 85%.
  • the ceramic layer 12, the ceramic tube 32 and the powder paint are arranged so that the casting mold can adapt to the high temperature alloy casting at a temperature above 1400°C.
  • the invention can realize forming 18 pieces of impellers and guide vanes at a time, and improves the production efficiency. Adopting the pressure supply design of the pressure casting manifold, the riser and shrinkage are reduced, while the quality of the casting is improved, the process yield is increased to over 85%, which reduces the production cost.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，其包括浇注总管（1）、下注管（3）、成型钢模组件（2），若干个成型钢模组件围绕在浇注总管的周围，浇注总管设有压力装置，浇注总管的底部与成型钢模组件底部的浇注口之间采用下注管连接，并采用总管给压的方式进行浇铸。以及一种使用该浇铸模具进行叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺。通过模具结构的改进，使浇铸模具能够适应1400℃以上的高温合金浇铸，并实现一次成型多套叶轮、导叶，提高了生产效率；采用压力浇铸总管的给压设计，实现了冒口及缩孔的减少，提升了铸件质量的同时，也提升了工艺出品率，降低了生产成本。

Description

一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具及浇铸工艺 技术领域
本发明涉及浇铸技术领域，具体地说是一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具及浇铸工艺。
背景技术
传统泵、阀的叶轮、导叶均采用精密失蜡浇铸工艺。虽然精密失蜡浇铸工艺解决了产品形状复杂的难题，但是采用该工艺制造的铸件存在以下缺点：1,冒口多，工艺出品率低，成本难以得到有效控制。2，缩孔问题无法有效解决,铸件质量难以得到保证。3，每次浇铸只能形成一件铸件成品。
精密失蜡浇铸工艺的铸件有很多冒口，需比本体重的多的冒口自重钢液压力来补缩，这也就导致了同样重量的钢液只能生产少量的铸件，成本难以得到有效控制。如德国凯士比的双吸叶轮，OMEGA 200铸件重量为67.85kg，冒口重量为110.27kg，总重量为178.12kg，1425kg的钢液只能浇铸8件双吸叶轮成品。经测算，精密失蜡浇铸工艺的工艺出品率约为40％，产生约60％的费料。
精密失蜡浇铸工艺的铸件缩孔需比本体重的多的冒口自重钢液压力来补缩，但补缩效果并不理想，问题无法有效解决,需要进行补焊。这也导致了铸件产品质量难以得到保证。因此，在一些对铸件产品质量要求较高的领域中，如核电等，还不能使用精密失蜡浇铸工艺的铸件成品。
由于模具结构和工艺方法的限制，精密失蜡浇铸工艺每次浇铸只能形成一件铸件成品，生产效率低下。以德国凯士比的双吸叶轮为例，1425kg的钢液需要分8次进行浇铸，费时费力。
此外，常见的铸件模具一般为全钢模，钢模一般适应的温度为1100℃-1300℃，当浇铸温度超过1400℃时，钢模会发生溶化。叶轮、导叶的浇铸材料 为不锈钢，不锈钢的熔点为1450℃，实际浇铸温度为1520℃。此外，叶轮、导叶的内腔形状极其复杂。因此，常见的全钢模铸件模具无法用于叶轮、导叶的浇铸。
因此，需要设计一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具及浇铸工艺，以适应1400℃以上的高温合金浇铸，同时能够实现冒口及缩孔的减少、提升铸件质量、提升工艺出品率和生产效率、降低成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足，提供了一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具及浇铸工艺，以适应1400℃以上的高温合金浇铸，同时能够实现冒口及缩孔的减少、提升铸件质量、提升工艺出品率和生产效率、降低成本。
为了达到上述目的，本发明是一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，包括浇注总管、下注管、成型钢模组件，其特征在于：若干个成型钢模组件围绕在浇注总管的周围，浇注总管设有压力装置，浇注总管的底部与成型钢模组件底部的浇注口之间采用下注管连接，浇注总管包括钢套和陶瓷层，陶瓷层贴附在钢套的内表面，下注管包括钢管和陶瓷管，钢管套设在陶瓷管外。
所述的浇注口的体积大于叶轮、导叶铸件任一部位的局部体积。
所述的成型钢模组件包括若干个成型钢模，成型钢模包括上钢模、下钢模和坭芯，上钢模、下钢模表面涂覆有镐英粉涂料，上钢模、下钢模内设有坭芯。
所述的成型钢模上设有冷却水循环管道。
所述的坭芯内设有金属支架。
所述的压力装置为压力柱，位于浇注总管的顶部。
一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺，其特征在于：按如下步骤制备：步骤1，将钢水注入模具中部的浇注总管，钢水内的金属夹杂物悬浮在钢水的液 面上，钢水的液面与成型钢模内表面顶部之间的高度差为120mm～400mm，步骤2，对浇注总管给压，浇注总管内的钢水流入下注管，并通过浇注口从下至上流入各个成型钢模内，步骤3，在成型钢模内的钢液结晶过程中，浇注总管获得的压力通过液态形式传递至成型钢模内的钢液，使钢液充满成型钢模内腔，步骤4，3-5分钟后，成型钢模内的钢液结晶并形成叶轮、导叶铸件，浇注口的钢液呈液态，步骤5，浇注口的钢液对缩孔进行补缩并形成冒口，步骤6，叶轮、导叶铸件冷却并脱模。
所述的钢水的浇注温度为1470℃～1520℃，钢水的重量为1420kg时，成型的叶轮、导叶铸件为18件。
所述的浇注总管给压的过程为：在3-4分钟内，压力由100千克匀速增加至10000千克。
在成型钢模内的钢液结晶过程中，进行水冷却。
本发明同现有技术相比，通过模具结构的改进，使浇铸模具能够适应1400℃以上的高温合金浇铸，并实现一次成型多套叶轮、导叶，提高了生产效率。采用压力浇铸总管的给压设计，实现冒口及缩孔的减少，提升铸件质量的同时，也提升工艺出品率，降低了生产成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明的示意图。
图2为本发明的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
现结合附图对本发明做进一步描述。
参见图1、图2，本发明是一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，包括浇注总管、下注管、成型钢模组件，若干个成型钢模组件2围绕在浇注总管1 的周围，浇注总管1设有压力装置，浇注总管1的底部与成型钢模组件2底部的浇注口之间采用下注管3连接，浇注总管1包括钢套11和陶瓷层12，陶瓷层12贴附在钢套11的内表面，下注管3包括钢管31和陶瓷管32，钢管31套设在陶瓷管32外。
本发明中，浇注口的体积为Φ130×400mm 3，叶轮、导叶铸件的最大壁厚为51mm，浇注口的体积大于叶轮、导叶铸件任一部位的局部体积。浇注口钢液温度在浇注过程中始终高于叶轮、导叶铸件，使得压力能够一直以液态传递，直至叶轮、导叶铸件的内部全部结晶。
本发明中，成型钢模组件2包括若干个成型钢模21，成型钢模21包括上钢模211、下钢模212和坭芯213，上钢模211、下钢模212表面涂覆有镐英粉涂料，上钢模211、下钢模212内设有坭芯213。以18件叶轮、导叶铸件为例，成型钢模组件2为三个，成型钢模21为六个。其中，为了便于快速冷却，成型钢模21上设有冷却水循环管道。坭芯213内设有金属支架，金属支架起到支撑作用，可反复使用。压力装置为压力柱4，位于浇注总管1的顶部。
叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺，按如下步骤制备：步骤1，将钢水注入模具中部的浇注总管，钢水的浇注温度为1470℃～1520℃，钢水内的金属夹杂物悬浮在钢水的液面上，避免金属夹杂物进入成型钢模21内，钢水的液面与成型钢模内表面顶部之间的高度差为120mm～400mm，高度差使钢水能够更快地注入成型钢模内。
步骤2，对浇注总管给压，浇注总管内的钢水流入下注管，并通过浇注口从下至上流入各个成型钢模内。浇注总管给压的过程为：在3-4分钟内，压力由100千克匀速增加至10000千克。达到减少冒口重量，确保铸件内部的金切表面层没有缩孔，叶轮、导叶铸件不需要补焊，提升铸件质量，以满足各行业需要。
步骤3，在成型钢模内的钢液结晶过程中，浇注总管获得的压力通过液态形式传递至成型钢模内的钢液，使钢液充满成型钢模内腔。在成型钢模内的钢液结晶过程中，可以进行水冷却。在另附芯片温度降到1300℃时，模具可进行水冷却，从而提高产能，并保护模具。
步骤4，3-5分钟后，成型钢模内的钢液结晶并形成叶轮、导叶铸件，浇注口的钢液呈液态。
步骤5，浇注口的钢液对缩孔进行补缩并形成冒口。
步骤6，叶轮、导叶铸件冷却并脱模。钢水的重量为1420kg时，成型的叶轮、导叶铸件为18件。
经测试，本发明在浇注后26s时，开始产生28毫升的缩孔，在3分钟后，总共产生760个缩孔，总重约为527g。浇注口的体积为Φ130×400mm 3，浇注口钢液为37kg左右，18件叶轮、导叶铸件总共需要补液为527g×18，约为9.5kg，大大减少了冒口的重量，从而使工艺出品率提升至85％以上。
本发明通过陶瓷层12、陶瓷管32、镐英粉涂料的设置，使浇铸模具能够适应1400℃以上的高温合金浇铸。本发明能实现一次成型18件叶轮、导叶，提高了生产效率。采用压力浇铸总管的给压设计，实现冒口及缩孔的减少，提升铸件质量的同时，工艺出品率提升至85％以上，降低了生产成本。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，包括浇注总管、下注管、成型钢模组件，其特征在于：若干个成型钢模组件(2)围绕在浇注总管(1)的周围，浇注总管(1)设有压力装置，浇注总管(1)的底部与成型钢模组件(2)底部的浇注口之间采用下注管(3)连接，浇注总管(1)包括钢套(11)和陶瓷层(12)，陶瓷层(12)贴附在钢套(11)的内表面，下注管(3)包括钢管(31)和陶瓷管(32)，钢管(31)套设在陶瓷管(32)外。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，其特征在于：所述的浇注口的体积大于叶轮、导叶铸件任一部位的局部体积。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，其特征在于：所述的成型钢模组件(2)包括若干个成型钢模(21)，成型钢模(21)包括上钢模(211)、下钢模(212)和坭芯(213)，上钢模(211)、下钢模(212)表面涂覆有镐英粉涂料，上钢模(211)、下钢模(212)内设有坭芯(213)。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，其特征在于：所述的成型钢模(21)上设有冷却水循环管道。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，其特征在于：所述的坭芯(213)内设有金属支架。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸模具，其特征在于：所述的压力装置为压力柱(4)，位于浇注总管(1)的顶部。
  7. 一种如权利要求1所述的模具进行叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺，其特征在于：按如下步骤制备：步骤1，将钢水注入模具中部的浇注总管，钢水内的金属夹杂物悬浮在钢水的液面上，钢水的液面与成型钢模内表面顶部之间的高度差为120mm～400mm，步骤2，对浇注总管给压，浇注总管内的 钢水流入下注管，并通过浇注口从下至上流入各个成型钢模内，步骤3，在成型钢模内的钢液结晶过程中，浇注总管获得的压力通过液态形式传递至成型钢模内的钢液，使钢液充满成型钢模内腔，步骤4，3-5分钟后，成型钢模内的钢液结晶并形成叶轮、导叶铸件，浇注口的钢液呈液态，步骤5，浇注口的钢液对缩孔进行补缩并形成冒口，步骤6，叶轮、导叶铸件冷却并脱模。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺，其特征在于：所述的钢水的浇注温度为1470℃～1520℃，钢水的重量为1420kg时，成型的叶轮、导叶铸件为18件。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺，其特征在于：所述的浇注总管给压的过程为：在3-4分钟内，压力由100千克匀速增加至10000千克。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种叶轮、导叶的高温合金压力浇铸工艺，其特征在于：在成型钢模内的钢液结晶过程中，进行水冷却。
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