WO2020233180A1 - 限流型可控避雷器、换流器、输电系统以及控制方法 - Google Patents

限流型可控避雷器、换流器、输电系统以及控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020233180A1
WO2020233180A1 PCT/CN2020/076028 CN2020076028W WO2020233180A1 WO 2020233180 A1 WO2020233180 A1 WO 2020233180A1 CN 2020076028 W CN2020076028 W CN 2020076028W WO 2020233180 A1 WO2020233180 A1 WO 2020233180A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
current
arrester
limiting
bypass switch
bypass
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/076028
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢晔源
王宇
姜田贵
卢宇
李海英
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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NR Electric Co Ltd
NR Engineering Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by NR Electric Co Ltd, NR Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical NR Electric Co Ltd
Publication of WO2020233180A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020233180A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
    • G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
    • G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for DC systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of power electronics applications, in particular to current-limiting controllable lightning arresters, inverters, power transmission systems and control methods.
  • the flexible DC transmission system adopts modular multi-level converters, which has many advantages such as low requirements for the consistent triggering of dynamic voltage equalization, good scalability, high output voltage waveform quality, low switching frequency, and low operating loss. But its shortcomings are also very obvious. Once a line short-circuit fault occurs, it will quickly affect the DC transmission network and the AC network, and the fault cannot be removed by stopping the converter. Especially for a single-pole DC transmission system, after a single-phase grounding fault occurs, there is no flow path for the fault current, and it is difficult to determine the location of the fault point based on the fault current.
  • Patent 201310370589.X proposes a multi-terminal flexible DC transmission system and a fault control method. It proposes the use of a nonlinear resistance method to limit the voltage to the ground of the non-grounding electrode when a single-phase ground fault occurs. This is only for protection Means, and the operating voltage of the non-linear resistor is fixed, and the accuracy is not high. If the value is too small, it may cause malfunctions, and frequent malfunctions will affect the life of the equipment; if the operating voltage is too large, such as 1.8 times the rated value, after the non-linear resistance operates, the voltage is still too high, and the equipment insulation will also suffer At this time, the fault current is still not obvious, and there are many problems in actual engineering applications.
  • the patent 201710862244.4 is an overvoltage protection circuit and method for a DC circuit breaker.
  • the patent uses a controllable arrester, which is arranged near the DC switch to limit the overvoltage caused by the breaking of the DC switch.
  • the converter can withstand long-term overcurrent during the DC switch breaking process, which is likely to cause equipment damage.
  • the bypass switch is directly closed, which will generate an instantaneous overvoltage at both ends of the fixed part of the controllable arrester, thereby generating a relatively large inrush current.
  • the design capacity of the arrester is increased, and the cost is greatly increased.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a current-limiting controllable arrester, which includes a first arrester and a variable arrester connected in series, the variable arrester includes a second arrester and a bypass branch connected in parallel, the bypass The branch includes a first bypass switch.
  • the bypass branch further includes a first current limiting unit connected in series with the first bypass switch, and the first current limiting unit includes a second bypass switch and a current limiting device connected in parallel ,
  • the current limiting device includes a resistor, an inductor or a combination of resistor and inductor.
  • the bypass branch further includes a second current limiting unit connected in series with the first bypass switch, and the second current limiting unit includes an energy storage element, a bridge
  • the DC side of the bridge circuit is connected to the energy storage element, and the bridge circuit implements AC/DC conversion; the primary side of the isolation transformer is led out as the connection port of the second current limiting unit ,
  • the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected to the AC side of the bridge circuit.
  • the first bypass switch and the second bypass switch include solid-state switches or fast mechanical switches composed of power semiconductor devices.
  • the operating voltage of the first arrester is greater than the DC side output rated voltage to ground.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a converter.
  • the converter includes an AC-DC converter and two current-limiting controllable arresters as described above.
  • the AC-DC converter converts AC to DC, and the lead-out They are respectively defined as DC side output positive and DC output negative; one end of the two current-limiting controllable arresters is respectively connected to the DC side output positive and DC output negative, and the other end is grounded.
  • the converter further includes a controller and two voltage transformers, which respectively detect the ground voltage of the DC side output positive and the DC output negative, and the obtained voltage signals are sent to the controller.
  • the AC-DC converter includes three-phase six-bridge arms, and each bridge arm includes at least one sub-module containing power semiconductor devices connected in series.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a power transmission system, wherein the power transmission system includes the inverter as described above, wherein the number of the inverter is N, N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N The inverter is connected by a DC transmission line.
  • 2M DC switches are configured on the DC transmission line, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the DC switch is configured with a current detection unit to detect the magnitude and direction of the current flowing.
  • the DC switch is equipped with a communication unit to exchange data with each other and establish communication with the controller of the inverter.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for controlling a current-limiting controllable lightning arrester.
  • the current-limiting controllable arrester includes a first arrester and a variable arrester connected in series, and the variable arrester includes a second arrester connected in parallel.
  • a bypass branch the bypass branch includes a first bypass switch, wherein the control method includes: closing the first bypass switch when receiving an action instruction; The first bypass switch.
  • the bypass branch further includes a first current limiting unit connected in series with the first bypass switch, and the first current limiting unit includes a second current limiting unit connected in parallel.
  • a bypass switch and a current-limiting device the current-limiting device includes a resistor, an inductor, or a combination of a resistor and an inductor, wherein the control method further includes: when the first bypass switch is closed, maintaining the second bypass The switch is in the closed state; when receiving the current limit instruction, the second bypass switch is separated and the current limiting device is turned on; when the current limit return instruction is received, the second bypass switch is closed, and the limit The flow device exits.
  • the bypass branch further includes a second current limiting unit connected in series with the first bypass switch, and the second current limiting unit includes an energy storage element, a bridge
  • the DC side of the bridge circuit is connected to the energy storage element, the bridge circuit implements AC/DC conversion, and the primary side of the isolation transformer is led out as the connection port of the second current limiting unit ,
  • the secondary side of the isolation transformer is connected to the AC side of the bridge circuit, wherein the control method further includes: upon receiving a current limit instruction, the bridge circuit is unlocked and enters the inverter mode, and the reverse voltage is output , Limit the current flowing through the first arrester; when receiving a current limit return instruction, the bridge circuit is switched to the bypass mode; when the first bypass switch is separated, the bridge circuit is blocked.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a method for controlling a power transmission system.
  • the power transmission system includes the inverters as described above.
  • the number of the inverters is N, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and N number of converters
  • the current converter is connected by a DC transmission line, and 2M DC switches are configured on the DC transmission line, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the bypass branch includes the The first current-limiting unit or the second current-limiting unit, wherein, when a single-phase ground fault occurs at the positive or negative pole of the DC transmission line of the power transmission system, the method includes: a voltage transformer of a non-grounded pole detects a voltage increase , Judge the occurrence of a ground fault; the current-limiting controllable arrester connected to the non-grounded pole in the converter acts to increase the voltage at both ends of the first arrester and limit the overvoltage of the non-grounded pole; according to the magnitude and direction of the fault current Judge the fault point and issue a trip command to two adjacent DC switches; issue a current-limiting command to the current-limiting controllable arrester connected to the non-grounding pole in the converter, so that the first current-limiting unit or the second current-limiting unit is activated , Limit the current flowing through the first arrester; disconnect the adjacent DC switch at the fault point; after the non-grounded voltage transformer detects that the voltage returns to normal
  • the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the application adopts a current-limiting controllable arrester.
  • the second arrester that is, the variable part of the arrester
  • the overcurrent caused by the sudden change of the terminal voltage can reduce the switching impact and increase the service life of the arrester.
  • the current-limiting unit can be actively switched on again.
  • the input of the current-limiting unit will reduce the current-bearing current of the first arrester (that is, the fixed part of the arrester) of the current-limiting controllable arrester, which is beneficial to reduce the arrester’s Capacity selection and cost reduction.
  • the fault current is actually converted into a controllable overcurrent current, so that the overcurrent current can ensure the safety of the equipment on the premise of satisfying the protection selectivity.
  • the current limiting unit is selectively used for current conditions, and the control is flexible.
  • Fig. 1 is a first embodiment of a current-limiting controllable lightning arrester provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 2 is a second embodiment of a current-limiting controllable lightning arrester provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 3 is a third embodiment of a current-limiting controllable arrester provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a converter including a current-limiting controllable arrester provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an AC-DC converter in a converter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a power transmission system containing a current-limiting controllable arrester converter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of a power transmission system containing a current-limiting controllable arrester converter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • Fig. 8 is a fault current circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a power transmission system including a current-limiting controllable arrester converter provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • the purpose of this application is to provide a current-limiting controllable arrester, a converter, a power transmission system, and a control method.
  • the active control of the fault current is realized, and on the one hand, the differential protection can accurately detect the fault.
  • the location can quickly remove the fault; on the other hand, the short-circuit fault current is converted into an overcurrent current after the current limit, so as to achieve reliable protection of the equipment.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a current-limiting controllable lightning arrester 1.
  • the current-limiting controllable arrester includes a first arrester 3 and a variable arrester connected in series, and the variable arrester includes a second arrester 4 connected in parallel and a bypass branch.
  • the bypass branch 2 includes any one of three combinations.
  • the bypass branch 2 includes a first bypass switch 5.
  • the bypass branch 2 includes a first bypass switch 5 and a first current limiting unit connected in series, and the first current limiting unit includes a second bypass switch 6 and a current limiting device connected in parallel to each other 7.
  • the current limiting device 7 includes a resistance, an inductance, or a combination of resistance and inductance.
  • the bypass branch 2 includes a first bypass switch 5 and a second current limiting unit connected in series, and the second current limiting unit includes an isolation transformer 8, a bridge circuit 9 and an energy storage element 10.
  • the primary side of the isolation transformer 8 is led out as the connection port of the second current limiting unit, the secondary side of the isolation transformer 8 is connected to the AC side of the bridge circuit 9, and the DC side of the bridge circuit 9 is connected to the energy storage element 10.
  • the bridge circuit realizes AC-DC conversion.
  • the first bypass switch 5 and the second bypass switch 6 include solid-state switches or fast mechanical switches composed of power semiconductor devices.
  • the first bypass switch 5 is a fast mechanical switch.
  • the operating voltage of the first arrester 3 is greater than the rated voltage of the DC side output to the ground. That is, when the current-limiting controllable arrester is not operating, the total operating voltage threshold is greater than the rated value of DC-to-ground voltage to avoid malfunction.
  • the technical solution provided in this embodiment uses a current-limiting controllable arrester.
  • the second arrester that is, the variable part of the arrester
  • the second arrester can be used to limit the switching process through the current-limiting unit during switching. Due to the overcurrent generated by the sudden change of the terminal voltage, the switching impact is reduced and the service life of the arrester can be increased.
  • the current-limiting unit can be actively switched on again.
  • the input of the current-limiting unit will reduce the current-bearing current of the first arrester (that is, the fixed part of the arrester) of the current-limiting controllable arrester, which is beneficial to reduce the arrester’s Capacity selection and cost reduction.
  • the fault current is actually converted into a controllable overcurrent current, so that the overcurrent current can ensure the safety of the equipment on the premise of satisfying the protection selectivity.
  • the current limiting unit is selectively used for current conditions, and the control is flexible.
  • an embodiment of the present application also provides a converter, including an AC-DC converter 20 and two current-limiting controllable arresters 1 as described above.
  • the AC-DC converter 20 converts AC to DC, and the leading ends are respectively defined as the DC side output positive and the DC output negative.
  • One end of the two current-limiting controllable arresters 1 is respectively connected to the DC side output positive pole and the DC output negative pole, and the other end is grounded.
  • the converter also includes a controller and two voltage transformers PT.
  • the two voltage transformers respectively detect the ground voltage of the DC side output positive and DC output negative, and the obtained voltage signals are sent to the controller.
  • the AC-DC converter includes three-phase six-legs, and each bridge-arm includes at least one sub-module containing power semiconductor devices connected in series.
  • each sub-module is a half-bridge sub-module composed of two power semiconductor devices and a DC capacitor.
  • the inverter designed with a current-limiting controllable arrester provided in this embodiment adopts the controllable arrester to be configured on the positive and negative poles of the DC output of the converter.
  • the current-limiting controllable arrester is composed of two parts, and no failure occurs in the system.
  • the bypass switch is controlled to separate, the two arresters are put into the circuit, and the operating voltage of the current-limiting controllable arrester is the sum of the voltages of the two arresters to ensure that it will not malfunction.
  • it can effectively limit the lightning Voltage: When a single-pole ground fault occurs, the voltage transformer detects that the non-grounded pole's ground voltage rises to twice the original value.
  • controlling the action of the current-limiting controllable arrester is equivalent to reducing the current-limiting type
  • the ground voltage of the controllable arrester ensures that the voltage to the ground of the converter is limited to a safe range.
  • the current-limiting controllable arrester operates, it is equivalent to providing a grounding resistance of small resistance.
  • a fault current circulation loop is constructed between the ground electrodes, and the direction and amplitude of the fault current can be detected, which provides a basis for fault location.
  • the current-limiting controllable arrester can be integrated with the converter. On the one hand, it provides nearby protection for the most valuable converter in the converter station. On the other hand, it simplifies the converter station system design and reduces the total cost. Land area.
  • An embodiment of the present application also provides a power transmission system, including the above-mentioned converters, the number of converters is N, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the N converters are connected by a DC transmission line.
  • 2M DC switches are configured on the DC transmission line, and M is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the DC switch is equipped with a current detection unit, which can detect the magnitude and direction of the current flowing.
  • the DC switch is equipped with a communication unit, which can exchange data with each other and establish communication with the controller of the inverter.
  • Two converters (Converter 1 and Converter 2) are connected by a DC transmission line, and both ends of the DC transmission line are installed. There is a DC switch.
  • Inverter 1 and inverter 2 are connected through a DC transmission line, and inverter 1 and inverter 2 also pass through DC transmission line connection, DC switches are installed at both ends of the DC transmission line.
  • the power transmission system provided in this embodiment includes a current-limiting controllable arrester and a DC switch.
  • the controllable arrester operates to provide fault current.
  • the DC transmission line where the fault occurs can be located and determined After the faulted line, the fault current can be disconnected by the DC switch and the fault can be removed.
  • other converters can also operate continuously, reducing the range of system power failure and greatly improving the reliability of the system Sex.
  • the embodiment of the present application also includes a control method of a current-limiting controllable arrester.
  • the first bypass switch 5 When an action command is received, the first bypass switch 5 is closed.
  • the first bypass switch 5 is opened.
  • the second bypass switch 6 When an action instruction is received, the second bypass switch 6 remains in a closed state, and the first bypass switch 5 is closed.
  • the second bypass switch 6 When the current limiting instruction is received, the second bypass switch 6 is separated, and the current limiting device 7 is turned on.
  • the second bypass switch 6 When receiving the current-limiting return instruction, the second bypass switch 6 is closed, and the current-limiting device 7 is withdrawn.
  • the first bypass switch 5 is opened.
  • the first bypass switch 5 When an action command is received, the first bypass switch 5 is closed.
  • the bridge circuit 9 When receiving the current limiting command, the bridge circuit 9 is unlocked and enters the inverter mode, outputs a reverse voltage, and limits the current flowing through the first arrester 3.
  • the bridge circuit 9 switches to the bypass mode.
  • the embodiment of the present application also provides a control method of the power transmission system as described above.
  • a voltage transformer with a non-grounded electrode detects a voltage increase and determines that a ground fault occurs.
  • the control process is as follows.
  • the current-limiting controllable lightning arrester 1 connected to the non-grounded electrode in the converter acts to increase the voltage at both ends of the first lightning arrester 3 to limit the overvoltage of the non-grounded electrode.
  • the fault point is judged according to the magnitude and direction of the fault current obtained in the current detection unit, and a trip command is issued to two adjacent DC switches.
  • a current-limiting controllable lightning arrester connected to the non-grounded pole in the inverter is issued a current-limiting command, so that the first current-limiting unit or the second current-limiting unit is turned on to limit the current flowing through the first lightning arrester 3.
  • the current-limiting controllable arrester After the non-grounded voltage transformer detects that the voltage returns to normal or the fault current is cleared, the current-limiting controllable arrester returns and the system resumes normal operation.
  • converter 1 and converter 2 are connected by a DC transmission line
  • converter 1 and converter 3 are also connected by a DC transmission line. It is connected together to supply power to the DC load.
  • the rated voltage of the positive pole of the DC side to ground is +200kV
  • the rated voltage of the negative pole of the DC side to ground is -200kV.
  • the operating voltage of the first arrester 3 of the current-limiting controllable arrester The threshold value is designed to be 240kV
  • the threshold value of the second arrester's operating voltage is designed to be 160kV.
  • the total operating voltage threshold of the first arrester 3 and the second arrester is 400kV, which is much larger than the rated value of 200kV to avoid malfunction.
  • the negative-to-ground voltage of all inverters doubles and rises to 400kV.
  • the negative PT detects the voltage rise and sends it up
  • the control system issues action instructions to the current-limiting controllable arresters of each station.
  • the bypass branch of the current-limiting controllable arrester is shown in Figure 2.
  • the first current-limiting unit is composed of an IGBT with an anti-parallel diode and a resistor in parallel.
  • the first bypass switch 5 is closed. Since the voltage on both ends of the first arrester rises to 400kV, the first arrester 3 starts to absorb energy, and the current flowing through rises. The current value depends on the terminal voltage of the arrester. In this embodiment, at 400kV When, the current can reach 10kA. It is equivalent to the equivalent resistance of the arrester at this time is about 40 ⁇ .
  • the fault currents are respectively I1, I2, I3, as shown in Figure 7, the circuit breaker D1 can detect the fault current from converter 1 and converter 3.
  • the direction is the direction out of inverter 1
  • D2 can detect the fault current from inverter 2
  • the direction is the direction out of inverter 2
  • D3 and D4 can detect the fault current from inverter 3, and the direction is The direction of flow into converter 1; according to the direction of current, it can be judged that the fault point should be between converter 1 and converter 2.
  • the fault point can be removed by separating the circuit breakers D1 and D2, and the commutation Normal operation can still be maintained between inverter 1 and inverter 3.
  • the first bypass switch 5 is separated, and the current-limiting controllable arrester restores the mode in which the first arrester 5 and the second arrester 6 are connected in series.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供限流型可控避雷器、换流器、输电系统以及控制方法。所述限流型可控避雷器包括串联连接的第一避雷器与可变避雷器；所述可变避雷器包括并联连接的第二避雷器与旁路支路；所述旁路支路包括第一旁路开关。

Description

限流型可控避雷器、换流器、输电系统以及控制方法 技术领域
本申请涉及电力电子应用领域，具体涉及限流型可控避雷器、换流器、输电系统以及控制方法。
背景技术
柔性直流输电系统采用模块化多电平换流器，具有对器件一致触发动态均压要求低、扩展性好、输出电压波形品质高、开关频率低、运行损耗低等诸多优点。但其缺点也十分明显，一旦发生线路短路故障，将很快影响到直流输电网络和交流网络，通过换流器停机的方式也无法切除故障。尤其对于单极直流输电系统，发生单相接地故障后，故障电流并不存在流通路径，难以根据故障电流判定故障点的位置。对于多端柔性直流输电系统，一旦发生单极接地故障，系统中所有换流器的非故障极的对地电压变为原来的2倍，对系统中设备的绝缘造成不利影响。如不及时切除故障，可能导致设备绝缘击穿，由于无法判定故障点的位置，无法快速准确的切除故障，所有换流站只能停止运行，但停止运行后，也只能通过人工方式寻找故障点，重启系统需要很长时间。
专利201310370589.X提出一种多端柔性直流输电系统及故障控制方法，提出采用非线性电阻方式，在发生单相接地故障时，限制非接地极的对地电压.这仅仅是出于一种保护的手段，且非线性电阻的动作电压是固定不变的，而且精度不高。如果取值过小，可能导致误动作，频繁误动作会影响设备寿命；动作电压取值过大，如取额定值的1.8倍，非线性电阻动作后，电压仍然过高，设备绝缘同样会受到影响，且此时故障电流仍然不明显，在实际的工程应用中存在诸多问题。
专利201710862244.4一种直流断路器的过电压保护电路及方法，该专 利使用了可控避雷器，将可控避雷器布置在直流开关的附近，是用来限制直流开关分断造成的过电压。但由于没有为可控避雷器配置限流单元，在直流开关分断过程中，换流器耐受长时间过电流，容易造成设备损坏。且该专利中可控避雷器在投入时，旁路开关直接闭合，会在可控避雷器固定部分的两端产生瞬时过电压，从而产生较大的冲击电流，一方面该冲击电流影响设备寿命，另一方面增加了避雷器的设计容量，成本大幅增加。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种限流型可控避雷器，其中，包括串联连接的第一避雷器与可变避雷器，所述可变避雷器包括并联连接的第二避雷器与旁路支路，所述旁路支路包括第一旁路开关。
根据一些实施例，所述旁路支路还包括第一限流单元，与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第一限流单元包括并联连接的第二旁路开关与限流器件，所述限流器件包括电阻、电感或电阻与电感的组合。
根据一些实施例，所述旁路支路还包括第二限流单元，所述第二限流单元与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第二限流单元包括储能元件、桥式电路和隔离变压器，所述桥式电路的直流侧连接所述储能元件，所述桥式电路实现交直流变换；所述隔离变压器的原边引出作为所述第二限流单元的连接端口，所述隔离变压器的副边与所述桥式电路的交流侧连接。
根据一些实施例，所述第一旁路开关、所述第二旁路开关包括由功率半导体器件构成的固态开关或快速机械开关。
根据一些实施例，所述第一避雷器的动作电压大于直流侧输出额定对地电压。
本申请实施例还提供一种换流器，所述换流器包括交直流变换器和两个如上所述的限流型可控避雷器，所述交直流变换器将交流变换为直流，引出端分别定义为直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极；两个所述限流型可控避雷器的一端分别连接直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极，另一端接地。
根据一些实施例，所述换流器还包括控制器和两个电压互感器，分别检测直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极的对地电压，获得的电压信号上送给控制器。
根据一些实施例，所述交直流变换器包括三相六桥臂，每个桥臂包括串联连接的至少一个含有功率半导体器件的子模块。
本申请实施例还提供一种输电系统，其中，所述输电系统包括如上所述的换流器，其中，所述换流器的数量为N，N为大于等于1的整数，N个所述换流器通过直流传输线连接。
根据一些实施例，所述直流传输线上配置有2M个直流开关，M为大于等于1的整数。
根据一些实施例，所述直流开关配置电流检测单元，检测流过电流的大小和方向。
根据一些实施例，所述直流开关配置通讯单元，彼此之间交互数据，并与所述换流器的控制器之间建立通讯。
本申请实施例还提供一种限流型可控避雷器的控制方法，所述限流型可控避雷器包括串联连接的第一避雷器和可变避雷器，所述可变避雷器包括并联连接的第二避雷器和旁路支路，所述旁路支路包括第一旁路开关，其中，所述控制方法包括：收到动作指令时，闭合所述第一旁路开关；收到动作返回指令时，分开所述第一旁路开关。
根据一些实施例，所述旁路支路还包括第一限流单元，所述第一限流单元与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第一限流单元包括并联连接的第二旁路开关与限流器件，所述限流器件包括电阻、电感或电阻与电感的组合，其中，所述控制方法还包括：闭合所述第一旁路开关时，保持所述第二旁路开关处于闭合状态；收到限流指令时，分开所述第二旁路开关，将所述限流器件投入；收到限流返回指令时，闭合所述第二旁路开关，将所述限流器件退出。
根据一些实施例，所述旁路支路还包括第二限流单元，所述第二限流单元与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第二限流单元包括储能元件、桥 式电路和隔离变压器，所述桥式电路的直流侧连接所述储能元件，所述桥式电路实现交直流变换，所述隔离变压器的原边引出作为所述第二限流单元的连接端口，所述隔离变压器的副边与所述桥式电路的交流侧连接，其中，所述控制方法还包括：收到限流指令时，所述桥式电路解锁进入逆变模式，输出反向电压，限制流过所述第一避雷器的电流；收到限流返回指令时，所述桥式电路切换到旁路模式；分开所述第一旁路开关时，桥式电路闭锁。
本申请实施例还提供一种输电系统的控制方法，所述输电系统包括如上所述的换流器，所述换流器的数量为N，N为大于等于1的整数，N个所述换流器通过直流传输线连接，所述直流传输线上配置有2M个直流开关，M为大于等于1的整数，所述换流器的限流型可控避雷器中，所述旁路支路包括所述第一限流单元或所述第二限流单元，其中，当输电系统的直流传输线的正极或负极发生单相接地故障时，所述方法包括：非接地极的电压互感器检测到电压升高，判断接地故障发生；换流器中与非接地极连接的限流型可控避雷器动作，使其第一避雷器两端电压升高，限制非接地极的过电压；根据故障电流的大小和方向判断故障点，向相邻两个直流开关发出跳闸命令；向换流器中与非接地极连接的限流型可控避雷器发出限流指令，使第一限流单元或第二限流单元投入，限制流过第一避雷器的电流；分断故障点相邻的直流开关；非接地极的电压互感器检测到电压恢复正常或故障电流清除后，限流型可控避雷器动作返回，系统恢复正常运行。
本申请实施例提供的技术方案，采用限流型可控避雷器，与常规可控避雷器相比，第二避雷器(即避雷器的可变部分)在投切时，可通过限流单元限制投切过程中由于端电压突变产生的过电流，减少切换冲击，可以增加避雷器的使用寿命。同时，当需要限制电流时，可再次将限流单元主动投入，限流单元的投入，使限流型可控避雷器第一避雷器(即避雷器的固定部分)承受电流减小，有利于降低避雷器的容量选型，降低成本。同时，通过对限流单元的投退控制，实际上就是将故障电流转化为可控的过流电流，使该过流电流在满足保护选择性的前提下，确保了设备的安全，可以根据实际电流情况选择性的投入限流单元，控制灵活。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本申请实施例提供的一种限流型可控避雷器的第一实施例。
图2是本申请实施例提供的一种限流型可控避雷器的第二实施例。
图3是本申请实施例提供的一种限流型可控避雷器的第三实施例。
图4是本申请实施例提供的包含限流型可控避雷器的换流器的结构示意图。
图5是本申请实施例提供的换流器中的交直流变换器的结构示意图。
图6是本申请实施例提供的含有限流型可控避雷器换流器的输电系统实施例一的结构示意图。
图7是本申请实施例提供的含有限流型可控避雷器换流器的输电系统实施例二的结构示意图。
图8是本申请实施例提供的含有限流型可控避雷器换流器的输电系统实施例二的故障电流回路图。
其中，1、限流型可控避雷器；2、旁路支路；3、第一避雷器；4、第二避雷器；5、第一旁路开关；6、第二旁路开关；7、限流器件；8、隔离变压器；9、桥式电路；10、储能元件；20、交直流变换器；D1～D4,直流开关。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
应当理解，本申请的权利要求、说明书及附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、……”第N”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。本申请的说明书和权利要求书中使用的术语“包括”和“包含”指示所描述特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素和/或组件的存在，但并不排除一个或多个其它特征、整体、步骤、操作、元素、组件和/或其集合的存在或添加。
本申请的目的是提供限流型可控避雷器、换流器、输电系统以及控制方法，通过限流型可控避雷器的动作，实现故障电流的主动控制，一方面使差动保护准确检测出故障位置，能够迅速切除故障；另一方面把短路故障电流转换为经过限流后的过流电流，实现对设备可靠保护。
下面结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
本申请实施例提供一种限流型可控避雷器1，限流型可控避雷器包括串联连接的第一避雷器3与可变避雷器,可变避雷器包括并联连接的第二避雷器4与旁路支路2。旁路支路2包括三种组合方式的任意一种。
a)如图1所示，旁路支路2包括第一旁路开关5。
b)如图2所示，旁路支路2包括串联连接的第一旁路开关5与第一限流单元，第一限流单元包括相互并联连接的第二旁路开关6与限流器件7。限流器件7包括电阻、电感或电阻与电感的组合。
c)如图3所示，旁路支路2包括串联连接的第一旁路开关5与第二限流单元，第二限流单元包括隔离变压器8、桥式电路9以及储能元件10。隔离变压器8的原边引出作为第二限流单元的连接端口，隔离变压器8的 副边与桥式电路9的交流侧连接，桥式电路9的直流侧连接储能元件10。桥式电路实现交直流变换。
其中，第一旁路开关5、第二旁路开关6包括由功率半导体器件构成的固态开关或快速机械开关。在本实施例中第一旁路开关5为快速机械开关。
其中，第一避雷器3的动作电压大于直流侧输出额定对地电压。即限流型可控避雷器在未动作时，总的动作电压门槛值大于直流对地电压额定值，避免出现误动的情况。
本实施例提供的技术方案，采用限流型可控避雷器，与常规可控避雷器相比，第二避雷器(即避雷器的可变部分)在投切时，可通过限流单元限制投切过程中由于端电压突变产生的过电流，减少切换冲击，可以增加避雷器的使用寿命。同时，当需要限制电流时，可再次将限流单元主动投入，限流单元的投入，使限流型可控避雷器第一避雷器(即避雷器的固定部分)承受电流减小，有利于降低避雷器的容量选型，降低成本。同时，通过对限流单元的投退控制，实际上就是将故障电流转化为可控的过流电流，使该过流电流在满足保护选择性的前提下，确保了设备的安全，可以根据实际电流情况选择性的投入限流单元，控制灵活。
如图4所示，本申请实施例还提供一种换流器，包括交直流变换器20和两个如上所述的限流型可控避雷器1。交直流变换器20将交流变换为直流，引出端分别定义为直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极。两个限流型可控避雷器1的一端分别连接直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极，另一端接地。
其中，换流器还包含控制器以及两个电压互感器PT，两个电压互感器分别检测直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极的对地电压，获得的电压信号上送给控制器。
如图5所示，交直流变换器包含三相六桥臂，每个桥臂包括串联连接的至少一个含有功率半导体器件的子模块。在本实施例中，每个子模块为由两个功率半导体器件以及直流电容构成的半桥子模块。
本实施例提供的设计带有限流型可控避雷器的换流器，采用可控避雷 器配置在换流器的直流输出正极和负极，限流型可控避雷器由两部分构成，在系统未发生故障时，通过控制旁路开关分开，两个避雷器均投入回路，限流型可控避雷器的动作电压为两个避雷器的电压之和，确保不会误动，同时在雷击时，确保有效限制雷电过电压；当发生单极接地故障时，利用电压互感器检测到非接地极的对地电压上升到原来的2倍，此时，控制限流型可控避雷器动作，相当于减小了限流型可控避雷器的对地电压，确保将换流器对地电压限制在安全范围，同时，在限流型可控避雷器动作后，相当于提供了一个小阻值的接地电阻，在接地极和非接地极之间构建了故障电流的流通回路，可检测该故障电流的方向和幅值，为故障的定位提供了依据。
限流型可控避雷器可以与换流器一体化设计，一方面提供了对换流站中价值最高的换流器的就近保护，另一方面简化了换流站系统设计，减小了总占地面积。
本申请实施例还提供一种输电系统，包括如上所述的换流器，换流器的数量为N，N为大于等于1的整数；N个换流器通过直流传输线连接。
其中，直流传输线上配置有2M个直流开关，M为大于等于1的整数。
其中，直流开关配置电流检测单元，可检测流过电流的大小和方向。直流开关配置通讯单元，彼此之间可交互数据，并与换流器的控制器之间建立通讯。
如图6所示，为本申请实施例的输电系统当N＝2时的一种实施例，两个换流器(换流1与换流器2)通过直流传输线连接，直流传输线两端装有直流开关。
如图7所示，为本申请实施例的输电系统当N＝3时的一种实施例，换流器1与换流器2通过直流传输线连接，换流器1与换流器2也通过直流传输线连接，直流传输线两端装有直流开关。
本实施例提供的输电系统，该系统包含限流型可控避雷器，还包含直流开关，通过可控避雷器动作，提供故障电流，根据电流差动保护的原理， 可定位故障发生的直流传输线，确定故障线路后可通过直流开关分断故障电流，将故障切除，在多端柔性直流输电系统中，切除故障后，其他换流器还可以连续运行，减小了系统停电范围，极大的提高了系统可靠性。
本申请实施例还包括限流型可控避雷器的控制方法。
(1)当旁路支路的组合方式如图1所示时，所述方法包括如下步骤。
当收到动作指令时，闭合第一旁路开关5。
当收到动作返回指令时，分开第一旁路开关5。
(2)当旁路支路的组合方式如图2所示时，所述方法包括如下步骤。
当收到动作指令时，第二旁路开关6保持处于闭合状态，闭合第一旁路开关5。
当收到限流指令时，分开第二旁路开关6，将限流器件7投入。
当收到限流返回指令时，闭合第二旁路开关6，将限流器件7退出。
当收到动作返回指令时，分开第一旁路开关5。
(3)当旁路支路的组合方式如图3所示时，所述方法包括如下步骤。
当收到动作指令时，闭合第一旁路开关5。
收到限流指令时，桥式电路9解锁进入逆变模式，输出反向电压，限制流过第一避雷器3的电流。
当收到限流返回指令时，桥式电路9切换到旁路模式。
当收到动作返回指令时，分开第一旁路开关5，桥式电路9闭锁。
本申请实施例还提供一种如上述所述输电系统的控制方法，非接地极的电压互感器检测到电压升高，判断接地故障发生，控制流程如下。
换流器中与非接地极连接的限流型可控避雷器1动作，使其第一避雷 器3两端电压升高，限制非接地极的过电压。
根据电流检测单元中获得的故障电流的大小和方向判断故障点，向相邻两个直流开关发出跳闸命令。
向换流器中与非接地极连接的限流型可控避雷器发出限流指令，使第一限流单元或第二限流单元投入，限制流过第一避雷器3的电流。
分断故障点相邻的直流开关。
非接地极的电压互感器检测到电压恢复正常或故障电流清除后，限流型可控避雷器动作返回，系统恢复正常运行。
在本实施例中，如图8所示，为本发明输电系统当N＝3时，换流器1与换流器2通过直流传输线连接，换流器1与换流器3也通过直流传输线连接，共同为直流负荷供电，直流侧正极对地额定电压为+200kV，直流侧负极对地额定电压为-200kV，在本实施例中，限流型可控避雷器的第一避雷器3的动作电压门槛值设计为240kV，第二避雷器的动作电压门槛值设计为160kV，在系统正常运行时，第一避雷器3与第二避雷器的总动作电压门槛为400kV，远大于额定值200kV，避免误动，当换流器1与换流器2之间的正极传输线发生单相接地故障时，所有换流器的负极对地电压翻倍，上升到400kV，此时，负极PT检测到电压上升后上送控制系统，控制系统向各个站的限流型可控避雷器发出动作指令。
在本实施例中限流型可控避雷器的旁路支路为图2所示，第一限流单元由带有反并联二极管的IGBT与电阻并联构成，当收到动作指令后：
第一旁路开关5闭合，由于第一避雷器两端承受电压上升为400kV,第一避雷器3开始吸收能量，流过电流上升，电流值取决于避雷器的端电压，在本实施例中，在400kV时，电流可达到10kA。相当于此时避雷器的等效电阻约为40Ω。
将限流电阻投入，相当于等效电阻为80Ω，将电流限制到5kA。
即相当于产生了一个5kA的故障电流到故障点，故障电流分别为I1,I2,I3,如图7所示，断路器D1可检测到来自换流器1和换流器3的故 障电流，方向为流出换流器1的方向，D2可检测到来自换流器2的故障电流，方向为流出换流器2的方向；D3和D4可检测到来自换流器3的故障电流，方向为流入换流器1的方向；根据电流方向，可判断出故障点应在换流器1与换流器2之间，根据故障定位，可通过分开断路器D1和D2将故障点切除，换流器1与换流器3之间仍然可以维持正常运行。
在故障点切除后，收到返回指令时，分开第一旁路开关5，限流型可控避雷器恢复第一避雷器5与第二避雷器6相互串联的模式。
从本实施例中可以看出，当直流输电系统中发生单相接地故障时，现有技术方案难以准确定位故障，换流器1,2,3全部停机，此时直流负荷停电。采用本发明专利方案，可以定位故障，将故障切除，此时直流负荷不会停电，可大大缩小停电范围。
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明仅用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想。同时，本领域技术人员依据本申请的思想，基于本申请的具体实施方式及应用范围上做出的改变或变形之处，都属于本申请保护的范围。综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种限流型可控避雷器，其中，包括：
    第一避雷器；
    可变避雷器，与所述第一避雷器串联连接,所述可变避雷器包括：
    第二避雷器；
    旁路支路，与所述第二避雷器并联连接；所述旁路支路包括第一旁路开关。
  2. 如权利要求1所述一种限流型可控避雷器，其中，所述旁路支路还包括：
    第一限流单元，与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第一限流单元包括并联连接的第二旁路开关与限流器件，所述限流器件包括电阻、电感或电阻与电感的组合。
  3. 如权利要求1所述一种限流型可控避雷器，其中，所述旁路支路还包括：
    第二限流单元，与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第二限流单元包括：
    储能元件；
    桥式电路，所述桥式电路的直流侧连接所述储能元件，所述桥式电路实现交直流变换
    隔离变压器，所述隔离变压器的原边引出作为所述第二限流单元的连接端口，所述隔离变压器的副边与所述桥式电路的交流侧连接。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述一种限流型可控避雷器，其中，所述第一旁 路开关、所述第二旁路开关包括由功率半导体器件构成的固态开关或快速机械开关。
  5. 如权利要求1所述一种限流型可控避雷器，其中，所述第一避雷器的动作电压大于直流侧输出额定对地电压。
  6. 一种换流器，其中，包括：
    交直流变换器，将交流变换为直流，引出端分别定义为直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极；
    两个如权利要求1至5任意一项所述的限流型可控避雷器，两个所述限流型可控避雷器的一端分别连接直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极，另一端接地。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的换流器，其中，还包括：
    控制器；
    两个电压互感器，分别检测直流侧输出正极、直流输出负极的对地电压，获得的电压信号上送给控制器。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的换流器，其中：所述交直流变换器包括三相六桥臂，每个桥臂包括串联连接的至少一个含有功率半导体器件的子模块。
  9. 一种输电系统，包括：
    如权利要求6至8任意一项所述的换流器，其中，所述换流器的数量为N，N为大于等于1的整数，N个所述换流器通过直流传输线连接。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的输电系统，其中，所述直流传输线上配置有2M个直流开关，M为大于等于1的整数。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的输电系统，其中，所述直流开关配置电流检测单元，检测流过电流的大小和方向。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的输电系统，其中，所述直流开关配置通讯单元，彼此之间交互数据，并与所述换流器的控制器之间建立通讯。
  13. 一种限流型可控避雷器的控制方法，所述限流型可控避雷器包括串联连接的第一避雷器和可变避雷器，所述可变避雷器包括并联连接的第二避雷器和旁路支路，所述旁路支路包括第一旁路开关，其中，所述控制方法包括：
    收到动作指令时，闭合所述第一旁路开关；
    收到动作返回指令时，分开所述第一旁路开关。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的控制方法，所述旁路支路还包括第一限流单元，所述第一限流单元与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第一限流单元包括并联连接的第二旁路开关与限流器件，所述限流器件包括电阻、电感或电阻与电感的组合，其中，所述控制方法还包括：
    闭合所述第一旁路开关时，保持所述第二旁路开关处于闭合状态；
    收到限流指令时，分开所述第二旁路开关，将所述限流器件投入；
    收到限流返回指令时，闭合所述第二旁路开关，将所述限流器件退出。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的控制方法，所述旁路支路还包括第二限流单 元，所述第二限流单元与所述第一旁路开关串联连接，所述第二限流单元包括储能元件、桥式电路和隔离变压器，所述桥式电路的直流侧连接所述储能元件，所述桥式电路实现交直流变换，所述隔离变压器的原边引出作为所述第二限流单元的连接端口，所述隔离变压器的副边与所述桥式电路的交流侧连接，其中，所述控制方法还包括：
    收到限流指令时，所述桥式电路解锁进入逆变模式，输出反向电压，限制流过所述第一避雷器的电流；
    收到限流返回指令时，所述桥式电路切换到旁路模式；
    分开所述第一旁路开关时，桥式电路闭锁。
  16. 一种输电系统的控制方法，所述输电系统包括如权利要求6至8任意一项所述的换流器，所述换流器的数量为N，N为大于等于1的整数，N个所述换流器通过直流传输线连接，所述直流传输线上配置有2M个直流开关，M为大于等于1的整数，所述换流器的限流型可控避雷器中，所述旁路支路包括所述第一限流单元或所述第二限流单元，其中，当输电系统的直流传输线的正极或负极发生单相接地故障时，所述方法包括：
    非接地极的电压互感器检测到电压升高，判断接地故障发生；
    换流器中与非接地极连接的限流型可控避雷器动作，使其第一避雷器两端电压升高，限制非接地极的过电压；
    根据故障电流的大小和方向判断故障点，向相邻两个直流开关发出跳闸命令；
    向换流器中与非接地极连接的限流型可控避雷器发出限流指令，使第一限流单元或第二限流单元投入，限制流过第一避雷器的电流；
    分断故障点相邻的直流开关；
    非接地极的电压互感器检测到电压恢复正常或故障电流清除后，限流型可控避雷器动作返回，系统恢复正常运行。
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