WO2020224062A1 - 一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机及使用方法 - Google Patents

一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机及使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020224062A1
WO2020224062A1 PCT/CN2019/098125 CN2019098125W WO2020224062A1 WO 2020224062 A1 WO2020224062 A1 WO 2020224062A1 CN 2019098125 W CN2019098125 W CN 2019098125W WO 2020224062 A1 WO2020224062 A1 WO 2020224062A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
spring
residual film
tooth
frame
elastic
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Application number
PCT/CN2019/098125
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
康建明
彭强吉
宋裕民
荐世春
张恒
Original Assignee
山东省农业机械科学研究院
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Priority claimed from CN201910385382.7A external-priority patent/CN109997582A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910419721.9A external-priority patent/CN110121935A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201910430308.2A external-priority patent/CN110121936A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201920747087.7U external-priority patent/CN210671216U/zh
Application filed by 山东省农业机械科学研究院 filed Critical 山东省农业机械科学研究院
Priority to AU2019444676A priority Critical patent/AU2019444676B2/en
Publication of WO2020224062A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020224062A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B43/00—Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of residual film in farmland, in particular to a spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine and a use method.
  • Film mulching is an important material for agricultural production.
  • Film mulching technology has the effects of increasing temperature and moisture retention, suppressing weeds, and increasing yield, which has promoted a significant increase in international agricultural production and a fundamental change in production methods.
  • planters will manually recycle mulch.
  • Such a recycling method can only recycle mulch on the surface of the field, leaving more mulch Still in the field, if the amount of mulch film is accumulated year by year, it will not only damage the soil, but also be unfavorable to the protection of the environment, especially the plough layer with a certain depth.
  • the residual mulch film (residual mulch film) is more difficult to remove, especially when buried
  • the residual film and broken film in the depth of the layer bring great difficulties to the recovery and severely restrict the development of residual film recovery.
  • the present invention provides a spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine, which can effectively recover the residual film and broken film buried in the plough layer.
  • the various mechanisms are reasonably set up, cooperate with each other, and are effective. Recycle the residual film, solve the environmental pollution caused by the residual film, and increase the agricultural output value.
  • a spring-tooth rake type plough layer residual film recovery machine including:
  • the lower part of the frame is sequentially arranged from one side to the other side with a pressure roller for crushing soil, a plough for filming and breaking, a rotary tillage mechanism for removing residual film from the plough layer, and a
  • the spring-tooth lifting mechanism for film pick-up and transportation is arranged obliquely with respect to the frame; the spring-tooth lifting mechanism realizes cyclic reciprocating motion, and the spring-tooth lifting mechanism includes several spring teeth.
  • the top side of the mechanism is provided with a film unloading piece for unloading the remaining film.
  • the frame can be connected to the tractor. Under the drive of the tractor, the frame moves, so that the soil is crushed by the pressure roller, and the pressure roller supports the frame, and then the plough shovel removes the ground. The residual film is lifted or scratched from the ground, which mainly affects the residual film on the surface. Then the residual film protruding from the plough layer is lifted by the rotary tillage mechanism. The residual film is driven to the surface, and then the elastic tooth lifting mechanism During the movement, it is picked up by the elastic teeth, and the residual film is effectively removed under the setting of the film unloading part.
  • the frame is further provided with a walking mechanism between the rotary tillage mechanism and the spring-tooth lifting mechanism, the walking mechanism includes a pair of wheels, and the wheels and the frame are connected by a lifting component, and the walking mechanism is set , It can effectively support the frame, limit the depth and facilitate the walking of the frame.
  • the elastic tooth lifting mechanism is supported by a lateral frame, both ends of the film unloading member are supported by the lateral frame, and the material of the film unloading member is a soft material, when the elastic tooth lifting mechanism is When moving to the film unloading part, the film unloading part gives a certain force to the elastic teeth, thereby effectively separating the transported residual film from the elastic teeth.
  • the bottom of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism is provided with a height-adjustable depth-limiting roller.
  • the depth-limiting roller is arranged behind the elastic-tooth lifting mechanism with respect to the forward direction of the frame. Through the arrangement of the depth-limiting roller, The main function is to control the depth of the spring tooth into the soil, and suppress the soil after the operation, so as to level the ground for subsequent operations.
  • the elastic tooth lifting mechanism includes a sprocket transmission mechanism, a plurality of fixed tubes are evenly distributed on the surface of the sprocket transmission mechanism, and the elastic teeth are fixed to the fixed tube;
  • one end of the elastic tooth is arranged on the fixed ring, and the fixed ring is arranged on the fixed tube.
  • the frame is provided with a residual film conveyor belt on one side of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism, and both sides of the residual film conveyor belt are provided with film baffles.
  • the arrangement of the residual film conveyor belt is beneficial to Of recycling.
  • the frame is provided with a traction part above the pressure roller for connecting with a tractor, and the frame is provided with a power input part, and the power input part is associated with the rotary tillage mechanism and the elastic tooth.
  • the agencies are connected separately.
  • the power input component drives the rotary tillage mechanism to move
  • the rotary tillage mechanism drives the elastic tooth lifting mechanism to move through the transmission component.
  • the plough shovel is provided with a plurality of plough shovel, the plurality of plough shovel is connected with the frame through the plough shovel frame, and the plough shovel is detachably connected with respect to the shovel frame;
  • the height of the pressure roller relative to the frame can be adjusted, thereby effectively adjusting the height of the pressure roller.
  • the spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine further includes a film pressing roller, the film pressing roller is arranged behind the rotary tillage mechanism, and the axis of the laminating roller and the rotary shaft of the rotary tillage mechanism The axis is parallel; the distance between the film pressing roller and the rotary tillage mechanism meets that the residual film thrown by the rotary tillage mechanism can collide with the film pressing roller, and the film pressing roller can destroy the original movement track of the residual film.
  • the spring-tooth rake-type plough layer residual film recovery machine further includes a film guide plate and a number of impurity removal piles.
  • the film guide plate is installed behind the spring-tooth lifting mechanism and is connected to the spring-tooth lifting mechanism.
  • the inclination angle of the impurity removal pile is the same, and the impurity removal pile is installed on the film guide plate.
  • the conditions for the installation angle and length of the impurity removal pile to be met are: one of the spring teeth of the spring teeth during the upward movement of the spring teeth along the film guide plate
  • the straight rod can come into contact with it and deform.
  • the present invention also provides a method for using the spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine, including the following contents:
  • the frame advances with the movement of the tractor
  • the compaction roller crushes and compacts the soil in the field, and plays a role of limiting and supporting the depth of the frame;
  • the plough shovel will remove and rupture the field soil
  • Rotary tillage mechanism takes out the residual film of the cultivated layer on the field soil and brings the residual film to the field surface;
  • the cyclic action of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism effectively drives the residual film in the field to move up, thereby sending the residual film to the top of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism.
  • each mechanism cooperates with each other to dig up the residual film remaining on the ground and deep plough layer, and can realize the transfer, and the work efficiency is high. And it effectively liberated human work.
  • the present invention effectively shortens the length of the residual film recovery machine through the inclined arrangement of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism, making the mechanism more compact.
  • the setting of spring teeth in the spring-tooth lifting mechanism facilitates the removal of residual film. It can pick up uninterruptedly, and can reach into a certain depth of ground for picking, and the setting of the film unloading part can effectively remove the residual film picked up by the elastic teeth.
  • the present invention suppresses the surface of the field through the setting of a suppressing roller, and crushes the compacted soil, effectively separating the film and the soil; the residual film on the ground is lifted out of the ground and cut through the setting of a plough , It not only carries out the filming operation but also scratches the large whole piece of residual film, which effectively solves the problem of the residual film wrapping around the rotary tillage mechanism.
  • the residual film buried deep in the cultivated layer is lifted out.
  • the components are arranged in sequence to lift out the residual film on the ground and deep layers, and reduce the chance of the rotary tillage mechanism being entangled.
  • the present invention can also suppress and level the ground surface after the residual film is recovered, so that no additional machines are required to perform secondary operations and improve the efficiency of residual film recovery and land preparation.
  • the residual film conveyor belt is arranged on the upper part of the frame and on the side of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism to make full use of the space of the machine, which can effectively gather the residual film and facilitate the centralized removal of the residual film.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a rear view of Fig. 1 in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism of Fig. 1 in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism and the film unloading member in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fixed pipe in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the fixed pipe and the lifting chain
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the cleaning pile on the whole machine
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the installation of the impurity removal pile on the film guide plate
  • Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of removing stones or soil blocks by the impurity removing pile
  • Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the whole machine installed with a laminating roller
  • Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the laminating roller
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the specific installation structure of the laminating roller
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic tooth
  • the present invention proposes a spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine.
  • the following is a further description of the present invention with reference to the drawings. Elaborate.
  • a spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine includes a frame 1; the lower part of the frame 1 is sequentially from one side to the other.
  • the surface of the tooth lifting mechanism 5 is provided with a film unloading member 23 for unloading the remaining film on the top side of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism 5.
  • the frame 1 is further provided with a walking mechanism 11 between the rotary tillage mechanism 12 and the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5.
  • the walking mechanism 11 includes a pair of wheels.
  • the wheels and the frame 1 are connected by lifting components, and a pair of wheels pass between
  • the connecting shaft is connected, and the connecting shaft is connected with the support rod, and the support rod is articulated with respect to the frame 1.
  • the hydraulic lifting rod 10 is selected as the lifting component, and the hydraulic lifting rod 10 is connected with the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5 is supported by a lateral frame 24.
  • the lateral frame 24 is arranged obliquely with respect to the frame 1 and is connected to the frame 1. Both ends of the film unloading member 23 are supported by the lateral frame, and the film unloading member 23
  • the material is a soft material, such as rubber, or rubber is provided on the surface of the unloading piece 23.
  • the unloading piece 23 is a film unloading plate.
  • the unloading plate is arranged horizontally. One side of the unloading plate can be set with comb teeth, or as shown in Figure 5 As shown, the film unloading member 23 includes a film unloading roller 26 supported by a lateral frame 24.
  • a plurality of rows of rubber comb teeth 25 are arranged on the peripheral side of the film unloading roller 26.
  • the comb teeth 25 are arranged along the central axis of the film unloading roller.
  • the comb teeth 25 act on the elastic teeth, thereby facilitating the removal of the residual film between the elastic teeth.
  • the elastic tooth lifting mechanism 6 includes a sprocket transmission mechanism.
  • the sprocket transmission mechanism includes a drive sprocket 20 and a driven sprocket supported by a lateral frame 24.
  • the drive sprocket 20 drives the drive sprocket shaft 1.6 to work.
  • the driven sprocket is designed On the driven sprocket shaft 1.4, the drive sprocket 20 is set higher than the frame, and a number of fixed pipes 1.3 are evenly distributed on the surface of the sprocket transmission mechanism.
  • the adjacent fixed pipes are set at a set distance, as shown in Figure 4, the fixed pipe 1.3
  • the lifting chains 1.5 on both sides are set, that is, the length of the fixed pipe 1.3 is longer than the distance between the lifting chains on both sides, so as to effectively support the fixed pipe 1.3 through the lifting chain 1.5, and the elastic teeth 1.1 are fixed to the fixed pipe 1.3 Further, one end of the elastic tooth 1.1 is provided on the fixed ring 1.2.
  • each fixed tube 1.3 is provided with a plurality of fixed rings 1.2, and the plurality of fixed rings 1.2 are evenly arranged on the fixed tube 1.3, and the fixed ring 1.2 passes It is fixed to the fixed pipe by bolts or other means, and adjacent fixed rings 1.2 are arranged at a set distance apart, and each fixed ring 1.2 is provided with one or more elastic teeth 1.1, and the elastic teeth 1.1 are arranged toward the outside of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism 6.
  • the elastic tooth 1.1 has a set length so that it can be inserted into a field of a set depth during operation.
  • the material of the elastic tooth is preferably elastic plastic spring steel wire, and the material is 65Mn.
  • both ends of the fixed pipe 1.3 are fixed on the chain plate 1.7, and the fixed pipe 1.3 is in surface-to-surface contact with the chain plate 1.7.
  • the upper surface and the lower surface of the two ends of the fixed pipe are both horizontal planes, and the lower surface is the surface in contact with the chain plate; threaded holes passing through the fixed pipe are provided on the horizontal surface, and threaded holes are provided on the chain plate.
  • the holes are coaxially arranged with threaded holes, and the bolt passes through the two threaded holes to realize the fixation of the elastic tooth fixing tube and the chain plate.
  • the original line contact between the elastic tooth fixed tube and the chain plate is modified into a surface contact; under the condition of a certain impact force F, the contact area S between the elastic tooth fixed tube and the chain plate is increased, so that the entire The pressure P is reduced, thereby reducing the damage frequency of the chain rake and improving the reliability of the whole machine.
  • the driving sprocket shaft 1.6 and the film unloading roller 26 in the spring-tooth lifting mechanism are arranged parallel to each other, and the distance between the film unloading roller 26 and the driving sprocket shaft is much greater than the distance between the film unloading roller 26 and the driven sprocket shaft by 1.4.
  • the roller 26 is arranged on the side of the lower side of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism to try to avoid the residual film being driven to the upper side of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism to avoid residual film entanglement.
  • the unloading roller 26 (specifically driven by the rotating motor to rotate)
  • the rotation direction is the same as the running direction of the elastic tooth lifting mechanism, so that the movement direction of the comb teeth is opposite to the movement direction of the elastic teeth on the corresponding side, which is convenient for the effective removal of the residual film.
  • the elastic tooth lifting mechanism is provided with a tensioning mechanism 6 (a tensioning mechanism of a commonly used chain transmission mechanism, which is the prior art) for adjusting the tension of the lifting chain.
  • a tensioning mechanism 6 a tensioning mechanism of a commonly used chain transmission mechanism, which is the prior art
  • the top of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5 is inclined toward the front side of the walking mechanism and the frame 1, the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5 moves clockwise or counterclockwise, and the frame is provided on one side of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5.
  • the residual film conveyor belt 3, the residual film conveyor belt 3 is arranged above the rotary tillage mechanism 12. Both sides of the residual film conveyor belt 3 are provided with film baffles through the frame, namely the front baffle plate 2 and the rear baffle plate 4.
  • the film baffle 4 is arranged obliquely and backwards relative to the residual film conveyor belt 3 to prevent the residual film from falling off and being wound around the elastic tooth lifting mechanism 5 again, and the conveying direction of the residual film conveyor belt 3 is consistent with the width direction of the frame 1.
  • the width direction of the frame 1 is hollowed out on both sides or one side of the residual film conveyor belt 3, so that after the residual film accumulates to a certain height, the residual film conveyor belt 3 is driven by the residual film conveyor belt driving component 18, such as a drive motor, thereby reducing The residual film is conveyed, so as to send the accumulated residual film away from the residual film conveyor belt 3.
  • a film guide 9 is also inclined at the rear of the walking mechanism 11 on the side of the frame 1, its function is to assist the elastic teeth to transport the residual film To the residual film conveyor belt.
  • a spring-tooth chain rake-type residual film recovery machine uses spring teeth to lift the residual film, and the lifted residual film is transported upward along the film transport support plate, and finally falls into the film collecting box.
  • the spring teeth enter the soil to pick up the film
  • the soil blocks/stones in the soil plow layer will be sandwiched between adjacent spring teeth.
  • the soil blocks/stones also move upward.
  • a number of impurity removal piles 9.1 are set on the membrane guide plate 9.
  • the installation angle and length of the impurity removal pile 9.1 need to meet the following conditions: during the upward movement of the elastic teeth along the membrane guide plate 9, one of the elastic teeth 11 A straight rod can come into contact with it and deform.
  • the arrangement of the impurity removal pile 9.1 is the same as the arrangement of the spring teeth, and the specific settings are set according to actual needs.
  • the impurity removing pile 9.1 is a columnar structure.
  • the material of the impurity-removing pile 9.1 is made of a metal material with a certain hardness; the impurity-removing pile in the present invention can adopt a round steel structure, but is not limited to round steel. Rectangular pipes and angle steels can be used. Instead of seamless pipes.
  • Removable connection can be selected between the impurity removal pile and the diaphragm, such as bolt connection, threaded connection or snap connection, or non-removable connection, such as welding, glue connection, etc., just choose according to actual needs . It may also be integrally formed with the film guide plate, or may be a structure connected together, preferably integrally formed.
  • the impurity removal pile is installed on the film guide plate, and the spring teeth come into contact with the impurity removal pile and deform during the upward movement of the spring teeth along the film guide plate. As the spring teeth continue to move upward, the deformation of the spring tooth straight rod increases , So that the two straight rods are not on the same plane, so that the soil/rocks mixed between the two straight rods of the spring teeth fall.
  • the installation and arrangement of the impurity removal piles on the film guide plate are shown in the figure.
  • the arrangement of the impurity removal piles must ensure that they can collide with one of the straight rods of the spring teeth, and can only collide with one of the straight rods of the corresponding spring teeth. collision.
  • the structure of the spring teeth is shown in Figure 14, including an integral spring-tooth straight rod and spring-tooth spiral.
  • the spring-tooth spiral part is sleeved on the spring-tooth fixed tube.
  • the spring-tooth straight rod includes two; in the actual operation process As long as it is ensured that one of the spring-toothed straight rods collides with the debris removal pile.
  • the spring teeth During the upward movement of the spring teeth along the diaphragm guide plate, they come into contact with the impurity removal pile and deform.
  • the deformation of the spring teeth straight rod increases, so that the two straight rods are not on the same plane. Just make the soil/rocks mixed between the two straight rods of the spring teeth fall. It greatly reduces the impurity content of the residual film after recovery, and provides convenience for the secondary utilization of the residual film.
  • a height-adjustable depth-limiting roller 8 is provided at the bottom of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5. Both sides of the depth-limiting roller 8 are connected to the second adjusting member 7, and the second adjusting member 7 is connected to the transverse support rod 19.
  • the support rod 19 is connected to the lateral frame 24, and the second adjusting member 7 is arranged obliquely with respect to the lateral support rod, so that the depth limiting roller 8 can level the soil.
  • the main function of the depth limiting roller 8 is to limit the depth.
  • the second adjusting member adjusts the height of the depth limiting roller to control the depth of the spring teeth;
  • the second adjusting member 7 includes second side plates arranged on both sides of the depth limiting roller 8, and the second side plates are provided with a plurality of second bolt holes ,
  • the height adjustment of the depth limiting roller 8 is realized through the connection of different second bolt holes and the depth limiting roller 8.
  • the height of the pressure roller 15 relative to the frame 1 can be adjusted.
  • the two sides of the pressure roller 15 are connected to the first adjusting member, and the top of the first adjusting member is connected to the frame.
  • the first adjusting member includes the pressure roller 15
  • the first side plates on both sides are provided with first bolt holes, and the height of the pressure roller is adjusted by connecting different first bolt holes with the pressure roller.
  • both the pressure roller 15 and the depth limiting roller 8 are common pressure rollers.
  • plough shovel 13 which are connected to the frame through plough shovel frame, and the shovel shovel 13 is detachably connected to the shovel frame, and the two ends of the shovel frame are connected with the frame,
  • the side of the shovel frame is provided with bolt holes of different heights, and the connection with the plough shovel 13 and the height adjustment are realized through different bolt holes.
  • the working surface of the plough shovel 13 is set in the direction of the pressure roller 15, and the plough shovel 13 removes the residual film from the ground. Lifting and scratching not only perform the filming operation but also scratch the large whole piece of residual film, which effectively solves the problem of the residual film wrapping around the rotary tillage mechanism 12.
  • the frame 1 is provided with a traction component above the pressure roller 15 for connecting with a tractor.
  • the tractor can be a tractor
  • the traction component can be a traction ring, which is connected with the tractor
  • the frame 1 is provided with a power input component 17.
  • the input component 17 is separately connected to the rotary tillage mechanism 12 and the elastic tooth lifting mechanism 5, and the power input part 17 can be a motor or a hydraulic cylinder.
  • the power input part 17 drives the rotary tillage mechanism 12 and the elastic tooth lifting mechanism 5 movement.
  • the power input component 17 drives the rotary tillage mechanism 12 to move.
  • the rotary tillage mechanism 12 is a commonly used agricultural rotary tillage mechanism.
  • the rotary tillage mechanism 12 drives the spring-tooth lifting mechanism 5 through a transmission member to move, as shown in FIG. 3,
  • the transmission components are two sets of sprocket transmission mechanisms.
  • the rotary tillage mechanism 12 drives the movement of the first sprocket transmission mechanism.
  • the first sprocket transmission mechanism meshes with the intermediate sprocket 21.
  • the intermediate sprocket 21 drives the drive sprocket to move through the chain.
  • this embodiment discloses that a film pressing roller 29 is added to the rear of the rotary tiller device.
  • the axis of the film pressing roller is parallel to the axis of the rotary shaft of the rotary tiller; the residual film thrown by the rotary tiller and the pressure
  • the film roll collided, destroying its original trajectory. The thrown residual film was pressed on the ground after colliding with the pressing roller, and then picked up by the elastic teeth.
  • the structure of the laminating roller 29 in the present invention is shown in Figure 12, including a laminating roller body and a connecting shaft.
  • the laminating roller body can be a hollow structure or a solid structure.
  • the connection The shaft passes through the main body of the film pressing roller, and both ends extend to the outside of the film pressing roller and are connected to the mounting frame 31 of the rotary tiller device through the connecting plate 30;
  • the connecting plate 30 and the mounting frame 31 of the rotary tiller device can be detachably connected, such as the bolt connection shown in FIG. 3, or non-detachable connection, such as welding, etc., which can be selected according to actual needs.
  • This embodiment also discloses a method for using a spring-tooth harrow-type plough layer residual film recovery machine, which includes the following contents:
  • the frame advances with the movement of the tractor
  • the compaction roller compacts the ground surface, crushes the compacted soil, effectively separates the membrane and soil, and plays a role of limiting and supporting the frame with the walking mechanism;
  • the residual film on the surface of the plough shovel rises from the ground and cuts;
  • Rotary tillage mechanism takes out the residual film of the cultivated layer on the field soil and brings the residual film to the field surface;
  • the spring-tooth lifting mechanism operates cyclically.
  • the spring teeth effectively pick up the residual film in the field during the contact with the ground, and then drive the residual film to move up, thereby sending the residual film to the top of the spring-tooth lifting mechanism.
  • the elastic teeth of the residual film play a certain blocking effect, so that the residual film is unloaded under the action of the film unloading part, and the residual film is gathered on the surface of the residual film conveyor belt under the setting of the front and rear baffle plates;
  • the residual film conveyor belt driving part can be activated, and the residual film can be unloaded from the side of the frame. After the film is unloaded, the residual film conveyor belt driving part can be closed and the operation can continue.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种弹齿把式耕层残膜回收机，包括机架（1）、机架（1）下部从一侧到另一侧依次设置用于碎土的镇压辊（15）、用于起膜和破膜的犁铲（13）、用于进行耕层残膜起膜作业的旋耕机构（12）和用于进行残膜的捡拾和输送的弹齿升运机构（5），弹齿升运机构（5）相对于机架（1）倾斜设置；弹齿升运机构（5）实现循环往复运动，且弹齿升运机构（5）包括若干弹齿（1.1），在弹齿升运机构（5）顶端一侧设有用于对残膜进行卸膜作业的卸膜件（23）。该回收机设计合理紧凑，残膜回收效果好。还公开了该回收机的使用方法。

Description

一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机及使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农田残膜领域，特别是涉及一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机及使用方法。
背景技术
地膜是农业生产的重要物质资料，地膜覆盖技术具有增温保墒、抑制杂草、提高产量等作用，促进了国际农业生产水平的显著提高和生产方式的根本改变。随着地膜覆盖技术的普及和应用，地膜残留污染问题日益严重，地膜在使用后，种植人员会人力回收地膜，这样的回收方式只能对田间表面的地膜进行回收，会留存有较多的地膜仍在田地中，若地膜留存数量逐年累积，不仅对土壤造成破坏，而且不利于环境的保护，尤其是具有一定深度的耕层，残膜(残留的地膜)较难以去除，尤其是埋在耕层深处的残膜和碎膜，给回收带来很大的困难，严重制约着残膜回收事业的发展。
此外，现有的机构虽然也有进行地膜去除的，但主要都是针对地表的地膜进行处理，只是回收可见残膜和大整片残膜，整体机构面积大，不够紧凑，造成空闲时整机占用空间大，而且不能方便地去除残膜，需要人力配合。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，能够有效对埋在耕层的残膜和碎膜进行回收，各个机构设置合理，相互配合，有效对残膜进行回收，解决残膜造成的环境污染，提高农业产值。
一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机的具体方案如下：
一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，包括：
机架；
机架下部从一侧到另一侧依次设置用于碎土的镇压辊、用于起膜和破膜的犁铲、用于进行耕层残膜起膜作业的旋耕机构和用于进行残膜的捡拾和输送的弹齿升运机构，弹齿升运机构相对于机架倾斜设置；弹齿升运机构实现循环往复运动，且弹齿升运机构包括若干弹齿，在弹齿升运机构顶端一侧设有用于对残膜进行卸膜作业的卸膜件。
上述的残膜回收机，机架能够与牵引车连接，在牵引车的带动下，机架移动，从而由镇压辊进行碎土，且镇压辊对机架起到支撑作用，然后犁铲将地表残膜从地面起出或划破，主要是对地表残膜起作用，然后通过旋耕机构对耕层伸出的残膜进行起出，残膜被带动至地表，然后弹齿升运机构在运动过程中，通过弹齿捡拾起来，在卸膜件的设置作用下，有效将残膜卸除。
进一步地，所述机架在所述旋耕机构与所述弹齿升运机构之间还设有行走机构，行走机构包括一对车轮，车轮与机架通过升降部件连接，通过行走机构的设置，有效对机架进行支撑，而且起到限深作用，并便于机架的行走。
进一步地，所述弹齿升运机构通过侧向框架支撑，所述卸膜件的两端通过侧向框架进行支撑，且卸膜件材料为软性材料，当弹齿升运机构中弹齿运动至卸膜件处时，卸膜件给弹齿一定的作用力，从而有效将运输的残膜脱离弹齿。
进一步地，所述弹齿升运机构的底部设有高度可调的限深辊，限深辊相对于机架的前进方向，设于弹齿升运机构的后方，通过限深辊的设置，主要作用是控制弹齿的入土深度，且在作业后镇压土体，以整平土地便于后续的作业。
进一步地，所述弹齿升运机构包括链轮传送机构，在链轮传送机构表面均布若干固定管，所述的弹齿固定于固定管；
进一步地，为了方便弹齿安装于弹齿升运机构，所述弹齿一端设于固定环，固定环设于固定管。
进一步地，所述机架在所述弹齿升运机构的一侧设有残膜输送带，残膜输送带的两侧均设置挡膜板，通过残膜输送带的设置有利于对残膜的回收。
进一步地，所述机架在所述镇压辊的上方设有牵引部件以用于与牵引车连接，且机架设置动力输入部件，动力输入部件与所述旋耕机构和所述弹齿升运机构分别单独连接。
进一步地，所述动力输入部件带动所述旋耕机构运动，旋耕机构通过传送部件带动所述的弹齿升运机构运动。
进一步地，所述犁铲设有多个，多个犁铲通过犁铲架与所述的机架连接，且犁铲相对于犁铲架可拆卸连接；
或者，所述镇压辊相对于机架的高度可调节，从而有效对镇压辊的高度进行调节。
进一步地，所述的弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，还包括压膜辊，所述的压膜辊设置在旋耕机构的后方，所述压膜辊的轴线与旋耕机构旋转轴的轴线平行；所述的压膜辊与旋耕机构之间的距离满足旋耕机构抛起的残膜与压膜辊可发生碰撞，压膜辊能破坏残膜原先的运动轨迹。
进一步地，所述的弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，还包括导膜板和若干除杂桩，所述的导膜板安装在弹齿升运机构的后方，与弹齿升运机构的倾斜角度相同，所述的除杂桩安装在导膜板上，除杂桩安装角度和长度需要满足的条件是：在弹齿沿导膜板向上运动的过程中弹齿的其中一个弹齿直杆可与其发生接触，并产生变形。
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明还提供了所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机的使用方法，包括如下内容：
机架随着牵引车的移动而前进；
镇压辊对田间土体进行碎土和镇压，并对机架起到限深和支撑作用；
犁铲对田间土体进行起膜和破膜；
旋耕机构对田间土体进行耕层残膜起模作业，并将残膜带于田间地表；
弹齿升运机构循环动作，有效带动田间残膜上移，从而将残膜送于弹齿升运机构的顶端。
上述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机的使用方法，各个机构相互配合，对地表和深处的耕层留存的残膜都进行了挖起，并能实现转运，工作效率高，而且有效解放了人力工作。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1)本发明通过整体结构的设置，各个机构相互配合，设置紧凑，无需人力配合就可以将运输的残膜进行去除，有效的对埋在耕层的残膜和碎膜进行回收，解决残膜造成的环境污染，提高农业产值。
2)本发明通过弹齿升运机构的倾斜设置，有效缩短了残膜回收机的长度，使得机构设置更为紧凑，弹齿升运机构中弹齿的设置，有利于起出的残膜进行不间断的捡拾，而且能伸入到一定深度的土地内进行捡拾，而且配合卸膜件的设置能够有效将弹齿捡拾的残膜进行去除。
3)本发明通过镇压辊的设置，对田间地表进行镇压，将板结的土壤进行碎土作业，有效的将膜和土进行分离；通过犁铲的设置将地表残膜从地面起出和划破，不仅进行起膜作业还将大整片残膜划破，有效的解决了残膜缠绕旋耕机构的问题，通过旋耕机构的设置将埋在耕层深处的残膜起出，三个部件依次设置，对地表和深层的残膜都进行起出，而且降低了对旋耕机构被缠绕的几率。
4)本发明通过限深辊的设置，能在对残膜进行回收后，还能对地表进行镇压平整，这样无需额外的机器再进行二次作业，提高了残膜回收和整地的效率。
5)本发明通过残膜输送带的设于机架上部，在弹齿升运机构的一侧，充分利用机器的空间，能有效聚集残膜，而且方便对残膜的集中卸除。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明实施例中一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机的结构示意图。
图2为本发明实施例中图1的正视图。
图3为本发明实施例中图1的后视图。
图4为本发明实施例中图1的弹齿升运机构的结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例中弹齿升运机构与卸膜件设置示意图。
图6为本发明实施例中的固定管的结构示意图；
图7为固定管与升运链条的连接示意图；
图8为除杂桩在整机上的安装示意图；
图9是除杂桩在导膜板上的安装示意图；
图10是除杂桩去除石块或者土块的示意图；
图11是安装有压膜辊的整机结构示意图；
图12是压膜辊的具体结构示意图；
图13是压膜辊的具体安装结构示意图；
图14是弹齿的结构示意图；
其中：1机架、2前挡膜板、3残膜输送带、4、后挡膜板、5、弹齿升运机构、6张紧机构、7第二调节件、8限深辊、9导膜板、9-1除杂桩、10液压升降杆、11行走机构、12旋耕机构、13犁铲、14犁铲架、15镇压辊、16牵引部件、 17动力输入部件、18残膜输送带驱动部件、19、横向支撑杆、20驱动链轮、21中间链轮、22主动链轮、23卸膜件、24侧向框架、25梳齿 26卸膜辊；27石块、28缠膜、29压膜辊、30连接板、31安装架、32螺栓、29.1压膜辊连接轴、29.2压膜辊本体；
1.1弹齿、1.1.1弹齿直杆、1.1.2弹齿螺旋；1.2固定环、1.3固定管、1.4从动链轮轴、1.5升运链条、1.6驱动链轮轴，1.7链板。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的，现有技术中存在的不足，为了解决如上的技术问题，本发明提出了一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，下面结合说明书附图，对本发明做进一步的阐述。
本发明的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1和图2所示，一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，包括机架1；机架1下部从一侧到另一侧依次设置用于碎土的镇压辊15、用于起膜和破膜的犁铲13、用于进行耕层残膜起膜作业的旋耕机构12和用于进行残膜的捡拾和输送的弹齿升运机构5，弹齿升运机构5相对于机架1倾斜设置；弹齿升运机构5实现循环往复运动，且弹齿升运机构5包括若干弹齿，弹齿分多排设于弹齿升运机构5的表面，在弹齿升运机构5顶端一侧设有用于对残膜进行卸膜作业的卸膜件23。
机架1在旋耕机构12与所述弹齿升运机构5之间还设有行走机构11，行走机构11包括一对车轮，车轮与机架1通过升降部件连接，一对车轮之间通过连轴连接，且连轴与支撑杆连接，支撑杆相对于车架1铰接设置，在本实施例中，升降部件选用液压升降杆10，液压升降杆10与液压缸连接。
弹齿升运机构5通过侧向框架24支撑，侧向框架24相对于机架1倾斜设置且与机架1连接，卸膜件23的两端通过侧向框架进行支撑，且卸膜件23材料为软性材料，如橡胶，或者卸膜件23的表面设置橡胶，卸膜件23为卸膜板，卸膜板水平设置，卸膜板的一侧可设置梳齿，或者，如图5所示，卸膜件23包括通过侧向框架24支撑卸膜辊26，卸膜辊26的周侧设置多排橡胶梳齿25，梳齿25沿着卸膜辊的中心轴线方向设置，在弹齿升运机构5运转过程中，梳齿25与弹齿作用，从而有利于将弹齿之间的残膜进行去除。
弹齿升运机构6包括链轮传送机构，链轮传送机构包括通过侧向框架24支撑的驱动链轮20和从动链轮，驱动链轮20带动驱动链轮轴1.6工作，从动链轮设于从动链轮轴1.4，驱动链轮20高于机架设置，在链轮传送机构表面均布若干固定管1.3，相邻的固定管间隔设定距离设置，如图4所示，固定管1.3超过两侧的升运链条1.5设置即固定管1.3长度长于两侧升运链条之间的距离，以通过升运链条1.5对固定管1.3进行有效支撑，所述的弹齿1.1固定于固定管1.3；进一步，弹齿1.1一端设于固定环1.2，在本实施例中，每一根固定管1.3套设有多个固定环1.2，多个固定环1.2均匀设于固定管1.3，固定环1.2通过螺栓或其他方式固定于固定管，相邻的固定环1.2间隔设定距离设置，每一固定环1.2设有一个或多个弹齿1.1，弹齿1.1朝向弹齿升运机构6的外侧设置，弹齿1.1具有设定的长度，以能在运行过程中，插入至设定深度的田地，弹齿的材料优选弹塑弹簧钢丝，材质为65Mn。
进一步的，所述的固定管1.3的两端固定在所述的链板1.7上，固定管1.3与所述的链板1.7之间面面接触。固定管两端的上表面和下表面均为水平面，下表面为与链板接触的面；在所述的水平面上设有穿过固定管的螺纹孔，在所述的链板上设有与螺纹孔同轴设置的螺纹孔，螺栓穿过两个螺纹孔实现弹齿固定管与链板的固定。将弹齿固定管与链板之间原先的线接触修改成了面面接触；在冲击力F一定的条件下，增大了弹齿固定管与链板之间的接触面积S，因此使得整个压强P减小，从而减缓了链条链耙的损坏频率，提高了整机的可靠性。
进一步的，弹齿升运机构中驱动链轮轴1.6与卸膜辊26相互平行设置，且卸膜辊26距离驱动链轮轴的距离远大于卸膜辊26距离从动链轮轴1.4的距离，卸膜辊26设于弹齿升运机构下侧面的一侧，尽量避免残膜被带动到弹齿升运机 构的上侧面，避免发生残膜缠绕，卸膜辊26(具体由旋转电机带动旋转)的转动方向与弹齿升运机构的运行方向相同，这样梳齿的运动方向与相应侧的弹齿运动方向相反，便于对残膜的有效去除。
进一步，弹齿升运机构设置涨紧机构6(常用链条传送机构的涨紧机构，为现有技术)用于调整升运链条的张紧程度。
具体地，弹齿升运机构5顶部朝向行走机构及机架1的前侧方向倾斜，弹齿升运机构5顺时针或逆时针运动，机架在弹齿升运机构5的一侧设有残膜输送带3，残膜输送带3设于旋耕机构12的上方，残膜输送带3的两侧均通过机架设置挡膜板即前挡膜板2和后挡膜板4，后挡膜板4相对于残膜输送带3倾斜向后设置，避免残膜飘落又再次缠绕于弹齿升运机构5，且残膜输送带3的输送方向与机架1的宽度方向一致，机架1的宽度方向在残膜输送带3的两侧或一侧镂空设置，这样在残膜积累一定高度后，残膜输送带3由残膜输送带驱动部件18如驱动电机进行驱动，从而将残膜输送，从而将聚集的残膜送离残膜输送带3，另外，在机架1侧部行走机构11的后方同样倾斜设有导膜板9，其作用是辅助弹齿将残膜输送至残膜输送带。
进一步的，在现有技术中弹齿式链耙式残膜回收机通过弹齿将残膜挑起，挑起的残膜沿着输膜支撑板向上输送，最终落入集膜箱。但在弹齿入土挑膜时，土壤耕层中的土块/石块会夹在相邻弹齿之间，残膜随弹齿向上提升的过程中，土块/石块也随着向上运动，随残膜落入集膜箱，导致回收后的残膜中夹杂有大量的土块/石块，给残膜的后续加工带来诸多问题。本实施例中在导膜板9上设置若干除杂桩9.1，除杂桩9.1安装角度和长度需要满足的条件是：在弹齿,沿导膜板9向上运动的过程中弹齿11的其中一个直杆可与其发生接触，并产生变形。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的除杂桩9.1的排列方式与弹齿的排列方式相同，具体的根据实际需要进行设置。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的除杂桩9.1为一个柱形结构。
作为进一步的技术方案，所述的除杂桩9.1的材料采用具有一定硬度的金属材料制作；本发明中除杂桩可以采用圆钢结构，但是不局限于圆钢，可以用矩形管、角钢，无缝管等代替。
除杂桩与导膜板之间可以选择可拆卸式连接，例如螺栓连接、螺纹连接或者 卡接等形式，也可以选择非拆卸式连接，例如焊接、胶接等，根据实际需要进行选择即可。也可以是与导膜板一体成型，也可以是组合连接在一起的结构，优选采用一体成型。
在导膜板上加装除杂桩，在弹齿沿导膜板向上运动的过程中与除杂桩发生接触并产生变形，随着弹齿的继续向上运动，弹齿直杆变形量增大，使得两个直杆不在一个平面，这样就使弹齿两直杆间夹杂的土块/石块掉落。
除杂桩在导膜板上安装及排列如图所示，除杂桩的排列要保证其能与其中一个弹齿的直杆发生碰撞，并且只能与对应弹齿的其中一根直杆发生碰撞。
弹齿的结构如图14所示，包括一体成型的弹齿直杆和弹齿螺旋，所述的弹齿螺旋部分套装在弹齿固定管上，弹齿直杆包括两个；在实际运行过程中，只要保证其中一个弹齿直杆与除杂桩发生碰撞即可。在弹齿沿导膜板向上运动的过程中与除杂桩发生接触并产生变形，随着弹齿的继续向上运动，弹齿直杆变形量增大，使得两个直杆不在一个平面，这样就使弹齿两直杆间夹杂的土块/石块掉落。极大的降低了回收后残膜的含杂率，为残膜的二次利用提供便利。
此外，在弹齿升运机构5的底部设有高度可调的限深辊8，限深辊8的两侧与第二调节件7连接，第二调节件7与横向支撑杆19连接，横向支撑杆19与侧向框架24连接，且第二调节件7相对于横向支撑杆倾斜设置，以便于限深辊8对土体进行整平，当然限深辊8的主要作用是限深，通过第二调节件调节限深辊的高度，从而控制弹齿的入土深度；第二调节件7包括设于限深辊8两侧的第二侧板，第二侧板设置多个第二螺栓孔，通过不同第二螺栓孔与限深辊8的连接实现限深辊8高度的调节。
相应地，镇压辊15相对于机架1的高度可调节，同样，镇压辊15两侧与第一调节件连接，第一调节件顶部与机架连接，第一调节件包括设于镇压辊15两侧的第一侧板，第一侧板设置第一螺栓孔，通过不同第一螺栓孔与镇压辊的连接实现镇压辊高度的调节。
需要注意的是，镇压辊15和限深辊8均为常见的镇压辊。
犁铲13设有多个，多个犁铲13通过犁铲架与所述的机架连接，且犁铲13相对于犁铲架可拆卸连接，犁铲架的两端与机架连接，犁铲架侧部设置不同高度的螺栓孔，通过不同的螺栓孔实现与犁铲13的连接和高度的调整，犁铲13的工 作面朝向镇压辊15方向设置，犁铲13将地表残膜从地面起出和划破，不仅进行起膜作业还将大整片残膜划破，有效的解决了残膜缠绕旋耕机构12的问题。
机架1在镇压辊15的上方设有牵引部件以用于与牵引车连接，牵引车可以是拖拉机，牵引部件可为牵引环，与拖拉机实现连接，且机架1设置动力输入部件17，动力输入部件17与旋耕机构12和所述弹齿升运机构5分别单独连接，动力输入部件17可为电机或液压缸，通过动力输入部件17带动旋耕机构12和弹齿升运机构5的运动。
具体地，动力输入部件17带动旋耕机构12运动，旋耕机构12为农业常用旋耕机构，旋耕机构12通过传送部件带动所述的弹齿升运机构5运动，如图3所示，具体，传送部件为两组链轮传送机构，旋耕机构12带动第一链轮传送机构运动，第一链轮传送机构与中间链轮21啮合，中间链轮21通过链条带动驱动链轮动作，从而带动弹齿升运机构5的运动，动力传递过程中对裸露部分都设有安全保护罩，安全保护罩与机架1可拆卸连接，安全保护罩的形状在此不做限定。
作为进一步的技术方案，由于残膜轻、薄、条状的物理属性，旋耕机刀片抛出的残膜会继续沿着旋耕刀片的运动轨迹转动，整机在工作一段时间后旋耕刀轴上缠绕着很多残膜，极大的影响了旋耕刀的工作性能。针对此问题，本实施例中公开了在旋耕机装置的后方增设压膜辊29，所述压膜辊的轴线与旋耕机构旋转轴的轴线平行；旋耕机抛起的残膜与压膜辊发生碰撞，破坏其原先的运动轨迹。抛出的残膜在与压膜辊碰撞后被压在地表，随后被弹齿挑起。
本发明中压膜辊29的结构如图12所示，包括压膜辊本体以及连接轴，压膜辊本体可以是空心结构，也可以是实心结构，当压膜辊本体为空心结构时，连接轴穿过压膜辊本体，两端延伸到压膜辊外通过连接板30与旋耕机装置的安装架31相连；
连接板30与旋耕机装置的安装架31之间可以拆卸式连接，例如图3所示的螺栓连接，也可以是非拆卸式连接，例如焊接等，根据实际需要进行选择即可。
本实施例还公开了一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机的使用方法，包括如下内容：
机架随着牵引车的移动而前进；
镇压辊对地表进行镇压，将板结的土壤进行碎土作业，有效的将膜和土进行 分离，并和行走机构对机架起到限深和支撑作用；
犁铲对地表残膜从地面起出和划破；
旋耕机构对田间土体进行耕层残膜起模作业，并将残膜带于田间地表；
弹齿升运机构循环动作，弹齿在与地表接触过程中，有效捡拾田间残膜，进而带动残膜上移，从而将残膜送于弹齿升运机构的顶端，卸膜件对带有残膜的弹齿起到一定的阻拦作用，从而在卸膜件的作用下，将残膜卸下，在前后挡膜板设置下，残膜被聚集在残膜输送带表面；
当残膜堆积有设定的高度，可启动残膜输送带驱动部件，将残膜从机架一侧卸下，卸膜完成后，关闭残膜输送带驱动部件，继续进行作业。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，包括：
    机架；
    机架下部从一侧到另一侧依次设置用于碎土的镇压辊、用于起膜和破膜的犁铲、用于进行耕层残膜起膜作业的旋耕机构和用于进行残膜的捡拾和输送的弹齿升运机构，弹齿升运机构相对于机架倾斜设置；弹齿升运机构实现循环往复运动，且弹齿升运机构包括链轮传送机构和若干安装在链轮传送机构上的弹齿组件，在弹齿升运机构顶端一侧设有用于对残膜进行卸膜作业的卸膜件。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述机架在所述旋耕机构与所述弹齿升运机构之间还设有行走机构，行走机构包括一对车轮，车轮与机架通过升降部件连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述弹齿升运机构通过侧向框架支撑，所述卸膜件的两端通过侧向框架进行支撑，且卸膜件材料为软性材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述弹齿升运机构的底部设有高度可调的限深辊。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，每个弹齿组件包括一个固定管和若干个弹齿，所述的弹齿包括一体成型的弹齿螺旋和弹齿直杆，所述的弹齿螺旋部分套装在固定管上，所述的固定管轴线与链轮传送机构的传送方向垂直，弹齿直杆包括两个，两个弹齿直杆相互平行。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述的固定管的两端固定在一个链板上，所述固定管与所述的链板之间面面接触，所述的链板与链轮传送机构相连；固定管除两端位置外，其余部分为圆管结构，在圆管结构上排列有若干弹齿。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述的弹性固定管两端的上表面和下表面均为水平面，其中下表面为与链板接触的面。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，在所述的水平面上设有穿过固定管的螺纹孔，在所述的链板上设有与螺纹孔同轴设置的螺纹孔，螺栓穿过两个螺纹孔实现弹齿固定管与链板的固定。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述机架在所述弹齿升运机构的一侧设有残膜输送带，残膜输送带的两侧均设置挡膜板，且其中一个挡膜板相对于机架可打开设置。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述机架在所述镇压辊的上方设有牵引部件以用于与牵引车连接，且机架设置动力输入部件，动力输入部件与所述旋耕机构和所述弹齿升运机构分别单独连接。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述动力输入部件带动所述旋耕机构运动，旋耕机构通过传送部件带动所述的弹齿升运机构运动。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述犁铲设有多个，多个犁铲通过犁铲架与所述的机架连接，且犁铲相对于犁铲架可拆卸连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述镇压辊相对于机架的高度可调节。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，还包括压膜辊，所述的压膜辊设置在旋耕机构的后方，所述压膜辊的轴线与旋耕机构旋转轴的轴线平行；所述的压膜辊与旋耕机构之间的距离满足旋耕机构抛起的残膜与压膜辊可发生碰撞，压膜辊能破坏残膜原先的运动轨迹。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，还包括导膜板和若干除杂桩，所述的导膜板安装在弹齿升运机构的后方，与弹齿升运机构的倾斜角度相同，所述的除杂桩安装在导膜板上，除杂桩安装角度和长度需要满足的条件是：在弹齿沿导膜板向上运动的过程中弹齿的其中一个弹齿直杆可与其发生接触，并产生变形。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机，其特征在于，所述的除杂桩的排列方式与弹齿的排列方式相同。
  17. 根据权利要求1-16中任一项所述的一种弹齿耙式耕层残膜回收机的使用方法，其特征在于，包括如下内容：
    机架随着牵引车的移动而前进；
    镇压辊对田间土体进行碎土和镇压，并对机架起到限深和支撑作用；
    犁铲对田间土体进行起膜和破膜；
    旋耕机构对田间土体进行耕层残膜起模作业，并将残膜带于田间地表；
    弹齿升运机构循环动作，有效带动田间残膜上移，从而将残膜送于弹齿升运机构的顶端。
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