WO2020238282A1 - 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统 - Google Patents

外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2020238282A1
WO2020238282A1 PCT/CN2020/074388 CN2020074388W WO2020238282A1 WO 2020238282 A1 WO2020238282 A1 WO 2020238282A1 CN 2020074388 W CN2020074388 W CN 2020074388W WO 2020238282 A1 WO2020238282 A1 WO 2020238282A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
micro
turning tool
tool
external cooling
texture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/074388
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李长河
王晓铭
罗亮
曹华军
卢秉恒
李润泽
张彦彬
罗慧明
刁玉臣
徐海州
贾东洲
杨敏
侯亚丽
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Qingdao University of Technology
Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Qingdao University of Technology, Ningbo Sanhan Alloy Material Co Ltd filed Critical Qingdao University of Technology
Publication of WO2020238282A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020238282A1/zh
Priority to ZA2021/06162A priority Critical patent/ZA202106162B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/10—Cutting tools with special provision for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
    • B23B27/145—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1614—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert
    • B23B27/1622—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped against the walls of the recess in the shank by a clamping member acting upon the wall of a hole in the insert characterised by having a special shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/16—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped
    • B23B27/1625—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with exchangeable cutting bits or cutting inserts, e.g. able to be clamped with plate-like cutting inserts of special shape clamped by a clamping member acting almost perpendicularly on the chip-forming plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/10—Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
    • B23B2200/086—Rake or top surfaces with one or more grooves

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of mechanical processing, in particular to an externally cooled textured turning tool component with an additional nozzle, a turning process system coupled with nanofluid micro-lubrication and a micro-textured tool, and an intelligent supply method.
  • cutting fluid and additives can play the role of cooling, lubricating, cleaning, chip removal and rust prevention, they have been widely used, but they have also brought many negative effects, such as environmental pollution and harm Human health increases manufacturing costs, and improper use will increase tool wear and reduce the surface quality of the workpiece.
  • environmental protection regulations are becoming more and more stringent.
  • the cooling method of pouring a large amount of cutting fluid is no longer in line with the development direction of production. Measures must be taken. Change this resource-consuming manufacturing model to achieve green and sustainable production.
  • the traditional tribological view is that the smoother the two surfaces in contact with each other, the smaller the amount of wear.
  • the study of non-smooth morphological surfaces is the study of textured surfaces.
  • the so-called surface texture refers to the use of geometric graphics theory or bionics theory to design geometric microstructures with certain characteristics, and use laser processing to process microstructure arrays on the surface to change the surface geometry.
  • the lubrication effect of the lubricating oil on the friction pair watch seconds mainly depends on the relative movement between the two friction pairs, which drives the lubricating oil to form a lubricating film on the surface, reducing the direct contact between the surfaces of the two friction pairs to reduce friction and reduce wear.
  • there are pits or dents there will be lubricating oil in the pits or dents.
  • lubricating oil is sticky, it will stick.
  • a lubricating film is quickly formed on the surface under the drive of the surface, which shortens the formation time of the lubricating film, thereby playing the role of anti-friction and anti-wear.
  • Micro-lubrication cutting processing technology refers to a cutting processing method in which a small amount of lubricating fluid and a gas with a certain pressure are mixed and atomized, and then transported to the friction interface for cooling and lubrication.
  • the high-pressure gas is mainly used for cooling and chip removal.
  • the micro-lubrication reaches or even exceeds the lubrication effect of the casting type, and it replaces the traditional casting type cooling and lubrication, which shows great advantages and development prospects.
  • the research shows that the high-pressure gas with the atomization effect did not meet the expectations. That kind of good cooling effect.
  • Nanofluid micro-lubrication inherits all the advantages of micro-lubrication and solves the heat exchange problem of micro-lubrication cutting. It is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly, green and low-carbon cutting technology. Since the heat transfer performance of solids is greater than that of liquids, and the heat transfer performance of liquids is greater than the enhanced heat transfer mechanism of gas, an appropriate amount of nano-scale solid particles are added to the biodegradable micro-lubricating fluid to form nano-fluid, and the nano-fluid micro-lubricating fluid is compressed by gas. It is atomized and transported to the tool/chip interface in a jet.
  • Compressed gas mainly plays the role of cooling, removing chips and transporting nanofluids;
  • trace lubricating fluid mainly plays a role of lubrication;
  • nano particles strengthen the heat transfer capacity of the fluid in the cutting zone and play a good cooling effect.
  • nano particles play Good anti-wear and anti-friction characteristics and load-bearing capacity are achieved, thereby improving the lubrication effect of the grinding area, improving the surface quality and burns of the workpiece to a greater extent, effectively increasing the service life of the tool, and improving the working environment.
  • Gao Teng et al. invented an ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding fluid microchannel infiltration nanofluid micro-lubrication grinding device, application number 201711278067.1, which solves the problem that the thickness of undeformed debris in the prior art has a greater impact on the grinding process. From a microscopic point of view, it fully considers the lubrication state of a single abrasive particle when the material is removed during the grinding process, and effectively realizes the beneficial effect of ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding on improving the cooling and lubricating effect of nanofluid micro-lubrication.
  • the device includes an ultrasonic vibration mechanism that can adjust the spatial position of the ultrasonic vibrator, which is set on a worktable; a nanofluid micro-lubrication grinding mechanism is set above the workpiece fixing table; a grinding force measurement mechanism, including a force measurement
  • the dynamometer and the grinding force controller connected with the dynamometer are arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic vibration mechanism.
  • Liu Guotao and others invented a supersonic nozzle vortex tube refrigeration and nanofluid micro-lubrication coupling supply system patent number 201710005238.7, which consists of a low-temperature gas generator, a nano-fluid micro-lubrication supply system, a gas distribution control valve, and low-temperature oil and gas external mixed atomization Nozzle composition.
  • the low-temperature gas generating device adopts supersonic nozzles to increase the outlet velocity of the vortex tube nozzle.
  • the nozzle flow channel of the vortex tube is set to different streamline patterns to increase the vortex strength of the gas at the vortex tube nozzle and increase the degree of energy separation. It is used for the vortex tube heat pipe. Measures to strengthen heat exchange effectively improve refrigeration efficiency.
  • the electric motor drives the nanofluid micro-lubrication supply system, which can more conveniently and accurately control the supplied nanofluid flow.
  • the purpose of the embodiments of this specification is to provide an externally cooled textured turning tool component with an additional nozzle, which reduces chip friction and rake face wear during the cutting process, thereby realizing an extended tool life.
  • the external cooling turning tool holder is used as a bearing device, one end of which is provided with an external cooling turning tool blade, and an external cooling turning tool is provided between the external cooling turning tool blade and the structure of the external cooling turning tool holder carrying the blade Shim
  • the external cooling tool holder is also provided with external cooling tool pressing plate parts, and the external cooling tool pressing plate parts press the external cooling tool blades on the external cooling tool holder;
  • a texture is processed on the rake face of the external cooling turning tool blade, and nozzles are set up at a certain distance from the turning tool component.
  • Machine tool working system micro lubrication supply system and texture turning tool parts
  • a micro-lubrication supply system and texture turning tool components are installed on the machine tool working system;
  • the micro-lubrication supply system mainly provides pulsed lubrication and coolant for the textured turning tool parts
  • the textured turning tool component is the external cold textured turning tool component with the nozzle added above, the workpiece installed in the machine tool working system rotates, and the textured turning tool component moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system , Textured turning tool parts and the workpiece are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of workpiece material.
  • Textured turning tool parts need to be installed in the machine tool working system, and positioned and clamped;
  • the workpiece also needs to be installed on the machine tool working system, and positioning and clamping should be done well;
  • the lathe processing parameters are input to the micro-lubrication supply system, and the parameter matching database is established in the early stage to intelligently identify the cutting parameters and match the optimal fluid supply of the micro-lubrication supply system to realize the cutting volume and fluid supply Intelligent supply of quantity;
  • the workpiece While the workpiece is being processed, the workpiece always keeps rotating movement, and the textured turning tool component moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system. The textured turning tool component and the workpiece are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of workpiece material .
  • the present disclosure aims to improve the lubrication and friction conditions of the rake face during the machining process, thereby reducing the wear problem during the machining process.
  • the externally cooled texture turning tool component with the nozzle of the present disclosure realizes the nozzle with the atomization effect, and further realizes the precise and controllable supply of a trace amount of lubricating liquid.
  • the external cooling texture turning tool parts with nozzles are first of all convenient to replace and lower cost.
  • the external cooling turning tool of the present disclosure has simple structure, low manufacturing cost and good manufacturing technology. It is suitable for non-long-term processing or small batch production enterprises.
  • the present disclosure reduces the tool wear in the cutting process and prolongs the service life of the tool through the cooling and lubrication method of nanofluid micro-lubrication and the characteristics of texture and wear resistance.
  • the disclosed technology system of nanofluid micro-lubrication and textured tool coupling solves the problems of traditional lubrication methods such as pollution of the environment, harm to human health and increased manufacturing costs through the form of micro-lubrication, and realizes the environmental protection of cutting force.
  • Reduce and cutting heat transfer; on the other hand, surface texture can improve the friction performance of the friction pair.
  • the main reason is that the pits or dents of the surface texture can act as an oil reservoir and can timely form a lubricating film on the surface of the friction pair. , Thereby reducing the friction and wear on the surface of the friction pair and increasing the service life of the turning tool in the process system. Therefore, combining the above-mentioned various functions, the present invention realizes green manufacturing with long life and low energy consumption.
  • the disclosed process method for coupling nanofluid micro-lubrication and texture cutting tools can realize the green removal of various cutting materials including difficult-to-process materials with low damage and low energy consumption through the coupling effect of nanofluid micro-lubrication and texture cutting tools. .
  • the cutting parameters of the tool are theoretically guided.
  • the cutting parameters are intelligently identified and matched with the optimal liquid supply of the micro-lubrication supply system to realize the intelligent supply of cutting parameters and liquid supply.
  • the optimal lubrication condition in the microscopic state was found, that is, the lubrication condition in which nanofluid micro-lubrication and microtexture are coupled.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an externally cooled textured turning tool component with an external nozzle in the first embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of an externally cooled textured turning tool component with an additional nozzle in the first embodiment of the disclosure
  • Fig. 3 is an overall diagram of the nanofluid micro-lubrication turning tool process system of the second embodiment of the disclosure
  • Fig. 4 is an isometric view of the machine tool in the second embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 5 is a nanofluid micro-lubrication/micro-lubrication supply system of the second embodiment of the disclosure
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the force applied to the turning tool in the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the force coordinate analysis of the turning tool according to the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of different types of texture forms in an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the capillary phenomenon during the turning process of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 10 is a partial enlarged view of the capillary phenomenon in an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Fig. 11 is a microscopic schematic diagram of an embodiment of the disclosure in a dry cutting state
  • Fig. 12 is a microscopic schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present disclosure in a pouring type or micro lubrication state
  • Figure 13 is a microscopic schematic diagram of the nanofluid in the micro-lubrication state of the embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a triangular cross-sectional texture of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a quadrilateral cross-sectional texture according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an elliptical cross-sectional texture of an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the intelligent supply of micro-lubrication according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • I-machine tool working system II-workpiece, III-textured turning tool parts, IV-micro lubrication supply system;
  • III-4-a-open texture form III-4-b-mixed texture form, III-4-c-closed texture form, III-4-d-semi-open texture form;
  • IV-1-air inlet IV-2-pressure gauge
  • IV-3-micro lubricating oil storage cup IV-4-micro lubrication supply system box
  • IV-5-gas-liquid mixing outlet IV-6-precision micro Lubrication pump
  • IV-7-air volume adjustment device IV-8-supply volume adjustment device
  • IV-9-bifurcated pipeline IV-10-pulse generator outlet pipeline, IV-11-pulse generator, IV-12-Nozzle;
  • V-1-External cooling turning tool blade V-2-External cooling turning tool blade positioning pin, V-3-External cooling turning tool pressing plate parts, V-4-External cooling turning tool holder, V-5-External cooling Turning tool pad, V-6-external cooling turning tool pressing plate fastening screw;
  • VI-1-chips VI-2-nanoparticles, VI-3-textured turning tools, VI-4-micro lubricants, VI-5-micro chips, VI-6-micro capillary channels.
  • the externally cooled textured turning tool component with an external nozzle includes an externally cooled turning tool blade V-1, and the positioning of the externally cooled turning tool blade Pin V-2, external cooling turning tool clamp parts V-3, external cooling turning tool holder V-4, external cooling turning tool pad V-5, external cooling turning tool clamping screw V-6.
  • the external nozzle that is, the liquid supply pipeline of the micro-lubrication supply system
  • the nozzle IV-12 is connected to the nozzle IV-12. That is, the gas-liquid mixing outlet IV-5 is connected to the nozzle IV-12 through the pipeline, and the nozzle IV-12 is aligned with the chip tool friction area.
  • the micro-lubricating oil of the micro-lubrication supply system is atomized and sprayed to the tool friction interface of the turning tool part through the nozzle.
  • the turning tool parts cut the workpiece fixed on the working system of the machine tool so as to time the workpiece material removal material processing.
  • the structural characteristics of the positioning pin are: the upper part of the positioning pin of the external cooling turning tool blade is a pin, and the lower part is a thread, which is used to locate the external cooling tool shim and the external cooling turning tool shim.
  • External cooling tool pressing plate parts the specific can be seen in Figure 2.
  • the thread needs to be machined in the inner hole, and the screw is fixed in the proper position, thereby pressing the turning tool blade.
  • the external cooling turning tool blade V-1 is a turning tool blade with certain geometric requirements.
  • the rake face has a texture with a certain surface density, width and depth.
  • the external cooling tool shim V-5 has the same shape as the external cooling tool blade V-1, and the thickness and center hole dimensions are different. It is mainly to prevent the cutting resistance of the external cooling turning tool blade V-1 from being too large and deforming, and the cutting resistance of the external cooling turning tool blade V-1 is evenly transmitted to the external cooling through the external cooling turning tool pad V-5 On the turning tool holder V-4.
  • the external cooling tool pressing plate fastening screw V-6 is a screw with threads on both ends, and both ends are provided with an inner hexagon, so that it can be rotated by an inner hexagon wrench.
  • the external cooling turning tool pressing plate part V-3 is the pressing device of the external cooling turning tool blade V-1, which is installed on the external cooling turning tool holder V-4 through the external cooling turning tool pressing plate fastening screw V-6, and passing It presses the blade V-1 of the external cooling turning tool to play a clamping role.
  • the external cooling turning tool blade positioning pin V-2 is a special pin for positioning the external cooling turning tool blade V-1 and the external cooling turning tool pad V-5.
  • the external cooling tool holder V-4 is the bearing device of the external cooling tool blade V-1 and the external cooling tool cushion V-5. Its main function is to firmly connect the components of the external cooling tool together.
  • the screw is fixedly connected to the rotating tool post component I-11 of the machine tool system.
  • the rake face of the external cooling turning tool blade is processed with textures with a certain surface density, width and depth.
  • the textures include open textures, semi-open textures, closed textures and mixed textures.
  • the open texture means that the fluid in the texture can flow freely in the texture, that is, it can move in one direction and also flow in a direction at a certain angle to the direction.
  • Semi-open texture means that the fluid in the texture can only move in one direction under the action of the texture.
  • the closed texture means that the fluid in the texture does not move in other directions.
  • Hybrid textures are open, semi-open, closed textures in two combinations or three coexistence.
  • the new internal cooling turning tool component in this example realizes the design of a steerable internal cooling nozzle with atomization effect, thereby realizing the precise and controllable supply of a trace amount of lubricant.
  • This embodiment discloses a process system for coupling nanofluid micro-lubrication and textured cutters provided by the implementation of this specification, as shown in Figures 3-5, which is realized by the following technical solutions:
  • Machine tool working system micro lubrication supply system and texture turning tool parts
  • a micro-lubrication supply system and texture turning tool components are installed on the machine tool working system;
  • the micro-lubrication supply system mainly provides pulsed lubrication and coolant for the textured turning tool parts
  • the textured turning tool component is the externally cooled textured turning tool component with nozzles added in the first embodiment above.
  • the workpiece installed in the machine tool working system rotates.
  • the textured turning tool component is in the machine tool working system. Under the action of linear motion, the texture turning tool parts and the workpiece are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of workpiece material.
  • the machine tool working system II can be a normal lathe or a numerical control lathe.
  • the present invention takes a general lathe as an example to describe the entire process system. In the case of the same component or structure, the process system of the numerical control lathe still belongs to the content of the present invention .
  • Workpiece II is the part that needs to be processed, generally a rotary part.
  • Textured turning tool part III is mainly the cutting part of turning processing.
  • the micro-lubrication supply system IV mainly provides pulsed lubrication and coolant for the textured turning tool component III.
  • the working process of the whole system Before the whole system works, it is necessary to pour the formulated micro-lubricating oil or nano-fluid micro-lubricating oil into the micro-lubrication supply system IV.
  • the texture turning tool part III needs to be installed in the machine tool working system I , And do positioning and clamping.
  • the workpiece II also needs to be installed on the machine tool working system I, and the positioning and clamping work must be done.
  • the workpiece II While the workpiece II is being processed, the workpiece II always keeps rotating movement, and the texture turning tool part III moves linearly under the action of the machine tool working system I.
  • the texture turning tool part III and the workpiece II are sheared, thereby generating chips and realizing the removal of the workpiece II material.
  • the turning machine tool working system I includes a headstock I-1, an adjusting knob I-2, a workpiece clamping device I-3, a machine tool guide I-4, a turning tool part I-5, and a center I-6 , Top fixed knob I-7, screw motor I-8, tailstock seat I-9, machine tool tailstock I-10, rotary tool rest part I-11, longitudinal screw motor I-12.
  • the machine bed I-13 is mainly made of cast iron, which is processed by casting process. Its main function is to connect the various parts together and make the machine working system I stable on the ground.
  • the headstock I-1 is a complex transmission component of the turning machine tool work system I.
  • the rotation of the adjusting knob I-2 can adjust the transmission mechanism of the headstock I-1 to control the start and stop of the workpiece clamping device I-3, the rotation speed and the change of the rotation direction.
  • Workpiece clamping device I-3 can select devices such as three-jaw chuck, four-jaw chuck or faceplate according to the process requirements of actual parts processing; its main function is centering clamping.
  • the main function of the rotating tool post part I-11 is to install the fixed texture turning tool part III. It can install four knives at the same time.
  • the principle is to fix the textured turning tool component III on the rotating tool post component I-11 by bolts.
  • the longitudinal movement of the rotary tool post component I-11 is completed by the longitudinal screw motor I-12 driving the screw.
  • the machine tool guide rail I-4 is precisely matched with the worktable of the rotating tool post component I-11, so as to realize the lateral movement of the rotating tool post component I-11.
  • the screw motor I-8 is the power source of the screw rotation.
  • the machine tool tailstock base I-9 and the machine tool guide rail I-4 are precisely matched to realize the linear movement of the machine tool tailstock I-10 on the guide rail.
  • the top fixed knob I-7 is the fixed knob of the top I-6. By rotating the top fixed knob I-7, the top I-6 and the machine tailstock base I-9 are relatively stationary.
  • the top I-6 is an auxiliary device for the turning process.
  • the machine tool top I-6 can withstand the slender shaft to reduce the vibration of the slender shaft during the machining process and improve the workpiece Precision.
  • the center I-6 can be replaced by a drill for drilling the workpiece, or other types of tools for rotating the workpiece.
  • Workpiece II is generally a bar, but can also be a disc, sleeve or other workpiece with a revolving surface, such as inner and outer cylindrical surfaces, inner and outer conical surfaces, end surfaces, grooves, threads, and revolving forming surfaces.
  • the trace lubrication supply system is shown in Figure 5, including: air inlet IV-1, pressure gauge IV-2, trace lubricating oil storage cup IV-3, trace lubrication supply system box IV-4, gas-liquid mixing outlet IV- 5.
  • the air inlet IV-1 is the interface of an external air compressor, through which gas with a certain pressure enters.
  • the pressure gauge IV-2 is an air pressure monitoring device that enters the micro-lubrication supply system IV, which can directly observe the real-time pressure.
  • the trace lubricating oil storage cup IV-3 is a storage device for trace lubricating oil.
  • the lubricating oil in the trace lubricating oil storage cup IV-3 enters the precision micro lubrication pump IV-6 through the action of gravity.
  • the precision micro-lubrication pump IV-6 can produce a quantitative and uniform pulsed micro-lubricating oil supply under the action of the pulse generator IV-11.
  • the box IV-4 of the micro-lubrication supply system can be connected to each part of the micro-lubrication supply system IV through various connection methods.
  • the gas-liquid mixing outlet IV-5 is the outlet for trace lubricating oil and gas.
  • the trace lubricating oil pipeline is a thin tube, the gas pipeline is a thick tube, and the thin tube is nested by the thick tube.
  • the front end of the pulse generator IV-11 is connected with the high-pressure gas pipeline, and the back end is connected with the precision micro-lubrication pump IV-6, that is, the high-pressure gas from the air compressor is pulsed to the gas-liquid mixing outlet.
  • the supply volume adjustment device IV-8 is a knob, its working principle is similar to that of a faucet, and the amount of trace lubricant can be controlled by rotating the knob.
  • the air volume adjustment device IV-7 is a knob, and the knob can be adjusted to adjust the compressed air flow into the precision micro-lubrication pump.
  • the basic principle of the micro-lubrication supply system is to use pneumatic to transport the micro-lubricating oil to the nozzle in pulses (that is, interval), and then atomize it at the nozzle or the internal cooling tool, and spray it to the designated position. It can be added to the system as an outsourcing form. This article adds it to the content of the invention in the form of smart supply.
  • the micro-computer module can input the micro-lubrication supply system supply amount corresponding to the cutting parameters of long-term practical experience into the memory of the control unit.
  • the parameters are input to the signal input device, the data in the corresponding memory is extracted to the supply amount, and then the mechanical device adjustment knob of the micro-lubrication supply device is adjusted to adjust the supply amount.
  • the forces in the cutting process are cutting force F Z , back force F Y , and feed force F X.
  • the exponential formula of cutting force is through a large number of experiments. After the cutting force is measured by the dynamometer, the data obtained is processed by mathematical methods, and the empirical formula for calculating the cutting force can be obtained.
  • X Fz , Y Fz , n Fz , X Fy , Y Fy , n Fy , X Fx , Y Fx , and n Fx are the three component force formulas, the back-cutting amount a p , the feed amount f and the cutting speed the index of v;
  • K Fz , K Fy , K Fx - are the product of the correction coefficients of various factors to the cutting force when the actual machining conditions do not match the conditions of the obtained empirical formula in the calculation of the three component forces.
  • the main factors that affect the cutting force are the back-cutting amount a p and the feed amount f.
  • the main factors are included in the empirical formula, and other factors are used as the correction coefficient of the empirical formula.
  • X lga p — the logarithm of the amount of back knife a p ;
  • K Fz The product of the correction coefficients of various influencing factors on the cutting force when the actual processing conditions do not match the conditions of the empirical formula.
  • the above process can predict the cutting force after the turning tool is designed, so as to provide technical guidance for the selection of reasonable cutting parameters.
  • the lathe processing parameters are input to the micro-lubrication supply system, and the parameter matching database is established in the early stage to intelligently identify the cutting parameters and match the micro-lubrication supply system Matching the optimal liquid supply amount to realize the intelligent supply of cutting amount and liquid supply.
  • the working system is a CNC turning processing system
  • connect the micro-lubrication supply system to the CNC system read the CNC system programming code, and then extract the amount of back tool a p and feed in the identification code according to the programming code rules
  • Parameters such as f and cutting speed v are fed back to the nanofluid micro-lubrication supply system, through the establishment of a parameter matching database in the early stage, the cutting parameters are intelligently identified, and the optimal liquid supply of the micro-lubrication supply system is matched to realize the cutting amount Intelligent supply with liquid supply.
  • the present invention divides the texture form into an open texture form III-4-a, a mixed texture form III-4-b, a closed texture form III-4-c, and a semi-open texture form. III-4-d.
  • the tribological characteristics of the texture are related to its surface density (the area of the texture is compared to the total area in the region), depth, and width.
  • Various forms of texture can be analyzed by simulation software and then entered into the friction and wear test machine for friction and wear experiments , Find the best texture surface density, texture depth and texture width.
  • the secondary lubrication function described below is the function of supplying lubricating fluid to the cutting area (tool/chip friction area) under external action after the lubricating fluid is stored in the texture area; the chip holding function, that is, during the cutting process The tiny chips in the metal will be brought into the texture groove and play a role in storage, thereby reducing the friction and wear of other tools.
  • the open texture III-4-a means that the fluid within the texture can flow freely in the texture, that is, it can move in one direction and also flow in a direction at a certain angle to the direction.
  • the semi-open texture III-4-d means that the fluid in the texture can only move in one direction under the action of the texture.
  • the closed texture III-4-c means that the fluid in the texture does not move in other directions.
  • the mixed texture III-4-b is an open, semi-open, closed texture in two combinations or three coexistence. Contains and is not limited to the illustration.
  • the open texture form III-4-a has better lubricating fluid circulation characteristics than the semi-open texture form III-4-d, mixed texture form III-4-b and closed texture form III-4-c , It is easier to achieve "secondary lubrication" during the machining process: that is, the microstructure with liquid transport channels, which supplies trace lubricating oil in the texture recesses to the chip/tool friction area, thereby reducing wear.
  • the closed texture form III-4-c has better processing technology than the open texture form III-4-a, that is, the production is simple, but long-term use may easily cause the texture to be blocked by solid nanoparticles and tiny chips, resulting in The liquid lubricant in the nanofluid micro-lubricating liquid cannot function, but it is easier to make in actual production.
  • Semi-open texture form III-4-d has the advantages and disadvantages of closed texture form III-4-c and open texture form III-4-a. It not only has a semi-flow channel for trace lubricating oil, but also facilitates processing . Since the oil storage or "secondary lubrication" function of the texture can be maximized perpendicular to the chip direction, the anti-wear and anti-friction performance of the semi-open texture perpendicular to the chip direction is relative to that of the semi-open texture in other directions. Formula III-4-d is more excellent. But its liquid fluidity is not as good as the open texture form III-4-a. The processing of the mixed texture form III-4-b is complicated, and the closed part of the mixed texture form III-4-b is easy to be blocked during long-term use. The producer can select the appropriate texture processing form according to actual needs.
  • micro-lubricating oil supplied by the micro-lubrication supply system IV is supplied in the form of small droplets after pneumatic atomization, these droplets have a faster speed and are easier to enter the micro capillary channel VI-6. And because this process system uses texture turning tool VI-3, the micro capillary channel VI-6 is easier to communicate with the outside world. Therefore, under the dual coupling, there are both micro capillary channels VI during the entire cutting process. -6. There is also a micro-textured cutting fluid storage channel, so that the micro-lubricating oil can play the maximum lubrication effect in the device, reduce the friction coefficient and cutting force, and can significantly reduce the energy required for unit material removal and increase Energy utilization.
  • the atomized micro-lubricant VI-4 also spreads low in the chip/turning tool friction area to form a regional lubricating oil film or a stable flat oil film, which will also reduce the friction coefficient of the friction area and reduce the texture turning tool VI- 3/The wear and cutting force between the friction area of the chips VI-1, thereby increasing the life of the entire system.
  • the presence of nano-particle VI-2 makes it easier to produce a physical lubricant film at the friction interface of the textured turning tool VI-3 and the chip VI-1, thereby reducing the friction contact area
  • the friction coefficient improves the surface processing quality.
  • the bearing-like effect of nanoparticles improves the overall lubrication performance.
  • the texture grooves of the textured turning tool VI-3 can store trace oil VI-4 on the one hand, and can supply trace amounts to the friction area in time when the friction area is not well lubricated.
  • Lubricating oil VI-4 the secondary lubrication effect, has a beneficial effect on lubrication; on the other hand, it can store the tiny chips VI-5 generated in the friction contact area, reducing the friction and wear caused by these tiny chips VI-5.
  • the strong heat exchange ability of nanoparticles can take away the heat in the cutting zone in time, avoiding burn damage to the workpiece.
  • the process system can well ensure the surface integrity of the processed workpiece, improve the service life of the process system, and realize green manufacturing.
  • micro-lubrication is different from nano-fluid micro-lubrication. Due to the lack of nano-particles, on the one hand, compared with nano-fluid micro-lubrication, it has lower heat transfer capacity during processing. This lubrication condition is not suitable for processing thermal conductivity. Although the texture can provide secondary lubrication and chip holding for lower materials or materials with high continuous processing temperature, under this type of lubrication, the lack of heat exchange capacity makes them prone to burns during processing.
  • pouring lubrication conditions are similar to micro-lubrication, but because it can continuously supply a large amount of liquid, its heat exchange capacity is slightly better than that of micro-lubrication. Both textures can provide secondary lubrication and chip containment. Pouring type lubrication will enter a large amount of cutting fluid into the cutting area in the form of a liquid jet. However, pouring type is easy to cause oil rash, folliculitis and other hazards, and can produce carcinogens, which violates the concept of green processing.
  • each type of texture can be any two-dimensional shape that can be made, such as a triangle, a quadrilateral, a polygon, a semicircle, and a semiellipse.
  • Triangular cross section Compared with other shapes, this shape has a lower oil and chip holding area, that is, at the same depth, the triangle is not conducive to secondary lubrication and chip holding.
  • shape parameters mainly include left-hand tilt angle ⁇ , right-hand tilt angle ⁇ , texture width d, and depth h.
  • the left side is the triangle edge close to the tool tip. The larger the right angle ⁇ , the stronger the chip holding capacity of the textured groove.
  • the edge-shaped section facilitates the storage of lubricating oil and fine chips.
  • the shape parameters mainly include left-hand tilt angle ⁇ , right-hand tilt angle ⁇ , upper texture width d 1 , lower texture width d 2 and depth h.
  • the synovial fluid When the synovial fluid is impacted, it is easier to manufacture compared to the quadrilateral cross section, and its performance is also between the quadrilateral cross section and the triangular cross section. Its shape parameters include d and h.
  • example or “first embodiment to Nth embodiment” etc. means that the specific feature, structure, material or characteristic described in combination with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention.
  • schematic representations of the above-mentioned terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.
  • specific features, structures, and material characteristics described may be appropriately used in any one or more embodiments or examples. Way to combine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

一种外冷织构车刀部件、车削工艺系统及其控制方法，其中，外冷车刀刀片（V-1）与承载该刀片的外冷车刀刀柄（V-4）之间设有外冷车刀刀垫（V-5）；外冷车刀压板零件（V-3）将外冷车刀刀片（V-1）压紧在外冷车刀刀柄（V-4）上；外冷车刀刀片（V-1）前刀面上加工有织构，车刀部件一定距离处架设喷嘴（IV-12）。车削工艺系统的微量润滑供给系统（IV）为外冷织构车刀部件（III）提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液。控制方法实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给。该外冷车刀结构简单，制造成本低、制造工艺性好。

Description

外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统 技术领域
本公开涉及机械加工技术领域，特别是涉及外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件、纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统及智能供给方法。
背景技术
在金属切削过程中，由于切削液及添加剂能起到冷却、润滑、清洗、排屑及防锈的作用，已得到了广泛的应用，但同时也带来了很多负面影响，如污染环境、危害人的健康并增加了制造成本，而且使用不当会增加刀具磨损并降低工件表面质量。随着国家可持续发展战略的要求，我国制造业正追求高质高效低成本的生产模式，同时环保法规越来越严格，大量浇注切削液的冷却方法已不符合生产的发展方向，必须采取措施改变这种资源消耗型制造模式以实现绿色可持续生产。近年来，世界各国及国际生产工程学会(CIRP)、美国机械工程协会(ASME)、国际电子电器工程师协会(IEEE)等组织都对消除或减少切削液危害的切削技术进行了大量研究，并努力应用于生产实践。为了消除或减少冷却液的危害，可以采用干切削、复合加工以及绿色冷却等技术。其中，干切削可以从根本上解决切削液所带来的诸多负面影响，但是在很多情况下，由于切削温度高，致使刀具寿命短且工件表面粗糙度超差，这时采用完全干切削是不可行的。因此，干切削时一般使用超硬刀具材料和涂层刀具，并采取高速切削技术，但是高速切削技术的理论还不完善。复合加工技术如加热和超声振动相结合的辅助切削，其成套设备昂贵，且处于研究阶段。而无污染或少污染的冷却技术在工业界得到了广泛应用。目前出现了冷风冷却、微量润滑冷却、水蒸汽、热管冷却以及内冷却等绿色冷却技术，而且其冷却效果也很好。所以，通过微量润滑装置以实现准干式切削的技术具有可行性和极高的应用前景。
传统摩擦学观点认为，相互接触的两个表面越光滑，磨损量越小。但近年来的研究表明，表面并非越光滑就越耐磨，而是具有一定非光滑形态的表面反而具有更好的耐磨性能。研究非光滑形态表面也就是研究具有织构的表面。所谓表面织构(Surface texture)，是指利用几何图形学理论或仿生学理论设计出具有一定特征的几何微结构，利用激光加工等手段在表面上加工出微结构阵列来改变表面几何形貌，从而改善表面间的接触性能，降低摩擦及改善润滑条件。因此合适的几何微特征是织构改性的前提，对于改善接触副之间的摩擦性能具有较大的工程价值。表面织构能够提高摩擦副的摩擦性能主要是表面织构的微坑或凹痕能够起到储油器的作用，能够及时使摩擦副表面形成润滑膜，从而减少摩擦副表面的摩擦磨损。润滑油对摩擦副表秒的润滑作用主要是依靠两摩擦副之间产生相对运动，从而带动润滑油在表面形成润滑膜，减少两摩擦副表面直接接触处来降低摩擦和减少磨损。当有了凹坑或凹痕的存在时，在凹坑或凹痕内就会存有润滑油，当两摩擦副表面开始相对运动时，产生了相对运动速度，由于润滑油有粘性就粘附在摩擦副表面，在表面的带动下很快在表面形成润滑膜，缩短了润滑膜的形成时间，从而起到抗摩减磨的作用。
微量润滑切削加工技术，其指将微量的润滑液和具有一定压力的气体混合雾化后，输送到摩擦界面起到冷却润滑作用的一种切削加工方法，高压气体主要起到冷却和排屑的作用，微量润滑达到甚至超过了浇注式的润滑效果，，具有代替传统的浇注式冷却润滑体现出了巨大的优势和发展前景，但是经研究显示，起雾化效果的高压气体并没有起到预期那样良好的冷 却效果。
纳米流体微量润滑继承了微量润滑的所有优点，又解决了微量润滑切削的换热问题，是一种节能环保、绿色低碳的切削加工技术。由于固体换热性能大于液体，液体换热性能大于气体的强化换热机理，将适量的纳米级固体颗粒加入到可生物降解的微量润滑液中形成纳米流体，通过压缩气体将纳米流体微量润滑液进行雾化，并以射流的方式输送到刀具/切屑界面。压缩气体主要起冷却、除屑和输运纳米流体的作用；微量润滑液主要起润滑作用；纳米粒子强化了切削区流体的换热能力，起到了良好的冷却作用，与此同时，纳米粒子起到了良好的抗磨减摩特性和承载能力，从而提高了磨削区的润滑效果，较大程度的改善工件表面质量和烧伤现象，有效提高了刀具的使用寿命，改善了工作环境。
高腾等人发明了超声振动辅助磨削液微通道浸润的纳米流体微量润滑磨削装置，申请号201711278067.1，解决了现有技术中未变形磨屑厚度对磨削过程有较大影响的问题，具有从微观角度上充分考虑了单颗磨粒在磨削过程中去除材料时的润滑状态，有效地实现了超声振动辅助磨削对提高纳米流体微量润滑冷却润滑效果的作用的有益效果，其方案如下：装置包括一种可调节超声波振子空间位置的超声振动机构，该机构设于工作台；纳米流体微量润滑磨削机构，设于所述工件固定台上方；磨削力测量机构，包括测力仪和与测力仪连接的磨削力控制器，测力仪设于超声振动机构的底部。
刘国涛等人发明了超音速喷嘴涡流管制冷与纳米流体微量润滑耦合供给系统，专利号201710005238.7，该系统由低温气体产生装置、纳米流体微量润滑供给系统、气体分配控制阀、低温油气外混合雾化喷嘴组成。低温气体产生装置采用超音速喷嘴，提高涡流管喷嘴出口速度，涡流管喷嘴流道设置为不同流线线型，提高气体在涡流管喷嘴处涡旋强度，提高能量分离程度，对涡流管热管采用强化换热措施有效提高制冷效率。电动机驱动纳米流体微量润滑供给系统，能够更方便、精确的对供给的纳米流体流量进行控制。具有微量润滑技术的所有优点、并具有更强的冷却性能和优异摩擦学特性，有效解决磨削烧伤，提高工件表面质量，实现高效、低耗、环境友好、资源节约的低碳绿色清洁生产。
贾东洲等人发明了低温冷却与纳米粒子射流微量润滑耦合磨削介质供给系统，专利号201310180218.5，其包括至少一个微量润滑和低温冷却喷嘴组合单元，该单元设置在砂轮的砂轮罩侧面，并与工作台上的工件相配合；所述单元包括微量润滑雾化微量喷嘴和低温冷却喷嘴，微量润滑雾化微量喷嘴与纳米流体管路和压缩空气管路连接，低温冷却喷嘴与低温冷却液管路连接；每个单元的纳米流体管路、压缩空气管路和低温冷却液管路均通过控制阀与纳米流体供给系统、低温介质供给系统和压缩空气供给系统连接，纳米流体供给系统、低温介质供给系统和压缩空气供给系统与控制装置连接。它有效解决了磨削烧伤，提高了工件表面质量，实现高效、低耗、环境友好、资源节约的低碳绿色清洁生产。
但是，上述专利虽然在一定程度上解决了在车削过程中的绿色冷却润滑问题或刀具的耐磨性问题亦或开发了新型的内冷刀具，但是仍存在一定程度的缺陷或对其他必要问题的合理解决。
具体的，冷的以降低摩擦和磨损的角度从而提升刀具寿命，存在车削加工过程切屑与前刀面的摩擦而造成的前刀面磨损剧烈的问题。
发明内容
本说明书实施方式的目的是提供外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件，其实现了降低切削加工 过程刀屑摩擦与前刀面磨损，进而实现了刀具寿命延长。
本说明书实施方式提供外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
外冷车刀刀柄及外冷车刀刀片；
所述外冷车刀刀柄作为承载装置，其一端设置有外冷车刀刀片，所述外冷车刀刀片与承载该刀片的外冷车刀刀柄的结构之间设置有外冷车刀刀垫；
所述外冷车刀刀柄上还设置有外冷车刀压板零件，所述外冷车刀压板零件将所述外冷车刀刀片压紧在所述外冷车刀刀柄上；
所述外冷车刀刀片前刀面上加工有织构，车刀部件一定距离处架设喷嘴。
本说明书实施方式提供纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺系统，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
机床工作系统、微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述机床工作系统上安装有微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述微量润滑供给系统主要为织构车刀部件提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液；
所述织构车刀部件为上述外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件，安装在所述机床工作系统中的工件旋转运动，所述织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
本说明书实施方式提供纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺方法，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
将调配好的微量润滑油或纳米流体微量润滑油倒入微量润滑供给系统中；
织构车刀部件需要安装在机床工作系统之中，并做好定位与夹紧；
工件亦需要安装在机床工作系统之上，并做好定位与夹紧工作；
在切削参数确定后，将车床加工参数输入至微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给；
在工件被加工过程中，工件始终保持旋转运动，而织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
与现有技术相比，本公开的有益效果是：
本公开为了改善前刀面在加工过程中的润滑条件和摩擦条件，从而减小加工过程的磨损问题。本公开的外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件，实现了带雾化效果的喷嘴，进而实现了微量润滑液的精准可控供给。外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件首先方便更换、成本更低。
本公开外冷车刀结构简单，制造成本低、制造工艺性好。适用于非长时间加工或生产纲领为小批量的生产企业。
本公开通过纳米流体微量润滑这一冷却润滑方式和织构耐磨减摩这一特性，降低了切削加工过程的刀具磨损，延长了刀具使用寿命。
本公开的纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺系统，通过微量润滑的形式解决了传统润滑方式的污染环境、危害人的健康及增加了制造成本等问题，实现了环保型的切削力的 降低和切削热的传递；另一方面，表面织构能够提高摩擦副的摩擦性能主要是表面织构的微坑或凹痕能够起到储油器的作用，能够及时使摩擦副表面形成润滑膜，从而减少摩擦副表面的摩擦磨损，增加了工艺系统中车刀的使用寿命。因此，综合上述各种作用，本发明实现了寿命长、能耗低的绿色制造。
本公开的纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺方法，通过纳米流体微量润滑和织构刀具的耦合作用，可以实现对各种切削加工材料包括难加工材料的低损伤、低能耗的绿色去除。通过切削力的指数方程建立，对刀具的切削参数进行理论指导。将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给。
对不同微观润滑状态进行分析，将润滑工况与织构类型结合。寻找到了微观状态下的最佳润滑工况，即纳米流体微量润滑与微织构相耦合的润滑工况。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1为本公开实施例子一的外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件整体结构示意图；
图2为本公开实施例子一的外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件爆炸示意图；
图3为本公开实施例子二纳米流体微量润滑车刀工艺系统整体图；
图4为本公开实施例子二机床轴测视图；
图5为本公开实施例子二纳米流体微量润滑/微量润滑供给系统；
图6为本公开实施例子车刀受力示意图；
图7为本公开实施例子车刀受力坐标分析示意图；
图8为本公开实施例子不同类型的织构形式示意图；
图9为本公开实施例子车削加工过程中毛细现象原理图；
图10为本公开实施例子毛细现象局部放大图；
图11为本公开实施例子干切削状态下微观示意图；
图12为本公开实施例子位浇注式或微量润滑状态下微观示意图；
图13为本公开实施例子纳米流体微量润滑状态下微观示意图；
图14为本公开实施例子三角形截面织构剖视示意图；
图15为本公开实施例子四边形截面织构剖视示意图；
图16为本公开实施例子椭圆形截面织构剖视示意图；
图17为本公开实施例子微量润滑智能化供给示意图；
图中，I-机床工作系统，II-工件，III-织构车刀部件，IV-微量润滑供给系统；
I-1-主轴箱，I-2-调节旋钮，I-3-工件夹紧装置，I-4-机床导轨，I-5-车刀部件，I-6-顶尖，I-7-顶尖固定旋钮，I-8-丝杠电动机，I-9-机床尾架座，I-10-机床尾架，I-11-旋转刀架部件，I-12-纵向丝杠电动机，I-13-机床床身；
III-4-a-开放织构形式，III-4-b-混合织构形式，III-4-c-封闭织构形式，III-4-d-半开放式织构形式；
IV-1-入气口，IV-2-压力表，IV-3-微量润滑油储存杯，IV-4-微量润滑供给系统箱体，IV-5-气液混合出口，IV-6-精密微量润滑泵，IV-7-气量调节装置，IV-8-供给量调节装置，IV-9-分叉式管路，IV-10-脉冲发生器出口端管路，IV-11-脉冲发生装置，IV-12-喷嘴；
V-1-外冷车刀刀片，V-2-外冷车刀刀片定位销，V-3-外冷车刀压板零件，V-4-外冷车刀刀柄，V-5-外冷车刀刀垫，V-6-外冷车刀压板紧固螺钉；
VI-1-切屑，VI-2-纳米粒子，VI-3-织构车刀，VI-4-微量润滑油，VI-5-微小切屑，VI-6-微观毛细通道。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
实施例子一
该实施例公开了外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件，如图1、2所示，外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件包括外冷车刀刀片V-1，外冷车刀刀片定位销V-2，外冷车刀压板零件V-3，外冷车刀刀柄V-4，外冷车刀刀垫V-5，外冷车刀压板紧固螺钉V-6。
该实施例中，外接喷嘴即微量润滑供给系统的供液管路与喷嘴IV-12相连接。即气液混合出口IV-5经管路与喷嘴IV-12相连，将喷嘴IV-12对准切屑刀具摩擦区。
微量润滑供给系统的微量润滑油通过喷嘴雾化喷射到车刀部件刀具摩擦界面。车刀部件切削固定在机床工作系统的工件从而时间工件材料的去除材料加工。
定位销在结构上的特点是：外冷车刀刀片定位销上部分为销柱，下部分为螺纹，用于定位外冷车刀刀垫和外冷车刀刀垫。
外冷车刀压板零件：具体的可以在图2中看到，需内孔加工螺纹，通过螺纹将其固定在适当位置，从而压紧车刀刀片。
外冷车刀刀片V-1即具有一定几何要素要求的车刀刀片，其前刀面上加工有具有一定面密度、宽度、深度的织构。外冷车刀刀垫V-5为与外冷车刀刀片V-1形状相同，厚度尺寸和中心孔尺寸不同。其主要是防止外冷车刀刀片V-1承受的切削抗力太大而变形，将外冷车刀刀片V-1受到的切削抗力平均的通过外冷车刀刀垫V-5传递到外冷车刀刀柄V-4上。
外冷车刀压板紧固螺钉V-6为两端均有螺纹的螺钉，在其两端设有内六角，使其可以通过内六角扳手控制旋转。
外冷车刀压板零件V-3为外冷车刀刀片V-1的压紧装置，将其通过外冷车刀压板紧固螺钉V-6安装在外冷车刀刀柄V-4上，通过其压住外冷车刀刀片V-1，起到夹紧的作用。
外冷车刀刀片定位销V-2为特制销钉，用于定位外冷车刀刀片V-1和外冷车刀刀垫V-5。外冷车刀刀柄V-4为外冷车刀刀片V-1和外冷车刀刀垫V-5的承载装置，其主要作用是将外冷车刀各部件固连在一起，在通过螺钉固连在机床系统的旋转刀架部件I-11上。
外冷车刀刀片其前刀面上加工有具有一定面密度、宽度、深度的织构，织构包括开放式织构、半开放式织构、封闭织构和混合式织构。
其中，开放式织构为织构内流体可在织构中自由流动，即既可在一方向运动，亦在与该方向成一定角度方向上流动。
半开放式织构表示织构内流体只可在织构的作用下做单向运动。
封闭织构为织构内流体不会向其他方向运动。
混合式织构为开放式、半开放式、封闭式织构两两组合或三种共同存在。
该实施例子中的新型内冷车刀部件，实现了带雾化效果的可转向内冷喷头设计，进而实现了微量润滑液的精准可控供给。
实施例子二
该实施例公开了本说明书实施方式提供纳米流体微量润滑与织构刀具耦合的工艺系统，参见附图3-5所示，通过以下技术方案实现：
包括：
机床工作系统、微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述机床工作系统上安装有微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
所述微量润滑供给系统主要为织构车刀部件提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液；
所述织构车刀部件为上述实施例子一中的外加喷嘴的外冷织构车刀部件，安装在所述机床工作系统中的工件旋转运动，所述织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
机床工作系统II可以为普通车床，也可为数控车床，本发明以普通车床为例对整个工艺系统进行描述，在组成部分或结构相同的情况下，数控车床的工艺系统仍然属于本发明的内容。工件II即需要加工的零件，一般为回转类零件。织构车刀部件III主要为车削加工的切削部分。微量润滑供给系统IV主要为织构车刀部件III提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液。
整个系统的工作流程：在整个系统工作之前需要先将调配好的微量润滑油或纳米流体微量润滑油倒入微量润滑供给系统IV中，织构车刀部件III需要安装在机床工作系统I之中，并做好定位与夹紧。此外，工件II亦需要安装在机床工作系统I之上，并做好定位与夹紧工作。
在工件II被加工过程中，工件II始终保持旋转运动，而织构车刀部件III在机床工作系统I的作用下做直线运动。织构车刀部件III与工件II产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件II材料的去除。
参见附图4所示，车削机床工作系统I包括主轴箱I-1，调节旋钮I-2，工件夹紧装置I-3，机床导轨I-4，车刀部件I-5，顶尖I-6，顶尖固定旋钮I-7，丝杠电动机I-8，尾架座I-9，机床尾架I-10，旋转刀架部件I-11，纵向丝杠电动机I-12。机床床身I-13主要为铸铁材质，经铸造工艺加工而成，主要作用是将各部件连接在一起，并使机床工作系统I稳定固定在地面上。主轴箱I-1为车削机床工作系统I的复杂传动部件，其主要作用是实现工件夹紧装置I-3的旋转运动，实现工件夹紧装置I-3的不同转速、工件夹紧装置I-3的启动停止、工件夹紧装置I-3旋转方向的变换等。调节旋钮I-2的旋转可以调节主轴箱I-1的传动机构控制工件夹紧装置I-3的启动停止、转速及旋转方向的改变。工件夹紧装置I-3可根据实际零件加工的工艺需求选取三爪卡盘、四爪卡盘或花盘等装置；其主要作用是定心夹紧。旋转刀架部件I-11主要作用为安装固定织构车刀部件III。其可以同时安装四把刀具。其原理是通过螺栓将织构车刀部件III固定在旋转刀架部件I-11上。旋转刀架部件I-11的纵向运动依靠纵向丝杠电动机I-12带动丝杠运动完成。机床导轨I-4与旋转刀架部件I-11的工作台精密配合，从而实现旋转刀架部件I-11的横向运动。丝杠电动机I-8为丝杠旋转运动的动力来源。机床尾架座I-9与机床导轨I-4精密配合实现机床尾架I-10在导轨上的直线移动。顶尖固定旋钮I-7为顶尖I-6的固定 旋钮，通过旋转顶尖固定旋钮I-7将顶尖I-6与机床尾架座I-9相对静止。顶尖I-6为车削加工过程的辅助装置，当车削加工细长轴时，可以通过机床顶尖I-6顶住细长轴，减小细长轴在加工过程中的震颤，提高被加工工件的加工精度。顶尖I-6可换为钻刀进行工件的钻削加工，亦或为其他类型的刀具用于对工件进行回转加工。工件II一般为棒料，也可为盘、套或其他具有回转表面的工件，如内外圆柱面、内外圆锥面、端面、沟槽、螺纹和回转成形面等。
微量润滑供给系统参见附图5所示，包括：入气口IV-1，压力表IV-2，微量润滑油储存杯IV-3，微量润滑供给系统箱体IV-4，气液混合出口IV-5，精密微量润滑泵IV-6，气量调节装置IV-7，供给量调节装置IV-8，分叉式管路IV-9，脉冲发生器出口端管路IV-10，脉冲发生装置IV-11。入气口IV-1即外接空气压缩机的接口，具有一定压力的气体经此处进入。压力表IV-2为进入微量润滑供给系统IV的气压大小监测装置，可以直观的观测到实时压力。微量润滑油储存杯IV-3为微量润滑油的存储装置，在微量润滑油储存杯IV-3中的润滑油通过重力的作用进入到精密微量润滑泵IV-6。精密微量润滑泵IV-6可以在脉冲发生装置IV-11的作用下产生定量的、均匀的脉冲性微量润滑油供给。微量润滑供给系统箱体IV-4可以通过各连接方式将微量润滑供给系统IV各部分固连在一起。气液混合出口IV-5即微量润滑润滑油和气体的出口，其中微量润滑润滑油管路为细管，气体管路为粗管，细管被粗管所嵌套。脉冲发生装置IV-11前端与高压气体管路相连接，后端与精密微量润滑泵IV-6相连接，即将空压机传来的高压气体脉冲性的传递到气液混合出口。供给量调节装置IV-8为一旋钮，其工作原理与水龙头相似，可以通过旋转旋钮控制微量润滑油的用量。气量调节装置IV-7为一旋钮，调节该旋钮即可调节进入精密微量润滑泵的压缩气体流量。
微量润滑供给系统其基本原理为利用气动将微量润滑油脉冲性(即间隔性)的输运至喷嘴处，再在喷嘴或者内冷车刀处雾化，喷射到指定位置。可作为外购的形式加入本系统。本文以智能供给形式将其加入到发明内容中。
参见图17所示，微量润滑智能化供给在实现时：可以通过微型计算机模块将长期实践经验的切削参数对应的微量润滑油供给系统供给量输入至控制单元的存储器中，更换加工参数时，将参数输入至信号输入器中，对应的存储器中的数据提取到供给量，再对微量润滑供给装置的机械装置调节旋钮进行调节从而调节供给量。
如图6，7所示，切削过程的受力为切削力F Z、背向力F Y、进给力F X。
切削力的指数公式是通过大量实验，由测力仪测得切削力后，所得数据用数学方法进行处理，就可以得出计算切削力的经验公式。
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000003
F Z—切削力；
F Y—背向力；
F X—进给力；
C Fz、C Fy、C Fx—决定于被加工金属和切削条件的系数
X Fz、Y Fz、n Fz、X Fy、Y Fy、n Fy、X Fx、Y Fx、n Fx—分别为三个分力公式中，背吃刀量a p、进给量f和切削速度v的指数；
K Fz、K Fy、K Fx—分别为三个分力计算中，当实际加工条件与所求得经验公式的条件不 符时，各种因素对切削力的修正系数的积。
指数方程的建立：
影响切削力的因素有很多，单是当被加工材料确定后，影响切削力的主要因素有背吃刀量a p和进给量f。一般情况下，将主要因素纳入经验公式，而将其他因素作为经验公式的修正系数。
当进行切削力的实验时，保持所有对切削力有影响的因素不变，只改变背吃刀量a p进行实验，测力仪测得不同背吃刀量a p时，若干切削分力的数据，将所得到的数据画在双对数坐标纸上，则近似为一条直线。其数学方程：
Y＝a+bX
式中：
Y＝lgF z—主切削力F Z的对数；
X＝lga p—背吃刀量a p的对数；
a＝lgC ap—对数坐标上F Z-a p直线上的纵向截距；
b＝tgα＝x Fz—双对数坐标上F Z-a p直线的斜率。
a和α均可由图13直接测得
因此，上式可以改写为：
lgF z＝lgC ap+x Fzlga p
整理后可以得到：
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000004
同理可以得到切削力F Z与进给量f的关系式
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000005
式中：
C f—双对数坐标系上，F Z-f直线的纵截距；
y Fz—F Z-f直线的斜率。
综合上述两式，以及各个其他次要因素对F Z的影响，就可以得出计算切削力的经验公式：
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000006
C FZ—决定于被加工材料和切削条件的系数；可用实际实验数据代入公式后求得；
K Fz—实际加工条件与求得经验公式的条件不符时，各种影响因素对切削力的修正系数之积。
同理，可求得进给力F X和背向力F Y的经验公式。
上述过程可以在车刀设计完成后，对切削力进行预测，从而对合理的切削参数选择提供技术指导。
在切削参数背吃刀量a p、进给量f和切削速度v确定后，将车床加工参数输入至微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给。
或者当该工作系统为数控车削加工系统时，将微量润滑供给系统与数控系统相连接，读取数控系统编程代码，然后根据编程代码规则，提取识别代码中背吃刀量a p、进给量f和切削速度v等参数，并将参数反馈到纳米流体微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液 量的智能供给。
如图8所示，本发明将织构形式分为开放织构形式III-4-a，混合织构形式III-4-b，封闭织构形式III-4-c，半开放式织构形式III-4-d。织构的摩擦学特性与其面密度(织构面积比上该区域内的总面积)、深度、宽度有关，各形式的织构可以通过仿真软件进行分析后，进入摩擦磨损实验机上进行摩擦磨损实验，寻找最佳的织构面密度、织构深度和织构宽度。下文中所述二次润滑功能，即润滑液在织构区域中储存后，在外界作用下，将润滑液供给到切削区(刀/屑摩擦区域)的作用；容屑功能，即在切削过程中的微小切屑会被带入到织构凹槽，并起到储存的作用，从而减少其余刀具的摩擦和磨损。所述开放式织构III-4-a为织构内流体可在织构中自由流动，即既可在一方向运动，亦在与该方向成一定角度方向上流动。所述半开放式织构III-4-d表示织构内流体只可在织构的作用下做单向运动。所述封闭织构III-4-c为织构内流体不会向其他方向运动。所述混合式织构III-4-b为开放式、半开放式、封闭式织构两两组合或三种共同存在。包含且不局限于图示。
开放织构形式III-4-a相对于半开放式织构形式III-4-d、混合织构形式III-4-b以及封闭织构形式III-4-c具有更加优异的润滑液流通特性，在加工过程中更容易实现“二次润滑”：即具有液体输运通道的微结构，将织构凹陷处的微量润滑油供给给切屑/刀具摩擦区域，从而降低磨损。而封闭织构形式III-4-c相对于开放织构形式III-4-a有更好的加工工艺性，即制作简单，但是长期使用容易造成织构被固体纳米粒子和微小切屑堵塞，导致纳米流体微量润滑液中的液体润滑剂无法发挥作用，但是其在实际生产中更容易制作。半开放式织构形式III-4-d同时具有封闭织构形式III-4-c和开放织构形式III-4-a的优缺点，其既有微量润滑油的半流动通道，又便于加工。由于垂直于切屑方向能够将织构的储油或“二次润滑”功能得到最大限度的发挥，所以垂直于切屑方向的的半开放式织构的抗磨减摩性能相对于其他方向的半开放式织构形式III-4-d更加优异。但是其液体流动性不如开放织构形式III-4-a。混合织构形式III-4-b加工复杂，且在长期使用中容易造成混合织构形式III-4-b中的封闭部分容易堵塞。制作者可根据实际需求选取合适的织构加工形式。
如图9，10所示，在实际加工过程中，在织构车刀VI-3和切屑VI-1之间由于切屑VI-1上硬质点的滑擦，会产生细长的微观毛细通道VI-6，当这些微观毛细通道VI-6与外界相连通时，微观尺度的毛细流动可以使切削液渗透到摩擦区域，从而使得微量润滑油的润滑效果得到有效的提升。毛细流动是一种自发运动，无需外力驱动。
由于微量润滑供给系统IV所供给的微量润滑油是以气动雾化后的小液滴的形式供给的，所以这些液滴具有较快的速度，更加容易进入到微观毛细通道VI-6中。又因为本工艺系统采用的是织构车刀VI-3，微观毛细通道VI-6更加容易与外界相连通，因此，在双重作用耦合之下，整个切削加工过程中，既有微观毛细通道VI-6，又有微织构的切削液储存通道，从而使得微量润滑油在本装置中发挥最大的润滑作用，降低摩擦系数和切削力，可以使得单位材料去除所需要的能量明显下降，提升了能量利用率。
如图11，12，13所示，对在纳米流体微量润滑工况下的织构车刀VI-3/切屑VI-1摩擦界面分析，可得到纳米流体微量润滑和微织构刀具的耦合作用如下：
1.在经过雾化的微量润滑油VI-4在切屑/车刀摩擦区域也低铺展开形成区域润滑油膜或稳定的平面油膜，也会降低摩擦区域的摩擦系数，降低织构车刀VI-3/切屑VI-1摩擦区域之间的磨损和切削力，从而增加了整个系统的寿命。在纳米流体微量润滑工况下，由于纳米粒子 VI-2的存在使得微量润滑油在织构车刀VI-3与切屑VI-1摩擦界面的物理润滑油膜的产生更加容易，从而降低摩擦接触区的摩擦系数，改善表面加工质量。同时纳米粒子的类轴承作用，提高了整体的润滑性能。
2.在没有任何润滑剂添加的情况下，织构已经表现出了优异的耐磨性能。而在纳米流体微量润滑工况下，织构车刀VI-3的织构凹槽的存在一方面可以储存微量润滑油VI-4，可以在摩擦区域润滑状况不好时及时向摩擦区域供给微量润滑油VI-4，即二次润滑效应，对润滑起到增益效果；另一方面可以储存摩擦接触区产生的微小切屑VI-5，减少了由于这些微小切屑VI-5而产生的摩擦磨损。
3.纳米粒子的强换热能力可以及时将切削区热量带走，避免了工件的烧伤损害。
在上述两个方面的共同作用之下，本工艺系统能够很好地保证加工工件的表面完整性，提高工艺系统的使用寿命，实现了绿色制造。
微量润滑形式与纳米流体微量润滑有所不同，由于缺少纳米粒子的存在，一方面在加工时相较于纳米流体微量润滑有更低的换热能力这种润滑工况不适用于加工热导率较低的材料或加工持续温度高的材料，虽然在此种润滑形式下，织构能够提供二次润滑和容屑的作用，然而换热能力的不足导致其在加工时容易产生烧伤。
浇注式润滑工况下与微量润滑相似，但由于其能够持续大量的供液，其换热能力稍优于微量润滑。织构均能够提供二次润滑和容屑的作用。浇注式润滑会将大量切削液以液体射流的方式进入到切削区，然而，浇注式容易引起油疹、毛囊炎等危害，会产生致癌物质，违背了绿色加工的理念。
干切削工况下，即没有外加任何润滑工况的切削状态下，织构只能够提供容屑的作用而不能提供二次润滑作用，同时，换热能力也是一大使用阻碍。
如图14，15，16所示，各类型织构截面可为任意可制作出的二维形状，如三边形、四边形、多边形、半圆形和半椭圆形等。下面对各形状参数与应用情况进行分析：
三边形截面。该形状相较于其他形状有更低的容油、容屑区，即在同等深度的情况下，三角形不利于二次润滑和容屑。其形状参数主要包括左边倾角β、右边倾角α、织构宽度d以及深度h。其中左边为接近刀尖的三角形边。右边倾角α越大，代表织构凹槽的容屑能力越强。
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000007
边形截面有利于润滑油和微细切屑的储存。其形状参数主要包括左边倾角β、右边倾角α、上织构宽度d 1、下织构宽度d 2以及深度h。
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000008
滑液受到冲击时，相对于四边形截面更容易制作，其性能也介于四边形截面和三角形截面之间。其形状参数包d和h。
Figure PCTCN2020074388-appb-000009
例”、或“第一实施例～第N实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种外冷织构车刀部件，其特征是，包括：
    外冷车刀刀柄及外冷车刀刀片；
    所述外冷车刀刀柄作为承载装置，其一端设置有外冷车刀刀片，所述外冷车刀刀片与承载该刀片的外冷车刀刀柄的结构之间设置有外冷车刀刀垫；
    所述外冷车刀刀柄上还设置有外冷车刀压板零件，所述外冷车刀压板零件将所述外冷车刀刀片压紧在所述外冷车刀刀柄上；
    所述外冷车刀刀片前刀面上加工有织构，，车刀部件一定距离处架设喷嘴。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的一种外冷织构车刀部件，其特征是，包括：所述外冷车刀刀垫及外冷车刀刀片形状相同，厚度尺寸和中心孔尺寸不同。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的一种外冷织构车刀部件，其特征是，所述外冷车刀刀片和外冷车刀刀垫通过外冷车刀刀片定位销定位。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的一种外冷织构车刀部件，其特征是，外冷车刀压板零件与所述外冷车刀刀柄之间通过外冷车刀压板紧固螺钉固定连接，所述外冷车刀压板紧固螺钉为两端均有螺纹的螺钉。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的一种外冷织构车刀部件，其特征是，所述织构为开放式织构、半开放式织构、封闭织构或混合式织构。
  6. 纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统，其特征是，包括：
    机床工作系统、微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
    所述机床工作系统上安装有微量润滑供给系统及织构车刀部件；
    所述微量润滑供给系统主要为织构车刀部件提供脉冲性的润滑、冷却液；
    所述织构车刀部件为权利要求1-5任一所述的一种外冷织构车刀部件，安装在所述机床工作系统中的工件旋转运动，所述织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统，其特征是，所述喷嘴连接微量润滑供给系统的供给管路的末端，在于将微量润滑油雾化并将雾化后的微量润滑油微液滴喷射至车刀与刀屑摩擦界面。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统，其特征是，所述机床工作系统包括机床床身，所述机床床身上分别设置有主轴箱、工件夹紧装置、机床导轨及旋转刀架部件；
    所述主轴箱实现工件夹紧装置的旋转运动，旋转刀架部件安装固定织构车刀部件，机床导轨与旋转刀架部件的工作台相配合连接，从而实现旋转刀架部件的横向运动。
  9. 如权利要求6所述的纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统，其特征是，机床床身上还设置有顶尖及机床尾架座，通过旋转顶尖固定旋钮将顶尖与机床尾架座相对静止，适应不同尺寸的工件。
  10. 基于权利要求6-9任一所述的纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统的控制方法，其特征是，包括：
    将调配好的微量润滑油或纳米流体微量润滑油倒入微量润滑供给系统中；
    织构车刀部件需要安装在机床工作系统之中，并做好定位与夹紧；
    工件亦需要安装在机床工作系统之上，并做好定位与夹紧工作；
    在切削参数确定后，将车床加工参数输入至微量润滑供给系统，通过前期建立参数匹配数据库，将切削参数智能识别，与微量润滑供给系统的最佳供液量相匹配，实现切削用量与供液量的智能供给；
    在工件被加工过程中，工件始终保持旋转运动，而织构车刀部件在机床工作系统的作用下做直线运动，织构车刀部件与工件产生剪切，从而产生切屑，实现工件材料的去除。
PCT/CN2020/074388 2019-05-31 2020-02-06 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统 Ceased WO2020238282A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2021/06162A ZA202106162B (en) 2019-05-31 2021-08-25 External cooling texture turning tool component and turning process system for coupling nanofluid minimum quantity lubricant with micro-texture tool

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910471330.1A CN110090973A (zh) 2019-05-31 2019-05-31 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统
CN201910471330.1 2019-05-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020238282A1 true WO2020238282A1 (zh) 2020-12-03

Family

ID=67449921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2020/074388 Ceased WO2020238282A1 (zh) 2019-05-31 2020-02-06 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20210031272A1 (zh)
CN (1) CN110090973A (zh)
WO (1) WO2020238282A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA202106162B (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113070733A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-06 上海工程技术大学 基于少量低速喷射润滑的仿生多尺度微织构刀具切削方法
CN113560737A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-10-29 哈尔滨理工大学 一种微织构刀具刀体材料性能提升的方法及辅助装置
TWI800958B (zh) * 2021-10-22 2023-05-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 加工品質監控系統及其方法
CN119514052A (zh) * 2024-10-14 2025-02-25 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种混动变速器主动润滑管路尺寸优化方法及装置

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110090973A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-06 青岛理工大学 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统
CN110842231B (zh) * 2019-10-15 2021-01-15 江苏大学 一种润滑均匀复合织构刀具
CN112496363A (zh) * 2020-11-24 2021-03-16 南京航空航天大学 一种用于低温切削加工的低温系统及其使用方法
CN113618090B (zh) * 2021-08-11 2022-06-07 吉林大学 一种微纳结构辊筒模具加工与压印成形机床及其控制方法
TWI783741B (zh) * 2021-10-21 2022-11-11 亞獵士航太科技股份有限公司 輪圈車削加工的自動排屑裝置及其方法
CN116060652A (zh) * 2021-10-29 2023-05-05 亚猎士航太科技股份有限公司 轮圈车削加工的自动排屑装置及自动排屑方法
CN116100052B (zh) * 2023-01-06 2025-06-17 南京航空航天大学 一种仿生燕尾形微织构刀具及其制备方法
CN116618755B (zh) * 2023-05-23 2026-04-03 东南大学 一种自输运微沟槽表面织构刀具及其设计方法
CN117001018B (zh) * 2023-08-23 2026-03-24 厦门大学 一种基于微织构刀具切削加工的能耗优化方法
CN117505905B (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-05-24 山东大学 一种自输送内冷微纳织构刀具
CN117548703B (zh) * 2024-01-12 2024-03-12 山东建筑大学 一种仿生圆鳞结构微织构刀具及加工方法
CN118751951A (zh) * 2024-07-23 2024-10-11 青岛理工大学 一种磁环流超声辅助浸润纳米润滑剂车削装置
CN120439099A (zh) * 2025-05-29 2025-08-08 长春理工大学 一种高精密车削加工辅助装置及使用方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7614471U1 (de) * 1976-05-07 1988-12-08 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Schneidwerkzeug und Einsatz
GB2476900A (en) * 2009-07-16 2011-07-13 Univ Beihang A micro-lubrication system
CN104029079A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2014-09-10 江苏科技大学 一种可控纳米流体雾滴喷雾切削方法及装置
CN108214088A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-29 重庆大学 一种高性能智能化三相微量润滑系统及其使用方法
CN108296497A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2018-07-20 慈溪润德机械制造有限公司 一种车床结构
CN109773225A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-21 哈尔滨理工大学 一种非等距织构精加工减磨车刀片
CN110090973A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-06 青岛理工大学 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7614471U1 (de) * 1976-05-07 1988-12-08 General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y. Schneidwerkzeug und Einsatz
GB2476900A (en) * 2009-07-16 2011-07-13 Univ Beihang A micro-lubrication system
CN104029079A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2014-09-10 江苏科技大学 一种可控纳米流体雾滴喷雾切削方法及装置
CN108296497A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2018-07-20 慈溪润德机械制造有限公司 一种车床结构
CN108214088A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-06-29 重庆大学 一种高性能智能化三相微量润滑系统及其使用方法
CN109773225A (zh) * 2018-12-27 2019-05-21 哈尔滨理工大学 一种非等距织构精加工减磨车刀片
CN110090973A (zh) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-06 青岛理工大学 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113070733A (zh) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-06 上海工程技术大学 基于少量低速喷射润滑的仿生多尺度微织构刀具切削方法
CN113560737A (zh) * 2021-07-28 2021-10-29 哈尔滨理工大学 一种微织构刀具刀体材料性能提升的方法及辅助装置
CN113560737B (zh) * 2021-07-28 2022-11-04 哈尔滨理工大学 一种微织构刀具刀体材料性能提升的方法及辅助装置
TWI800958B (zh) * 2021-10-22 2023-05-01 財團法人工業技術研究院 加工品質監控系統及其方法
CN119514052A (zh) * 2024-10-14 2025-02-25 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 一种混动变速器主动润滑管路尺寸优化方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110090973A (zh) 2019-08-06
US20210031272A1 (en) 2021-02-04
ZA202106162B (en) 2021-10-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2020238282A1 (zh) 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削工艺系统
WO2020238281A1 (zh) 电卡辅助内冷织构车刀及纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统
CN211464865U (zh) 纳米流体微量润滑智能工作系统
Zhang et al. Experimental assessment of an environmentally friendly grinding process using nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication with cryogenic air
Su et al. Refrigerated cooling air cutting of difficult-to-cut materials
CN112605709B (zh) 一种航空铝合金微量润滑铣削加工装置
Jia et al. Experimental verification of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication effectiveness in grinding
Zhang et al. Influences of machining parameters on tool performance when high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting titanium alloys
Neugebauer et al. Resource and energy efficiency in machining using high-performance and hybrid processes
Sampaio et al. Influence of minimum quantity of lubrication (MQL) when turning hardened SAE 1045 steel: a comparison with dry machining
CN207915123U (zh) 一种可调节超声波振子空间位置的超声振动机构及装置
CN108280297B (zh) 一种微量润滑切削加工时冷却润滑工艺参数优化方法
CN204430997U (zh) 一种新型阀门密封面研磨装置
US12600002B2 (en) Internal cooling system for precision turning and control method thereof
Peng et al. Performance of the internal-cooling grooved grinding wheel with patterned abrasives
Wu et al. High-speed milling of hardened mold steel P20 with minimum quantity lubrication
CN117961102A (zh) 润滑油定向输运的微织构刀具车削系统及刀具制备方法
CN210172566U (zh) 外冷织构车刀部件及纳米流体微量润滑与微织构刀具耦合的车削系统
CN109732200A (zh) 一种微织构的激光加工辅助装置及微织构激光加工方法
Zhang et al. A low temperature nano-lubrication method for enhancing machinability in ultra-precision grinding of binderless tungsten carbide (WC)
CN110293442A (zh) 一种用于切削加工的颗粒流固体润滑方法
Gao et al. Research on the influence of the cutting conditions on the surface microstructure of ultra-thin wall parts in ultrasonic vibration cutting
Liu et al. Thermodynamic mechanism of cryogenic air minimum quantity lubrication grinding
CN107243719A (zh) 一种薄壁半盲及全盲小深孔筒体内壁加工方法
Iskandar et al. On the effect of MQL parameters on machining quality of CFRP

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 20814085

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 20814085

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1