WO2020233457A1 - 一种阀门耦合振动测试装置及测试方法 - Google Patents

一种阀门耦合振动测试装置及测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233457A1
WO2020233457A1 PCT/CN2020/089872 CN2020089872W WO2020233457A1 WO 2020233457 A1 WO2020233457 A1 WO 2020233457A1 CN 2020089872 W CN2020089872 W CN 2020089872W WO 2020233457 A1 WO2020233457 A1 WO 2020233457A1
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valve
vibration
tested
upstream
downstream
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English (en)
French (fr)
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钱锦远
吴嘉懿
侯聪伟
金志江
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/003—Machine valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
    • G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
    • G01M7/022—Vibration control arrangements, e.g. for generating random vibrations

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  • the invention relates to valve vibration testing, in particular to a vibration testing system for investigating externally excited valve vibration and flow-induced vibration, integral vibration and coupling vibration caused by the collision of parts.
  • the valve realizes the control of process parameters such as fluid pipeline pressure and flow rate by changing the size of the flow area. Due to the strong throttling effect, the valve is one of the vibration sources in the fluid pipeline. Vibration of the valve will cause harm to the equipment and operators. At present, with the continuous emergence of various severe working conditions, valve vibration problems are becoming more and more prominent. Therefore, it is of practical and important significance to investigate and study valve vibration problems.
  • Valve vibration can be divided into externally excited vibration and flow-induced vibration according to the source.
  • Externally excited vibration means that when the system where the valve is located or other parts of the system are in a state of vibration, the vibration is transmitted to the valve through connections such as pipelines, thereby causing the valve to vibrate.
  • Flow-induced vibration refers to the vibration of the regulating valve caused by the fluid flow in the valve. In the actual work of the valve, these two forms of vibration often occur at the same time, producing a coupled vibration effect on the valve.
  • the current research on valve vibration often only focuses on flow-induced vibration or self-excited vibration, without considering the two together, let alone exploring the difference between the two, making the final research results incomplete.
  • valve as an assembly is significantly different from the pipeline, which makes the coupling vibration test device suitable for pipelines not suitable for testing valve coupling vibration.
  • the pipe is a single component, and when it vibrates, it appears as an overall vibration.
  • the valve is an assembly of multiple parts. In addition to the overall vibration produced with the connecting pipe, there will also be vibration caused by the collision of the parts. In the current research on valve vibration, these two vibration forms are often not distinguished, but only the combined effect of the two is considered, making the final research results not detailed enough and not pertinent.
  • valve is often equipped with an actuator for adjusting the valve opening during actual operation.
  • the quality of the actuator will significantly change the vibration response of the valve, so the impact of the actuator must be considered when studying valve vibration.
  • different valves have different actuators, and even the same valve has different actuators in different applications. Purchasing different types of actuators just to perform vibration tests on the valve will obviously cause huge waste.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a valve coupling vibration test device and test method, which can separately investigate the externally excited valve vibration, the flow-induced vibration and the coupled vibration when the two work together, and at the same time, can distinguish the overall valve vibration and the caused by the vibration test. Vibration caused by the collision of parts, so as to meet the research needs of valve vibration mechanism.
  • a center of gravity adjustment device is provided in the device to replace different actuators equivalently, thereby reducing test costs.
  • a valve coupling vibration test device consists of a storage tank, a power machine, a buffer tank, a flow meter, an upstream control valve, an upstream pressure gauge, a valve to be tested, a downstream pressure gauge, and a downstream control valve through a metal pipeline and
  • the pressure hose is connected to form a fluid flow circuit;
  • the storage tank is used to store fluid, and the buffer tank is used to stabilize the pressure;
  • the flow meter is used to measure the flow in the circuit, and the upstream pressure gauge and downstream pressure gauge are used to measure the valve Downstream pressure;
  • a vibrating table is set up; the two vibrating tables are respectively connected to the metal pipes upstream and downstream of the valve to be tested through clamps Connected, the clamp is clamped on the outside of the metal pipeline;
  • a section of pressure hose is set on the fluid flow circuit between the two vibration tables and the upstream pressure gauge and the downstream pressure gauge to isolate the valve to be tested
  • the power machine is a water pump or a compressor for providing power for fluid flow.
  • the valve to be tested is a gate valve, a stop valve, a check valve, a ball valve, a plug valve, a butterfly valve, a diaphragm valve, a plunger valve, a safety valve, a pressure reducing valve or a regulating valve.
  • the center of gravity adjustment mechanism is composed of a support frame, a column, a counterweight ball frame, a fixed ring and a counterweight ball;
  • the column is welded to the center of the top surface of the support frame, and the bottom surface of the support frame is connected to the valve cover of the valve to be tested;
  • the frame is composed of four equal-length metal rods welded to the outside of the metal casing along the radial direction. The four metal rods are arranged in a cross shape; the counterweight ball frame is sleeved on the column through the metal casing, and the inner diameter of the metal casing is connected to the outside of the column.
  • the diameter is the same; there is a fixing ring on the upper and lower sides of the metal casing, which is sleeved on the column, the inner diameter of the fixing ring is the same as the outer diameter of the column; the column and the fixing ring are connected by threads, and the inner side of the metal casing is free of threads.
  • the weight ball is a number of metal balls with through holes, and the diameter of the weight ball is the same as the outer diameter of the metal rod of the weight ball frame ;
  • the weight ball and the metal rod of the weight ball frame are connected by threads, and the position of the weight ball on the metal rod of the weight ball frame can be adjusted by rotating the weight ball.
  • each metal rod of the weight ball rack is provided with a weight ball.
  • the masses of the weight balls on different metal rods are the same or different.
  • the data acquisition and control device is a computer.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a valve coupling vibration test method based on the above valve coupling vibration test device, and its implementation steps are as follows:
  • different combinations of vibration excitations include two vibration tables outputting the same form of vibration Excitation, two vibration tables output different forms of vibration excitation, and one vibration table outputs vibration excitation, the other vibration table does not output vibration excitation; after the device is stable, the flow rate in the device is recorded through the data acquisition and control device.
  • test valve contains externally excited vibration and components Vibration response under vibration caused by collision.
  • the three-dimensional software includes Solidworks, UG, CATIA, and Inventor.
  • the method for modifying the valve to be tested includes fixing the internal parts of the valve by screw connection and fixing the internal parts of the valve by welding.
  • a valve coupling vibration test system which can separately inspect externally excited valve vibration, flow-induced vibration and the coupled vibration when the two interact;
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the testing device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the external three-dimensional structure of the valve to be tested and a schematic diagram of the center of gravity adjustment mechanism of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal parts of the valve to be tested in the present invention and a schematic diagram of its two modified forms, taking a sleeve valve as an example for display.
  • 1 is storage tank
  • 2 is power machinery
  • 3 is buffer tank
  • 4 is flow meter
  • 5 is upstream control valve
  • 6 is upstream pressure gauge
  • 7 is transition joint
  • 8 is vibration table
  • 9 is strain gauge
  • 10 is a vibration acceleration sensor
  • 11 is a valve to be tested
  • 12 is a clamp
  • 13 is a pressure hose
  • 14 is a data line
  • 15 is a downstream pressure gauge
  • 16 is a downstream control valve
  • 17 is a metal pipe
  • 18 is computer
  • FIG. 2 (a) is a schematic diagram of the external three-dimensional structure of the valve to be tested, in which 11-1 is the valve body, 11-2 is the valve cover, 11-3 is the support frame, 11-4 is the column, and 11-5 is the fitting For heavy balls, 11-6 is a counterweight ball holder, 11-7 is a fixed ring, 11-8 is a hand wheel, and 11-9 is a valve stem; (b) is an enlarged schematic diagram of a counterweight ball holder; (c) is a fixed ring Enlarged schematic diagram; (d) is an enlarged schematic diagram of the weight ball
  • FIG. 3 (a) is the original assembly form of the internal parts of the valve to be tested, where 11-1 is the valve body, 11-9 is the valve stem, 11-10 is the valve core, and 11-11 is the sleeve; (b) To use threaded connection to fix and restrain the internal parts of the valve to be tested; (c) to fix and restrain the internal parts of the valve by welding.
  • the meter 15 and the downstream control valve 16 are connected to the pressure hose 13 via a metal pipe 17 in turn to form a fluid flow circuit.
  • the storage tank 1 is used to store fluid
  • the buffer tank 3 is used to stabilize the pressure.
  • the power machine 2 includes a water pump and a compressor for providing power for fluid flow.
  • the power machine 2 is a water pump; for the valve with gas as the working medium, the power machine 2 is the compressor.
  • the flow meter 4 is used to measure the flow in the loop, and the upstream pressure gauge 6 and the downstream pressure gauge 15 are used to measure the pressure upstream and downstream of the valve 11 to be tested.
  • a vibrating table 8 is provided between the valve to be tested 11 and the upstream pressure gauge 6, and the valve to be tested 11 and the downstream pressure gauge 15.
  • the two vibrating tables 8 are respectively connected to the metal pipes 17 upstream and downstream of the valve to be tested 11 through clamps 12, and the clamps 12 are clamped outside the metal pipes 17.
  • a section of pressure-resistant hose 13 is respectively provided.
  • the rest of the fluid flow circuit adopts metal pipes 17, and the pressure-resistant hose 13 and metal pipes 17 are connected by a transition joint 7.
  • the pressure hose 13 is used to isolate the impact of the vibration of the power machine 2 from the valve 11 to be tested.
  • a strain gauge 9 and a vibration acceleration sensor 10 are arranged on the valve 11 to be tested.
  • the strain gauge 9 is used to measure the dynamic strain of the valve to be tested during the test
  • the vibration acceleration sensor 10 is used to measure the vibration acceleration of the valve to be tested during the test.
  • outside the fluid flow circuit there is a computer 18 for data acquisition and signal control.
  • the computer 18 is respectively connected to the flow meter 4, the upstream pressure gauge 6, the downstream pressure gauge 15, the two vibration tables 8, the strain gauge 9 and the vibration acceleration sensor 10 through the data line 14.
  • the data measured by the flow meter 4, the upstream pressure gauge 6, the downstream pressure gauge 15, the strain gauge 9 and the vibration acceleration sensor 10 are recorded in the computer 18.
  • the computer 18 can control the two vibration tables 8 to output different combinations of vibration excitation.
  • a center of gravity adjustment mechanism is installed on the valve to be tested to simulate the effect of the actuator on the valve.
  • the valve coupling vibration test device of the present invention can be used for coupling vibration test of gate valves, stop valves, check valves, ball valves, plug valves, butterfly valves, diaphragm valves, plunger valves, safety valves, pressure reducing valves, regulating valves and other valves.
  • the valve to be tested 11 uses a sleeve-type regulating valve as a specific embodiment to show the working principle of the valve coupling vibration test device of the present invention and the test method based on the device.
  • the three-dimensional diagram of the external structure of the sleeve-type regulating valve with the center of gravity adjustment device is shown in Fig. 2(a), and the schematic diagram of the internal structure of the sleeve-type regulating valve is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the sleeve type regulating valve consists of a valve body 11-1, a valve cover 11-2, a hand wheel 11-8, a valve stem 11-9, a valve core 11-10 and a sleeve 11-11.
  • the sleeve 11-11 is installed between the valve body 11-1 and the valve cover 11-2.
  • the valve cover 11-2 and the valve body 11-1 are connected by screws. Due to the restriction of the displacement between the valve cover 11-2 and the valve body 11-1, the sleeve 11-11 cannot move in the axial direction. However, there is a slight gap between the sleeve 11-11 and the valve body in the circumferential direction, and it will collide with the valve body under strong impact.
  • the sleeve 11-11 is provided with a funnel-shaped window in the circumferential direction, and the fluid flows into the sleeve-type regulating valve from the valve inlet and flows out of the valve outlet after passing through the funnel-shaped window.
  • the valve core 11-10 is sleeved inside the sleeve 11-11, and the up and down movement of the valve core 11-10 will change the flow area of the funnel-shaped window.
  • the funnel-shaped window is completely obscured by the spool, and the valve is closed; when the spool 11-10 moves to the highest position, the funnel-shaped window is completely opened and the valve opens to the maximum; when the spool 11 -10 Move from the lowest position to the highest position, the funnel-shaped window is completely blocked from completely open, and the valve opening gradually increases.
  • the valve stem 11-9 and the valve core 11-10 are connected by threads.
  • valve stem is connected with the valve cover 11-2 and the handwheel 11-8 through a threaded connection.
  • Rotating the hand wheel 11-8 can make the valve core 11-10 move up and down, thereby changing the area covered by the funnel-shaped window, thereby realizing the adjustment of the opening of the sleeve-type regulating valve.
  • the center of gravity adjustment device is composed of a support frame 11-3, a column 11-4, a counterweight ball frame 11-6, a fixed ring 11-7 and a counterweight ball 11-5.
  • the column 11-4 is welded to the center of the top surface of the support frame, and the bottom surface of the support frame 11-3 is connected to the valve cover 11-2 of the valve to be tested by screws.
  • the counterweight ball holder 11-6 is shown in Figure 2(b). It is composed of four metal rods of equal length welded to the outside of the metal sleeve along the radial direction. The angle between the four metal rods is 90 degrees, Arranged in a cross shape.
  • the counterweight ball frame 11-6 is sleeved on the column 11-4 through a metal sleeve, and the inner diameter of the metal sleeve of the counterweight ball frame 11-6 is the same as the outer diameter of the column 11-4.
  • a fixing ring 11-7 is sleeved on the column 11-4 on the upper and lower metal sleeves of the counterweight ball frame 11-6, and the inner diameter of the fixing ring 11-7 is the same as the outer diameter of the column 11-4.
  • the fixing ring 11-7 is shown in Figure 2(c).
  • the column 11-4 and the fixing ring 11-7 are connected by threads.
  • the thread on the column 11-4 has a certain length for the fixing ring 11-7 to move up and down, and there is no thread on the inner side of the metal sleeve of the counterweight ball bracket 11-6. , Can move freely on the column.
  • the weight ball 11-5 is a series of metal balls with through holes of different masses, as shown in Figure 2(d). When in use, the weight ball 11-5 of the corresponding quality can be selected and set on the weight ball rack 11-6 according to the needs.
  • the diameter of the weight ball 11-5 is the same as the outer diameter of the metal rod of the weight ball holder 11-6.
  • the metal rod of the weight ball 11-5 and the weight ball frame 11-6 are connected by threads.
  • the thread on the metal rod also has a certain length, and the position of the weight ball on the metal rod of the weight ball holder 11-6 can be adjusted by rotating the weight ball 11-5.
  • Each metal rod of the weight ball rack 11-6 is provided with a weight ball 11-5.
  • the coupling vibration test of the sleeve-type regulating valve can be realized.
  • the steps of the test method are as follows:
  • Three-dimensional modeling software includes Solidworks, UG, CATIA, Inventor, etc.
  • the height can be adjusted by changing the height parameter value of the counterweight ball holder 11-6 on the column 11-4.
  • the position parameter value on -6 can realize the adjustment of its position.
  • the 3D software first adjust the height of the counterweight ball rack 11-6 on the column 11-4 until the height of the center of gravity of the center of gravity adjustment mechanism is the same as the height of the center of gravity of the actuator.
  • the computer 18 After the device runs stably, the computer 18 records the flow rate in the device, the pressure on and downstream of the sleeve type regulating valve, and the vibration acceleration and dynamic strain of the sleeve type regulating valve 11. Thus, the vibration response of the sleeve-type regulating valve including flow-induced vibration and vibration caused by the collision of parts is obtained.
  • the vibration tables 8 Turn on the two vibration tables 8, and use the computer 18 to control the two vibration tables 8 to output different combinations of vibration excitations to simulate different externally excited vibrations.
  • Different combinations of vibration excitation include two vibration tables 8 outputting the same form of vibration excitation, two vibration tables 8 outputting different forms of vibration excitation, and one vibration table 8 outputting vibration excitation, the other shaking table 8 outputting no vibration excitation Wait.
  • the vibration excitation form output by the shaker should refer to the corresponding literature.
  • the computer 18 After the device runs stably, the computer 18 records the flow rate in the device, the pressure on and downstream of the sleeve-type regulating valve, and the vibration acceleration and dynamic strain of the sleeve-type regulating valve.
  • the vibration response of the sleeve type regulating valve including externally excited vibration, flow-induced vibration and vibration caused by the collision of parts is obtained.
  • the modification method includes the use of threaded connections to fix the valve core, sleeve, and valve body, as shown in Figure 3(b).
  • the modification method also includes the use of welding to fix the valve core, sleeve, and valve body, as shown in Figure 3(c). Reinstall the modified valve on the test device and turn on the power machine 2.
  • the computer 18 After the device runs stably, the computer 18 records the flow rate in the device, the pressure on and downstream of the sleeve-type regulating valve, and the vibration acceleration and dynamic strain of the sleeve-type regulating valve. Thus, the vibration response of the sleeve-type regulating valve only containing flow-induced vibration is obtained.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

一种阀门耦合振动测试装置及测试方法。测试装置由贮存罐(1)、动力机械(2)、缓冲罐(3)、流量计(4)、上游控制阀(5)、上游压力表(6)、待测试阀门(11)、下游压力表(15)和下游控制阀(16)依次通过金属管路(17)与耐压软管(13)相连组成流体流动回路，由振动台(8)提供外激振动激励。待测试阀门(11)上布置有振动加速度传感器(10)与应变片(9)分别用于测量振动加速度与动应变，并安装了重心调节机构代替执行机构。能够分别考察不同工作介质，不同结构形式及不同工作条件的阀门外激振动，流激振动及二者共同作用时的耦合振动，并通过测试不同组装形式的阀门区别出由零部件碰撞导致的振动。

Description

一种阀门耦合振动测试装置及测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及阀门振动测试，尤其是涉及一种用于考察阀门外激振动与流激振动，整体振动与由零件碰撞引起的耦合振动的振动测试系统。
背景技术
阀门通过改变流通面积的大小从而实现对流体管路压力，流量等工艺参数的控制。由于强烈的节流作用，阀门是流体管路中的振动源之一。阀门的振动会对设备与操作人员产生危害。当下，伴随着各类严酷工况的不断出现，阀门振动问题愈发凸显。因此，对阀门振动问题进行调查研究具有实际而重要的意义。
阀门的振动根据来源可分为外激振动与流激振动。外激振动是指阀门所在系统或系统中其他部件处于振动状态时，振动通过管线等连接件传递至阀门，从而引发阀门的振动。流激振动指的是由阀内流体流动引发的调节阀振动。在阀门的实际工作中，这两种形式的振动经常同时发生，对阀门产生耦合振动作用。但当下对阀门的振动研究中，往往只针对流激振动或自激振动，而没有将二者统合考虑，更没有探究二者的区别，使得最终的研究结果不够全面。
同时，虽然当下对管道流激振动与外激振动耦合作用已有一定研究，也出现了一些可行的测试装置。但阀门作为一个装配体与管道有显著的不同，这使得适用于管道的耦合振动测试装置不适用于测试阀门耦合振动。管道是一个单独的部件，发生振动时表现为整体振动。而阀门是多个零部件的装配体，除了与连接管道一起产生整体振动外，还会出现由零部件碰撞导致的振动。当下对阀门的振动研究中，往往不区分这两种振动形式，而仅考虑二者的合效果，使得最终的研究结果不够细致，不具有针对性。
另外，阀门实际运行时往往装配有用于调节阀门开度的执行机构。执行机构的质量会显著改变阀门的振动响应，因此研究阀门振动时必须考虑执行机构的影响。然而不同的阀门有不同的执行机构，甚至相同的阀门在不同的应用场合中也有不同的执行机构。仅仅为了对阀门进行振动测试而购买不同类型的执行机构，显然会造成巨大的浪费。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种阀门耦合振动测试装置及测试方法，能够分别考察阀门外激振动，流激振动及二者共同作用时的耦合振动，同时能够在振动测试中区分阀门整体振动与 由零部件碰撞导致的振动，从而满足对阀门振动机理的研究需求。另外，在装置中设置一种重心调节装置用于等效代替不同的执行机构，从而降低测试成本。
本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种阀门耦合振动测试装置，该测试装置中由贮存罐、动力机械、缓冲罐、流量计、上游控制阀、上游压力表、待测试阀门、下游压力表和下游控制阀依次通过金属管路与耐压软管相连组成流体流动回路；贮存罐用于储存流体，缓冲罐用于平稳压力；流量计用于测量回路中的流量，上游压力表和下游压力表分别用于测量待测试阀门上、下游的压力；在待测试阀门与上游压力表以及待测试阀门与下游压力表之间，各设置了一台振动台；两台振动台通过卡箍分别与待测试阀门上、下游的金属管路连接，卡箍夹持在金属管路外侧；在两台振动台与上游压力表、下游压力表之间的流体流动回路上分别设置有一段耐压软管，用于隔绝动力机械振动对待测试阀的影响，流体流动回路中其余管路均采用金属管路，耐压软管与金属管路之间利用过渡接头相连；在待测试阀门上布置有应变片与振动加速度传感器，应变片用于测量待测试阀门在测试过程中的动应变，振动加速度传感器用于测量待测试阀门在测试过程中的振动加速度；在流体流动回路之外，设有一台数据采集和控制装置；数据采集和控制装置通过数据线分别与流量计、上游压力表、下游压力表、两台振动台、应变片和振动加速度传感器连接；流量计、上游压力表、下游压力表、应变片和振动加速度传感器测量的数据记录在数据采集和控制装置中，同时通过数据采集和控制装置控制两台振动台输出不同组合形式的振动激励；在待测试阀门上安装有重心调节机构，用于模拟执行机构对阀门的作用。
优选的，所述动力机械为水泵或压缩机，用于提供流体流动的动力。
优选的，所述待测试阀门为闸阀、截止阀、止回阀、球阀、旋塞阀、蝶阀、隔膜阀、柱塞阀、安全阀、减压阀或调节阀。
优选的，所述重心调节机构由支承架、立柱、配重球架、固定环和配重球组成；立柱焊接于支承架顶面中心，支承架底面与待测试阀门阀盖相连；配重球架由四根等长的金属杆沿径向焊接于金属套管外侧组成，四根金属杆呈十字交叉形状布置；配重球架通过金属套管套于立柱上，金属套管内径与立柱外径相同；在金属套管上下各有一个固定环套在立柱上，固定环内径与立柱外径相同；立柱与固定环之间通过螺纹相连，金属套管内侧不设螺纹，可以在立柱上自由活动；通过旋转两个固定环，可以调节并固定配重球架在立柱上的高度；配重球为若干带有通孔的金属球，配重球孔径与配重球架金属杆外径相同；配重球与配重球架金属杆之间通过螺纹相连，通过旋转配重球可以调节配重球在配重球架金属杆上的位置。
优选的，所述配重球架的每条金属杆上均设有一个配重球。
优选的，不同金属杆上的配重球质量相同或不同。
优选的，所述的数据采集和控制装置为计算机。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种基于上述阀门耦合振动测试装置的阀门耦合振动测试方 法，其实施步骤依次为：
1)将待测试阀门以原始组装形式安装于阀门耦合振动测试装置中，利用螺钉将重心调节机构安装于阀盖上；利用手轮将阀门调节至目标开度；选取四个质量相同的配重球，同时使四个配重球、支承架、立柱、配重球架和固定环的合质量与用于调节待测试阀门开度的执行机构的质量相同；在三维建模软件中1:1建立重心调节机构模型，并输入各部件的材料密度，利用三维建模软件计算重心调节机构的重心；在三维建模软件中，通过改变配重球架在立柱上的高度参数值实现对其高度的调节，通过改变四个配重球在配重球架上的位置参数值实现对其位置的调节；在三维软件中，首先调节配重球架在立柱上的高度，直至重心调节机构重心高度与所述执行机构重心高度相同；接着在三维软件中调节四个配重球在配重球架上的位置，直至重心调节机构重心横向位置与所述执行机构重心横向位置相同；按照此时三维软件中配重球架在立柱上的高度与四个配重球在配重球架上的位置，调节实际的重心调节机构，从而使重心调节机构等效代替所述执行机构；
2)打开动力机械，并通过调节上游控制阀和下游控制阀改变流体流动回路中的流量及待测试阀门上、下游的压力；
3)待装置运行稳定，通过数据采集和控制装置记录装置中的流量，待测试阀门上、下游的压力，待测试阀门的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门在包含流激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应；
4)打开两台振动台，利用数据采集和控制装置控制两台振动台输出不同组合形式的振动激励，模拟不同的外激振动；不同组合形式的振动激励包括两台振动台输出相同形式的振动激励、两台振动台输出不同形式的振动激励，以及一台振动台输出振动激励，另一台振动台不输出振动激励；待装置运行稳定后，通过数据采集和控制装置记录装置中的流量，待测试阀门上、下游的压力，待测试阀门的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门在包含外激振动、流激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应；
5)关闭动力机械，保持两台振动台工作，待装置运行稳定，通过数据采集和控制装置记录待测试阀门的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门在包含外激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应。
6)关闭两台振动台和动力机械，并将待测试阀门从装置中拆解下来；对待测试阀门进行改装，使阀门零部件之间相互固定，无法碰撞；将改装后的阀门重新安装于测试装置上，并打开动力机械；待装置运行稳定，通过数据采集和控制装置记录装置中的流量，待测试阀门上、下游的压力，待测试阀门的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门在仅包含流激振动下的振动响应；
7)然后再基于改装后的待测试阀门重复步骤4)和步骤5)，由此分别获得待测试阀门在包含外激振动和流激振动下的振动响应和待测试阀门在仅包含外激振动时的振动响应；
8)通过手轮调节阀门开度，通过上游控制阀和下游控制阀调节装置回路中的流量及待测试阀门上、下游的压力，并重复步骤2)至6)，获得阀门在不同开度、不同流量及不同的阀门上、下游压力时，阀门的振动响应。
优选的，所述的三维软件包括Solidworks，UG，CATIA，Inventor。
优选的，对待测试阀门进行改装的方法包括利用螺纹连接固定阀门内部零部件和利用焊接固定阀门内部零部件。
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)提供了一种阀门耦合振动测试系统，能够分别考察阀门外激振动，流激振动及二者共同作用时的耦合振动；
(2)能够在振动测试中区分阀门整体振动与由零部件碰撞导致的振动；
(3)在不需要购置、安装执行机构的条件下即可进行测试，节约了实验成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的测试装置结构示意图。
图2是本发明中待测试阀的外部三维结构示意图及重心调节机构示意图。
图3是本发明中待测试阀的内部零件示意图及其两种改装形式示意图，以一种套筒阀为例进行展示。
图1中：1为贮存罐，2为动力机械，3为缓冲罐，4为流量计，5为上游控制阀，6为上游压力表，7为过渡接头，8为振动台，9为应变片，10为振动加速度传感器，11为待测试阀门，12为卡箍，13为耐压软管，14为数据线，15为下游压力表，16为下游控制阀，17为金属管路，18为计算机；
图2中：(a)为待测试阀的外部三维结构示意图，其中11-1为阀体，11-2为阀盖，11-3为支承架，11-4为立柱，11-5为配重球，11-6为配重球架，11-7为固定环，11-8为手轮，11-9为阀杆；(b)为配重球架放大示意图；(c)为固定环放大示意图；(d)为配重球放大示意图
图3中：(a)为待测试阀门内部零件的原始组装形式，其中11-1为阀体，11-9为阀杆，11-10为阀芯，11-11为套筒；(b)为利用螺纹连接将待测试阀内部零件固定约束；(c)为利用焊接将阀内部零件固定约束。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
如图1所示，本发明的阀门耦合振动测试装置中，由贮存罐1、动力机械2、缓冲罐3、流量计4、上游控制阀5、上游压力表6、待测试阀门11、下游压力表15和下游控制阀16依 次通过金属管路17与耐压软管13相连组成流体流动回路。贮存罐1用于储存流体，缓冲罐3用于平稳压力。动力机械2包括水泵、压缩机，用于提供流体流动的动力。对于以液体为工作介质的阀门，动力机械2为水泵；对于以气体为工作介质的阀门，动力机械2为压缩机。流量计4用于测量回路中的流量，上游压力表6和下游压力表15用于测量待测试阀门11上、下游的压力。在待测试阀门11与上游压力表6以及待测试阀门11与下游压力表15之间，各设置了一台振动台8。两台振动台8通过卡箍12分别与待测试阀门11上、下游的金属管路17连接，卡箍12夹持在金属管路17外侧。在两台振动台8与上游压力表6、下游压力表15之间分别设置有一段耐压软管13，流体流动回路其余管路均采用金属管路17，耐压软管13与金属管路17之间利用过渡接头7相连。耐压软管13用来隔绝动力机械2振动对待测试阀11的影响。在待测试阀门11上布置有应变片9与振动加速度传感器10。应变片9用于测量待测试阀门在测试过程中的动应变，振动加速度传感器10用于测量待测试阀门在测试过程中的振动加速度。在流体流动回路之外，设有一台计算机18，用于数据采集和信号控制。计算机18通过数据线14分别与流量计4、上游压力表6、下游压力表15、两台振动台8、应变片9和振动加速度传感器10连接。流量计4、上游压力表6、下游压力表15、应变片9和振动加速度传感器10测量的数据记录在计算机18中，同时可通过计算机18控制两台振动台8输出不同组合形式的振动激励。在待测试阀门上安装有重心调节机构，用于模拟执行机构对阀门的作用。本发明中的阀门耦合振动测试装置可用于闸阀，截止阀，止回阀，球阀，旋塞阀，蝶阀，隔膜阀，柱塞阀，安全阀，减压阀，调节阀等阀门的耦合振动测试。
为使对本发明的说明更容易被理解，待测试阀门11以一种套筒式调节阀为具体实施例，展示本发明中阀门耦合振动测试装置的工作原理及基于该装置的测试方法。安装有重心调节装置的套筒式调节阀的外部结构三维图见图2(a)，套筒式调节阀的内部结构示意图见图3。套筒式调节阀由阀体11-1，阀盖11-2，手轮11-8，阀杆11-9，阀芯11-10和套筒11-11组成。套筒11-11安装于阀体11-1和阀盖11-2之间。阀盖11-2与阀体11-1之间通过螺钉连接。由于阀盖11-2与阀体11-1之间的位移限制，套筒11-11在轴向上无法移动。但套筒11-11周向上与阀体之间存在微小间隙，在强烈的冲击下会与阀体发生碰撞。套筒11-11周向上开有漏斗形窗口，流体从阀门入口流入套筒式调节阀并通过漏斗形窗口后，流出阀门出口。阀芯11-10套于套筒11-11内侧，阀芯11-10的上下移动会改变漏斗形窗口的流通面积。当阀芯11-10移动到最低位置，漏斗形窗口完全被阀芯遮挡，阀门关闭；当阀芯11-10移动到最高位置，漏斗形窗口完全开放，阀门开启到最大程度；当阀芯11-10从最低位置移动最高位置，漏斗形窗口从完全被遮挡到完全开放，阀门开度逐渐增大。阀杆11-9与阀芯11-10通过螺纹连接。同时，阀杆通过螺纹连接与阀盖11-2，手轮11-8连接。旋转手轮11-8，可使阀芯11-10上、下移动，从而改变漏斗形窗口被遮挡的面积，进而实现对套筒式调节阀开度的调节。阀芯11-10与套筒11-11之间存在微小间隙，在强烈的冲击下也会发生相互之间的碰撞。
重心调节装置由支承架11-3、立柱11-4、配重球架11-6、固定环11-7和配重球11-5组成。立柱11-4焊接于支承架顶面中心，支承架11-3底面通过螺钉与待测试阀门阀盖11-2相连。配重球架11-6如图2(b)所示，由四根等长的金属杆沿径向焊接于金属套管外侧组成，四根金属杆相互之间的夹角为90度，呈十字交叉形状布置。配重球架11-6通过金属套管套于立柱11-4上，配重球架11-6金属套管内径与立柱11-4外径相同。在配重球架11-6金属套管上下各有一个固定环11-7套在立柱11-4上，固定环11-7内径与立柱11-4外径相同。固定环11-7如图2(c)所示。立柱11-4与固定环11-7之间通过螺纹相连，立柱11-4上的螺纹具有一定的长度供固定环11-7上下移动，配重球架11-6金属套管内侧不设螺纹，可以在立柱上自由活动。通过旋转两个固定环11-7，可以调节并固定配重球架11-6在立柱11-4上的高度。配重球11-5为一系列质量不同带有通孔的金属球，如图2(d)所示。使用时可根据需要选择相应质量的配重球11-5套入配重球架11-6上。配重球11-5孔径与配重球架11-6金属杆外径相同。配重球11-5与配重球架11-6金属杆之间通过螺纹相连。金属杆上的螺纹也具有一定的长度，通过旋转配重球11-5可以调节配重球在配重球架11-6金属杆上的位置。配重球架11-6的每条金属杆上均设有一个配重球11-5。
利用本发明中的阀门耦合振动测试装置，可实现对套筒式调节阀的耦合振动测试，测试方法的步骤依次为：
1)将套筒式调节阀以原始组装形式，即如图3(a)所示的套筒式调节阀在正常工作状态时各零部件的组装形式，安装于阀门耦合振动测试装置中，利用螺钉将重心调节机构安装于阀盖11-2上。利用手轮11-8将阀门调节至预先设定的开度。查阅阀门产品手册，确定该套筒式调节阀所匹配的用于调节阀门开度的执行机构质量与重心。选取四个质量相同的配重球11-6，同时使四个配重球、支承架11-3、立柱11-4、配重球架11-6和固定环11-7的合质量与执行机构的质量相同。在三维建模软件中1:1建立重心调节机构模型，并输入各部件的材料密度，利用三维软件可计算重心调节机构的重心。三维建模软件包括Solidworks，UG，CATIA，Inventor等。在三维建模软件中，通过改变配重球架11-6在立柱11-4上的高度参数值可实现对其高度的调节，通过改变四个配重球11-5在配重球架11-6上的位置参数值可实现对其位置的调节。在三维软件中，首先调节配重球架11-6在立柱11-4上的高度，直至重心调节机构重心高度与执行机构重心高度相同。接着在三维软件中调节四个配重球11-5在配重球架11-6上的位置，直至重心调节机构重心横向位置与执行机构重心横向位置相同。按照此时三维软件中配重球架11-6在立柱11-4上的高度与四个配重球11-5在配重球架11-6上的位置，调节实际的重心调节机构，从而使重心调节机构等效代替执行机构。
2)打开动力机械2，并通过调节上游控制阀5和下游控制阀16改变流体流动回路中的流量及套筒式调节阀上、下游的压力。
3)待装置运行稳定，通过计算机18记录装置中的流量，套筒式调节阀上、下游的压力， 套筒式调节阀11的振动加速度与动应变。由此获得套筒式调节阀在包含流激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应。
4)打开两台振动台8，利用计算机18控制两台振动台8输出不同组合形式的振动激励，模拟不同的外激振动。不同组合形式的振动激励包括两台振动台8输出相同形式的振动激励，两台振动台8输出不同形式的振动激励以及一台振动台8输出振动激励，另一台振动台8不输出振动激励等。模拟不同的外激振动时，振动台输出的振动激励形式应参照相应的文献。待装置运行稳定后，通过计算机18记录装置中的流量，套筒式调节阀上、下游的压力，套筒式调节阀的振动加速度与动应变。由此获得套筒式调节阀在包含外激振动、流激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应。
5)关闭动力机械2，保持两台振动台8工作，待装置运行稳定，通过计算机18记录套筒式调节阀11的振动加速度与动应变。由此获得套筒式调节阀在包含外激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应。
6)关闭两台振动台8和动力机械2，并将套筒式调节阀从装置中拆解下来。对套筒式调节阀进行改装，使阀门零部件之间相互固定，无法碰撞。改装方法包括利用螺纹连接固定阀芯、套筒和阀体等阀门内部零部件，如图3(b)所示。改装方法还包括利用焊接固定阀芯、套筒和阀体等阀门内部零部件，如图3(c)所示。将改装后的阀门重新安装于测试装置上，并打开动力机械2。待装置运行稳定，通过计算机18记录装置中的流量，套筒式调节阀上、下游的压力，套筒式调节阀的振动加速度与动应变。由此获得套筒式调节阀在仅包含流激振动下的振动响应。
7)然后再基于改装后的套筒式调节阀重复步骤4)和步骤5)，由此分别获得套筒式调节阀在包含外激振动和流激振动下的振动响应和套筒式调节阀在仅包含外激振动时的振动响应。
8)通过手轮11-8调节阀门开度，通过上游控制阀5和下游控制阀16调节装置回路中的流量及套筒式调节阀上、下游的压力，并重复步骤2)至6)，获得套筒式调节阀在不同开度、不同流量及不同的阀门上、下游压力时的振动响应。
应当明确，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，均属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：测试装置中由贮存罐(1)、动力机械(2)、缓冲罐(3)、流量计(4)、上游控制阀(5)、上游压力表(6)、待测试阀门(11)、下游压力表(15)和下游控制阀(16)依次通过金属管路(17)与耐压软管(13)相连组成流体流动回路；贮存罐(1)用于储存流体，缓冲罐(3)用于平稳压力；流量计(4)用于测量回路中的流量，上游压力表(6)和下游压力表(15)分别用于测量待测试阀门(11)上、下游的压力；在待测试阀门(11)与上游压力表(6)以及待测试阀门(11)与下游压力表(15)之间，各设置了一台振动台(8)；两台振动台(8)通过卡箍(12)分别与待测试阀门(11)上、下游的金属管路(17)连接，卡箍(12)夹持在金属管路(17)外侧；在两台振动台(8)与上游压力表(6)、下游压力表(15)之间的流体流动回路上分别设置有一段耐压软管(13)，用于隔绝动力机械(2)振动对待测试阀(11)的影响，流体流动回路中其余管路均采用金属管路(17)，耐压软管(13)与金属管路(17)之间利用过渡接头(7)相连；在待测试阀门(11)上布置有应变片(9)与振动加速度传感器(10)，应变片(9)用于测量待测试阀门在测试过程中的动应变，振动加速度传感器(10)用于测量待测试阀门在测试过程中的振动加速度；在流体流动回路之外，设有一台数据采集和控制装置；数据采集和控制装置通过数据线(14)分别与流量计(4)、上游压力表(6)、下游压力表(15)、两台振动台(8)、应变片(9)和振动加速度传感器(10)连接；流量计(4)、上游压力表(6)、下游压力表(15)、应变片(9)和振动加速度传感器(10)测量的数据记录在数据采集和控制装置中，同时通过数据采集和控制装置控制两台振动台(8)输出不同组合形式的振动激励；在待测试阀门上安装有重心调节机构，用于模拟执行机构对阀门的作用。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：所述动力机械(2)为水泵或压缩机，用于提供流体流动的动力。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：所述待测试阀门(11)为闸阀、截止阀、止回阀、球阀、旋塞阀、蝶阀、隔膜阀、柱塞阀、安全阀、减压阀或调节阀。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：所述重心调节机构由支承架(11-3)、立柱(11-4)、配重球架(11-6)、固定环(11-7)和配重球(11-5)组成；立柱(11-4)焊接于支承架(11-3)顶面中心，支承架(11-3)底面与待测试阀门阀盖(11-2)相连；配重球架(11-6)由四根等长的金属杆沿径向焊接于金属套管外侧组成，四根金属杆呈十字交叉形状布置；配重球架(11-6)通过金属套管套于立柱(11-4)上，金属套管内径与立柱(11-4)外径相同；在金属套管上下各有一个固定环(11-7)套在立柱(11-4)上，固定环 (11-7)内径与立柱(11-4)外径相同；立柱(11-4)与固定环(11-7)之间通过螺纹相连，金属套管内侧不设螺纹，可以在立柱上自由活动；通过旋转两个固定环(11-7)，可以调节并固定配重球架(11-6)在立柱(11-4)上的高度；配重球(11-5)为若干带有通孔的金属球，配重球(11-5)孔径与配重球架(11-6)金属杆外径相同；配重球(11-5)与配重球架(11-6)金属杆之间通过螺纹相连，通过旋转配重球(11-5)可以调节配重球在配重球架(11-6)金属杆上的位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：所述配重球架(11-6)的每条金属杆上均设有一个配重球(11-5)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：所述配重球(11-5)为一系列不同质量的金属球。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置，其特征在于：所述的数据采集和控制装置为计算机(18)。
  8. 一种基于权利要求4所述的阀门耦合振动测试装置的阀门耦合振动测试方法，其特征在于，实施步骤依次为：
    1)将待测试阀门(11)以原始组装形式安装于阀门耦合振动测试装置中，利用螺钉将重心调节机构安装于阀盖(11-2)上；利用手轮(11-8)将阀门调节至目标开度；选取四个质量相同的配重球(11-5)，同时使四个配重球、支承架(11-3)、立柱(11-4)、配重球架(11-6)和固定环(11-7)的合质量与用于调节待测试阀门(11)开度的执行机构的质量相同；在三维建模软件中1:1建立重心调节机构模型，并输入各部件的材料密度，利用三维建模软件计算重心调节机构的重心；在三维建模软件中，通过改变配重球架(11-6)在立柱(11-4)上的高度参数值实现对其高度的调节，通过改变四个配重球(11-5)在配重球架(11-6)上的位置参数值实现对其位置的调节；在三维软件中，首先调节配重球架(11-6)在立柱(11-4)上的高度，直至重心调节机构重心高度与所述执行机构重心高度相同；接着在三维软件中调节四个配重球(11-5)在配重球架(11-6)上的位置，直至重心调节机构重心横向位置与所述执行机构重心横向位置相同；按照此时三维软件中配重球架(11-6)在立柱(11-4)上的高度与四个配重球(11-5)在配重球架(11-6)上的位置，调节实际的重心调节机构，从而使重心调节机构等效代替所述执行机构；
    2)打开动力机械(2)，并通过调节上游控制阀(5)和下游控制阀(16)改变流体流动回路中的流量及待测试阀门(11)上、下游的压力；
    3)待装置运行稳定，通过数据采集和控制装置记录装置中的流量，待测试阀门(11)上、下游的压力，待测试阀门(11)的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门(11)在包含流激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应；
    4)打开两台振动台(8)，利用数据采集和控制装置控制两台振动台(8)输出不同组合 形式的振动激励，模拟不同的外激振动；不同组合形式的振动激励包括两台振动台(8)输出相同形式的振动激励、两台振动台(8)输出不同形式的振动激励，以及一台振动台(8)输出振动激励，另一台振动台(8)不输出振动激励；待装置运行稳定后，通过数据采集和控制装置记录装置中的流量，待测试阀门(11)上、下游的压力，待测试阀门(11)的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门(11)在包含外激振动、流激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应；
    5)关闭动力机械(2)，保持两台振动台(8)工作，待装置运行稳定，通过数据采集和控制装置记录待测试阀门(11)的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门(11)在包含外激振动和由零部件碰撞导致的振动下的振动响应。
    6)关闭两台振动台(8)和动力机械(2)，并将待测试阀门(11)从装置中拆解下来；对待测试阀门(11)进行改装，使阀门零部件之间相互固定，无法碰撞；将改装后的阀门重新安装于测试装置上，并打开动力机械(2)；待装置运行稳定，通过数据采集和控制装置记录装置中的流量，待测试阀门(11)上、下游的压力，待测试阀门(11)的振动加速度与动应变；由此获得待测试阀门(11)在仅包含流激振动下的振动响应；
    7)然后再基于改装后的待测试阀门(11)重复步骤4)和步骤5)，由此分别获得待测试阀门(11)在包含外激振动和流激振动下的振动响应和待测试阀门(11)在仅包含外激振动时的振动响应；
    8)通过手轮(11-8)调节阀门开度，通过上游控制阀(5)和下游控制阀(16)调节装置回路中的流量及待测试阀门(11)上、下游的压力，并重复步骤2)至6)，获得阀门在不同开度、不同流量及不同的阀门上、下游压力时，阀门的振动响应。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的阀门耦合振动测试方法，其特征在于，所述的三维软件包括Solidworks，UG，CATIA，Inventor。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的阀门耦合振动测试方法，其特征在于，对待测试阀门(11)进行改装的方法包括利用螺纹连接固定阀门内部零部件和利用焊接固定阀门内部零部件。
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