WO2020232901A1 - 三层套管吸力桶试验装置 - Google Patents

三层套管吸力桶试验装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020232901A1
WO2020232901A1 PCT/CN2019/103585 CN2019103585W WO2020232901A1 WO 2020232901 A1 WO2020232901 A1 WO 2020232901A1 CN 2019103585 W CN2019103585 W CN 2019103585W WO 2020232901 A1 WO2020232901 A1 WO 2020232901A1
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Prior art keywords
suction
casing
soil
bucket
end resistance
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PCT/CN2019/103585
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
国振
周文杰
朱从博
王立忠
芮圣洁
李雨杰
赵爽
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Zhejiang University
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Zhejiang University
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/24—Foundations constructed by making use of diving-bells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
    • E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a three-layer casing suction bucket test device, which belongs to the field of marine suction bucket type foundation installation test devices.
  • the device of the present invention can be used to analyze the various resistances of the suction bucket during the negative pressure installation process (the friction resistance of the soil to the outer wall of the suction bucket, the friction resistance of the soil plug to the inner wall of the suction bucket, and the end resistance of the soil at the end of the bucket to the suction bucket) And obtain real-time parameters such as pore pressure and earth pressure around the barrel during the negative pressure installation process, as well as the development process and mechanical characteristics evolution of the soil plug.
  • suction bucket foundations In marine engineering, compared with traditional pile foundations, suction bucket foundations have the advantages of convenient installation and transportation, no noise pollution, anti-overturning bearing capacity, less steel consumption, and recyclability. In recent years, they have been favored by the industry , But the installation process control of the suction bucket is currently the main problem that plagues the engineering community.
  • the sinking negative pressure of the suction bucket must be between the minimum required negative pressure and the maximum allowable negative pressure, corresponding to the sinking resistance of the suction bucket and the reverse load failure of the internal soil plug respectively.
  • Silt foundations are widely distributed within 10km off the coast of my country's southeast coast. Silt is a special soil with properties between clay and sand.
  • fine particles are easily lost under the action of the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the bucket, which will change the permeability, strength, and rigidity of the seabed soil, which will affect the foundation of the suction bucket. Shen penetration resistance and service performance after installation. Therefore, the installation control process of the suction bucket foundation has more important engineering significance in the silt seabed.
  • the control of the installation process of the suction bucket foundation is based on a deep understanding of the mechanism of the external resistance, internal resistance, and end resistance of the bucket during the penetration process, as well as the changing law of the soil properties around the bucket. Relevant research input is very limited.
  • the present invention proposes a three-layer casing suction bucket test device.
  • the feature of the device is that the frictional resistance of each vertical part of the suction bucket is divided to obtain the suction force quickly and accurately.
  • the pore pressure, earth pressure and other parameters in the installation and load-bearing process are continuously monitored according to the arranged multiple sensors, and the soil plug development during the suction penetration process and the evolution process of the mechanical properties of the soil around the barrel are obtained through the sensors.
  • a three-layer casing suction barrel test device including a barrel body, a negative pressure suction system, a sensor measurement system, a data acquisition and control system;
  • the top of the barrel is closed and the bottom is open.
  • the barrel includes an inner friction sleeve, an end resistance steel frame and an outer friction sleeve which are arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside;
  • the end resistance steel frame includes the end resistance Steel frame top plate, end resistance plate connecting rods and I-shaped end resistance ring steel plates;
  • the end resistance plate connecting rods are evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, and are used to connect the end resistance steel frame top plate and I-shaped end resistance ring steel plates;
  • the end of the inner friction sleeve, the end of the outer friction sleeve, and the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate are all filled with rubber plugs;
  • two vertical guide rods are also provided above the barrel. , Used to keep the whole suction bucket hanging vertically, and to ensure that the suction bucket is more stable during installation;
  • the negative pressure suction system includes a negative pressure pump, a pressure gauge and a suction pipe, which is used to penetrate the suction bucket into the seabed soil; the negative pressure pump can pump water to form negative pressure in the bucket, which is equivalent to an equivalent vertical The force acts on the suction bucket to penetrate the suction bucket into the soil;
  • the sensor measurement system is used to collect the data of the penetration process of the suction bucket, including the axial force transmitted between the sleeves, the different depths and the internal and external pore pressure of the end of the suction bucket, the earth pressure of the soil acting on the suction bucket body, The distance between the casing top cover and the surface of the soil and the stiffness of the soil are transmitted to the data acquisition and control system.
  • the data acquisition and control system is used for processing and analyzing data.
  • the inner friction sleeve and the outer friction sleeve are made of thin-walled steel pipes, and the ratio of the wall thickness of the thin-walled steel pipe to the diameter of the sleeve is 1:100-150.
  • the diameter of the end resistance plate connecting rod is 2-5 mm, which is smaller than the gap between the inner and outer friction sleeves, and its stiffness is greater than that of the inner and outer friction sleeves, It can be ensured that when the steel plate of the I-shaped end resistance ring at the bottom is stressed, the connecting rod of the end resistance plate will not be deformed greatly.
  • the buoyancy of the internal friction casing during installation is much smaller than other forces and can be ignored.
  • the sum of the values of the piezoelectric axial force sensor between the inner friction casing and the end resistance steel frame is F 1
  • the self-weight of the inner friction casing is G 1
  • the entire suction bucket penetrates into the soil slowly at a uniform speed, so
  • the end resistance steel frame also uses a thinner end resistance plate connecting rod, the buoyancy of the end resistance steel frame is negligible. And due to the low stiffness of the rubber plug, when a certain deformation difference occurs between the end resistance steel frame and the inner friction sleeve and the outer friction sleeve, the influence between the resistance of each part is small and can be ignored.
  • the sum of the values of the piezoelectric axial force sensor between the end resistance steel frame and the outer resistance casing is F 2
  • the dead weight of the end resistance steel frame is G 2
  • the vertical penetration slowly penetrates the force balance, so at this time the suction
  • the vertical force F equivalent to the negative pressure applied to the suction bucket can be calculated.
  • the end resistance steel frame is respectively connected with the inner friction sleeve and the outer friction sleeve with rubber plugs, and there is no gap at the connection. At the same time, since the stiffness of the rubber plug is much smaller than that of the suction barrel casing, the effect on the vertical axial force can be ignored.
  • the suction pipe is connected with a water pump hole provided on the edge of the top cover of the suction bucket for pumping water.
  • the sensor measurement system includes a piezoelectric axial force sensor, a pore pressure sensor, a thin-film soil pressure gauge, a laser rangefinder, and a bending element;
  • the piezoelectric axial force sensor is arranged between each layer of casing, To measure the axial force transmitted between the sleeves;
  • the pore pressure sensors are arranged on both sides of the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate, the inner side of the inner friction sleeve and the outer side of the outer friction sleeve, respectively for Measure the inner and outer pore pressures at the end and the pore pressures of different depths;
  • the membrane soil pressure gauge is set on the inner side of the inner friction casing and the outer side of the outer friction casing to measure the force of the soil on the suction during the penetrating process of the suction bucket
  • the earth pressure of the barrel body can be further analyzed for the relationship between earth pressure and side friction resistance;
  • the laser rangefinder is set on the inner side of the inner friction casing top cover, and it can
  • the bending element is set at the inner lower part of the inner friction casing for measuring the soil.
  • the arrangement of the piezoelectric axial force sensor is specifically as follows: between the top of the inner friction sleeve and the top of the end resistance steel frame, between the top of the end resistance steel frame and the outer friction sleeve
  • Four piezoelectric axial force sensors with axial symmetry are arranged between the tops, so as to ensure that the forces transmitted between the sleeves are collected by the sensors, and the sleeves will not tilt or rotate.
  • the arrangement of the pore pressure sensor is specifically as follows: the outer side of the pore pressure sensor arranged on both sides of the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate is provided with a steel plate with holes for measuring the suction force during installation.
  • the inner and outer pore pressure of the barrel end changes, and the steel plate with holes can ensure that the pore pressure can be accurately measured, and at the same time, it can also protect the pore pressure sensor from being damaged by soil during penetration.
  • the arrangement of the membrane soil pressure gauges is specifically as follows: a total of 16 membrane soil pressure gauges arranged inside the inner friction resistance casing and outside the outer friction casing are arranged in axisymmetrical distribution.
  • the data of each sensor in the sensor measurement system is transmitted through a data transmission line, and the data transmission line is connected to the data acquisition and control system through a data channel port provided on the edge of the top cover of the suction bucket. After the data transmission line passes through, the data channel port is sealed with a rubber plug to ensure the tightness of the sleeve.
  • the internal friction resistance casing is vertically only subjected to its own gravity, internal friction resistance and the force of the sensor, the end resistance steel frame is vertically subjected to its own gravity, end resistance and the sensor force, and the outer friction resistance casing is vertically Subject to its own gravity, external friction and sensor force. Therefore, the resistance of each part measured by this device is more accurate.
  • the present invention separates the internal friction resistance, external friction resistance and end resistance of the suction bucket during the installation process, can obtain the size and sharing ratio of each part of the resistance respectively, and analyze the force law of the suction bucket during the installation process It is of great significance.
  • the device can be used repeatedly, and it can be used to evaluate the development of the internal soil plug and the evolution of its engineering characteristics during the installation of the suction bucket.
  • the soil plug caused by seepage and barrel penetration has a great influence on the smooth installation of the suction barrel in the project, so it has important reference significance for studying the development and evolution of soil plug.
  • This device uses a variety of sensors to collect test data during the test process, and obtains almost all the parameters in the test process more accurately. It can grasp the evolution of the nature of the soil around the bucket during the process of the suction of the bucket penetrating the seabed. The installation control of the suction bucket has important guiding significance.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a vertical sectional structure of a specific suction bucket of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of the front structure of a specific suction bucket of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of a specific suction bucket of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a transverse cross-sectional view of A-A in the structure of Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged detailed schematic view of the end of the suction bucket of Figure 1;
  • I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate 2. Perforated steel plate, 3. Pore pressure sensor, 4. Membrane soil pressure gauge, 5. Laser rangefinder, 6. End resistance steel frame top plate, 7. Water pump hole , 8. Negative pressure pump, 9. Pressure gauge, 10. Suction pipe, 11. Vertical guide rod, 12. Data transmission line, 13. Data acquisition and control system, 14. Piezoelectric axial force sensor, 15. Data channel ⁇ , 16. Outer friction sleeve, 17. Inner friction sleeve, 18. End resistance plate connecting rod, 19. End resistance steel frame, 20. Bending element, 21. Rubber plug.
  • a three-layer casing suction bucket test device that can be used to determine the resistance of the suction bucket and evaluate the internal soil plug, including a bucket body, a negative pressure suction system, a sensor measurement system, a data acquisition and control system 13;
  • the top of the barrel is closed and the bottom is open.
  • the barrel includes an inner friction sleeve 17, an end resistance steel frame 19, and an outer friction sleeve 16 which are arranged coaxially from the inside to the outside;
  • the end resistance steel frame 19 includes the end resistance steel frame top plate 6, the end resistance plate connecting rod 18 and the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate 1;
  • the end resistance plate connecting rod 18 is evenly arranged in the circumferential direction, and is used to connect the end resistance steel frame top plate 6 and I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate 1; rubber plugs 21 are filled between the end of the inner friction sleeve 17, the end of the outer friction sleeve 16 and the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate 1;
  • the negative pressure suction system includes a negative pressure pump 8, a pressure gauge 9 and a suction pipe 10, which are used to penetrate the suction bucket into the seabed soil; the negative pressure pump can pump water to form negative pressure in the bucket, which is equivalent to a The equivalent vertical force acts on the suction bucket to penetrate the suction bucket into the soil;
  • the sensor measurement system is used to collect the data of the penetration process of the suction bucket, including the axial force transmitted between the sleeves, the different depths and the internal and external pore pressure of the end of the suction bucket, the earth pressure of the soil acting on the suction bucket body, The distance between the casing top cover and the surface of the soil and the stiffness of the soil are transmitted to the data acquisition and control system 13, and the data acquisition and control system 13 is used to process and analyze the data.
  • the end resistance plate connecting rod 18 is thin and rigid, there is a certain gap between each layer of casing and the end resistance plate connecting rod will not buckle, so the friction force in the suction barrel, external friction and end resistance are separated open.
  • the inner friction casing is vertically only subjected to its own gravity, internal friction resistance and the force of the sensor, the end resistance steel frame is vertically subjected to its own gravity, end resistance and the force of the sensor, and the outer friction resistance casing is vertically subjected to its own gravity and external friction. Resistance and sensor force.
  • the end resistance steel frame 19 is respectively filled and connected with the ends of the inner friction sleeve 17 and the outer friction sleeve 16 with rubber plugs 21 to prevent soil from entering between the sleeves during the installation of the suction bucket and affecting the test accuracy.
  • the stiffness of the rubber plug 21 is much smaller than the stiffness of the suction barrel sleeve, the effect on the vertical axial force can be ignored.
  • the inner friction resistance sleeve 17 and the outer friction sleeve 16 are made of thin-walled steel pipes, and the ratio of the wall thickness of the thin-walled steel pipe to the diameter of the sleeve is 1:100 ⁇ 150.
  • the diameter of the end resistance plate connecting rod 18 is 2-5mm, which is smaller than the gap between the inner and outer friction sleeves, and its stiffness is greater than that of the inner and outer friction sleeves, which can ensure the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate at the bottom When force is applied, the connecting rod will not deform greatly.
  • the water suction pipe 10 is connected with a water pump hole 7 provided on the edge of the top cover of the suction bucket, and is used to suck water in the bucket.
  • the sensor measurement system includes a piezoelectric axial force sensor 14, a pore pressure sensor 3, a membrane soil pressure gauge 4, a laser rangefinder 5, and a bending element 20;
  • the piezoelectric axial force sensor 14 is arranged between each layer of casing, To measure the axial force transmitted between the casings;
  • 16 membrane soil pressure gauges 4 are distributed axisymmetrically on the inner side of the inner friction casing 17 and the outer side of the outer friction casing 16, which are used to measure the action of the soil on the suction barrel The earth pressure of the barrel body can be obtained during the penetration process;
  • the laser rangefinder 5 is arranged on the inner side of the top cover of the inner friction casing 17, and the distance to the soil surface is measured in real time by emitting a laser to the soil surface , So as to obtain the deformation of the soil surface inside the suction bucket and the condition of soil plugging;
  • the bending element 20 is arranged at the inner lower part of the inner friction casing to measure the stiffness change of the soil.
  • piezoelectric axial force sensors 14 are arranged axisymmetrically between the inner friction sleeve 17 and the end resistance steel frame 19, and between the end resistance steel frame 19 and the outer friction sleeve 16, so as to ensure that the sleeve The forces transferred between are all collected by the sensor, and the casing will not tilt or rotate.
  • the pore pressure sensor 3 is pasted on the inner and outer sides of the I-shaped end resistance ring steel plate 1 to measure the change of the inner and outer pore pressure at the end of the suction bucket during the installation process.
  • the pore pressure sensor 3 at the end is protected by a perforated steel plate 2, and the water permeability ensures that the pore pressure can be measured smoothly.
  • 16 pore pressure sensors 3 are distributed axisymmetrically on the inner side of the inner friction sleeve 17 and the outer side of the outer friction sleeve 16 to measure the pore pressure changes at different depths during the test.
  • the data transmission line 12 of each sensor of the sensor measurement system is connected to the data acquisition and control system 13 through the data channel port 15 on the edge of the top cover of the suction bucket.
  • the data channel port 15 is sealed with a rubber plug after the data transmission line 12 passes to ensure the sleeve The tightness of the tube.
  • the various sensors are installed in the designated position through pasting or brackets in advance, and the data transmission line 12 of the sensor is connected to the data acquisition and control system 13 through the data channel port 15.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种三层套管吸力桶试验装置，该装置可用于测定吸力桶安装过程中桶外摩阻、内摩阻、端阻以及评估内部土塞和渗流场变化。本发明装置包括桶体、负压抽吸系统、传感器测量系统、数据采集及控制系统。本装置所采用的吸力桶为三层套管结构吸力桶，各层套管之间具有一定间隙，从而将吸力桶所受的内摩擦阻力、外摩擦阻力以及端阻力分离开来。在吸力桶安装过程中，负压抽吸系统可使吸力桶内部形成负压，竖直导向杆可保证吸力桶竖直贯入土体。本发明的试验装置可用于分析吸力桶在安装过程中所受的各种阻力、桶内土塞发展过程以及桶体周围孔压、土压力的演化机制。

Description

三层套管吸力桶试验装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种三层套管吸力桶试验装置，属于海洋吸力式桶型基础安装试验装置领域。本发明装置可用于分析吸力桶在负压安装过程中所受各种阻力(土体对吸力桶外壁的摩阻力、土塞对吸力桶内壁的摩阻力和桶端土对吸力桶的端阻力)的大小，并实时获得负压安装过程中桶体周围孔压、土压力等参数，以及获取土塞发展过程及力学特性演化。
背景技术
在海洋工程中，相比于传统桩基础，吸力式桶型基础具有安装运输方便、无噪音污染、抗倾覆承载力、用钢量少以及可回收重复利用等优点，近年来受到工业界的青睐，但吸力桶的安装过程控制是目前困扰工程界的主要难题。
吸力桶的沉贯负压需介于最低需求负压和最大容许负压之间，分别对应着吸力桶沉贯阻力和内部土塞反向承载失效破坏。当吸力桶在粘土中贯入时，由于粘土渗透性差，在内外压差作用下土体中不会产生明显渗流；当吸力桶在渗透性较强的粉质、砂质海床贯入时，桶体周围渗流会显著降低桶内土体的有效应力，从而大大减小沉贯阻力，但是，当渗流强度过大时则可能导致内部土体产生渗蚀、液化、管涌等失稳破坏，最终导致安装失败。吸力桶贯入阻力由桶外阻、内阻、端阻共同组成，渗流场的存在将三者产生显著影响。
近海海域是海洋能源开发的主战场，在我国东南沿海离岸10km范围内广泛分布着粉土地基，粉土是一种性质介于粘土和砂土之间的特殊土。在粉土海床中进行吸力桶基础安装时，在桶内外压差作用下，细颗粒易流失，这将带来海床土体渗透性、强度、刚度等性质的改变，影响吸力桶基础的沉贯阻力以及安装完成后的服役性能。因此，吸力桶基础的安装控制过程在粉土海床中具有更加重要的工程意义。对吸力桶基础的安装过程控制建立在深刻理解贯入过程中桶外阻、内阻、端阻的发挥机制以及桶体周围土体性质的变化规律，但目前关于粉土海床中吸力桶贯入的相关研究十分有限。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，提出了一种三层套管吸力桶试验装置，该装置的特点是：将吸力桶受到的竖向各部分摩阻力分割开来，快速准确地得到吸力桶贯入阻力中各部分阻力大小及分担比。并且，根据布置的多种传感器连续监测获得安装和承载过程中孔压、土压力等参数，以及通过传感器获得吸力沉贯过程中土塞发展和桶体周围土体力学特性的演化过程。
本发明采取以下技术方案：
一种三层套管吸力桶试验装置，包括桶体、负压抽吸系统、传感器测量系统、数据采集及控制系统；
所述的桶体顶部封闭，底部敞开，桶体包括由内而外依次同轴设置的内摩阻力套管、端阻力钢架和外摩阻力套管；所述的端阻力钢架 包括端阻力钢架顶板、端阻力板连接杆和工字型端阻力环钢板；所述的端阻力板连接杆沿环向均匀布置，用于连接端阻力钢架顶板和工字型端阻力环钢板；所述的内摩阻力套管的端部、外摩阻力套管的端部与工字型端阻力环钢板之间均填充有橡胶塞；所述的桶体上方还设置有两个竖向导向杆，用于使整个吸力桶保持竖直悬挂，并保证吸力桶在安装时更稳定；
所述的负压抽吸系统包括负压泵、压力表和吸水管，用于将吸力桶贯入海床土体中；负压泵可通过抽水使桶内形成负压，相当于一个等效竖向力作用在吸力桶上，从而将吸力桶贯入土体中；
所述的传感器测量系统用于收集吸力桶贯入过程数据，包括套管之间传递的轴力、不同深度及吸力桶端部的内外孔压、土体作用于吸力桶桶身的土压力、套管顶盖与土体表面的距离和土体的刚度，并将数据传输至数据采集及控制系统中，所述的数据采集及控制系统用于处理分析数据。
上述技术方案中，优选的，所述的内摩阻力套管和外摩阻力套管均采用薄壁钢管制作，薄壁钢管的壁厚与套管的直径比为1：100～150。
优选的，所述的端阻力板连接杆的直径端阻力板连接杆的直径为2-5mm，小于内、外摩阻力套管的间隙，且其刚度大于内、外摩阻力套管的刚度，可以保证在底部的工字型端阻力环钢板受力时，端阻力板连接杆不会发生大的形变。
因此，内摩阻力套管在安装过程中所受的浮力远小于其他作用力，可忽略不计。设内摩阻力套管与端阻力钢架之间的压电式轴力传感器 的数值之和为F 1，内摩阻力套管自重为G 1，整个吸力桶是匀速缓慢贯入土体，因此此时所受的内摩阻力为Q rk＝F 1+G 1。
由于端阻力钢架也采用较细端阻力板连接杆，因此端阻力钢架所受的浮力可忽略不计。且由于橡胶塞刚度小，在端阻力钢架与内摩阻力套管和外摩阻力套管发生一定的变形差时，各部分阻力之间的影响较小，可忽略不计。设端阻力钢架与外阻力套管之间的压电式轴力传感器的数值之和为F 2，端阻力钢架的自重为G 2，竖向缓慢贯入受力平衡，因此此时吸力桶所受的端阻力为Q pk＝F 2+G 2-F 1。
同样，外摩阻力套管所受的浮力也可忽略不计。施加在吸力桶内部的负压等效的竖向作用力F可以计算得到，外摩阻力套管的自重为G 3，吸力桶竖向受力平衡，因此此时吸力桶所受的外摩阻力为Q sk＝F+G 3-F 2。
由于端阻力板连接杆直径小、刚度大，可以保证各层套管间存在一定的间隙且端阻力板连接杆不发生屈曲，保证贯入阻力可以严格分割开。所述的端阻力钢架分别与内摩阻力套管和外摩阻力套管用橡胶塞进行连接，且连接处无间隙。同时由于橡胶塞的刚度远小于吸力桶套管的刚度，因此对于竖向轴力的影响可以忽略不计。
优选的，所述的吸水管与设于吸力桶顶盖边缘的水泵孔连接，用于抽水。
优选的，所述的传感器测量系统包括压电式轴力传感器、孔压传感器、薄膜土压力计、激光测距仪、弯曲元；压电式轴力传感器布置于各层套管之间，用于测量在套管之间传递的轴力；所述的孔压传感 器设置于工字型端阻力环钢板的两侧、内摩阻力套管的内侧以及外摩阻力套管的外侧，分别用于测量端部的内外孔压和不同深度的孔压；薄膜土压力计设置于内摩阻力套管的内侧以及外摩阻力套管的外侧，用于测量吸力桶沉贯过程中土体作用于吸力桶桶身的土压力，可以进一步分析土压力与侧摩阻力之间关系；激光测距仪设置于内摩阻力套管顶盖内侧，通过发射激光至土表面实时测量吸力桶沉贯过程中桶体顶部与土体表面的距离，从而获得吸力桶内部土体表面的变形和土塞的隆起情况，进而得到土塞发展情况；弯曲元设置于内摩阻力套管的内侧下部，用于测量土体的刚度变化。
更优选的，所述的压电式轴力传感器的设置方式具体为：在内摩阻力套管的顶部和端阻力钢架的顶部之间、端阻力钢架的顶部和外摩阻力套管的顶部之间分别设置成轴对称的四个压电式轴力传感器，从而保证套管之间传递的力均被传感器采集到，同时套管不会发生倾斜或旋转。
更优选的，所述的孔压传感器的设置方式具体为：所述的设置于工字型端阻力环钢板两侧的孔压传感器的外侧设置有带孔钢板，用于测量在安装过程中吸力桶端部的内外孔压变化，带孔钢板可保证孔压能够被准确测量，同时还可保护孔压传感器在贯入时不被土破坏。设于内摩阻力套管的内侧以及外摩阻力套管的外侧的孔压传感器共有16个且成轴对称分布，用于测量试验过程中不同深度孔压的变化。
更优选的，所述的薄膜土压力计的设置方式具体为：设置于内摩阻力套管内侧和外摩阻力套管外侧的薄膜土压力计共16个且成轴对称分布。
更优选的，所述的传感器测量系统中的每个传感器的数据通过数据传输线传输，所述的数据传输线穿过设于吸力桶顶盖边缘的数据通道口连接至数据采集及控制系统，所述的数据通道口在数据传输线通过之后采用橡胶塞进行密封，保证套管的密合性。
在本发明装置中，内摩阻力套管竖向仅受自身重力、内摩阻力及传感器作用力，端阻力钢架竖向受自身重力、端阻力以及传感器作用力，外摩阻力套管竖向受自身重力、外摩阻力和传感器作用力。因此，采用本装置测得的各部分的阻力更精确。
本发明装置具有以下优点：
1.本发明将吸力桶在安装过程中所受的内摩阻力、外摩阻力和端阻力分开，可以分别求出各部分阻力的大小以及分担比，对分析吸力桶安装过程中的受力规律具有重要意义。
2.本装置可以重复使用，在不同的土体类型情况下进行研究，可用于评估吸力桶在安装过程中内部土塞的发展及其工程特性演化。渗流和桶体贯入引起的土塞在工程中对于吸力桶能否顺利安装的影响很大，因此对研究土塞的发展演化有重要的参考意义。
3.本装置采用多种传感器采集试验过程中试验数据，更加准确地得到试验过程中几乎全部参量，可掌握吸力桶吸力贯入海 床过程中，桶体周围土体性质的演化，对实际工程中吸力桶的安装控制具有重要指导意义。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种具体吸力桶竖向剖面结构示意图；
图2是本发明的一种具体吸力桶主视结构示意图；
图3是本发明的一种具体吸力桶仰视结构示意图；
图4是图1的结构中A—A横向剖面示意图；
图5是图1吸力桶端部放大细部示意图；
其中，1.工字型端阻力环钢板、2.带孔钢板、3.孔压传感器、4.薄膜土压力计、5.激光测距仪、6.端阻力钢架顶板、7.水泵孔、8.负压泵、9.压力表、10.吸水管、11.竖向导向杆、12.数据传输线、13.数据采集及控制系统、14.压电式轴力传感器、15.数据通道口、16.外摩阻力套管、17.内摩阻力套管、18.端阻力板连接杆、19.端阻力钢架、20.弯曲元、21.橡胶塞。
具体实施方式
一种可用于测定吸力桶阻力及评估内部土塞的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，包括桶体、负压抽吸系统、传感器测量系统、数据采集及控制系统13；
所述的桶体顶部封闭，底部敞开，桶体包括由内而外依次同轴设置的内摩阻力套管17、端阻力钢架19和外摩阻力套管16；所述的端阻力钢架19包括端阻力钢架顶板6、端阻力板连接杆18和工字型端 阻力环钢板1；所述的端阻力板连接杆18沿环向均匀布置，用于连接端阻力钢架顶板6和工字型端阻力环钢板1；所述的内摩阻力套管17的端部、外摩阻力套管16的端部与工字型端阻力环钢板1之间均填充有橡胶塞21；桶体上方还设置有两个竖向导向杆11，用于使整个吸力桶保持竖直悬挂，并保证吸力桶在安装时更稳定；
所述的负压抽吸系统包括负压泵8、压力表9和吸水管10，用于将吸力桶贯入海床土体中；负压泵可通过抽水使桶内形成负压，相当于一个等效竖向力作用在吸力桶上，从而将吸力桶贯入土体中；
所述的传感器测量系统用于收集吸力桶贯入过程数据，包括套管之间传递的轴力、不同深度及吸力桶端部的内外孔压、土体作用于吸力桶桶身的土压力、套管顶盖与土体表面的距离和土体的刚度，并将数据传输至数据采集及控制系统13中，所述的数据采集及控制系统13用于处理分析数据。
由于端阻力板连接杆18较细且刚度较大，使得各层套管间具有一定的间隙且端阻力板连接杆不会发生屈曲，因此将吸力桶内摩擦力，外摩擦力和端阻力分离开。内摩阻力套管竖向仅受自身重力、内摩阻力及传感器作用力，端阻力钢架竖向受自身重力、端阻力以及传感器作用力，外摩阻力套管竖向受自身重力、外摩阻力和传感器作用力。
具体的，如图1-5所示，一种具体实施示例如下：
端阻力钢架19分别与内摩阻力套管17和外摩阻力套管16的端部采用橡胶塞21进行填充连接，防止吸力桶安装过程中土体进入套 管之间影响试验准确性。同时由于橡胶塞21的刚度远小于吸力桶套管的刚度，因此对于竖向轴力的影响可以忽略不计。
内摩阻力套管17和外摩阻力套管16均采用薄壁钢管制作，薄壁钢管的壁厚与套管的直径比为1：100～150。端阻力板连接杆18的直径为2-5mm，小于内、外摩阻力套管的间隙，且其刚度大于内、外摩阻力套管的刚度，可以保证在底部的工字型端阻力环钢板受力时，连接杆不会发生大的形变。
吸水管10与设于吸力桶顶盖边缘的水泵孔7连接，用于抽吸桶内的水。
传感器测量系统包括压电式轴力传感器14、孔压传感器3、薄膜土压力计4、激光测距仪5、弯曲元20；压电式轴力传感器14布置于各层套管之间，用于测量在套管之间传递的轴力；薄膜土压力计4在内摩阻力套管17的内侧以及外摩阻力套管16的外侧轴对称分布16个，用于测量土体作用于吸力桶桶身的土压力，可得到贯入过程中桶体土压力演化过程；激光测距仪5布置于内摩阻力套管17顶盖内侧，通过发射激光至土表面实时测量与土体表面的距离，从而获得吸力桶内部土体表面的变形和土塞情况；弯曲元20设置于内摩阻力套管的内侧下部，用于测量土体的刚度变化。
在内摩阻力套管17和端阻力钢架19之间、端阻力钢架19和外摩阻力套管16之间分别设置成轴对称的四个压电式轴力传感器14，从而保证套管之间传递的力均被传感器采集到，同时套管不会发生倾斜或旋转。
孔压传感器3黏贴在工字型端阻力环钢板1的内外两侧，用于测量在安装过程中吸力桶端部的内外孔压变化。在端部的孔压传感器3用带孔钢板2保护，同时透水性保证孔压能够被顺利测量。并且在内摩阻力套管17的内侧以及外摩阻力套管16的外侧轴对称分布16个孔压传感器3，测量试验过程中不同深度孔压变化。
传感器测量系统的每个传感器的数据传输线12穿过吸力桶顶盖边缘的数据通道口15连接至数据采集及控制系统13，数据通道口15在数据传输线12通过之后采用橡胶塞进行密封，保证套管的密合性。
下面以在典型粉土海床中贯入本吸力桶为例，简述采用本发明上述实施例装置的一种具体试验过程：
1.将各种传感器提前通过黏贴或支架安装在指定位置，并将传感器的数据传输线12穿过数据通道口15连接至数据采集及控制系统13。
2.将吸力桶三层套管按安装顺序依次同轴套入，并且在各层套管之间连接好压电式轴力传感器14，保证各层套管不会发生倾斜和旋转。
3.通过两根竖向导向杆11维持整个吸力桶保持竖直悬挂在已经准备好的粉土海床上方，将负压抽吸系统与吸力桶顶盖相连。
4.打开数据采集系统及控制系统13，将吸力桶下放到制备好的土体上，吸力桶在自重下贯入海床土体一定深度，并在桶内形成密封环境。
5.打开负压泵8，抽水使桶内形成负压，将吸力桶竖直贯入土体 中，实时监测桶内负压值以及记录各传感器的采集数据，直到桶体贯入到指定深度。
6.试验完成后，通过水泵孔7向桶内注水，对三层套管吸力桶试验装置进行回收。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：包括桶体、负压抽吸系统、传感器测量系统、数据采集及控制系统(13)；
    所述的桶体的顶部封闭，底部敞开，桶体包括由内而外依次同轴设置的内摩阻力套管(17)、端阻力钢架(19)和外摩阻力套管(16)；所述的端阻力钢架(19)包括端阻力钢架顶板(6)、端阻力板连接杆(18)和工字型端阻力环钢板(1)；所述的端阻力板连接杆(18)沿环向均匀布置，用于连接端阻力钢架顶板(6)和工字型端阻力环钢板(1)；所述的工字型端阻力环钢板(1)与所述的内摩阻力套管(17)的端部和外摩阻力套管(16)的端部之间均填充有橡胶塞(21)；所述的桶体上方还设置有两个竖向导向杆(11)，用于使整个吸力桶保持竖直悬挂；
    所述的负压抽吸系统包括负压泵(8)、压力表(9)和吸水管(10)，用于使桶内形成负压，从而将吸力桶贯入海床土体中；
    所述的传感器测量系统用于检测吸力桶贯入过程中的数据，包括套管之间传递的轴力、不同深度及吸力桶端部的内外孔压、土体作用于吸力桶桶身的土压力、套管顶盖与土体表面的距离和土体的刚度，并将数据传输至数据采集及控制系统(13)中，所述的数据采集及控制系统(13)用于处理分析数据。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的内摩阻力套管(17)和外摩阻力套管(16)均采用薄壁钢管制作，薄壁钢管的壁厚与套管的直径比为1：100～150。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的端阻力板连接杆(18)的直径小于内、外摩阻力套管的间隙，且其刚度大于内、外摩阻力套管的刚度。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的吸水管(10)与设于吸力桶顶盖边缘的水泵孔(7)连接，用于抽吸桶内的水。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的传感器测量系统包括压电式轴力传感器(14)、孔压传感器(3)、薄膜土压力计(4)、激光测距仪(5)、弯曲元(20)；所述的压电式轴力传感器(14)设置于各层套管之间，用于测量各层套管之间传递的竖向力；所述的孔压传感器(3)设置于工字型端阻力环钢板(1)的两侧、内摩阻力套管(17)的内侧以及外摩阻力套管(16)的外侧，分别用于测量端部的内外孔压和不同深度的孔压；所述的薄膜土压力计(4)设置于内摩阻力套管(17)的内侧以及外摩阻力套管(16)的外侧，用于测量土体作用于吸力桶桶身的土压力；所述的激光测距仪(5)设置于内摩阻力套管(17)顶盖内侧，用于测量与土体表面的距离；所述的弯曲元(20)设置于内摩阻力套管内侧下部，用于测量土体的刚度。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于，所述的压电式轴力传感器(14)的设置方式具体为：在内摩阻力套管(17)的顶部和端阻力钢架(19)的顶部之间、端阻力钢架 (19)的顶部和外摩阻力套管(16)的顶部之间分别设置成轴对称的四个压电式轴力传感器(14)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的孔压传感器的设置方式具体为：设置于工字型端阻力环钢板(1)两侧的孔压传感器(3)的外侧设置有带孔钢板(2)，设置于内摩阻力套管(17)内侧和外摩阻力套管(16)外侧的孔压传感器(3)共有16个且成轴对称分布。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的薄膜土压力计(4)的设置方式具体为：设置于内摩阻力套管(17)内侧和外摩阻力套管(16)外侧的薄膜土压力计共16个且成轴对称分布。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的三层套管吸力桶试验装置，其特征在于：所述的传感器测量系统的每个传感器的数据通过数据传输线(12)传输，所述的数据传输线(12)穿过设于吸力桶顶盖边缘的数据通道口(15)连接至数据采集及控制系统(13)，所述的数据通道口(15)在数据传输线(12)通过之后采用橡胶塞进行密封。
PCT/CN2019/103585 2019-05-17 2019-08-30 三层套管吸力桶试验装置 Ceased WO2020232901A1 (zh)

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