WO2020224553A1 - 一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置及方法 - Google Patents
一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020224553A1 WO2020224553A1 PCT/CN2020/088453 CN2020088453W WO2020224553A1 WO 2020224553 A1 WO2020224553 A1 WO 2020224553A1 CN 2020088453 W CN2020088453 W CN 2020088453W WO 2020224553 A1 WO2020224553 A1 WO 2020224553A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/62—Testing of transformers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L19/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluent medium insofar as such details or accessories are not special to particular types of pressure gauges
- G01L19/08—Means for indicating or recording, e.g. for remote indication
- G01L19/086—Means for indicating or recording, e.g. for remote indication for remote indication
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of power systems, and relates to a transformer monitoring device and method based on non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information, which is used to measure, record and analyze non-electrical quantity information such as transient oil pressure, oil flow, acceleration, etc. inside an oil-immersed power transformer , And to achieve real-time monitoring of power transformers and reliable evaluation of their operating status.
- the transformer occupies a pivotal position in the power system. Its stable operation is an important prerequisite to ensure the reliable transmission, flexible distribution and safe use of the entire power system. Especially the large power transformers installed at the system hub, because of their high voltage level, large capacity, complex structure, and high cost, once a failure occurs, it will have a serious impact on the reliability and operational stability of the power system. Damage will inevitably cause huge economic losses.
- transformer oil As a petroleum extract, transformer oil has the advantages of good insulation performance, low viscosity, good heat transfer performance and low manufacturing cost. Since the end of the 19th century, power transformers have been filled with this paraffinic heavy oil as a cooling and insulating medium. Except for some special-purpose small and medium capacity transformers and individual gas insulated transformers, oil-immersed transformers that use transformer oil as a filler are widely used in power systems with different capacities and voltage levels.
- an oil-immersed power transformer there is a close relationship between its operating state and non-electrical characteristics such as oil pressure, oil flow, and body acceleration inside the fuel tank. Through measurement, calculation, and analysis of these non-electrical characteristics, the operating state of the transformer can be achieved. And health monitoring and evaluation.
- the main reasons for the internal oil flow of the transformer are the following two aspects: the natural convection of the transformer oil due to temperature differences and the forced transformer oil of the cooling system oil pump cycle.
- a large amount of insulating oil near the fault point vaporizes and decomposes to form compressed bubbles with a certain volume under the combined action of the fault arc heating and ionization.
- the volume expansion of the faulty bubble will force a part of the insulating oil to surge towards the transformer oil pillow, while the faulty bubble will also form a continuous gas-liquid two-phase flow in the process of floating and splitting into the connecting pipe on the top of the tank.
- the vibration characteristics of the core and windings will also be reflected in the acceleration characteristics of the body.
- Real-time measurement, recording, calculation and analysis of the acceleration of the transformer body have important reference value for transformer operation and maintenance personnel to evaluate the safe operation status of the transformer body, iron core and windings.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a transformer monitoring device and method based on non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information, which is used to measure, record, and analyze non-electricity information such as transient oil pressure, oil flow, acceleration, etc. inside an oil-immersed power transformer. This evaluates the operating state of the transformer.
- a transformer monitoring device based on non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information including a transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, a transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, a transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module, a signal conditioning and acquisition module, and a digital processing analysis module ;
- the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, and the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module are all connected to the signal conditioning and acquisition module, and the signal conditioning and acquisition module is connected to the digital processing and analysis module;
- the transient oil pressure characteristic measurement module is used to measure the internal oil pressure change characteristics at different positions of the transformer and output the corresponding analog voltage/current signal;
- the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module is used for real-time and high-speed measurement of the transient oil flow change characteristics inside the transformer oil pillow connecting pipe, and output the corresponding analog voltage/current signal;
- the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module is used to measure the transient acceleration change characteristic of the transformer itself, and output the corresponding analog voltage/current signal;
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module is used to receive the analog voltage/current signals output by the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, and the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module, and convert them into a digital processing analysis module Standard digital signals that can be identified, and then output standard digital signals;
- the digital processing analysis module is used to receive the standard digital signal, execute the monitoring algorithm, and complete the digital signal processing task, so as to realize the online monitoring and monitoring of the transient oil pressure inside the fuel tank, the transient oil flow inside the oil pillow connecting pipe, and the body transient acceleration.
- Transformer operating status evaluation function is used to realize the online monitoring and monitoring of the transient oil pressure inside the fuel tank, the transient oil flow inside the oil pillow connecting pipe, and the body transient acceleration.
- the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module is composed of several high-frequency dynamic oil pressure sensors and their communication cables; the high-frequency dynamic oil pressure sensor is installed on the transformer body, and the sensor end probe is directly insulated from the transformer Oil contact, to measure the internal oil pressure change characteristics of different positions of the transformer, and use the communication cable to output the corresponding analog voltage/current signal; among them, the measurement frequency of the high-frequency dynamic oil pressure sensor is 20kHz, and the measurement error is less than 1%, working temperature is -45 ⁇ 120°C, measuring range is -0.1 ⁇ 6MPa.
- the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module is composed of an externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter, a flowmeter transmitter and a communication cable, and an externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter and a flowmeter transmitter Connected, the flowmeter transmitter is connected with the communication cable; the externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter is installed on the transformer oil pillow connection pipe; among them, the measurement frequency of the externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter is above 100Hz, and the measurement error is less than 1%, working temperature is -30 ⁇ 80°C, flow rate range is -20 ⁇ 20m/s; externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter is installed at 100mm ⁇ 300mm in front of Buchholz relay.
- the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module is composed of several acceleration sensors, transmitters and communication cables.
- the acceleration sensor is strongly magnetically attached to the outer wall of the transformer body, and the acceleration sensor is connected to the transmitter to transmit
- the device is connected with the communication cable; among them, the measurement frequency of the acceleration sensor is above 10kHz, the measurement error is less than 1%, the operating temperature is -40 ⁇ 80°C, and the acceleration range is -1000 ⁇ 1000g;
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module is composed of wiring terminals, signal conditioning circuits, low-pass filters, signal sampling circuits, and analog-to-digital A/D conversion circuits; the wiring terminals are connected to the signal conditioning circuit, and the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the low-pass filter.
- the low-pass filter is connected to the signal sampling circuit, the signal sampling circuit is connected to the analog-to-digital A/D conversion circuit, and the terminal block is also connected to the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module and the transient acceleration characteristic quantity The measurement module is connected.
- the digital processing analysis module includes a bus, a central processing unit, a GPS synchronization clock, a random access memory, and a control circuit; the central processing unit, GPS synchronization clock, random access memory, read-only memory, and control circuit are all connected to the bus;
- the analog-to-digital A/D conversion circuit is connected to the bus;
- the bus includes a data bus, an address bus and a control bus to realize data exchange and operation control;
- the central processing unit is a single-chip microprocessor, general-purpose microprocessor or digital signal processor, real-time Realize digital signal processing; GPS synchronous clock is used to realize the synchronous sampling requirements of equipment in the substation and system stations; random access memory is used to temporarily store temporary data; read-only memory is used to store data;
- the control circuit uses field programmable gate array to realize the whole Connection and coordination of digital circuits.
- a further improvement of the present invention is that it also includes a data storage module, a man-machine dialogue module and a data communication interface module connected to the digital processing analysis module;
- the data storage module is used to store data
- the man-machine dialogue module is used to establish the information connection between the digital protection device and the user, so that the operator can manually operate and debug the protection device and obtain information feedback;
- the data communication interface module uses Ethernet to realize information interaction, data transmission, remote operation and remote maintenance with other equipment and the main station.
- man-machine dialogue module includes a compact keyboard, a display screen, indicator lights, buttons and a printer interface;
- the data storage module is composed of primary and secondary flash memories; the primary and secondary flash memories are used as primary and backup memories;
- the data communication interface module follows the IEC 61850 communication protocol, and uses Ethernet to realize information exchange, data transmission, remote operation and remote maintenance with other equipment and the main station.
- a monitoring method for a transformer monitoring device based on the above-mentioned non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information, which measures, records, calculates and analyzes transient oil pressure, oil flow, body acceleration, and realizes real-time monitoring and reliable evaluation of the transformer operating status ,
- the specific process is as follows including the following steps:
- the transient oil pressure characteristic measurement module is used to measure the oil pressure change characteristics of different positions inside the transformer, that is, to read the oil pressure p ms.n (t) at n measuring points inside the transformer at the current time t, where n is 1,2 ,3 «; and output the corresponding analog voltage/current signal;
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module is used to receive the analog voltage/current signal output by the transient oil pressure characteristic measurement module and convert it into digital processing and analysis The standard digital signal that the module can recognize, and then output the standard digital signal;
- the digital processing analysis module judges the instantaneous oil pressure p ms.n (t) of each measuring point and the preset start threshold p st after receiving the standard digital signal. If any measuring point instantaneous oil pressure p ms.n (t) Is greater than or equal to the preset start threshold p st , that is, formula (1) is established, then go to step 3; if all the measuring points oil pressure is less than the preset start threshold p st , that is, formula (1) is not established, it indicates that the internal oil pressure of the transformer is normal , Go to step 5;
- T is the length of the data window, and f is the signal sampling frequency of the acquisition module;
- step 4 Determine the size of the operating oil pressure p op.n (t) and the overpressure alarm threshold p th.1 . If the operating oil pressure p op.n (t) is greater than or equal to the overpressure alarm threshold p th.1 , then equation (3) If it is established, the transformer internal overvoltage warning will be issued, and step 5; if the operating oil pressure p op.n (t) is less than the overvoltage alarm threshold, that is, the formula (3) is not established, then step 4 will be entered;
- Transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module measures real-time and high-speed changes of transient oil flow characteristics inside the transformer oil pillow connecting pipe, and outputs the corresponding analog voltage/current signal;
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module receives the analog voltage/current signal output by the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, converts it into a standard digital signal that can be identified by the digital processing analysis module, and then outputs the standard digital signal;
- the digital processing analysis module judges the instantaneous flow velocity v ms (t) and the preset starting threshold v st after receiving the standard digital signal; if the instantaneous oil flow v ms (t) is greater than or equal to the preset starting threshold v st , then formula (1 ) Is established, go to step 3; if it is less than the preset starting threshold v st , that is, formula (1) is not established, it indicates that the transformer oil flow is normal, and go to step 5;
- T is the length of the data window, and f is the signal sampling frequency of the acquisition module;
- the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module measures the transient acceleration change characteristics of the transformer body, that is, the acceleration of the transformer body at n measuring points a ms.n (t) at the current time t, where n is 1, 2, 3...; and output and The corresponding analog voltage/current signal;
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module receives the analog voltage/current signal output by the transient acceleration characteristic measurement module, and converts it into a standard digital signal that can be recognized by the digital processing analysis module, and then outputs the standard Digital signal;
- any measuring point is greater than or equal to the preset start threshold a st , that is, formula (1) is established, go to step 3; if it is less than the preset start threshold a st , that is, formula (1) is not established , The transformer body vibrates normally, go to step 5;
- T is the length of the data window, and f is the signal sampling frequency of the acquisition module;
- step 4 Determine the magnitude of the action acceleration a op.n (t) and the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 . If the action acceleration a op.n (t) is greater than or equal to the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 , that is, formula (3) holds, A transformer over-vibration warning is issued, and step 5; if the action acceleration a op.n (t) is less than the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 , that is, the formula (3) is not established, then step 4;
- a further improvement of the present invention is that in step 2 in step 1), the preset start threshold p st is set to 35kPa; in step 3, the data window length T is 5 ⁇ 10 -3 s, and the overvoltage alarm threshold p th. 1 is 70kPa; in step 4, the quasi-overpressure warning threshold p th.2 is 55kPa.
- step 2 in step 2), the preset start threshold v st is 0.2 to 0.4 m/s; in step 3, the overcurrent alarm threshold v th.1 is set to 0.7 m/s; step In 3, the data window length T is 0.02s; in step 4, the quasi-overcurrent warning threshold v th.2 is 0.5m/s;
- step 2 of step 3 the preset start threshold a st is set to 2.5g; in step 3, the data window length T is 1 ⁇ 10 -3 s, and the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 is 20g; step 4 In the medium, the threshold a th.2 for passing vibration warning is 10g.
- the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
- the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module and the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module measure the internal oil pressure at different positions of the transformer, the oil flow in the oil pillow connecting pipe, the body acceleration and other non-electricity It can meet the requirements of high temperature, oil pollution, and strong electromagnetic environment inside the power transformer in terms of accuracy and range of use; the online monitoring device of the present invention is independent of the power network, and the measurement and signal transmission of various non-electric characteristics are less interfered with. Do not inject harmonics into the power system; the digital processing analysis module can fully meet the requirements of fast, real-time processing of multi-channel, high-frequency data.
- the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, reliability and high efficiency.
- a high-frequency dynamic oil pressure sensor with a measuring frequency of 20kHz, a measuring error of less than 1%, a working temperature of -45 ⁇ 120°C, and a range of -0.1 ⁇ 6MPa is adopted.
- the scope of application can meet the requirements of high temperature, oil pollution and strong electromagnetic environment inside the power transformer.
- the present invention uses a flow meter with a measurement frequency of 100 Hz or more, a measurement error of less than 1%, a working temperature of -30 to 80°C, and a flow rate range of -20 to 20 m/s for measurement.
- the meter can realize real-time measurement of the oil flow velocity without destroying the structural integrity of the transformer oil pillow connecting pipe.
- the high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter can meet the high temperature and strong electromagnetic environment requirements of the power transformer body in terms of accuracy and range of use. .
- the present invention uses an acceleration sensor with a measurement frequency of 10kHz or more, a measurement error of less than 1%, a working temperature of -40 to 80°C, and an acceleration range of -1000 to 1000g for measurement.
- the high-frequency dynamic acceleration sensor can be used without damage
- the real-time measurement of the acceleration of the transformer body is realized under the premise of the structural integrity of the transformer body.
- the acceleration sensor can meet the high temperature and strong electromagnetic environment requirements of the power transformer body in terms of accuracy and use range.
- the present invention physically connects and cooperates with the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module, the signal conditioning and acquisition module, and the digital processing analysis module.
- the monitoring device is controlled according to the on-line monitoring principle and functional requirements to realize the measurement, calculation, recording, communication and other operations of the transient non-electricity information of the tested transformer.
- the present invention originally proposes a transformer monitoring device and method based on comprehensive non-electricity characteristic information.
- the application of the present invention is for transformer operators to obtain real-time, accurate and reliable transient information of each non-electricity characteristic of the transformer, and to evaluate the safe operation status of the transformer. It has important engineering practical significance.
- the device of the invention can operate reliably for a long time, is not affected by strong electromagnetic and oily environment, has the advantages of fast response rate and high measurement frequency, does not inject harmonics into the power system during operation, and does not affect the normality of primary and secondary equipment in the substation run.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a flow chart of oil pressure monitoring of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a flow chart of the oil flow monitoring of the present invention.
- Figure 4 is a flow chart of acceleration monitoring of the present invention.
- Figure 5 shows the verification result of the acceleration characteristic monitoring test of the transformer online monitoring device based on the comprehensive characteristic information of non-electricity.
- Figure 6 shows the verification results of the oil pressure characteristic monitoring test of the transformer on-line monitoring device based on non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information.
- Figure 7 shows the verification results of the oil flow characteristic monitoring test of the transformer on-line monitoring device based on non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information.
- the present invention includes a transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, a transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, a transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module, a signal conditioning and acquisition module, a digital processing analysis module, a data storage module, and a man-machine Dialogue module and data communication interface module; transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, and transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module are all connected with signal conditioning and acquisition module, signal conditioning and acquisition module, data storage The module, the man-machine dialogue module and the data communication interface module are all connected with the digital processing analysis module;
- the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module is composed of several high frequency dynamic oil pressure sensors and their communication cables.
- the high-frequency dynamic oil pressure sensor is installed on the transformer body, and the sensor end probe needs to be in direct contact with the transformer insulating oil to measure the internal oil pressure change characteristics at different positions of the transformer, and use the communication cable to output an analog voltage signal.
- the transient oil flow characteristic measurement module is composed of an externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter, a flowmeter transmitter and a communication cable.
- the externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter is installed on the transformer oil pillow connection pipe (100mm in front of the gas relay ⁇ 300mm).
- the externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter is connected with the flowmeter transmitter, and the flowmeter transmitter is connected with the communication cable.
- the externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter is used to measure the characteristics of the transient oil flow changes in the transformer oil pillow connecting pipe in real time and at a high speed, and the flowmeter transmitter and the communication cable are used to output the corresponding analog current signal.
- the measurement frequency of the high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter must be above 100Hz, the measurement error must be less than 1%, the operating temperature must reach -30 ⁇ 80°C, and the flow rate range must reach -20 ⁇ 20m /s.
- the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module is composed of several acceleration sensors, transmitters and communication cables.
- the acceleration sensor is strongly magnetically attached to the outer wall of the transformer body, the acceleration sensor is connected with the transmitter, and the transmitter is connected with the communication cable.
- the acceleration sensor is used to measure the transient acceleration change characteristics of the transformer body in real-time and high-speed, and the corresponding analog voltage signal is output by the transmitter and the communication cable.
- the measurement frequency of the acceleration sensor needs to reach 10kHz or more, the measurement error needs to be less than 1%, the operating temperature needs to reach -40 ⁇ 80°C, and the acceleration range needs to reach -1000 ⁇ 1000g.
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module is composed of wiring terminals, signal conditioning circuits, low-pass filters, signal sampling circuits and analog-to-digital A/D conversion circuits.
- the terminal is connected to the signal conditioning circuit, the signal conditioning circuit is connected to the low-pass filter, the low-pass filter is connected to the signal sampling circuit, the signal sampling circuit is connected to the analog-to-digital A/D conversion circuit, and the terminal is also connected to transient oil pressure
- the communication cables of the characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module and the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module are connected.
- the signal conditioning and acquisition module is used to receive the analog voltage/current signals output by the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, and the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module, and convert them into a digital processing analysis module Standard digital signals that can be identified, and then output standard digital signals;
- the digital processing analysis module is composed of bus, central processing unit (CPU), GPS synchronous clock, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM) and control circuit.
- the central processing unit (CPU), GPS synchronization clock, random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM) and control circuit are all connected to the bus.
- the analog-to-digital A/D conversion circuit is connected to the bus.
- the bus includes a data bus, an address bus, and a control bus to realize data exchange and operation control.
- the central processing unit (CPU) is the command center of the digital processing and analysis module, which can quickly realize digital signal processing in real time through devices such as a single-chip microprocessor, general-purpose microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP).
- DSP digital signal processor
- the GPS synchronization clock is adopted to realize the strict synchronous sampling requirements of the equipment in the substation and in the system.
- Random Access Memory (RAM) is used to temporarily store a large amount of temporary data that needs to be exchanged quickly, including data information input by signal conditioning and acquisition modules, and intermediate results of calculation processing.
- ROM Read only memory
- the control circuit uses a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to realize the effective connection and coordination of the entire digital circuit.
- the digital processing analysis module is used to realize data exchange and operation control, execute monitoring algorithms, complete digital signal processing tasks, and direct the normal operation of connected modules, so as to realize transient oil pressure inside the fuel tank, transient oil flow inside the oil pillow connecting pipe, and On-line monitoring of the transient acceleration of the body and the evaluation function of the transformer operating state.
- the data storage module is composed of primary and secondary flash memory (Flash Memory).
- the main and secondary flash memory are used as the main memory and backup memory of the online monitoring device.
- the man-machine dialogue module includes a compact keyboard, display, indicator lights, buttons, and printer interface. It is used to establish the information connection between the online monitoring device and the user, so that the operator can manually operate, debug and obtain information feedback on the online monitoring device.
- the data communication interface module complies with the IEC 61850 communication protocol, and uses Ethernet to realize information exchange, data transmission, remote operation, and remote maintenance with other equipment and the main station.
- the monitoring method of the transformer monitoring device based on the above-mentioned non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information is: the measurement, recording, calculation and analysis of transient oil pressure, oil flow, body acceleration, and real-time monitoring and reliable evaluation of the transformer's operating status are implemented.
- the process is as follows:
- the transformer monitoring device is controlled according to the online monitoring principle and functional requirements to realize the measurement, calculation, recording, communication and status evaluation of the measured transformer transient oil pressure. .
- the specific process is as follows:
- the start threshold p st can usually be set to 35kPa. If the instantaneous oil pressure p ms.n (t) at any measuring point is greater than or equal to the starting threshold p st , that is, formula (1) is established, then proceed to step 5; if all measuring points are lower than the starting threshold p st , the formula ( 1) If it is not established, it indicates that the oil pressure inside the transformer is normal, and proceed to step 7.
- T p is the length of the data window, which can be 5ms.
- f p is the sampling frequency of the oil pressure signal of the acquisition module.
- Determine the size of the operating oil pressure p op.n (t) and the overpressure alarm threshold p th.1 , p th.1 can usually be set to 70kPa, if the operating oil pressure p op.n (t) is greater than or equal to the overpressure alarm Threshold p th.1 , that is, when formula (3) is established, an overvoltage warning is issued inside the transformer; if the operating oil pressure p op.n (t) is less than the overvoltage alarm threshold, that is, formula (3) is not established, then go to step 6.
- p th.2 can usually be set to 55kPa, if p op.n (t) is greater than or equal to the quasi-overpressure warning Threshold p th.2 , that is, formula (4) is established, a quasi-overpressure warning inside the fuel tank is issued; if p op.n (t) is less than the quasi-overpressure warning threshold p th.2 , that is, formula (4) is not established, it will be displayed The oil pressure inside the oil tank is normal.
- the transformer monitoring device when performing online monitoring and evaluation of transformer oil flow, the transformer monitoring device is controlled in accordance with the principles and functional requirements of online monitoring to realize the measurement, calculation, recording, communication and status evaluation of the transient oil flow of the transformer under test. .
- the specific process is as follows:
- the preset starting threshold v st can be selected within the flow rate range of 0.2 to 0.4 m/s according to the inner diameter of the oil pillow connecting pipe. If the instantaneous oil flow v ms (t) is greater than or equal to the preset starting threshold v st , that is, formula (5) is established, then go to step 5; if it is less than the preset starting threshold v st , that is, formula (5) is not established, then the transformer oil The flow is normal, go to step 7.
- T v is the length of the data window, which can be 50 ms.
- f v is the sampling frequency of the oil flow signal of the acquisition module.
- the over-current alarm threshold v th.1 can usually be set to 0.7m/s.
- the quasi-overcurrent warning threshold v th.2 can usually be set to 0.5m/s, if v op (t) is greater than or equal to Quasi-overcurrent warning threshold v th.2 , that is, formula (8) is established, then a transformer quasi-overcurrent warning is issued; if v op (t) is less than the quasi-overcurrent warning threshold v th.2 , that is, formula (8) is not established, then Shows that the transformer oil flow is normal.
- the transformer monitoring device when performing online monitoring and evaluation of the transformer body acceleration, the transformer monitoring device is controlled according to the online monitoring principle and functional requirements to realize the measurement, calculation, recording, communication and status evaluation of the measured transformer transient acceleration.
- the specific process is as follows:
- the starting threshold a st can usually be set to 25g. If the instantaneous acceleration a ms.n (t) of any measuring point is greater than or equal to the starting threshold a st , that is, formula (9) is established, then go to step 5; if it is less than the starting threshold a st , that is, formula (9) is not established, the transformer body vibrates Normal, go to step 7.
- T a is the length of the data window, which can be 1ms.
- f a is the sampling frequency of the acceleration signal of the acquisition module.
- a th.1 can usually be set to 100g, if the action acceleration a op.n (t) is greater than or equal to the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 , that is, if formula (11) is established, a transformer over-vibration warning will be issued; if the action acceleration a op.n (t) is less than the over-vibration alarm threshold, that is, formula (11) is not established, go to step 6.
- a th.2 can usually be set to 50g, if a op.n (t) is greater than or equal to the quasi-over-vibration early warning threshold a th.2 , the transformer quasi-over-vibration warning is issued; if a op.n (t) is less than the quasi-over-vibration warning threshold a th.2 , it indicates that the transformer body is vibrating normally.
- the present invention passes through the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient oil flow characteristic quantity measurement module, the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module, the signal conditioning and acquisition module, the digital processing analysis module, the data storage module, the man-machine dialogue module and
- the data communication interface module performs physical connection and functional coordination to form an online monitoring device for power transformers based on non-electricity comprehensive characteristic information.
- the device is controlled in accordance with the online monitoring principle and functional requirements to realize the measurement, calculation, recording, communication and other operations of the transient oil pressure, oil flow and body acceleration of the tested transformer.
- the present invention uses the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module to measure the internal oil pressure change characteristics at different positions of the transformer. Since the transient oil pressure characteristic quantity measurement module is independent of the power network, the measurement of the oil pressure characteristic and the signal transmission suffer less interference. It also does not inject harmonics into the power system; data acquisition components and oil pressure calculation and analysis components can fully meet the requirements for fast, real-time processing of multi-channel, high-frequency data.
- the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, reliability and high efficiency.
- a high-frequency dynamic oil pressure sensor with a measuring frequency of 20kHz, a measuring error of less than 1%, a working temperature of -45 ⁇ 120°C, and a range of -0.1 ⁇ 6MPa is adopted.
- the scope of application can meet the requirements of high temperature, oil pollution and strong electromagnetic environment inside the power transformer.
- the present invention adopts an externally bundled high frequency ultrasonic flowmeter with a measurement frequency of 100 Hz or more, a measurement error of less than 1%, a working temperature of -30 to 80°C, and a flow rate range of -20 to 20 m/s.
- the high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter can meet the requirements of high temperature, oil pollution and strong electromagnetic environment inside the power transformer in terms of accuracy and range of use.
- the externally bundled high-frequency ultrasonic flowmeter can realize real-time measurement of the oil flow inside the oil pillow connecting pipe without damaging the existing structural integrity of the transformer.
- the present invention realizes real-time measurement of body acceleration through the transient acceleration characteristic quantity measurement module without destroying the structural integrity of the transformer body; the online monitoring device involved in the present invention is independent of the power network, and the acceleration characteristic measurement and signal transmission are interfered with It is small and does not inject harmonics into the power system; data acquisition components and acceleration calculation analysis components can fully meet the requirements of fast, real-time processing of multi-channel, high-frequency data.
- the invention has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, reliability and high efficiency.
- the present invention uses an acceleration sensor with a measurement frequency of 10kHz or more, a measurement error of less than 1%, a working temperature of -40 to 80°C, and an acceleration range of -1000 to 1000g for measurement. Range of use
- the acceleration sensor can meet the high temperature and strong electromagnetic environment requirements of the power transformer.
- the action oil pressure and action oil flow that can completely characterize the average kinetic energy of the oil pressure, oil flow and acceleration inside the transformer are obtained.
- Action acceleration by comparing with the preset non-electricity start, alarm, and pre-alarm thresholds, real-time monitoring and reliable evaluation of the non-electricity safety level inside the transformer is realized.
- the application of the present invention has important engineering practical significance for transformer operators to obtain real-time, accurate and reliable non-electrical characteristic transient information of the transformer and evaluate the safe operating state of the transformer.
- the device of the invention can operate reliably for a long time, is not affected by strong electromagnetic and oily environment, has the advantages of fast response rate and high measurement frequency, does not inject harmonics into the power system during operation, and does not affect the normality of primary and secondary equipment in the substation run. No relevant research, reports and products have been seen at home or abroad.
- the SFSZ8-40000/110 three-phase three-winding transformer was used as a test platform to conduct field tests to illustrate the effect of the present invention.
- the main geometric structure and nameplate parameters of this type of transformer are shown in Table 1.
- Figure 5 when the transformer is in normal operation (t ⁇ 0ms), the transformer box does not vibrate significantly.
- the action accelerations a op.1 , a op.2 , a op. 3 are far less than the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 and the quasi-over-vibration early warning threshold a th.2 , the device will not issue an alarm or warning signal, and show that the transformer body is vibrating normally.
- the action acceleration a op.1 obtained by the device of the present invention measured and calculated is greater than the quasi-over-vibration early warning threshold a th.2 , and the device of the present invention will issue a quasi-over-vibration early warning.
- the action acceleration a op.1 obtained by the measurement and calculation of the device of the present invention is greater than the over-vibration alarm threshold a th.1 , and the device of the present invention will issue a transformer over-vibration warning.
- Table 1 The main geometric structure and nameplate parameters of SFSZ8-40000/110 transformer
- the operating oil pressure p op.1 obtained by the measurement operation of the device of the present invention is first greater than the quasi-overpressure warning threshold p th.2 , and the device of the present invention will issue a quasi-overpressure warning.
- the operating oil pressure p op.1 obtained by the measurement and calculation of the device of the present invention is first greater than the overvoltage alarm threshold p th.1 , and the device of the present invention will issue a transformer overvoltage warning.
- the operating oil flow v op obtained by the measurement and calculation of the device of the present invention is greater than the quasi-overcurrent warning threshold v th.2 , and the device of the present invention will issue a quasi-overcurrent warning.
- the operating oil flow v op obtained by the measurement operation of the device of the present invention is greater than the overcurrent alarm threshold v th.1 , and the device of the present invention will issue a transformer overcurrent warning.
- the field test results show that the device of the present invention can sense and acquire the sudden change of oil flow characteristics in the oil sleeper connecting pipe of the oil-immersed power transformer, the sudden change of acceleration of the transformer box, and the change characteristics of the internal oil pressure of the transformer in a very short time.
- the current operation of the transformer is evaluated Status and safety level. Provide important reference data and judgment basis for on-site operators and transformer manufacturers.
Abstract
一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,包括瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块、信号调理与采集模块以及数字处理分析模块;瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块均和信号调理与采集模块相连,信号调理与采集模块和数字处理分析模块相连。还公开一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测方法。该装置和方法综合利用变压器内部多个非电量瞬态特征信息,计算表征变压器运行状态的动作油压值、动作油流值、动作加速度值,通过与预设非电量启动、报警、预报警门槛进行比较,实现对变压器内部各非电量安全水平的实时监测和可靠评估。该装置独立于电力网络,具有构成简单、易于实现、可靠准确等优点。
Description
本发明属于电力系统领域,涉及一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置及方法,用于测量、记录、分析油浸式电力变压器内部瞬态油压、油流、加速度等非电气量信息,并以此实现对电力变压器的实时监测及其运行状态的可靠评估。
作为一种关键的电力主设备,变压器在电力系统中占有举足轻重的地位,它的稳定运行是保证整个电力系统电能可靠传输、灵活分配及安全使用的重要前提。尤其是安装于系统枢纽位置的大型电力变压器,因其电压等级高、容量大、结构复杂、造价高昂,一旦发生故障将会对电力系统供电可靠性和运行稳定性带来严重影响,而因故障发生损坏势必造成巨大的经济损失。
作为石油提取物的变压器油具有绝缘性能好、粘度较低、传热性能好且制造成本低等优点。自19世纪末起,电力变压器便开始填充这种烷烃类重油作为冷却和绝缘介质使用。除了一些特殊用途的中小容量变压器以及个别气体绝缘变压器外,使用变压器油作为填充物的油浸式变压器广泛应用在不同容量、电压等级要求下的电力系统中。
油浸式电力变压器在运行过程中,其运行状态与油箱内部油压、油流及本体加速度等非电量特征之间存在紧密联系,通过测量、运算、分析这些非电量特征可以实现对变压器运行状态及健康情况的监测与评估。
其一,对于变压器内部油压特征而言,当油浸式电力变压器内部发生严重过热或电弧故障时,液态绝缘油将被瞬间汽化、分解形成具有一定体积的高内能气泡。在故障电能的持续注入下,故障气泡内压也不断升高,同时由于故障点附近液态绝缘油存在膨胀惰性,故障气 泡与周围液态绝缘油之间的气液相界面必然产生显著的压力升高,并以压力波的形式在变压器油箱内部传播,导致油箱内部油压的整体骤升。当变压器内部发生过热故障时,绝缘油温度的上升同样会导致绝缘油油压的变化。另一方面,当变压器发生外部短路故障时,故障点位于变压器出口处,对于油箱内部压力的影响仅体现在短路穿越电流引起的绕组振动上。同时,由于绕组的机械应变将消耗大量能量,因此该过程引起的油压变化有限。与外部故障类似,变压器正常运行、励磁涌流均为电流流过绕组产生振动引发油压变化。因此,针对变压器油箱内部油压的实时测量、记录、运算、分析对于变压器运维人员评估变压器安全运行状态具有重要的参考价值。
其二,对于变压器内部油流特征而言,当变压器正常运行时,造成变压器内部油流流动的主要原因有以下两个方面:由于温度差异而产生的变压器油自然对流以及冷却系统油泵强制变压器油循环。当变压器发生内部短路故障时,在故障电弧加热与电离的共同作用下,故障点附近大量绝缘油汽化、分解形成具有一定体积的压缩气泡。故障气泡体积上的扩张将迫使一部分绝缘油向变压器油枕涌动,同时故障气泡在上浮、分裂过程中也将形成持续的气-液两相流涌入油箱顶部连接管。因此,内部短路故障条件下,变压器油箱内部油流特征将发生明显变化,尤其是位于主油箱与油枕之间的连接管,其内部油流涌动特征更为显著。当变压器发生外部短路时,短路故障电流穿越绕组引起绕组及内部金属构件的形变及振动是造成油流变化的主要原因。由于变压器整个内部结构完全浸没于变压器绝缘油中,绕组等构件在外部短路电流冲击作用下发生振动势必引起固、液相界面的相对位移,从而导致油箱内部流场的显著变化。因此,针对变压器油枕连接管内部油流进行实时测量、记录、运算、分析对于变压器运维人员获取变压器油枕连接管内瞬态油流特征,评估变压器安全运行状态具有重要的参考价值。
其三,对于变压器本体加速度特征而言,当油浸式电力变压器发生内部故障时,电弧的 产生将使故障点处绝缘油瞬间汽化形成油蒸汽气泡,由于周围绝缘油存在膨胀惰性,气泡内压强随故障的持续而剧增,其产生的压力波在变压器内部构件的折反射传播导致油箱内部压力的骤升,同时导致变压器本体结构上的形变与振动。鉴于变压器本体的瞬态应变特征难以获取,因此实时监测其振动加速度特征便可以评估变压的形变或损坏程度。此外,由于变压器铁芯、绕组均与本体存在物理结构上的连接,铁芯和绕组的振动特征同样会在本体的加速度特征上表现出来。针对变压器本体加速度进行实时测量、记录、运算、分析对于变压器运维人员评估变压器本体、铁芯以及绕组的安全运行状态具有重要的参考价值。
综上所示,针对油浸式电力变压器内部油压、油流及本体加速度等非电量信息进行实时测量、记录、运算、分析,可以实现对变压器运行状态、健康情况的实时监测和可靠评估,具有重要的工程实用价值和意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置及方法,用于测量、记录、分析油浸式电力变压器内部瞬态油压、油流、加速度等非电量信息,并以此评估变压器运行状态。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下的技术方案:
一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,包括瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块、信号调理与采集模块以及数字处理分析模块;瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块均和信号调理与采集模块相连,信号调理与采集模块与数字处理分析模块相连;
瞬态油压特征量测量模块用于测量变压器不同位置的内部油压变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;
瞬态油流特征量测量模块用于实时高速测量变压器油枕连接管内部瞬态油流变化特征, 并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;
瞬态加速度特征量测量模块用于测量变压器本体瞬态加速度变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;
信号调理与采集模块用于接收瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;
数字处理分析模块用于接收标准数字信号后,执行监测算法,完成数字信号处理任务,从而实现对油箱内部瞬态油压、油枕连接管内部瞬态油流以及本体瞬态加速度的在线监测与变压器运行状态评估功能。
本发明进一步的改进在于,瞬态油压特征量测量模块由若干高频动态油压传感器及其通信线缆组成;高频动态油压传感器安装在变压器本体上,传感器端部探头直接与变压器绝缘油相接触,以测量变压器不同位置的内部油压变化特征,并利用通信线缆输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;其中,高频动态油压传感器的测量频率为20kHz,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-45~120℃,量程为-0.1~6MPa。
本发明进一步的改进在于,瞬态油流特征量测量模块由外捆式高频超声波流量计、流量计变送器以及通信线缆组成,外捆式高频超声波流量计与流量计变送器相连,流量计变送器与通信线缆相连;外捆式高频超声波流量计安装在变压器油枕连接管上;其中,外捆式高频超声波流量计的测量频率为100Hz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-30~80℃,流速量程为-20~20m/s;外捆式高频超声波流量计安装在瓦斯继电器前方100mm~300mm处。
本发明进一步的改进在于,瞬态加速度特征量测量模块由若干个加速度传感器、变送器以及通信线缆组成,加速度传感器强磁吸附在变压器本体外壁上,加速度传感器与变送器相连,变送器与通信线缆相连;其中,加速度传感器的测量频率为10kHz以上,测量误差小于 1%,工作温度为-40~80℃,加速度量程为-1000~1000g;
信号调理与采集模块由接线端子、信号调理电路、低通滤波器、信号采样电路以及模数A/D转换电路组成;接线端子与信号调理电路相连,信号调理电路相连与低通滤波器相连,低通滤波器与信号采样电路相连,信号采样电路与模数A/D转换电路相连,接线端子还与瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块相连。
本发明进一步的改进在于,数字处理分析模块包括总线、中央处理器、GPS同步时钟、随机存储器以及控制电路;中央处理器、GPS同步时钟、随机存储器、只读存储器以及控制电路均与总线相连;模数A/D转换电路与总线相连;总线包括数据总线、地址总线以及控制总线,实现数据交换和操作控制;中央处理器为单片微处理器、通用微处理器或数字信号处理器,实时实现数字信号处理;GPS同步时钟用于实现变电站内、系统各场站装置同步采样要求;随机存储器用于暂存临时数据;只读存储器用于保存数据;控制电路利用现场可编程门阵列实现整个数字电路的连接和协调工作。
本发明进一步的改进在于,还包括与数字处理分析模块相连的数据存储模块、人机对话模块以及数据通信接口模块;
数据存储模块用于存储数据;
人机对话模块用于建立数字式保护装置与使用者之间的信息联系,以便运行人员对保护装置的人工操作、调试以及得到信息反馈;
数据通信接口模块利用以太网实现与其他设备以及总站之间的信息交互、数据传输、远方操作以及远程维护。
本发明进一步的改进在于,人机对话模块包括紧凑键盘、显示屏、指示灯、按钮以及打印机接口;
数据存储模块由主、副闪存存储器组成;主、副闪存存储器作为主存储器及备用存储器 使用;
数据通信接口模块遵循IEC 61850通信协议,利用以太网实现与其他设备以及总站之间的信息交互、数据传输、远方操作以及远程维护。
一种基于上述的非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置的监测方法,分别进行瞬态油压、油流、本体加速的测量、记录、运算以及分析,实现对变压器运行状态的实时监测与可靠评估,具体过程如下包括以下步骤:
1)针对瞬态油压特征的测量、记录、运算、分析的具体步骤为:
①瞬态油压特征量测量模块用于测量变压器内部不同位置的油压变化特征,即读取当前时刻t下变压器内部n个测点油压p
ms.n(t),n为1,2,3……;并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;信号调理与采集模块用于接收瞬态油压特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;
②数字处理分析模块接收标准数字信号后判断每个测点瞬时油压p
ms.n(t)与预设启动门槛p
st的大小,若任一测点瞬时油压p
ms.n(t)大于等于预设启动门槛p
st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤③;若全部测点油压均小于预设启动门槛p
st,即式(1)不成立,则显示变压器内部油压正常,进入步骤⑤;
p
ms.n(t)-p
st≥0 (1)
③利用下式计算各个测点t时刻的动作油压p
op.n(t):
式(2)中,T为数据窗长度,f为采集模块的信号采样频率;
判断动作油压p
op.n(t)与过压报警门槛p
th.1的大小,若动作油压p
op.n(t)大于等于过压报警门槛p
th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器内部过压警示,进入步骤⑤;若动作油压p
op.n(t)小于过压报警门槛,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤④;
p
op.n(t)-p
th.1≥0 (3)
④判断动作油压p
op.n(t)与准过压预警门槛p
th.2的大小,若p
op.n(t)大于等于准过压预警门槛p
th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出油箱内部准过压预警,进入步骤⑤;若p
op.n(t)小于准过压预警门槛p
th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示油箱内部油压正常;
p
op.n(t)-p
th.2≥0 (4)
⑤存储测量得到的油压数据,并将油压数据通信至总站;
⑥在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位;若未发现装置故障,返回步骤①,重新读取下一时刻油压p
ms.n(t+1)。
2)针对瞬态油流特征的测量、记录、运算、分析的具体步骤为:
①瞬态油流特征量测量模块实时高速测量变压器油枕连接管内部瞬态油流变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;
信号调理与采集模块接收瞬态油流特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;
②数字处理分析模块接收标准数字信号后判断瞬时流速v
ms(t)与预设启动门槛v
st的大小;若瞬时油流v
ms(t)大于等于预设启动门槛v
st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤③;若小于预设启动门槛v
st,即式(1)不成立,则显示变压器油流正常,进入步骤⑤;
v
ms(t)-v
st≥0 (1)
③利用下式计算t时刻的动作油流v
op(t):
式(2)中,T为数据窗长度,f为采集模块的信号采样频率;
判断动作油流v
op(t)与过流报警门槛v
th.1的大小,若动作油流v
op(t)大于等于过流报警门槛v
th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器过流警示,进入步骤⑤;若动作油流v
op(t)小于过流报警 门槛v
th.1,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤④;
v
op(t)-v
th.1≥0 (3)
④判断动作油流v
op(t)与准过流预警门槛v
th.2的大小,若大于等于准过流预警门槛v
th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出变压器准过流预警,进入步骤⑤;若小于准过流预警门槛v
th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示变压器油流正常;
v
op(t)-v
th.2≥0 (4)
⑤存储测量得到的油流数据,并将数据通信至总站;
⑥在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位;若未发现装置故障,返回步骤①,重新读取下一时刻油流流速v
ms(t+1)。
3)针对瞬态加速度特征的测量、记录、运算、分析的具体步骤为:
①瞬态加速度特征量测量模块测量变压器本体瞬态加速度变化特征,即当前时刻t下变压器本体n个测点加速度a
ms.n(t),n为1,2,3……;并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;信号调理与采集模块接收瞬态加速度特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;
②数字处理分析模块接收到的标准数字信号后判断瞬时加速度a
ms.n(t)与预设启动门槛a
st的大小;
若任一测点瞬时加速度a
ms.n(t)大于等于预设启动门槛a
st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤③;若小于预设启动门槛a
st,即式(1)不成立,变压器本体振动正常,进入步骤⑤;
a
ms.n(t)-a
st≥0 (1)
③利用下式计算各个测点t时刻的动作加速度a
op.n(t):
式(2)中,T为数据窗长度,f为采集模块的信号采样频率;
判断动作加速度a
op.n(t)与过振报警门槛a
th.1的大小,若动作加速度a
op.n(t)大于等于过振报警门槛a
th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器过振警示,进入步骤⑤;若动作加速度a
op.n(t)小于过振报警门槛a
th.1,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤④;
a
op.n(t)-a
th.1≥0 (3)
④判断动作加速度a
op.n(t)与准过振预警门槛a
th.2的大小,若a
op.n(t)大于等于准过振预警门槛a
th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出变压器准过振预警,进入步骤⑤;若a
op.n(t)小于准过振预警门槛a
th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示变压器本体振动正常;
a
op.n(t)-a
th.2≥0 (4)
⑤存储测量得到的加速度数据,并将加速度数据通信至总站;
⑥在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位;若未发现装置故障,返回步骤①,重新读取下一时刻加速度a
ms.n(t+1)。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤1)中的步骤②中,预设启动门槛p
st设定为35kPa;步骤③中,数据窗长度T为5×10
-3s,过压报警门槛p
th.1为70kPa;步骤④中,准过压预警门槛p
th.2为55kPa。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤2)中步骤②中,预设启动门槛v
st为0.2~0.4m/s;步骤③中,过流报警门槛v
th.1设定为0.7m/s;步骤③中,数据窗长度T为0.02s;步骤④中,准过流预警门槛v
th.2为0.5m/s;
步骤3)中的步骤②中,预设启动门槛a
st设定为2.5g;步骤③中,数据窗长度T为1×10
-3s,过振报警门槛a
th.1为20g;步骤④中,准过振预警门槛a
th.2为10g。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果:
本发明中通过瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块测量变压器不同位置的内部油压、油枕连接管内油流、本体加速度等非电量特征,无论从精度还是使用范围都能满足电力变压器内部高温、油污、强电磁环境要求;本发明的在线监测装置独立于电力网络,各非电量特征的测量和信号传输所受干扰较小,亦不向电力系统注入谐波;数字处理分析模块完全能够满足快速、实时处理多通路、高频数据的要求。本发明具有构成简单、易于实现、可靠高效等优点。
进一步的,本发明中采用测量频率为20kHz,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-45~120℃,量程为-0.1~6MPa的高频动态油压传感器,高频动态油压传感器无论从精度还是使用范围都能满足电力变压器内部高温、油污、强电磁环境要求。
进一步的,本发明通过采用测量频率为100Hz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-30~80℃,流速量程为-20~20m/s的流量计进行测量,外捆式高频超声波流量计可以在不破坏变压器油枕连接管结构完整性的前提下实现对油流流速的实时测量,同时,无论从精度还是使用范围高频超声波流量计都能满足电力变压器本体高温、强电磁环境要求。
进一步的,本发明通过采用测量频率为10kHz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-40~80℃,加速度量程为-1000~1000g的加速度传感器进行测量,高频动态加速度传感器可以在不破坏变压器本体结构完整性的前提下实现对本体加速度的实时测量,同时,无论从精度还是使用范围加速度传感器都能满足电力变压器本体高温、强电磁环境要求。
本发明在监测时,通过对瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块、信号调理与采集模块以及数字处理分析模块进行物理连接及功能配合,组成基于非电量综合特征信息分析的电力变压器在线监测评估装置。同时,按照在线监测原理及功能要求对监测装置进行控制,实现对被测变压器瞬态非电量信息的测量、运算、记录、通信等操作。通过对变压器内部多个测点瞬态油压、油流、加速度数据的滤波及积分运算, 获取能够完整表征变压器内部油压、油流、加速度平均动能的动作油压、动作油流、动作加速度,通过与预设非电量启动、报警、预报警门槛进行比较,实现对变压器内部各非电量安全水平的实时监测和可靠评估。本发明原创性地提出了一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置及方法,本发明的应用对于变压器运行人员实时、准确、可靠获取变压器各非电量特征瞬态信息、评估变压器安全运行状态具有重要的工程实用意义。本发明装置能够长期可靠运行,不受强电磁、油污环境影响,具有响应速率快、测量频率高的优点,运行过程中不向电力系统注入谐波,不影响变电站内一次、二次设备的正常运行。
图1为本发明的装置结构原理图。
图2为本发明的油压监测流程图。
图3为本发明的油流监测流程图。
图4为本发明的加速度监测流程图。
图5为基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器在线监测装置加速度特征监测试验验证结果。
图6为基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器在线监测装置油压特征监测试验验证结果。
图7为基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器在线监测装置油流特征监测试验验证结果。
下面结合附图对本发明进行详细说明。
参见图1,本发明包括瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块、信号调理与采集模块、数字处理分析模块、数据存储模块、人机对话模块以及数据通信接口模块;瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块均和信号调理与采集模块相连,信号调理与采集模块、数据存储模块、人机对话模块以及数据通信接口模块均与数字处理分析模块相连;
瞬态油压特征量测量模块由若干个高频动态油压传感器及其通信线缆组成。高频动态油压传感器安装在变压器本体上,传感器端部探头需直接与变压器绝缘油相接触,以测量变压器不同位置的内部油压变化特征,并利用通信线缆输出模拟电压信号。
瞬态油流特征量测量模块由外捆式高频超声波流量计、流量计变送器以及通信线缆组成,外捆式高频超声波流量计安装在变压器油枕连接管上(瓦斯继电器前方100mm~300mm处)。外捆式高频超声波流量计与流量计变送器相连,流量计变送器与通信线缆相连。利用外捆式高频超声波流量计实时高速测量变压器油枕连接管内部瞬态油流变化特征,利用流量计变送器和通信线缆输出与之相对应的模拟电流信号。为确保对变压器油流的准确、实时获取,高频超声波流量计的测量频率需达到100Hz以上,测量误差需小于1%,工作温度需达到-30~80℃,流速量程需达到-20~20m/s。
瞬态加速度特征量测量模块由若干个加速度传感器、变送器以及通信线缆组成。加速度传感器强磁吸附在变压器本体外壁上,加速度传感器与变送器相连,变送器与通信线缆相连。利用加速度传感器实时高速测量变压器本体瞬态加速度变化特征,利用变送器和通信线缆输出与之相对应的模拟电压信号。加速度传感器的测量频率需达到10kHz以上,测量误差需小于1%,工作温度需达到-40~80℃,加速度量程需达到-1000~1000g。
信号调理与采集模块由接线端子、信号调理电路、低通滤波器、信号采样电路以及模数A/D转换电路组成。接线端子与信号调理电路相连,信号调理电路相连与低通滤波器相连,低通滤波器与信号采样电路相连,信号采样电路与模数A/D转换电路相连,接线端子还与瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块的通信线缆相连。
信号调理与采集模块用于接收瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够 识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;
数字处理分析模块由总线、中央处理器(CPU)、GPS同步时钟、随机存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)以及控制电路组成。中央处理器(CPU)、GPS同步时钟、随机存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)以及控制电路均与总线相连。模数A/D转换电路与总线相连。总线包括数据总线、地址总线、控制总线,实现数据交换和操作控制等。中央处理器(CPU)是数字处理分析模块的指挥中枢,可以通过单片微处理器、通用微处理器或数字信号处理器(DSP)等器件实时快速实现数字信号处理。采用GPS同步时钟,实现变电站内、系统各场站装置严格同步采样要求。随机存储器(RAM)用于暂存需要快速交换的大量临时数据,包括信号调理与采集模块输入的数据信息、计算处理过程的中间结果等。只读存储器(ROM)用于保护数据。控制电路利用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实现整个数字电路的有效连接和协调工作。数字处理分析模块用于实现数据交换及操作控制,执行监测算法,完成数字信号处理任务,指挥相连模块的正常运行,从而实现对油箱内部瞬态油压、油枕连接管内部瞬态油流以及本体瞬态加速度的在线监测与变压器运行状态评估功能。
数据存储模块由主、副闪存存储器(Flash Memory)组成。主、副闪存存储器作为在线监测装置的主存储器及备用存储器使用。
人机对话模块包括紧凑键盘、显示屏、指示灯、按钮以及打印机接口等。用于建立在线监测装置与使用者之间的信息联系,以便运行人员对在线监测装置的人工操作、调试以及得到信息反馈等。
数据通信接口模块遵循IEC 61850通信协议,利用以太网实现与其他设备以及总站之间的信息交互、数据传输、远方操作以及远程维护等。
基于上述非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置的监测方法为:分别进行瞬态油压、油流、本体加速的测量、记录、运算以及分析,实现对变压器运行状态的实时监测与可靠评估, 具体过程如下:
参见图2,在进行变压器油压在线监测评估时,按照在线监测原理及功能要求对变压器监测装置进行控制,实现对被测变压器瞬态油压的测量、运算、记录、通信以及状态评估等操作。具体过程如下:
①在线监测装置在合上电源(简称上电)或在硬件复位(简称复位)后,首先执行系统初始化,使整个装置处于正常工作状态。
②执行上电后的全面自检,对自身的工作状态进行正确性、完整性检测,若发现装置缺陷则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位。
③若通过自检,读取当前时刻t下变压器内部n个测点油压p
ms.n(t),n为1,2,3……。
④判断每个测点瞬时油压p
ms.n(t)与预设启动门槛p
st的大小,启动门槛p
st通常可设定为35kPa。若任一测点瞬时油压p
ms.n(t)大于等于启动门槛p
st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤⑤;若全部测点油压均小于启动门槛p
st,即式(1)不成立,则显示变压器内部油压正常,进入步骤⑦。
p
ms.n(t)-p
st≥0 (1)
⑤利用下式计算各个测点t时刻的动作油压p
op.n(t):
式(2)中,T
p为数据窗长度,可以取5ms。f
p为采集模块的油压信号采样频率。判断动作油压p
op.n(t)与过压报警门槛p
th.1的大小,p
th.1通常可设定为70kPa,若动作油压p
op.n(t)大于等于过压报警门槛p
th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器内部过压警示;若动作油压p
op.n(t)小于过压报警门槛,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤⑥。
p
op.n(t)-p
th.1≥0 (3)
⑥判断动作油压p
op.n(t)与准过压预警门槛p
th.2的大小,p
th.2通常可设定为55kPa,若p
op.n(t) 大于等于准过压预警门槛p
th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出油箱内部准过压预警;若p
op.n(t)小于准过压预警门槛p
th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示油箱内部油压正常。
p
op.n(t)-p
th.2≥0 (4)
⑦存储测量得到的油压数据,并将油压数据通信至总站。
⑧在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位。若未发现装置故障,返回步骤③,重新读取下一时刻油压p
ms.n(t+1)。
参见图3,在进行变压器油流在线监测评估时,按照在线监测原理及功能要求对变压器监测装置进行控制,实现对被测变压器瞬态油流的测量、运算、记录、通信以及状态评估等操作。具体过程如下:
①在线监测装置在合上电源(简称上电)或在硬件复位(简称复位)后,首先执行统初始化,使整个装置处于正常工作状态。
②执行上电后的全面自检,对自身的工作状态进行正确性、完整性检测,若发现装置缺陷则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位。
③若通过自检,读取当前时刻t下变压器油枕连接管油流v
ms(t)。
④判断瞬时油流v
ms(t)与预设启动门槛v
st的大小,预设启动门槛v
st可根据油枕连接管内径大小在0.2~0.4m/s的流速范围内选定。若瞬时油流v
ms(t)大于等于预设启动门槛v
st,即式(5)成立,则进入步骤⑤;若小于预设启动门槛v
st,即式(5)不成立,则显示变压器油流正常,进入步骤⑦。
v
ms(t)-v
st≥0 (5)
⑤利用下式计算t时刻的动作油流v
op(t):
式(6)中,T
v为数据窗长度,可以取50ms。f
v为采集模块的油流信号采样频率。判断 动作油流v
op(t)与过流报警门槛v
th.1的大小,过流报警门槛v
th.1通常可设定为0.7m/s,若动作油流v
op(t)大于等于过流报警门槛v
th.1,即式(7)成立,则发出变压器过流警示;若动作油流v
op(t)小于过流报警门槛v
th.1,即式(7)不成立,则进入步骤⑥。
v
op(t)-v
th.1≥0 (7)
⑥判断动作油流v
op(t)与准过流预警门槛v
th.2的大小,准过流预警门槛v
th.2通常可设定为0.5m/s,若v
op(t)大于等于准过流预警门槛v
th.2,即式(8)成立,则发出变压器准过流预警;若v
op(t)小于准过流预警门槛v
th.2,即式(8)不成立,则显示变压器油流正常。
v
op(t)-v
th.2≥0 (8)
⑦存储测量得到的油流数据,并将数据通信至总站。
⑧在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位。若未发现装置故障,返回步骤③,重新读取下一时刻油流v
ms(t+1)。
参见图4,在进行变压器本体加速度在线监测评估时,按照在线监测原理及功能要求对变压器监测装置进行控制,实现对被测变压器瞬态加速度的测量、运算、记录、通信以及状态评估等操作。具体过程如下:
①在线监测装置在合上电源(简称上电)或硬件复位(简称复位)后,首先执行系统初始化,使整个装置处于正常工作状态。
②执行上电后的全面自检,对自身的工作状态进行正确性、完整性检测,若发现装置缺陷则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位。
③若通过自检,读取当前时刻t下变压器本体n个测点加速度a
ms.n(t),n为1,2,3……。
④判断瞬时加速度a
ms.n(t)与预设启动门槛a
st的大小,启动门槛a
st通常可设定为25g。若任一测点瞬时加速度a
ms.n(t)大于等于启动门槛a
st,即式(9)成立,则进入步骤⑤;若小于启动门槛a
st,即式(9)不成立,变压器本体振动正常,进入步骤⑦。
a
ms.n(t)-a
st≥0 (9)
⑤利用下式计算各个测点t时刻的动作加速度a
op.n(t):
式(10)中,T
a为数据窗长度,可以取1ms。f
a为采集模块的加速度信号采样频率。判断动作加速度a
op.n(t)与过振报警门槛a
th.1的大小,a
th.1通常可设定为100g,若动作加速度a
op.n(t)大于等于过振报警门槛a
th.1,即式(11)成立,则发出变压器过振警示;若动作加速度a
op.n(t)小于过振报警门槛,即式(11)不成立,则进入步骤⑥。
a
op.n(t)-a
th.1≥0 (11)
⑥判断动作加速度a
op.n(t)与准过振预警门槛a
th.2的大小,a
th.2通常可设定为50g,若a
op.n(t)大于等于准过振预警门槛a
th.2,则发出变压器准过振预警;若a
op.n(t)小于准过振预警门槛a
th.2,则显示变压器本体振动正常。
a
op.n(t)-a
th.2≥0 (12)
⑦存储测量得到的加速度数据,并将加速度数据通信至总站。
⑧在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位。若未发现装置故障,返回步骤③,重新读取下一时刻加速度a
ms.n(t+1)。
本发明通过对瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块、信号调理与采集模块、数字处理分析模块、数据存储模块、人机对话模块以及数据通信接口模块进行物理连接及功能配合,组成基于非电量综合特征信息的电力变压器在线监测装置。同时,按照在线监测原理及功能要求对装置进行控制,实现对被测变压器瞬态油压、油流以及本体加速度的测量、运算、记录、通信等操作。
本发明通过瞬态油压特征量测量模块测量变压器不同位置的内部油压变化特征,由于瞬 态油压特征量测量模块独立于电力网络,油压特征的测量和信号传输所受干扰较小,亦不向电力系统注入谐波;数据采集元件、油压运算分析元件完全能够满足快速、实时处理多通路、高频数据的要求。本发明具有构成简单、易于实现、可靠高效等优点。
进一步的,本发明中采用测量频率为20kHz,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-45~120℃,量程为-0.1~6MPa的高频动态油压传感器,高频动态油压传感器无论从精度还是使用范围都能满足电力变压器内部高温、油污、强电磁环境要求。
进一步的,本发明采用测量频率为100Hz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-30~80℃,流速量程为-20~20m/s的外捆式高频超声波流量计,外捆式高频超声波流量计无论从精度还是使用范围都能满足电力变压器内部高温、油污、强电磁环境要求。通过外捆式高频超声波流量计在不破坏变压器现有结构完整性的前提下实现对油枕连接管内部油流进行实时测量。
本发明通过瞬态加速度特征量测量模块不破坏变压器本体结构完整性的前提下实现对本体加速度的实时测量;本发明涉及的在线监测装置独立于电力网络,加速度特征的测量和信号传输所受干扰较小,亦不向电力系统注入谐波;数据采集元件、加速度运算分析元件完全能够满足快速、实时处理多通路、高频数据的要求。本发明具有构成简单、易于实现、可靠高效等优点。
进一步的,本发明通过采用测量频率为10kHz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-40~80℃,加速度量程为-1000~1000g的加速度传感器进行测量,高频动态加速度传感器无论从精度还是使用范围加速度传感器都能满足电力变压器本体高温、强电磁环境要求。
进一步的,通过对变压器内部多个测点瞬态油压、油流、加速度数据的滤波及积分运算,获取能够完整表征变压器内部油压、油流、加速度平均动能的动作油压、动作油流、动作加速度,通过与预设非电量启动、报警、预报警门槛进行比较,实现对变压器内部各非电量安全水平的实时监测和可靠评估。本发明的应用对于变压器运行人员实时、准确、可靠获取变 压器各非电量特征瞬态信息、评估变压器安全运行状态具有重要的工程实用意义。本发明装置能够长期可靠运行,不受强电磁、油污环境影响,具有响应速率快、测量频率高的优点,运行过程中不向电力系统注入谐波,不影响变电站内一次、二次设备的正常运行。在国内、外未见相关研究、报道及产品。
以SFSZ8-40000/110三相三绕组变压器为测试平台进行现场试验,说明本发明效果,该型变压器主要几何结构及铭牌参数如表1所示。如图5所示,当该变压器正常运行时(t<0ms),变压器箱体并未出现明显振动,此时本装置测量运算得到的动作加速度a
op.1、a
op.2、a
op.3均远小于过振报警门槛a
th.1及准过振预警门槛a
th.2,该装置不会发出报警或预警信号,并显示变压器本体振动正常。当变压器在t=0ms时刻突发内部弱放电故障,由于故障能量的注入,变压器本体将受到故障压力冲击而发生振动。t=4.20ms时,本发明装置测量运算得到的动作加速度a
op.1大于准过振预警门槛a
th.2,本发明装置将发出准过振预警。t=65.35ms时,本发明装置测量运算得到的动作加速度a
op.1大于过振报警门槛a
th.1,本发明装置将发出变压器过振警示。
表1 SFSZ8-40000/110型变压器主要几何结构及铭牌参数
如图6所示,当该变压器正常运行时(t<0ms),变压器油箱内部油压并未出现显著变化,此时本装置测量运算得到的动作油压p
op.1、p
op.2、p
op.3均远小于过压报警门槛p
th.1及准过压预警门槛p
th.2,该装置不会发出报警或预警信号,并显示变压器本体内部油压正常。当变压器在t=0ms时刻突发内部电弧故障,由于故障能量的注入,变压器内部各测点油压将迅速升高。t=10.68ms时,本发明装置测量运算得到的动作油压p
op.1率先大于准过压预警门槛p
th.2,本发明装置将发出准过压预警。t=12.95ms时,本发明装置测量运算得到的动作油压p
op.1率先大于过压报警门槛p
th.1,本发明装置将发出变压器过压警示。
如图7所示,当该变压器正常运行时(t<0ms),变压器油枕连接管内部油流并未出现显著变化,此时本装置测量运算得到的动作油流v
op小于过流报警门槛v
th.1及准过流预警门槛v
th.2,该装置不会发出报警或预警信号,并显示变压器内部油流正常。当变压器在t=0ms时刻突发内部电弧故障,由于故障能量的注入,故障气体产生导致油枕连接管内部绝缘油发生定向流动。t=28.9ms时,本发明装置测量运算得到的动作油流v
op大于准过流预警门槛v
th.2,本发明装置将发出准过流预警。t=36.21ms时,本发明装置测量运算得到的动作油流v
op大于过流报警门槛v
th.1,本发明装置将发出变压器过流警示。
现场测试结果表明:本发明装置,能够在极短时间内感知并获取油浸式电力变压器油枕连接管内部油流突变特征、变压器箱体加速度突变特征以及变压器内部油压变化特征,并通过计算得到能够表征变压器内部油流涌动强度的动作油流、表征变压器内部油压危险水平的动作油压以及表征变压器箱体振动强度的动作加速度,根据与预设判据进行比较,评估变压 器当前运行状态及安全水平。为现场运行人员及变压器制造企业提供重要的参考数据及评判依据。
以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明,不能认定本发明的具体实施方式仅限于此,对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干简单的推演或替换,都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定专利保护范围。
Claims (10)
- 一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,包括瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块、信号调理与采集模块以及数字处理分析模块;瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块、瞬态加速度特征量测量模块均和信号调理与采集模块相连,信号调理与采集模块和数字处理分析模块相连;瞬态油压特征量测量模块用于测量变压器不同位置的内部油压变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;瞬态油流特征量测量模块用于实时高速测量变压器油枕连接管内部瞬态油流变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;瞬态加速度特征量测量模块用于测量变压器本体瞬态加速度变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;信号调理与采集模块用于接收瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;数字处理分析模块用于接收标准数字信号后,执行监测运算,完成数字信号处理任务,从而实现对油箱内部瞬态油压、油枕连接管内部瞬态油流以及本体瞬态加速度的在线监测与变压器运行状态评估功能。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,瞬态油压特征量测量模块由若干高频动态油压传感器及其通信线缆组成;高频动态油压传感器安装在变压器本体上,传感器端部探头直接与变压器绝缘油相接触,以测量变压器不同位置的内部油压变化特征,并利用通信线缆输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;其中,高频动态油压传感器的测量频率为20kHz,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-45~120℃,量程为-0.1~6MPa。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,瞬态油流特征量测量模块由外捆式高频超声波流量计、流量计变送器以及通信线缆组成,外捆式高频超声波流量计与流量计变送器相连,流量计变送器与通信线缆相连;外捆式高频超声波流量计安装在变压器油枕连接管上;其中,外捆式高频超声波流量计的测量频率为100Hz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-30~80℃,流速量程为-20~20m/s;外捆式高频超声波流量计安装在瓦斯继电器前方100mm~300mm处。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,瞬态加速度特征量测量模块由若干个加速度传感器、变送器以及通信线缆组成,加速度传感器强磁吸附在变压器本体外壁上,加速度传感器与变送器相连,变送器与通信线缆相连;其中,加速度传感器的测量频率为10kHz以上,测量误差小于1%,工作温度为-40~80℃,加速度量程为-1000~1000g;信号调理与采集模块由接线端子、信号调理电路、低通滤波器、信号采样电路以及模数A/D转换电路组成;接线端子与信号调理电路相连,信号调理电路相连与低通滤波器相连,低通滤波器与信号采样电路相连,信号采样电路与模数A/D转换电路相连,接线端子还与瞬态油压特征量测量模块、瞬态油流特征量测量模块以及瞬态加速度特征量测量模块相连。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,数字处理分析模块包括总线、中央处理器、GPS同步时钟、随机存储器、只读存储器以及控制电路;中央处理器、GPS同步时钟、随机存储器以及控制电路均与总线相连;模数A/D转换电路与总线相连;总线包括数据总线、地址总线以及控制总线,实现数据交换和操作控制;中央处理器为单片微处理器、通用微处理器或数字信号处理器,实时实现数字信号处理;GPS同步时钟用于实现变电站内、系统各场站装置同步采样要求;随机存储器用于暂存临时数据;只读存储器用于保存数据;控制电路利用现场可编程门阵列实现整个数字电路的连接和协调 工作。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,还包括与数字处理分析模块相连的数据存储模块、人机对话模块以及数据通信接口模块;数据存储模块用于存储数据;人机对话模块用于建立数字式保护装置与使用者之间的信息联系,以便运行人员对保护装置的人工操作、调试以及得到信息反馈;数据通信接口模块利用以太网实现与其他设备以及总站之间的信息交互、数据传输、远方操作以及远程维护。
- 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置,其特征在于,人机对话模块包括紧凑键盘、显示屏、指示灯、按钮以及打印机接口;数据存储模块由主、副闪存存储器组成;主、副闪存存储器作为主存储器及备用存储器使用;数据通信接口模块遵循IEC 61850通信协议,利用以太网实现与其他设备以及总站之间的信息交互、数据传输、远方操作以及远程维护。
- 一种基于权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的非电量综合特征信息的变压器监测装置的监测方法,其特征在于,分别进行瞬态油压、油流、本体加速的测量、记录、运算以及分析,实现对变压器运行状态的实时监测与可靠评估,具体过程如下包括以下步骤:1)针对瞬态油压特征的测量、记录、运算、分析的具体步骤为:①瞬态油压特征量测量模块用于测量变压器内部不同位置的油压变化特征,即读取当前时刻t下变压器内部n个测点油压p ms.n(t),n为1,2,3……;并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;信号调理与采集模块用于接收瞬态油压特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;②数字处理分析模块接收标准数字信号后判断每个测点瞬时油压p ms.n(t)与预设启动门槛p st的大小,若任一测点瞬时油压p ms.n(t)大于等于预设启动门槛p st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤③;若全部测点油压均小于预设启动门槛p st,即式(1)不成立,则显示变压器内部油压正常,进入步骤⑤;p ms.n(t)-p st≥0 (1)③利用下式计算各个测点t时刻的动作油压p op.n(t):式(2)中,T为数据窗长度,f为采集模块的信号采样频率;判断动作油压p op.n(t)与过压报警门槛p th.1的大小,若动作油压p op.n(t)大于等于过压报警门槛p th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器内部过压警示,进入步骤⑤;若动作油压p op.n(t)小于过压报警门槛,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤④;p op.n(t)-p th.1≥0 (3)④判断动作油压p op.n(t)与准过压预警门槛p th.2的大小,若p op.n(t)大于等于准过压预警门槛p th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出油箱内部准过压预警,进入步骤⑤;若p op.n(t)小于准过压预警门槛p th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示油箱内部油压正常;p op.n(t)-p th.2≥0 (4)⑤存储测量得到的油压数据,并将油压数据通信至总站;⑥在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位;若未发现装置故障,返回步骤①,重新读取下一时刻油压p ms.n(t+1);2)针对瞬态油流特征的测量、记录、运算、分析的具体步骤为:①瞬态油流特征量测量模块实时高速测量变压器油枕连接管内部瞬态油流变化特征,并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;信号调理与采集模块接收瞬态油流特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;②数字处理分析模块接收标准数字信号后判断瞬时流速v ms(t)与预设启动门槛v st的大小;若瞬时油流v ms(t)大于等于预设启动门槛v st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤③;若小于预设启动门槛v st,即式(1)不成立,则显示变压器油流正常,进入步骤⑤;v ms(t)-v st≥0 (1)③利用下式计算t时刻的动作油流v op(t):式(2)中,T为数据窗长度,f为采集模块的信号采样频率;判断动作油流v op(t)与过流报警门槛v th.1的大小,若动作油流v op(t)大于等于过流报警门槛v th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器过流警示,进入步骤⑤;若动作油流v op(t)小于过流报警门槛v th.1,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤④;v op(t)-v th.1≥0 (3)④判断动作油流v op(t)与准过流预警门槛v th.2的大小,若大于等于准过流预警门槛v th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出变压器准过流预警,进入步骤⑤;若小于准过流预警门槛v th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示变压器油流正常;v op(t)-v th.2≥0 (4)⑤存储测量得到的油流数据,并将数据通信至总站;⑥在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术人员排除故障、人工复位;若未发现装置故障,返回步骤①,重新读取下一时刻油流流速v ms(t+1);3)针对瞬态加速度特征的测量、记录、运算、分析的具体步骤为:①瞬态加速度特征量测量模块测量变压器本体瞬态加速度变化特征,即当前时刻t下变压器本体n个测点加速度a ms.n(t),n为1,2,3……;并输出与之相对应的模拟电压/电流信号;信号调理与采集模块接收瞬态加速度特征量测量模块输出的模拟电压/电流信号,并将其转换为数字处理分析模块能够识别的标准数字信号,再输出标准数字信号;②数字处理分析模块接收到的标准数字信号后判断瞬时加速度a ms.n(t)与预设启动门槛a st的大小;若任一测点瞬时加速度a ms.n(t)大于等于预设启动门槛a st,即式(1)成立,则进入步骤③;若小于预设启动门槛a st,即式(1)不成立,变压器本体振动正常,进入步骤⑤;a ms.n(t)-a st≥0 (1)③利用下式计算各个测点t时刻的动作加速度a op.n(t):式(2)中,T为数据窗长度,f为采集模块的信号采样频率;判断动作加速度a op.n(t)与过振报警门槛a th.1的大小,若动作加速度a op.n(t)大于等于过振报警门槛a th.1,即式(3)成立,则发出变压器过振警示,进入步骤⑤;若动作加速度a op.n(t)小于过振报警门槛a th.1,即式(3)不成立,则进入步骤④;a op.n(t)-a th.1≥0 (3)④判断动作加速度a op.n(t)与准过振预警门槛a th.2的大小,若a op.n(t)大于等于准过振预警门槛a th.2,即式(4)成立,则发出变压器准过振预警,进入步骤⑤;若a op.n(t)小于准过振预警门槛a th.2,即式(4)不成立,则显示变压器本体振动正常;a op.n(t)-a th.2≥0 (4)⑤存储测量得到的加速度数据,并将加速度数据通信至总站;⑥在运行状态下进行自检,若发现装置故障则发出告警信号并闭锁整个装置,等待技术 人员排除故障、人工复位;若未发现装置故障,返回步骤①,重新读取下一时刻加速度a ms.n(t+1)。
- 根据权利要求8所述的监测方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中的步骤②中,预设启动门槛p st设定为35kPa;步骤③中,数据窗长度T为5×10 -3s,过压报警门槛p th.1为70kPa;步骤④中,准过压预警门槛p th.2为55kPa。
- 根据权利要求8所述的监测方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中步骤②中,预设启动门槛v st为0.2~0.4m/s;步骤③中,过流报警门槛v th.1设定为0.7m/s;步骤③中,数据窗长度T为0.02s;步骤④中,准过流预警门槛v th.2为0.5m/s;步骤3)中的步骤②中,预设启动门槛a st设定为2.5g;步骤③中,数据窗长度T为1×10 -3s,过振报警门槛a th.1为20g;步骤④中,准过振预警门槛a th.2为10g。
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CN110174137A (zh) | 2019-08-27 |
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US11726145B2 (en) | 2023-08-15 |
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