WO2020212800A1 - 半導体リレー、および半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体リレー、および半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020212800A1 WO2020212800A1 PCT/IB2020/053291 IB2020053291W WO2020212800A1 WO 2020212800 A1 WO2020212800 A1 WO 2020212800A1 IB 2020053291 W IB2020053291 W IB 2020053291W WO 2020212800 A1 WO2020212800 A1 WO 2020212800A1
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- transistor
- light emitting
- emitting element
- semiconductor
- light
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Images
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- H01L27/06—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components specially adapted for rectifying, oscillating, amplifying or switching and having potential barriers; including integrated passive circuit elements having potential barriers the substrate being a semiconductor body including a plurality of individual components in a non-repetitive configuration
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- H01L31/167—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto the semiconductor device sensitive to radiation being controlled by the light source or sources the light sources and the devices sensitive to radiation all being semiconductor devices characterised by potential barriers
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
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- H01L31/167—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto the semiconductor device sensitive to radiation being controlled by the light source or sources the light sources and the devices sensitive to radiation all being semiconductor devices characterised by potential barriers
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- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
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- H03K17/785—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling field-effect transistor switches
Definitions
- One aspect of the present invention relates to a semiconductor relay, a latching type semiconductor relay, and a semiconductor device.
- one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical fields.
- Examples of the technical fields of one aspect of the present invention disclosed in the present specification and the like include semiconductor devices, display devices, light emitting devices, power storage devices, storage devices, electronic devices, lighting devices, input devices, or input / output devices. Can be mentioned.
- the semiconductor device refers to all devices that can function by utilizing the semiconductor characteristics.
- Transistors, semiconductor circuits, arithmetic units, storage devices, and the like are aspects of semiconductor devices.
- a communication device, an imaging device, an electro-optical device, a power generation device (including a thin-film solar cell, an organic thin-film solar cell, etc.), and an electronic device may have a semiconductor device.
- the semiconductor relay has a first circuit and a second circuit.
- the second circuit has a first terminal and a second terminal.
- the switch included in the second circuit is controlled, and the continuity or non-conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal is controlled.
- the light emitting element is turned on, and an electromotive force is generated in the light receiving element of the second circuit.
- the electromotive force controls the switch and controls the continuity or non-conduction of the switch. Therefore, a non-contact semiconductor relay that transmits a signal using a light emitting element and a light receiving element is more reliable than a reed relay having mechanical contacts.
- the latching type semiconductor relay requires electric power to change the conducting or non-conducting state of the switch, but does not require electric power to maintain the state. Therefore, the power consumption of the semiconductor relay can be reduced.
- Patent Document 1 below describes a non-contact semiconductor relay having a latching function. Further, as for the latching function, a semiconductor relay using a memory using a transistor having a metal oxide in the semiconductor layer for storing a state is disclosed.
- Semiconductor relays are used to realize power gating of functional modules or integrated circuits for the purpose of reducing the power consumption of electronic devices.
- semiconductor relays Compared to reed relays having mechanical contacts, semiconductor relays have a problem that the resistance value of the switch is large, so that the switch becomes a resistance component and consumes power.
- the switch is used to control the continuity or non-conduction of the wiring that supplies the power potential to the functional module or the integrated circuit, there is a problem that the resistance component of the switch causes a power loss.
- Semiconductor relays used in electronic devices are required to reduce the mounting area and weight.
- semiconductor relays are required to have low resistance switches that can supply a large amount of electric power, and to be miniaturized and lightweight.
- the semiconductor relay has a light emitting element in the first circuit and a light receiving element in the second circuit.
- the light emitting element is formed by a process different from that of the light receiving element. Therefore, in the semiconductor relay, a first circuit having a light emitting element and a second circuit having a light receiving element are housed in one housing. That is, since the first circuit and the second circuit formed by different processes are used, there is a problem that bonding or molding is required and the manufacturing cost is increased.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor relay having a new configuration. Alternatively, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor relay having good electrical characteristics. Another issue is to provide a miniaturized semiconductor relay. Alternatively, one of the issues is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor relay.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device having a new configuration.
- One aspect of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics.
- one of the issues is to provide a miniaturized semiconductor device.
- one of the issues is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device.
- One aspect of the present invention is a semiconductor relay having a first circuit and a second circuit.
- the first circuit has a first light emitting element.
- the second circuit has a first light receiving element, a memory, and a first switch.
- the first switch and the first light emitting element are formed by using the first semiconductor layer.
- the first semiconductor layer contains gallium.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the first light emitting element is controlled by the first signal given to the first circuit.
- the light emitted by the first light emitting element by the first signal is given to the first light receiving element, and the first light receiving element generates the first data by converting the light into a voltage.
- the first data is stored in the memory, and the first switch is a semiconductor relay whose conduction or non-conduction is controlled by the first data.
- One aspect of the present invention is a semiconductor relay having a first circuit and a second circuit.
- the first circuit has a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element.
- the second circuit includes a first light receiving element, a second light receiving element, a memory, and a first switch.
- the first switch, the first light emitting element, and the second light emitting element are formed by using the first semiconductor layer.
- the first semiconductor layer contains gallium.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the first light emitting element is controlled by the first signal given to the first circuit.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the second light emitting element is controlled by the second signal given to the first circuit.
- the light emitted by the first light emitting element by the first signal is given to the first light receiving element, and the first light receiving element generates the first data by converting the light into a voltage.
- the first data is stored in the memory via the second switch, and the first switch is controlled to be conductive or non-conducting by the first data.
- the first switch is controlled to be conductive by the first data stored in the memory.
- the light emitted by the second light emitting element by the second signal is given to the second light receiving element, and the second light receiving element generates the second data by converting the light into a voltage.
- the first data stored in the memory is initialized by the second data.
- the first switch is a semiconductor relay that is controlled so as to become non-conducting by initializing the first data stored in the memory.
- the memory has a second switch, a third switch, and a capacity.
- the second switch and the third switch are formed above the first switch by using the second semiconductor layer.
- the capacitance is formed above the second semiconductor layer.
- the memory stores the first data in the capacity by controlling the second switch, and the third switch is turned on by the second data. It is preferable that the first data stored in the capacitance is initialized by turning on the third switch.
- the first semiconductor layer contains nitrogen and the second semiconductor layer contains oxygen.
- the first semiconductor layer contains nitrogen or oxygen
- the second semiconductor layer contains indium, zinc, and oxygen
- a part of the first light receiving element is a semiconductor relay arranged at a position overlapping with the first light emitting element.
- the semiconductor relay has a phosphor.
- the phosphor is arranged between the first light emitting element and the first light receiving element.
- the phosphor is preferably a semiconductor relay that converts the wavelength of the light emitted by the first light emitting element into a longer wavelength than the light emitted by the first light emitting element.
- the first light receiving element has an active layer.
- the active layer is preferably a semiconductor relay containing an organic compound.
- One aspect of the present invention is a semiconductor relay having a first circuit and a second circuit.
- the first circuit has a first light emitting element, a second light emitting element, a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal.
- the second circuit has a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a first light receiving element, a second light receiving element, a capacitance, a fourth terminal, and a fifth terminal.
- the first terminal is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the first light emitting element
- the third terminal is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the second light emitting element
- the second terminal is Electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the first light emitting element and the other of the electrodes of the second light emitting element
- the gate of the first transistor is one of the source or drain of the second transistor, the third transistor. It is electrically connected to one of the source or drain and one of the capacitance electrodes.
- the other of the source or drain of the second transistor is electrically connected to the gate of the second transistor and one of the electrodes of the first light receiving element.
- the gate of the third transistor is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the second light receiving element.
- the fourth terminal is electrically connected to either the source or drain of the first transistor.
- the fifth terminal is the other of the source or drain of the first transistor, the other of the source or drain of the third transistor, the other of the capacitance electrode, the other of the electrode of the first light receiving element, and the second light receiving element. It is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of.
- the light emitted by the first light emitting element is given to the first light receiving element, and the light emitted by the second light emitting element is given to the second light receiving element.
- the wiring that electrically connects the gate of the first transistor, one of the source or drain of the second transistor, and one of the source or drain of the third transistor secondly emits the light emitted by the first light emitting element. It is a semiconductor relay provided at a position that blocks light so as not to enter the light receiving element of the above, and is provided at a position that blocks light emitted by the second light emitting element so as not to enter the first light receiving element.
- one aspect of the present invention is a semiconductor device having a semiconductor relay and a processor.
- the first circuit is given a first signal or a second signal by the processor.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the first light emitting element is controlled by the first signal given to the first circuit.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the second light emitting element is controlled by the second signal given to the first circuit.
- the light emitted by the first light emitting element by the first signal is given to the first light receiving element.
- the first light receiving element generates the first data by converting the light into a voltage, and the first data is stored in the capacitance via the second transistor.
- the first transistor is controlled to be conductive by the first data stored in the capacitance.
- the light emitted by the second light emitting element by the second signal is given to the second light receiving element.
- the second light receiving element generates the second data by converting the light into a voltage
- the first data stored in the capacitance is that the third transistor is turned on by the second data. It is initialized with.
- the first transistor is controlled to be non-conducting by initializing the first data stored in the capacitance.
- One aspect of the present invention can provide a semiconductor relay having a novel configuration.
- one aspect of the present invention can provide a semiconductor relay having good electrical characteristics.
- a miniaturized semiconductor relay can be provided.
- a highly reliable semiconductor relay can be provided.
- One aspect of the present invention can provide a semiconductor device having a novel configuration.
- One aspect of the present invention can provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics.
- a miniaturized semiconductor device can be provided.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- the effect of one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the effects listed above.
- the effects listed above do not preclude the existence of other effects.
- the other effects are the effects not mentioned in this item, which are described below. Effects not mentioned in this item can be derived from those described in the description or drawings by those skilled in the art, and can be appropriately extracted from these descriptions.
- one aspect of the present invention has at least one of the above-listed effects and / or other effects. Therefore, one aspect of the present invention may not have the effects listed above in some cases.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay.
- 3A and 3B are circuit diagrams illustrating a semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the light receiving element.
- 6A and 6B are cross-sectional views of a semiconductor relay.
- 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views of the semiconductor relay.
- FIG. 8A is a top view showing a configuration example of the transistor.
- 8B and 8C are cross-sectional views showing a configuration example of a transistor.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating classification of the crystal structure of IGZO.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating classification of the crystal structure of IGZO.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating classification of the crystal structure of IGZO
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an XRD spectrum of quartz glass.
- FIG. 9C is a diagram illustrating an XRD spectrum of crystalline IGZO.
- FIG. 9D is a diagram illustrating a microelectron diffraction pattern of crystalline IGZO.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an electronic device.
- the position, size, range, etc. of each configuration shown in the drawings, etc. may not represent the actual position, size, range, etc. in order to facilitate understanding of the invention. Therefore, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, etc. disclosed in the drawings and the like.
- the resist mask or the like may be unintentionally reduced due to a process such as etching, but it may not be reflected in the drawing for easy understanding.
- electrode and “wiring” in the present specification and the like do not functionally limit these components.
- an “electrode” may be used as part of a “wiring” and vice versa.
- the terms “electrode” and “wiring” include the case where a plurality of “electrodes” and “wiring” are integrally formed.
- “wiring” may include resistors.
- the "resistance” may determine the resistance value depending on the length of the wiring.
- the resistor may be formed by connecting to a conductive layer having a resistivity different from that of the conductive layer used in wiring via a contact.
- the resistance value may be determined by doping the semiconductor layer with impurities.
- the "terminal" in the electric circuit means a part where a current input or a charging voltage input or output and / or a signal is received or transmitted. Therefore, a part of the wiring or the electrode may function as a terminal.
- the terms “upper” and “lower” in the present specification and the like do not limit the positional relationship of the components to be directly above or directly below and to be in direct contact with each other.
- electrode B on the insulating layer A it is not necessary that the electrode B is formed in direct contact with the insulating layer A, and another configuration is formed between the insulating layer A and the electrode B. Do not exclude those that contain elements.
- source and drain functions are interchanged depending on operating conditions, such as when transistors with different polarities are used or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation, so which one is the source or drain is limited. Is difficult. Therefore, in the present specification, the terms source and drain can be used interchangeably.
- electrically connected includes a case of being directly connected and a case of being connected via "something having some electrical action".
- the "thing having some kind of electrical action” is not particularly limited as long as it enables the exchange of electric signals between the connection targets. Therefore, even when it is expressed as “electrically connected”, in an actual circuit, there is a case where there is no physical connection part and only the wiring is extended. Further, even when it is expressed as "direct connection”, a case where wirings formed by different conductive layers are formed as one wiring through contacts is included.
- parallel means, for example, a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of -10 ° or more and 10 ° or less. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5 ° or more and 5 ° or less is also included.
- vertical and orthogonal mean, for example, a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80 ° or more and 100 ° or less. Therefore, the case of 85 ° or more and 95 ° or less is also included.
- the resist mask when the etching process is performed after the resist mask is formed, the resist mask shall be removed after the etching process is completed unless otherwise specified.
- the voltage often indicates the potential difference between a certain potential and a reference potential (for example, ground potential or source potential). Therefore, it is often possible to paraphrase voltage and potential. In the present specification and the like, voltage and potential can be paraphrased unless otherwise specified.
- semiconductor Even when the term "semiconductor” is used, for example, if the conductivity is sufficiently low, it has the characteristics of an "insulator". Therefore, it is possible to replace “semiconductor” with “insulator". In this case, the boundary between “semiconductor” and “insulator” is ambiguous, and it is difficult to make a strict distinction between the two. Therefore, the terms “semiconductor” and “insulator” described herein may be interchangeable.
- ordinal numbers such as “first" and “second” in the present specification and the like are added to avoid confusion of the components, and do not indicate any order or order such as process order or stacking order. ..
- terms that do not have ordinal numbers in the present specification and the like may have ordinal numbers within the scope of claims in order to avoid confusion of components.
- different ordinal numbers may be added within the scope of claims.
- the ordinal numbers may be omitted in the scope of claims.
- the "on state” of the transistor means a state in which the source and drain of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically short-circuited (also referred to as “conduction state”).
- the “off state” of the transistor means a state in which the source and drain of the transistor can be regarded as being electrically cut off (also referred to as “non-conducting state”).
- the "on current” may mean the current flowing between the source and the drain when the transistor is in the on state.
- the “off current” may mean a current flowing between the source and the drain when the transistor is in the off state.
- the high power supply potential VDD (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “VDD” or “H potential”) indicates a power supply potential having a potential higher than that of the low power supply potential VSS.
- the low power supply potential VSS (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “VSS” or “L potential”) indicates a power supply potential having a potential lower than that of the high power supply potential VDD.
- the ground potential can also be used as VDD or VSS. For example, when VDD is the ground potential, VSS is a potential lower than the ground potential, and when VSS is the ground potential, VDD is a potential higher than the ground potential.
- the gate means a part or all of the gate electrode and the gate wiring.
- the gate wiring refers to wiring for electrically connecting the gate electrode of at least one transistor with another electrode or another wiring.
- the source means a part or all of a source area, a source electrode, and a source wiring.
- the source region refers to a region of the semiconductor layer having a resistivity of a certain value or less.
- the source electrode refers to a conductive layer in a portion connected to the source region.
- the source wiring is a wiring for electrically connecting the source electrode of at least one transistor to another electrode or another wiring.
- the drain means a part or all of the drain region, the drain electrode, and the drain wiring.
- the drain region refers to a region of the semiconductor layer having a resistivity of a certain value or less.
- the drain electrode refers to a conductive layer at a portion connected to the drain region.
- Drain wiring refers to wiring for electrically connecting the drain electrode of at least one transistor to another electrode or another wiring.
- the relay includes a contact relay having a mechanical contact (hereinafter referred to as a movable contact) and a non-contact relay. Both relays have a first circuit and a second circuit.
- the second circuit has a first terminal, a second terminal, and a switch.
- the switch included in the second circuit is controlled by the first signal given to the first circuit.
- the switch can control conduction or non-conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal.
- a transistor, a diode, or the like can be used as the switch.
- the switch can control a DC signal or an AC signal.
- a lead relay having a movable contact generates an electromagnetic force by giving a signal to an electromagnetic coil included in the first circuit.
- the voltage generated by the electromagnetic force controls the continuity or non-conduction of the switch included in the second circuit.
- the reed relay has an operational problem called chattering. Chattering is a phenomenon in which mechanical vibration occurs when the movable contacts come into contact with each other, and the movable contacts repeat conduction or non-conduction at high speed. Therefore, chattering is considered to be one of the factors that cause malfunctions in electronic devices.
- the lead relay can control a large current of, for example, 1 ampere or more depending on the type or configuration of the electrodes of the movable contact.
- sparks or the like may occur when the movable contacts come into contact with each other. Therefore, the movable contacts may have poor contact due to oxidation of the surface of the movable contacts, short circuits due to fusion between adjacent movable contacts, and the like.
- the reed relay requires a component such as a movable contact or an electromagnetic coil, there is a problem that it is difficult to miniaturize the reed relay. Therefore, when a reed relay is used, it is difficult to miniaturize an electronic device such as a mobile device, a robot, or an in-vehicle device.
- a power semiconductor is known as an element capable of controlling a large voltage or a large current.
- Typical power semiconductors include IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors) and IEGTs (Injection Enhanced Gate Transistors: Electron Injection Accelerated Insulated Gate Transistors).
- the semiconductor relay uses a first light emitting element and a first light receiving element instead of the electromagnetic coil to control the continuity or non-conduction of the switch.
- a first light emitting element an electroluminescence element such as a light emitting diode (LED) or an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) can be used.
- an organic light sensor, a photodiode, or a phototransistor can be used as the first light receiving element. Therefore, the semiconductor relay can be rephrased as a non-contact relay.
- the semiconductor relay includes a photomos relay using a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effective Transistor).
- MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effective Transistor
- an organic light sensor is used as the first light receiving element.
- the process temperature for forming the first light receiving element can be lowered.
- the wavelength range of light that can be detected by the first light receiving element can be widely set from the visible light wavelength to the infrared wavelength.
- the semiconductor relay has a first light emitting element in the first circuit, and has a first light receiving element, a switch, a memory, a first terminal, and a second terminal in the second circuit.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the first light emitting element is controlled by the first signal given to the first circuit.
- the light emitted by the first light emitting element by the first signal is given to the first light receiving element, and the first light receiving element generates the first data by converting the light into a voltage.
- the first data is stored in the memory, and the first switch controls conduction or non-conduction between the first terminal and the second terminal by the first data.
- the switch can be paraphrased as a first switch in order to distinguish it from the second switch or the third switch that will appear in the following description.
- a semiconductor relay uses a semiconductor element such as a transistor for the first switch, so that the influence of a resistance component (for example, the conductance component of the transistor) is greater. That is, the first switch may cause a power loss of the semiconductor relay. Therefore, in the case of power gating control of a functional module or an integrated circuit, a first switch having a low loss like a power semiconductor is required when the semiconductor relay is conducting.
- the semiconductor relay by using a transistor for the first switch, it is not necessary to take measures against chattering. Therefore, the semiconductor relay can be operated at a higher speed than the reed relay or the like.
- the semiconductor relay is suitable for miniaturization because it does not use a movable contact.
- the semiconductor relay is excellent in reliability because the movable contacts that are generated in the reed relay are not oxidized or fused.
- Recent electronic devices consume more power as the amount of calculation of functional modules or integrated circuits increases due to the use of hardware such as AI (Artificial Intelligence).
- Functional modules such as robots or integrated circuits require a large amount of electric power to control the motor. Therefore, when power gating is controlled by a functional module or an integrated circuit, it is required to be compact.
- a first switch that can handle a large amount of electric power like a power semiconductor is required while the semiconductor relay is conducting. Further, it is required that the semiconductor relay operates without continuously applying the first signal to the first circuit during the non-conducting period.
- the second circuit has a memory.
- the memory has a second switch and a capacity.
- the first data detected by the first light receiving element is stored in the memory via the second switch. Therefore, the continuity or non-conduction of the first switch is controlled by the first data stored in the memory.
- the first circuit further has a second light emitting element
- the second circuit further has a second light receiving element
- the second circuit further has a second light receiving element
- the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element may be referred to as light emitting elements without an ordinal number.
- the first light receiving element and the second light receiving element may be referred to as a light receiving element without an ordinal number.
- the first signal given to the first circuit controls turning on or off of the first light emitting element.
- the second signal given to the first circuit controls turning on or off of the second light emitting element.
- the first data detected by the first light receiving element is stored in the memory.
- the first switch is controlled to be conductive by the first data stored in the memory.
- the first data stored in the memory is initialized by the second data converted into a voltage by the second light receiving element.
- the first switch is controlled to be non-conducting by initializing the memory.
- the semiconductor relay can control the continuity or non-conduction of the first switch by the first signal or the second signal given to the first circuit.
- the first signal or the second signal can switch the continuity or non-conduction of the first switch to any time.
- the transmission or non-conduction of the first switch is performed by controlling the first signal so as to partially overlap the second signal. Can be switched at high speed.
- the first to third switches will be described in detail.
- the first to third switches will be referred to as the first to third transistors.
- the first transistor can handle a large voltage or a large current.
- an IGBT, MESFET, or the like can be used for the first transistor.
- the source terminal corresponds to the emitter terminal and the drain terminal corresponds to the collector terminal.
- a transistor containing a compound semiconductor or an oxide semiconductor in the semiconductor layer may be used in addition to silicon and germanium.
- a transistor using a compound semiconductor or an oxide semiconductor has high withstand voltage and can pass a large current, and is therefore suitable for use as the first transistor.
- the first transistor has a first semiconductor layer.
- the first semiconductor layer is a compound semiconductor containing gallium nitride (GaN) or silicon nitride (SiC), which is a semiconductor material having a wider bandgap than a silicon semiconductor and a lower intrinsic carrier density than silicon.
- GaN gallium nitride
- SiC silicon nitride
- An oxide semiconductor containing gallium oxide or the like can be used.
- GaN which is one of compound semiconductors
- GaN can be produced by epitaxially growing a single crystal GaN on a sapphire substrate, for example, by providing a low temperature buffer layer on the sapphire substrate.
- a sapphire substrate instead of the sapphire substrate, an SOI (Silicon on Insulator) substrate or a silicon substrate may be used.
- Compound semiconductors that use nitrides include silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, zirconium nitride, titanium nitride, zinc nitride, magnesium nitride, gallium nitride, tantalum nitride, niobium nitride, bismuth nitride, yttrium nitride, iridium nitride, indium nitride, and nitride. It may be selected from tin, nickel nitride, hafnium nitride and the like.
- Oxide semiconductors can be produced by chemical vapor deposition, sputtering, or wet methods, and have the advantage of being excellent in mass productivity. Further, since the oxide semiconductor can be formed on a glass substrate even at room temperature, it can be formed on a glass substrate or an integrated circuit using silicon. In addition, it is possible to cope with the increase in size of the substrate. Therefore, among the wide-gap semiconductors described above, oxide semiconductors have an advantage of high mass productivity. Further, even when a crystalline oxide semiconductor is to be obtained in order to improve the performance of the transistor (for example, field effect mobility), the crystalline oxide semiconductor can be easily obtained by heat treatment at 250 ° C. to 800 ° C. Can be done.
- Oxide semiconductors include silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, gallium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, yttrium oxide, iridium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, and oxidation.
- nickel hafnium oxide, ITO (indium tin oxide), IZO (indium zinc oxide (registered trademark)), zinc oxide with aluminum added (Aluminium Zinc Oxide), or zinc oxide with gallium added (Galium Zinc Oxide), etc. You may choose from.
- oxide semiconductors or compound semiconductors include aluminum, yttrium, copper, vanadium, cadmium, beryllium, boron, arsenic, phosphorus, silicon, titanium, iron, nickel, zinc, tin, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, and lanthanum. , Cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, magnesium, etc. may be included.
- the second or third transistor As the second or third transistor, it is preferable to use a transistor having a small off current.
- the second or third transistor has a second semiconductor layer.
- the first data can be retained during the period of power gating a functional module, an integrated circuit, or the like. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the electric power for keeping the first light emitting element on or off.
- the semiconductor layer of the first transistor is an oxide semiconductor and the semiconductor layer of the second or third transistor is an oxide semiconductor
- the second semiconductor layer is oxidized differently from the first semiconductor layer. It is preferable to have a physical semiconductor.
- the oxide semiconductor used for the second semiconductor layer contains at least indium (In). In particular, it preferably contains In and zinc (Zn). Further, it is preferable to have gallium (Ga) in addition to the stabilizer for reducing the variation in the electrical characteristics of the transistor using the oxide semiconductor film. Further, it is preferable to have tin (Sn) as a stabilizer. Further, it is preferable to have hafnium (Hf) as a stabilizer. Further, it is preferable to have aluminum (Al) as the stabilizer. Further, it is preferable to contain zirconium (Zr) as the stabilizer.
- lanthanoids such as lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), placeodim (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), and terbium (Tb) , Dysprosium (Dy), Holmium (Ho), Elbium (Er), Samarium (Tm), Ytterbium (Yb), Lutetium (Lu), or any one or more of them may be contained.
- the In-Ga-Zn-based oxide means an oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn, and the ratio of In, Ga, and Zn does not matter. Further, it may contain a metal element other than In, Ga and Zn.
- the In-Ga-Zn-based oxide has sufficiently high resistance when there is no electric field, can sufficiently reduce the off-current, and has high mobility.
- a transistor having an oxide semiconductor (which may be rephrased as a metal oxide) in the second semiconductor layer is called an OS transistor.
- the OS transistor since the OS transistor has a large energy gap in the semiconductor layer, it can exhibit an extremely low off-current characteristic of several yA / ⁇ m (current value per 1 ⁇ m of channel width). Further, the OS transistor has features different from those of the Si transistor such as impact ionization, avalanche breakdown, and short channel effect, and can form a highly reliable circuit. In addition, variations in electrical characteristics due to crystallinity inhomogeneity, which is a problem with Si transistors, are unlikely to occur with OS transistors.
- the oxide semiconductor constituting the second semiconductor layer is an In-M-Zn-based oxide
- the atomic number ratio of the metal element of the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ⁇ . It is preferable to satisfy M and Zn ⁇ M.
- the oxide semiconductor constituting the semiconductor layer is In—Zn oxide
- the atomic number ratio of the metal element of the sputtering target used for forming the In—Zn oxide preferably satisfies In ⁇ Zn. ..
- the semiconductor layer an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration is used.
- the semiconductor layer has a carrier concentration of 1 ⁇ 10 17 / cm 3 or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 3 or less, and more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 11 / cm. 3 or less, more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 10 / cm 3, it is possible to use an oxide semiconductor of 1 ⁇ 10 -9 / cm 3 or more carrier concentration.
- Such oxide semiconductors are referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic oxide semiconductors. It can be said that the oxide semiconductor is an oxide semiconductor having a low defect level density and stable characteristics.
- a transistor having an appropriate composition may be used according to the required semiconductor characteristics and electrical characteristics (field effect mobility, threshold voltage, etc.) of the transistor. Further, in order to obtain the required semiconductor characteristics of the transistor, it is preferable that the carrier concentration, impurity concentration, defect density, atomic number ratio of metal element and oxygen, interatomic distance, density, etc. of the semiconductor layer are appropriate. ..
- the OS transistor will be described in detail in the second embodiment.
- the light emitting element is preferably formed by using the same first semiconductor layer as the first transistor. Since the light emitting element has the first semiconductor layer, the semiconductor relay can form the first circuit and the second circuit on the same substrate.
- the second or third transistor is preferably arranged above the first transistor. Further, the first or second light receiving element is preferably formed above the second or third transistor.
- the first or second light receiving element preferably has an active layer, and the active layer is an organic compound.
- the active layer of the first or second light receiving element can detect light having a wavelength of any one of the wavelength ranges from the visible light region to the infrared region.
- the wavelength range of the light is preferably 400 nm to 780 nm, or more preferably 380 nm to 1400 nm.
- the wavelength range that can be detected by the first or second light receiving element can be limited to different wavelength ranges. The wavelength range can be selected depending on the phosphor, the color filter, or the material used for the active layer, which will be described later.
- a part of the first light receiving element is arranged at a position overlapping with the first light emitting element, and a part of the second light receiving element is arranged at a position overlapping with the second light emitting element. Therefore, it is preferable that the channel forming region of the second transistor is shielded from the light emitted by the first light emitting element by the gate electrode or back gate electrode of the second transistor. Further, it is preferable that the channel forming region of the third transistor is shielded from the light emitted by the second light emitting element by the gate electrode or the back gate electrode of the third transistor. Leakage current is generated by the light incident on the second or third transistor by blocking the light emitted by the second or third light emitting element into the channel forming region of the second or third transistor. Can be suppressed.
- the wiring that electrically connects the gate of the first transistor, one of the source or drain of the second transistor, and one of the source or drain of the third transistor may have a light-shielding function.
- the first light receiving element can be arranged so as to block a part or all of the light emitted by the second light emitting element by wiring.
- the second light receiving element can be arranged so as to block a part or all of the light emitted by the first light emitting element by wiring.
- the first light emitting element emits light as long as the current does not flow between the source or drain of the second transistor. A part of the light may be incident on the second light receiving element. Further, even if the electromotive force generated by the first light receiving element is applied to the first transistor, the second light emitting element emits light as long as the current does not flow between the source or drain of the first transistor. A part of the light may be incident on the first light receiving element.
- the semiconductor relay can have a phosphor.
- an insulating layer containing a phosphor can be arranged between the light emitting element and the light receiving element.
- the phosphor can convert the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting element to a longer wavelength than the light emitted by the light emitting element. More specifically, when the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light emitting element is shorter than the wavelength range that can be detected by the light receiving element, the phosphor has a wavelength at which the light receiving element can detect the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light emitting element. It can be converted into a range (light in the wavelength range from the visible light region to the infrared region).
- the phosphor can convert the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitting element into a wavelength range that can be detected by the light receiving element. Therefore, by improving the selectivity and transmissibility of the first signal given to the first circuit, it can be reliably transmitted to the second circuit.
- the semiconductor relay can have a color filter instead of the insulating layer containing the phosphor.
- the color filter can transmit only the light in the wavelength range that can be detected by the light receiving element. Therefore, it is preferable that the color filter is arranged between the light emitting element and the light receiving element. For example, by arranging a color filter, it is possible to limit the wavelength range of light incident on the channel forming region of the first to third transistors. It is preferable that the color filter is provided so that light outside the wavelength range is incident on the channel forming region of the first to third transistors so that no leakage current is generated in the first to third transistors.
- the channel formation region of the first to third transistors is shielded from light by using a gate or back gate of the second or third transistor, wiring connecting the transistors, a phosphor, a color filter, or the like. Is preferable.
- the memory has a second or third transistor and a capacitance.
- the capacitance uses a part of the wiring that electrically connects the gate of the first transistor, one of the source or drain of the second transistor, and one of the source or drain of the third transistor as one of the electrodes of the capacitance. ..
- As the other of the capacitance electrodes a part of the wiring connected to one of the electrodes of the light receiving element can be used.
- the first circuit and the second circuit on the same substrate, it is possible to provide a semiconductor relay having a new configuration. Further, the light emitted by the light emitting element can be blocked by using the gate or back gate of the transistor, the wiring connecting the transistors, the color filter, the phosphor, or the like. Therefore, the first signal can provide a semiconductor relay isolated from the second signal. Further, it is possible to provide a semiconductor relay having good electrical characteristics, which can handle a large amount of electric power with low loss by using an oxide semiconductor or a compound semiconductor for the first transistor.
- a semiconductor relay having a configuration suitable for miniaturization can be obtained. Can be provided. Further, by having the light emitting element and the light receiving element, it is possible to provide a highly reliable semiconductor relay by having a configuration having no movable contact.
- the forming range of the light emitting element includes the anode electrode and the cathode electrode as a range. Further, the forming range of the light receiving element is the larger range of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. Therefore, when the light emitting element overlaps the light receiving element, it means that a part of the forming range of the light emitting element and a part of the forming range of the light receiving element overlap.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay.
- the semiconductor relay 100 has a circuit 101, a circuit 102, a terminal 11, a terminal 12, a terminal 14, and a terminal 15.
- the circuit 101 has a lighting circuit 110.
- the lighting circuit 110 has a light emitting element.
- the circuit 102 includes a detection circuit 120, a memory 130, and a switch circuit 140.
- the terminal 11 is electrically connected to one of the terminals of the lighting circuit 110.
- the terminal 12 is electrically connected to the other of the terminals of the lighting circuit 110.
- the detection circuit 120 is electrically connected to the memory 130.
- the memory 130 is electrically connected to the switch circuit 140.
- One of the terminals of the switch circuit 140 is electrically connected to the terminal 14.
- the other of the terminals of the switch circuit 140 is electrically connected to the terminal 15.
- the lighting or non-lighting of the lighting circuit 110 is controlled.
- a positive voltage is applied to the terminal 11 with reference to the terminal 12. It is applied.
- a positive voltage is applied to the terminal 11 with reference to the terminal 12, the light emitting element lights up.
- the light 150 emitted by the lighting circuit 110 is detected by the detection circuit 120.
- the first data detected by the detection circuit 120 is stored in the memory 130. Therefore, in the switch circuit 140, the continuity or non-conduction of the switch circuit 140 is controlled by the first data stored in the memory 130. Therefore, it can be said that the lighting circuit 110 and the detection circuit 120 correspond to a photocoupler which is one of the transmission circuits.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram for explaining the semiconductor relay 100 described in FIG. 1 in detail.
- the lighting circuit 110 includes a light emitting element 111 and a light emitting element 112.
- the detection circuit 120 has a light receiving element 121 and a light receiving element 122
- the memory 130 has a second switch, a third switch, and a capacity 133
- the switch circuit 140 has a first switch.
- the first switch will be referred to as a transistor 141a
- the second switch will be referred to as a transistor 131
- the third switch will be referred to as a transistor 132.
- the terminal 11 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the light emitting element 111, and the terminal 12 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the light emitting element 111. Further, the terminal 12 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the light emitting element 112, and the terminal 11 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the light emitting element 112.
- the gate of transistor 141a is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of transistor 131, one of the source or drain of transistor 132, and one of the electrodes of capacitance 133.
- the other of the source or drain of the transistor 132 is electrically connected to one of the gate of the transistor 132 and the electrode of the light receiving element 121.
- the gate of the transistor 132 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the light receiving element 122.
- the terminal 14 is electrically connected to either the source or the drain of the transistor 141a.
- the terminal 15 is electrically connected to the other of the source or drain of the transistor 141a, the other of the source or drain of the transistor 132, the other of the electrodes of capacitance 133, the other of the electrodes of the light receiving element 121, and the other of the electrodes of the light receiving element 122. Will be done.
- the light 150a emitted by the light emitting element 111 is given to the light receiving element 121, and the light 150b emitted by the light emitting element 112 is given to the light receiving element 122.
- the wiring that electrically connects the gate of the transistor 141a, one of the source or drain of the transistor 131, and one of the source or drain of the transistor 132 does not allow the light 150a emitted by the light emitting element 111 to enter the light receiving element 122. It is provided at a position that shields light from light, and is provided at a position that blocks light 150b emitted by the light emitting element 112 so as not to enter the light receiving element 121.
- the terminal 12 is provided with a signal complementary to the first signal given to the terminal 11.
- the voltage of "L” is applied to the terminal 12.
- the voltage of "H” is applied to the terminal 12. That is, the terminal 11 is given an inverted signal of the signal given to the terminal 12.
- the light emitting element 111 emits light during the period in which the voltage of "H” is applied to one of the electrodes of the light emitting element 111 and the voltage of "L” is applied to the other of the electrodes of the light emitting element 111. Specifically, by giving the terminal 11 a signal complementary to the signal given to the terminal 12, the light emitting element 112 is turned off and the light emitting element 112 is turned on while the light emitting element 111 is lit. During the period, the light emitting element 111 is turned off. Therefore, the continuity or non-conduction of the semiconductor relay can be controlled by one signal.
- the light receiving element 121 detects the light emitted by the light emitting element 111.
- the light receiving element 121 generates an electromotive force at both ends of the light receiving element 121 by detecting the light.
- the electromotive force becomes larger than the threshold voltage of the transistor 131, the first data is stored in the capacitance 133 via the transistor 131. That is, the capacitance 133 stores the voltage of "H", which is the first signal given to the terminal 11.
- the voltage of "H" stored in the capacitance 133 can make the transistor 141a conductive.
- the fact that the transistor 141a is conductive may be rephrased as the semiconductor relay 100 being conductive.
- the signal stored in the capacitance 133 is initialized when the transistor 132 is turned on by the voltage of "H" given to the terminal 12. That is, the signal stored in the capacitance 133 can be initialized by the transistor 132 to make the transistor 141a non-conducting.
- the fact that the transistor 141a becomes non-conducting may be rephrased as the semiconductor relay 100 becoming non-conducting.
- a diode connection is formed by electrically connecting the gate of the transistor 131 and the other of the source or drain of the transistor 131.
- the transistor 131 forms a diode connection, even if the light receiving element 121 generates a small electromotive force due to the reflected light or stray light of the light emitting element 112, the transistor 131 is not turned on and the capacitance 133 is stored. Does not affect the signal to be used. That is, the transistor 131 connected by the diode functions as a switch.
- the transistor 132 is not turned on and the signal stored in the capacitance 133 is not initialized.
- each of the transistor 131 and the transistor 132 can have a back gate.
- the back gate of the transistor 131 has an effect of suppressing fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 131
- the back gate of the transistor 132 has an effect of suppressing fluctuations in the electrical characteristics of the transistor 132.
- the back gate of the transistor 131 can shield the channel forming portion of the transistor 131 by reflecting the light emitted by the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112. Further, the back gate of the transistor 132 can shield the channel forming portion of the transistor 132 by reflecting the light emitted by the light emitting element 112 or the light emitting element 111. In addition, it is preferable to completely block the light emitted by the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112. However, the light to be shielded includes light obtained by reducing the intensity, area, and the like of the light emitted by the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112.
- the case where the light emitted by the light emitting element 111 is attenuated by the insulating film provided between the light emitting element 111 and the light receiving element 121 is also included.
- the case where the insulating film absorbs light is also included.
- the semiconductor relay 100 has a period in which the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112 shifts from the lit state to the lit state, or a period in which the lit state shifts to the lit state. That is, the response time of the light emitting element, the response time of the light receiving element, or the acquisition time due to the charge / discharge time of the capacitance 133 affects the switching speed of the semiconductor relay 100.
- FIG. 3A is a circuit diagram illustrating the semiconductor relay 100 that improves the switching speed of the semiconductor relay 100.
- FIG. 3A is different from FIG. 2 in that it has a lighting circuit 110A.
- the lighting circuit 110A has a light emitting element 111 and a light emitting element 112, and the lighting circuit 110A is electrically connected to the terminals 11 to 13.
- the terminal 11 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the light emitting element 111.
- the terminal 13 is electrically connected to one of the electrodes of the light emitting element 112.
- the terminal 12 is electrically connected to the other of the electrodes of the light emitting element 111 and the other of the electrodes of the light emitting element 112.
- the first signal is given to the terminal 11, and the second signal is given to the terminal 13. It is preferable that a voltage of "L” or a third signal is given to the terminal 12. As an example, it is preferable that the terminal 13 is supplied with the voltage of "L” during the period when the voltage of "H” is applied to the terminal 11. Further, it is preferable that the terminal 11 is supplied with the voltage of "L” during the period when the voltage of "H” is applied to the terminal 13. A voltage of "H” is given to the capacitance 133 by the first data, and the capacitance 133 is initialized by the second data.
- the voltage of "H” can be applied to the terminal 13. That is, even during the period in which the transistor 141a is turned on by the first data converted into voltage by the light receiving element 121, the capacitance 133 is initialized by the second data converted into voltage by the light receiving element 122, and the transistor 141a is used. Can be turned off. Therefore, the semiconductor relay 100 can provide a high switching speed by the first signal and the second signal.
- the semiconductor relay 100 When a voltage of "L" is applied to the first signal and the second signal, the semiconductor relay 100 causes the transistor 141a to be in a conductive or non-conducting state depending on the voltage of the first data stored in the capacitance 133. Can be retained. Further, when the transistor 131 or the transistor 132 is an OS transistor, the conductive or non-conducting state of the transistor 141a can be maintained for a long period of time. Therefore, the configuration of FIG. 3A is suitable for power gating because it can maintain a good switching speed and state of the semiconductor relay 100 for a long period of time.
- FIG. 3B is a circuit diagram illustrating FIG. 3A in detail.
- the light receiving element 121A included in the detection circuit 120 has the light receiving element 121A
- the light receiving element 122A has the light receiving element 122A.
- the light receiving element 121A has a plurality of light receiving elements 121B, and each light receiving element 121B is connected in series.
- FIG. 3B as an example, in the light receiving element 121A, three light receiving elements 121B having the same electrical characteristics are connected in series. Since the light receiving element 121B has the same electrical characteristics, the electromotive force generated by the light receiving element 121A is three times as large as the threshold voltage of the light receiving element 121B.
- the electromotive force generated by the light receiving element 121A is preferably a voltage sufficient to turn on the transistor 141a. In other words, it is preferable that the electromotive force generated by the light receiving element 121A is larger than the threshold voltage of the transistor 141a.
- the number of light receiving elements 121B connected in series is not limited.
- the electromotive force generated by the light receiving element 122A is preferably a voltage sufficient to turn on the transistor 132.
- the light receiving element 122A has one light receiving element 122B.
- the light receiving element 122B can control the time for initializing the first data held in the capacitance 133.
- two light receiving elements 122B having the same electrical characteristics may be connected in parallel. Charges can be discharged from the capacitance 133 at twice the speed as compared with the case where the light receiving element 122B is one. That is, the time for the semiconductor relay 100 to shift from the on state to the off state is shortened according to the number of light receiving elements 122B connected in parallel. In other words, the switching characteristics of the semiconductor relay 100 improve according to the number of light receiving elements 122B.
- a plurality of light receiving elements 121B may be connected in series or in parallel. Further, in the light receiving element 122A, a plurality of light receiving elements 122B may be connected in series or in parallel. The number of light receiving elements to be connected can be selected according to the switching characteristics of the semiconductor relay 100.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay 100 different from FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4 is different in that it has a switch circuit 140A.
- the switch circuit 140A has a transistor 141a, a transistor 141b, and a diode 144. Further, the switch circuit 140A is electrically connected to the terminals 14 to 16.
- the part that overlaps with the explanation of the switch circuit 140 can be referred to the explanation of the switch circuit 140, so the explanation is omitted.
- the gate of transistor 141b is electrically connected to the gate of transistor 141a.
- One of the source or drain of transistor 141b is electrically connected to terminal 16.
- the other of the source or drain of transistor 141b is electrically connected to terminal 15.
- One of the source and drain of the transistor 141a is electrically connected to the gate of the transistor 131 via the diode 144.
- the cathode terminal of the diode 144 is electrically connected to the terminal 14.
- the diode 144 can be composed of a transistor. The highest voltage among the voltages given to the semiconductor relay 100 is given to the terminal 14. Therefore, the diode 144 functions as a protection diode for the semiconductor relay 100. As an example, when the terminal 14 and the terminal 16 of the semiconductor relay 100 are electrically connected to each other outside the semiconductor relay 100, the diode 144 also functions as a protection diode for the terminal 16.
- the voltage width of the terminal 4 given with reference to the terminal 15 is larger than the voltage width of the first signal given to the first circuit. That is, the operating voltage width of the circuit connected to the second circuit can be made larger than the operating voltage of the circuit connected to the first circuit. Alternatively, the operating voltage width of the circuit connected to the second circuit can be different from the operating voltage of the circuit to which the first circuit is connected. For example, the power supply voltage of the second circuit is smaller than the power supply voltage of the first circuit, but the transistor 141a of the second circuit may carry a large current. That is, the semiconductor relay 100 has a function as a signal transmission circuit that operates at different power supply voltages.
- the transistor 141b When the terminal 14 is connected to the terminal 16, the transistor 141b is connected in parallel with the transistor 141a. Therefore, when the transistor 141a has the same electrical characteristics as the transistor 141b, the resistance component between the terminals 14 and 16 is halved, so that the magnitude of the current that can be handled by the semiconductor relay 100 is doubled. Therefore, the power that can be handled by the semiconductor relay 100 is doubled, which is preferable. Further, the transistor 141a and the transistor 141b have the same gate capacitance. Therefore, the memory 130 using the capacity 133 and the gate capacity as the combined capacity can retain the first data for a longer period of time. Further, when the transistor is used as a switch, the power loss caused by the transistor can be reduced.
- FIGS. 5 to 7 are views for explaining a part of the cross-sectional structure of the semiconductor relay 100.
- FIG. 5A illustrates the light emitting element 111, the light emitting element 112, the light receiving element 121, the light receiving element 122, the transistor 141a, the transistor 131, the transistor 132, and the capacitance 133 in the semiconductor relay 100 described with reference to FIG. 3A.
- the transistor 141a, the light emitting element 111, and the light emitting element 112 are formed by using a semiconductor layer formed on a silicon substrate, a sapphire substrate, or an SOI substrate.
- the semiconductor layer preferably has a crystal structure containing gallium.
- the semiconductor layer containing gallium include gallium nitride (hereinafter referred to as GaN) or gallium oxide (GaOx).
- silicon nitride (SiC) may be used for the semiconductor layer.
- FIG. 5A describes a semiconductor relay 100 in which GaN is used for the semiconductor layer 212.
- GaN can be generated by providing a low temperature buffer layer on the substrate 210 and epitaxially growing a single crystal GaN on the low temperature buffer layer on the substrate 210.
- the description of the buffer layer is omitted.
- FIG. 5A shows an example in which a sapphire substrate is used as the substrate 210.
- the semiconductor layer 214 is epitaxially grown on the semiconductor layer 212.
- the semiconductor layer 212 is preferably GaN
- the semiconductor layer 214 is preferably AlGaN.
- AlN aluminum nitride
- AlN and AlGaN which is a mixed crystal of AlN and GaN, are preferable as a high-power, high-frequency device material.
- a HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) having AlGaN as a channel forming region can perform even higher withstand voltage operation than a HEMT having GaN as a channel forming region.
- a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is generated at the interface between GaN and AlGaN due to the polarization effect of GaN and AlGaN. That is, in a transistor having a HEMT structure, 2DEG becomes a channel forming region.
- the light emitting element 111 and the light emitting element 112 can be formed on the semiconductor layer 212 and the semiconductor layer 214.
- the n-type region 212a or the p-type region 212b is formed by adding a dopant to the semiconductor layer 214 and the semiconductor layer 212.
- a pn junction is formed to form a light emitting element 111 or a light emitting element 112.
- the addition method includes an ion doping method, an ion implantation method, a plasma treatment method, and the like.
- the n-type region 212a is formed by adding silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), or the like as a dopant.
- the p-type region 212b is formed by adding magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), beryllium (Be) or the like as a dopant.
- the n-type region 212a or the p-type region 212b is preferably formed in a region continuous with the semiconductor layer 212 and the semiconductor layer 214.
- the n-type region 212a or the p-type region 212b may be formed only on the semiconductor layer 212.
- the dopant may pass through the semiconductor layer 214 and be added to the semiconductor layer 212.
- a conductive layer 216a to a conductive layer 216f are provided on the semiconductor layer 214.
- the conductive layer 216a corresponds to the cathode electrode of the light emitting element 111
- the conductive layer 216b corresponds to the anode electrode of the light emitting element 111
- the light emitting element 111 is formed by the region 212b.
- the conductive layer 216e corresponds to the anode electrode of the light emitting element 112
- the conductive layer 216f corresponds to the cathode electrode of the light emitting element 112
- the n-type region 212a and the n-type region 212a formed between the conductive layer 216e and the conductive layer 216f are formed.
- the light emitting element 112 is formed by the p-type region 212b.
- the positions of the anode electrode or the cathode electrode can be arranged according to the n-type region or the p-type region.
- the conductive layer 216c when the conductive layer 216c is one of the source or drain of the transistor 141a, the conductive layer 216d corresponds to the other of the source or drain of the transistor 141a.
- the conductive layer 216c has a function as a part of the wiring connected to the terminal 14, and the conductive layer 216d has a function as a part of the wiring connected to the terminal 15.
- the insulating layer 218 is provided so as to be sandwiched between the conductive layer 220 and the semiconductor layer 214.
- the conductive layer 220 may be referred to as a gate electrode, and the insulating layer 218 may be referred to as a first gate insulating layer.
- Silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or the like can be used as the first gate insulating layer.
- the off-current of the transistor 141a is reduced when the first gate insulating layer contains any one of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, and the like.
- the first gate insulating layer is preferably a SiO 2 film, an Al 2 O 3 film, or an HfO 2 film.
- a part of the insulating layer 218 is provided at a position in contact with the upper side of the n-type region 212a or the p-type region 212b. Further, a part of the insulating layer 218 is provided so as to cover a part of the conductive layer 216a to the conductive layer 216f.
- the transistor 141a preferably has a recess gate structure.
- FIG. 5A shows an example in which the transistor 141a has a recess gate structure. Since the transistor 141a has a recess gate structure, the off-current of the transistor 141a is reduced.
- the recess gate structure is formed by etching a part of the semiconductor layer 214 at a position overlapping the gate electrode forming the channel forming region and thinning the semiconductor layer 214. The region of the semiconductor layer 214 that is thinned by etching is called a recess region.
- the recess region has a high threshold voltage (no) because the depletion layer extending under the gate electrode can pinch off the channel formed by 2DEG when no voltage is applied to the gate electrode (transistor 141a is off). It has the effect of turning off the mary. In addition, a large current can flow in the non-recess region due to the increase in the concentration of 2DEG.
- the recess region of the light emitting element 111 or the semiconductor layer 214 of the light emitting element 112 is formed by etching in the same process. Since the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112 has a recess region, the off-current can be reduced. Therefore, the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112 can suppress lighting due to leakage current or the like.
- the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112 does not have to be provided with a recess region. By not providing the recess region in the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112, the responsiveness of the light emitting element 111 or the light emitting element 112 is improved. Further, the signal amplitude of the first signal given to the circuit 101 can be reduced. By reducing the signal amplitude of the first signal, the power consumption of the circuit that controls the circuit 101 can be reduced.
- An insulating layer 222 is provided on the insulating layer 218.
- a flattening treatment is not particularly limited, but can be carried out by a polishing treatment (for example, a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP)) or a dry etching treatment.
- CMP chemical mechanical polishing
- the polishing process can be omitted by forming the insulating layer 222 using an insulating material having a flattening function.
- An organic insulating film is suitable for the insulating layer 222.
- the material that can be used for the organic insulating film include acrylic resin, polyimide resin, epoxy resin, polyamide resin, polyimideamide resin, siloxane resin, benzocyclobutene resin, phenol resin, and precursors of these resins. ..
- low dielectric constant materials (low-k materials) and the like can be used.
- the insulating layer 222 may be formed by laminating a plurality of insulating layers formed of these materials.
- An insulating layer 224 is laminated on the insulating layer 222.
- the insulating layer 224 preferably has a function of suppressing the diffusion of hydrogen contained in the semiconductor layer 212, the semiconductor layer 214, or the like. Therefore, the insulating layer 224 preferably contains at least nitrogen.
- the insulating layer 224a can be laminated on the insulating layer 224.
- the insulating layer 224 preferably contains more nitrogen than the insulating layer 224a, and the insulating layer 224a preferably contains more oxygen than the insulating layer 224.
- the insulating layer 224a can supply oxygen to the semiconductor layer 230a or the semiconductor layer 230b, which will be described later.
- a transistor 131, a transistor 132, a capacitance, a light receiving element 121, and a light receiving element 122 are provided on the insulating layer 224. First, the transistor 131 and the transistor 132 will be described.
- a conductive layer 226a is provided on the insulating layer 224.
- An insulating layer 228 is provided on the conductive layer 226a.
- the semiconductor layer 230a is arranged at a position overlapping the conductive layer 226a.
- the semiconductor layer 230a is a semiconductor layer of the transistor 131.
- a conductive layer 226b is provided on the insulating layer 224.
- An insulating layer 228 is provided on the conductive layer 226b.
- a semiconductor layer 230b is arranged on the insulating layer 228 at a position overlapping the conductive layer 226b.
- the semiconductor layer 230b is a semiconductor layer of the transistor 132. Therefore, the insulating layer 228 can be rephrased as a second gate insulating layer.
- the conductive layer 226a and the conductive layer 226b can be formed by the same material and the same process.
- the insulating layer 228 is an insulating layer common to the transistor 131 and the transistor 132.
- the semiconductor layer 230a and the semiconductor layer 230b can be formed by the same material and the same process.
- the conductive layer 226a functions as a gate electrode of the transistor 131. Further, the conductive layer 226b functions as a gate electrode of the transistor 131. Further, the conductive layer 226a can prevent the light 150c emitted by the light emitting element 111 from being incident on the semiconductor layer 230a. Further, the conductive layer 226b can prevent the light 150d emitted by the light emitting element 112 from being incident on the semiconductor layer 230b.
- a conductive layer 232a and a conductive layer 232b are provided on the semiconductor layer 230a, and a conductive layer 232b and a conductive layer 232c are provided on the semiconductor layer 230b. Further, the conductive layer 232a is provided on the insulating layer 228 provided on the conductive layer 226a. Further, the conductive layer 232c is provided on the insulating layer 228 provided on the conductive layer 226b. Further, the conductive layer 232b is provided on the semiconductor layer 230a and the insulating layer 228 provided on the semiconductor layer 230b, and the conductive layer 232b is in contact with the conductive layer 220.
- a part of the conductive layer 232b is in contact with the side walls of the insulating layer 222, the insulating layer 224, and the insulating layer 228 that are exposed in the contact hole provided to electrically connect the conductive layer 232b and the conductive layer 220. .. Further, the insulating layer 234 is provided on the conductive layer 232, the conductive layer 232a to the conductive layer 232c. Further, a part of the insulating layer 228 is in contact with a part of the conductive layer 232, the insulating layer 224, and the insulating layer 234.
- a conductive layer 236a, a conductive layer 236b, and a conductive layer 236c are provided on the insulating layer 234.
- a part of the conductive layer 236a is in contact with the conductive layer 232a and a part of the conductive layer 226a.
- a part of the conductive layer 236a is a part of the side wall of the insulating layer 228 exposed in the contact hole formed for electrically connecting the conductive layer 232a and the conductive layer 226a, and a side wall of the insulating layer 234. Contact a part of.
- a part of the conductive layer 236c is in contact with a part of the conductive layer 226a. Further, a part of the conductive layer 236c is in contact with a part of the side wall of the insulating layer 228 exposed in the contact hole formed for electrically connecting with the conductive layer 226a and a part of the side wall of the insulating layer 234.
- the conductive layer 236a is arranged at a position where it overlaps with the semiconductor layer 230a and the insulating layer 234. Therefore, the conductive layer 236a has a function of a gate electrode of the transistor 131, a function of wiring connected to the light receiving element 121, and a light shielding function of preventing the light emitted by the light emitting element 111 from entering the semiconductor layer 230a.
- the conductive layer 236c is arranged at a position where it overlaps with the semiconductor layer 230b and the insulating layer 234. Therefore, the conductive layer 236a has a function of a gate electrode or a back gate electrode of the transistor 131, a function of wiring connected to the light receiving element 121, and a light shielding function of preventing the light emitted by the light emitting element 112 from entering the semiconductor layer 230b. Has.
- the conductive layer 236b is arranged at a position overlapping a part of the conductive layer 232b, and is further provided so as to sandwich the insulating layer 234. Therefore, the capacitance 133 is formed by arranging the conductive layer 236b and the conductive layer 232b so as to sandwich the insulating layer 234.
- An insulating layer 238 is provided on the conductive layer 236a to 236c.
- a conductive layer 240a and a conductive layer 240b are provided on the insulating layer 238.
- the conductive layer 240a corresponds to the pixel electrode of the light receiving element 121.
- the conductive layer 240b corresponds to a pixel electrode of the light receiving element 122.
- the conductive layer 240a is in contact with the conductive layer 236a, and the conductive layer 240b is in contact with the conductive layer 236c.
- the insulating layer 218, the insulating layer 222, the insulating layer 224, the insulating layer 228, the insulating layer 234, and the insulating layer 238 preferably have translucency.
- An organic sensor layer 242a is provided on the conductive layer 240a, and a conductive layer 244a is provided on the organic sensor layer 242a. Further, an organic sensor layer 242b is provided on the conductive layer 240b, and a conductive layer 244b is provided on the organic sensor layer 242b.
- the light receiving element 121 is composed of the conductive layer 240a, the organic sensor layer 242a, and the conductive layer 244a.
- the light receiving element 122 is composed of a conductive layer 240b, an organic sensor layer 242b, and a conductive layer 244b. It is preferable to provide an insulating layer 246 on the light receiving element 121 and the light receiving element 122. Deterioration of the light receiving element due to water or the like can be suppressed.
- the conductive layer 240a and the conductive layer 240b will be referred to as the conductive layer 240
- the organic sensor layer 242a and the organic sensor layer 242b will be referred to as the organic sensor layer 242
- the conductive layer 244a and the conductive layer 244b will be referred to as the conductive layer 244.
- the organic sensor layer 242 has a buffer layer 242d, an active layer 242e, and a buffer layer 242f.
- the buffer layer 242d and the buffer layer 242f may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure, respectively.
- the buffer layer 242d can have, for example, one or both of the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. Further, the buffer layer 242f can have, for example, one or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer. Therefore, when the buffer layer 242d has a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer functions as a hole transport layer. Similarly, when the buffer layer 242f has an electron injection layer, the electron injection layer functions as an electron transport layer.
- the hole injection layer is a layer that injects holes from the anode into the light emitting device, and is a layer that contains a material having high hole injection properties.
- a material having high hole injectability an aromatic amine compound or a composite material containing a hole transporting material and an acceptor material (electron acceptor material) can be used.
- the hole transport layer is a layer that transports holes generated based on the incident light in the active layer to the anode.
- the hole transport layer is a layer containing a hole transport material.
- a hole transporting material a substance having a hole mobility of 10-6 cm 2 / Vs or more is preferable. In addition, any substance other than these can be used as long as it is a substance having a higher hole transport property than electrons.
- the hole-transporting material include materials having high hole-transporting properties such as ⁇ -electron-rich heteroaromatic compounds (for example, carbazole derivatives, thiophene derivatives, furan derivatives, etc.) and aromatic amines (compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton). Is preferable.
- the electron transport layer is a layer that transports electrons generated based on the incident light in the active layer to the cathode.
- the electron transport layer is a layer containing an electron transport material.
- As the electron transporting material a substance having an electron mobility of 1 ⁇ 10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more is preferable. In addition, any substance other than these can be used as long as it is a substance having a higher electron transport property than holes.
- Examples of the electron-transporting material include a metal complex having a quinoline skeleton, a metal complex having a benzoquinoline skeleton, a metal complex having an oxazole skeleton, a metal complex having a thiazole skeleton, and the like, as well as oxadiazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, and imidazole derivatives.
- ⁇ electron deficiency including oxazole derivative, thiazole derivative, phenanthroline derivative, quinoline derivative having quinoline ligand, benzoquinoline derivative, quinoxalin derivative, dibenzoquinoxalin derivative, pyridine derivative, bipyridine derivative, pyrimidine derivative, and other nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compounds
- a material having high electron transport property such as a type complex aromatic compound can be used.
- the electron injection layer is a layer for injecting electrons from the cathode into the light emitting element, and is a layer containing a material having high electron injection properties.
- a material having high electron injection property an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or a compound thereof can be used.
- a composite material containing an electron transporting material and a donor material (electron donating material) can also be used.
- the active layer 242e has an organic compound.
- examples of the n-type semiconductor material contained in the active layer 242e include electron-accepting organic semiconductor materials such as fullerenes (for example, C 60 , C 70, etc.) or derivatives thereof.
- examples of the p-type semiconductor material contained in the active layer 242e include electronic organic semiconductor materials such as copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) and tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP). Be done.
- the active layer 242e is preferably formed by co-depositing an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor.
- the light receiving element 121 can be arranged above the light emitting element 111, and the light receiving element 122 can be arranged above the light emitting element 112. Therefore, in the semiconductor relay 100, since the light emitting element and the light receiving element can be formed on one substrate 210, the step of bonding the circuit 101 having the light emitting element and the circuit 102 having the light receiving element and the switch. Can be reduced. Alternatively, the process of fixing the circuit 101 and the circuit 102 to the IC case can be reduced.
- the conductive layer 232b has a function of isolating between the light emitting element 111 and the light emitting element 112. Therefore, the conductive layer 232b can prevent the light 150c emitted by the light emitting element 111 from being incident on the light receiving element 122. Further, the conductive layer 232b can prevent the light 150d emitted by the light emitting element 112 from being incident on the light receiving element 121.
- the distance between the light emitting element 111 and the light receiving element 121 is preferably within 3 ⁇ m, more preferably within 1 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay different from FIG. 5A.
- FIG. 6A shows that the conductive layer 215 is provided between the semiconductor layer 214 and the conductive layer 216a to 216f in order to improve the ohmic property of the semiconductor layer 214 and the conductive layer 216a to 216f. It's different.
- the conductive layer 215 may be referred to as an ohmic electrode. It is preferable to use a conductive oxide for the ohmic electrode.
- a zinc oxide film can be used as the conductive oxide.
- the zinc oxide film has the characteristics of an n-type semiconductor in a non-doping state, and is easy to dope. As an example, by doping with either aluminum or gallium, the zinc oxide film has a resistivity of about 10 -3 to 10 -4 ⁇ ⁇ cm. Further, the zinc oxide film can be formed by a sputtering method.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay different from FIG. 6A.
- FIG. 6B is different from FIG. 6A in that an insulating layer 248 containing a phosphor is provided on the insulating layer 238.
- the light (light 150a, 150b) emitted from the light emitting element is converted into light having a wavelength longer than the wavelength of the light by the phosphor.
- the wavelength range that can be detected by the light receiving element is preferably a range longer than the wavelength range of the light emitted by the light emitting element.
- the insulating layer 248 containing the phosphor can function as a flattening film. Therefore, the flatness of the region where the light receiving element receives light is improved. That is, the variation of the light receiving element is improved.
- the conductive layer 244 is in contact with the conductive layer 236b, the insulating layer 238, and the insulating layer 248.
- the conductive layer 244 and the conductive layer 236b in order to connect the conductive layer 244 and the conductive layer 236b, they must be connected through a contact hole, which requires a processing step.
- the wiring distance can be shortened and the processing process can be reduced. Therefore, the chip size of the semiconductor relay 100 can be reduced to improve the productivity, and the processing cost can be reduced by reducing the processing process of the semiconductor relay 100.
- the conductive layer 244 so as to cover the organic sensor layer 242, the organic sensor layer 242 can be protected from moisture and the like invading from the outside.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay 100 different from FIG. 6B.
- FIG. 7A is different from FIG. 6B in that the light emitting element 111A and the light emitting element 112A are formed on the semiconductor layer 214.
- the light emitting element 111A is provided with an epitaxially grown light emitting layer 213a on the semiconductor layer 114, further provided with an epitaxially grown semiconductor layer 215a on the light emitting layer 213a, and further provided with an epitaxially grown conductive layer 217a on the semiconductor layer 215a. Be done.
- a conductive layer 216a is provided on the semiconductor layer 217a.
- the semiconductor layer 214 is an n-type GaN
- the light emitting layer 213a is a GaN containing indium
- the semiconductor layer 215a is a p-type GaN.
- the n-type GaN contains silicon or germanium
- the p-type GaN contains magnesium, zinc, cadmium, beryllium, or the like.
- the conductive layer 217a is a conductive layer having translucency.
- the light emitting layer 213a and the light emitting layer 213b, or the semiconductor layer 215a and the semiconductor layer 215b, or the conductive layer 217a and the conductive layer 217b are formed by the same material and the same process, respectively. Can be done.
- the light emitting element 111A and the light emitting element 112A can be separated by a dry etching process.
- the semiconductor relay 100 preferably has a transistor 141a formed in a region provided for separating the light emitting element 111A and the light emitting element 112A. Further, the anode electrode or cathode electrode of each of the light emitting element 111A and the light emitting element 112A, or the conductive layer 216a to the conductive layer 216f functioning as a source or drain of the transistor 141a may be formed by the same material and the same process, respectively. it can.
- FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating a semiconductor relay 100 different from FIG. 7A.
- FIG. 7B differs from FIG. 7A in that the transistor 141a, the light emitting element 111, and the light emitting element 112 are formed on the substrate 250.
- the substrate 250 is preferably gallium oxide.
- the light emitting element 111A is provided with an epitaxially grown semiconductor layer 252 on the substrate 250, an epitaxially grown light emitting layer 213a on the semiconductor layer 252, and further provided an epitaxially grown semiconductor layer 215a on the light emitting layer 213a. Further, an epitaxially grown conductive layer 217a is provided on the semiconductor layer 215a. A conductive layer 216a is provided on the semiconductor layer 217a.
- the substrate 250 is, for example, gallium oxide containing magnesium.
- the semiconductor layer 252 is, for example, n-type gallium oxide containing tin
- the light emitting layer 213a is GaN containing indium
- the semiconductor layer 215a is p-type GaN.
- the semiconductor relay 100 preferably has a transistor 141c formed in a region provided for separating the light emitting element 111A and the light emitting element 112A.
- the transistor 141c is a transistor having a MESFET structure containing gallium oxide in the channel forming region.
- the anode electrode or cathode electrode of each of the light emitting element 111A and the light emitting element 112A, or the conductive layer 216a to the conductive layer 216f functioning as a source or drain of the transistor 141a may be formed by the same material and the same process, respectively. it can.
- the semiconductor relay 100 having a new configuration can be provided by forming the circuit 101 and the circuit 102 on the same substrate. Further, the light emitted by the light emitting element can be shielded by using the gate or back gate of the transistor 131 and the transistor 132, the conductive layer 232b connecting the transistors, the insulating layer 248 containing a phosphor, and the like. Therefore, the first signal can provide a semiconductor relay 100 that is well isolated from the second signal. Further, it is possible to provide a semiconductor relay 100 having good electrical characteristics that can handle a large amount of electric power with low loss by using an oxide semiconductor or a compound semiconductor for the transistor 104a or the transistor 104c.
- the semiconductor relay 100 having a configuration suitable for miniaturization is provided. Can be done. Further, by having a light emitting element and a light receiving element, it is possible to provide a highly reliable semiconductor relay 100 by having a configuration having no movable contact.
- the forming range of the light emitting element includes the anode electrode and the cathode electrode as a range. Further, the forming range of the light receiving element is the larger range of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode. Therefore, when the light emitting element overlaps the light receiving element, it means that a part of the forming range of the light emitting element and a part of the forming range of the light receiving element overlap.
- the semiconductor relay 100 can be formed by using a semiconductor process, it can be paraphrased as a semiconductor device.
- This embodiment can be implemented in combination with at least a part thereof as appropriate with other embodiments described in the present specification.
- Transistor configuration example 1> 8A, 8B, and (C) are a top view and a cross-sectional view of the transistor 300, which can be used in the display device according to one aspect of the present invention, and the periphery of the transistor 300.
- the transistor 300 can be applied to the transistor 131 or the transistor 132 shown in the first embodiment or the like.
- FIG. 8A is a top view of the transistor 300.
- 8B and 8C are cross-sectional views of the transistor 300.
- FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line of A1-A2 in FIG. 8A, and is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 300 in the channel length direction.
- FIG. 8C is a cross-sectional view of the portion shown by the alternate long and short dash line of A3-A4 in FIG. 8A, and is also a cross-sectional view of the transistor 300 in the channel width direction.
- some elements are omitted for the sake of clarity.
- the conductor 300 is arranged on the metal oxide 330a arranged on the substrate (not shown), the metal oxide 330b arranged on the metal oxide 330a, and the metal oxide 330b at a distance from each other.
- the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b, and the insulator 380 arranged on the conductor 342a and on the conductor 342b and having an opening formed between the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b, and in the opening.
- An insulator 350 arranged between the arranged conductor 360, the metal oxide 330b, the conductor 342a, the conductor 342b, and the insulator 380, and the conductor 360, and the metal oxide 330b, the conductor.
- the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b may be collectively referred to as a conductor 342.
- the transistor 300 has a shape in which the side surfaces of the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b on the conductor 360 side are substantially vertical.
- the transistor 300 shown in FIG. 8 is not limited to this, and the angle formed by the side surface and the bottom surface of the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b is 10 ° or more and 80 ° or less, preferably 30 ° or more and 60 ° or less. May be. Further, the opposing side surfaces of the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b may have a plurality of surfaces.
- insulation is provided between the insulator 324, the metal oxide 330a, the metal oxide 330b, the conductor 342a, the conductor 342b, and the metal oxide 330c, and the insulator 380. It is preferable that the body 354 is arranged.
- the insulator 354 includes a side surface of the metal oxide 330c, an upper surface and a side surface of the conductor 342a, an upper surface and a side surface of the conductor 342b, a side surface of the metal oxide 330a, and metal oxidation. It is preferable to have a region in contact with the side surface of the object 330b and the upper surface of the insulator 324.
- the transistor 300 has a configuration in which three layers of a metal oxide 330a, a metal oxide 330b, and a metal oxide 330c are laminated in a region where a channel is formed (hereinafter, also referred to as a channel formation region) and in the vicinity thereof.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a two-layer structure of the metal oxide 330b and the metal oxide 330c, or a laminated structure of four or more layers may be provided.
- the conductor 360 is shown as a two-layer laminated structure, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 360 may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- each of the metal oxide 330a, the metal oxide 330b, and the metal oxide 330c may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the metal oxide 330c has a laminated structure composed of a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide on the first metal oxide
- the first metal oxide is the metal oxide 330b. It has a similar composition
- the second metal oxide preferably has the same composition as the metal oxide 330a.
- the conductor 360 functions as a gate electrode of the transistor, and the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b function as a source electrode or a drain electrode, respectively.
- the conductor 360 is formed so as to be embedded in the opening of the insulator 380 and the region sandwiched between the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b.
- the arrangement of the conductor 360, the conductor 342a, and the conductor 342b is self-consistently selected with respect to the opening of the insulator 380. That is, in the transistor 300, the gate electrode can be arranged in a self-aligned manner between the source electrode and the drain electrode. Therefore, since the conductor 360 can be formed without providing the alignment margin, the occupied area of the transistor 300 can be reduced. As a result, the display device can be made high-definition. Further, the display device can be made into a narrow frame.
- the conductor 360 may have a conductor 360a provided inside the insulator 350 and a conductor 360b provided so as to be embedded inside the conductor 360a. preferable.
- the conductor 300 includes an insulator 314 arranged on a substrate (not shown) and an insulator 316 arranged on the insulator 314. It has a conductor 305 arranged so as to be embedded in the insulator 316, an insulator 322 arranged on the insulator 316 and the conductor 305, and an insulator 324 arranged on the insulator 322. Is preferable. Further, it is preferable that the metal oxide 330a is arranged on the insulator 324.
- the insulator 374 and the insulator 381 that function as an interlayer film are arranged on the transistor 300.
- the insulator 374 is arranged in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 360, the insulator 350, the insulator 354, the metal oxide 330c, and the insulator 380.
- the insulator 322, the insulator 354, and the insulator 374 have a function of suppressing the diffusion of at least one hydrogen (for example, hydrogen atom, hydrogen molecule, etc.).
- the insulator 322, the insulator 354, and the insulator 374 preferably have lower hydrogen permeability than the insulator 324, the insulator 350, and the insulator 380.
- the insulator 322 and the insulator 354 have a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.).
- the insulator 322 and the insulator 354 preferably have lower oxygen permeability than the insulator 324, the insulator 350, and the insulator 380.
- the insulator 324, the metal oxide 330, and the insulator 350 are separated from the insulator 380 and the insulator 381 by the insulator 354 and the insulator 374. Therefore, in the insulator 324, the metal oxide 330, and the insulator 350, impurities such as hydrogen contained in the insulator 380 and the insulator 381, and excess oxygen are added to the insulator 324, the metal oxide 330a, and the metal oxide. It is possible to suppress mixing with 330b and the insulator 350.
- a conductor 340 (conductor 340a and conductor 340b) that is electrically connected to the transistor 300 and functions as a plug.
- An insulator 341 (insulator 341a and insulator 341b) is provided in contact with the side surface of the conductor 340 that functions as a plug. That is, the insulator 354, the insulator 380, the insulator 374, and the insulator 341 are provided in contact with the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 381. Further, the first conductor of the conductor 340 may be provided in contact with the side surface of the insulator 341, and the second conductor of the conductor 340 may be further provided inside.
- the height of the upper surface of the conductor 340 and the height of the upper surface of the insulator 381 can be made about the same.
- the transistor 300 shows a configuration in which the first conductor of the conductor 340 and the second conductor of the conductor 340 are laminated, the present invention is not limited to this.
- the conductor 340 may be provided as a single layer or a laminated structure having three or more layers. When the structure has a laminated structure, an ordinal number may be given in the order of formation to distinguish them.
- the transistor 300 is a metal oxide 330 (metal oxide 330a, metal oxide 330b, and metal oxide 330c) containing a channel forming region, and a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor (hereinafter, also referred to as an oxide semiconductor). It is preferable to use).
- a metal oxide serving as the channel forming region of the metal oxide 330 it is preferable to use a metal oxide having a band gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more as described above.
- the film thickness of the region of the metal oxide 330b that does not overlap with the conductor 342 may be thinner than the film thickness of the region that overlaps with the conductor 342. This is formed by removing a part of the upper surface of the metal oxide 330b when forming the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b.
- a region having low resistance may be formed in the vicinity of the interface with the conductive film. As described above, by removing the region having low resistance located between the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b on the upper surface of the metal oxide 330b, it is possible to suppress the formation of a channel in the region.
- a display device having a transistor having a small size and a high definition it is possible to provide a display device having a transistor having a large on-current and a high brightness.
- a display device having a fast-moving transistor and fast-moving it is possible to provide a highly reliable display device having a transistor having stable electrical characteristics.
- a display device having a transistor having a small off-current and low power consumption it is possible to provide.
- the conductor 305 is arranged so as to have a region overlapping with the metal oxide 330 and the conductor 360. Further, it is preferable that the conductor 305 is embedded in the insulator 316. Here, it is preferable to improve the flatness of the upper surface of the conductor 305.
- the average surface roughness (Ra) of the upper surface of the conductor 305 may be 1 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or less, and more preferably 0.3 nm or less.
- the flatness of the insulator 324 formed on the conductor 305 can be improved, and the crystallinity of the metal oxide 330b and the metal oxide 330c can be improved.
- the conductor 360 may function as a first gate (also referred to as a top gate) electrode.
- the conductor 305 may function as a second gate (also referred to as a back gate) electrode.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 300 can be controlled by changing the potential applied to the conductor 305 independently without interlocking with the potential applied to the conductor 360.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor 300 can be made larger than 0 V, and the off-current can be reduced. Therefore, when a negative potential is applied to the conductor 305, the drain current of the transistor 300 can be made smaller when the potential applied to the conductor 360 is 0 V than when it is not applied.
- the conductor 305 may be provided larger than the channel formation region in the metal oxide 330.
- the conductor 305 is also stretched in a region outside the end portion intersecting the channel width direction of the metal oxide 330. That is, it is preferable that the conductor 305 and the conductor 360 are superposed on each other via an insulator on the outside of the side surface of the metal oxide 330 in the channel width direction.
- the channel forming region of the metal oxide 330 is formed by the electric field of the conductor 360 having the function as the first gate electrode and the electric field of the conductor 305 having the function as the second gate electrode. Can be electrically surrounded.
- the conductor 305 is stretched to function as wiring.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a conductor that functions as wiring may be provided under the conductor 305.
- the conductor 305 it is preferable to use a conductive material whose main component is tungsten, copper, or aluminum for the conductor 305.
- the conductor 305 is shown as a single layer, it may have a laminated structure, for example, titanium or titanium nitride may be laminated with the conductive material.
- a conductor having (the above impurities are difficult to permeate) may be provided.
- the function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities or oxygen is a function of suppressing the diffusion of any one or all of the above impurities or the above oxygen.
- the conductor 305 By providing a conductor having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen under the conductor 305, it is possible to prevent the conductor 305 from being oxidized and the conductivity from being lowered.
- the conductor having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used. Therefore, as the conductor 305, the conductive material may be a single layer or a laminated material.
- the insulator 314 preferably has a function as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from being mixed into the transistor 300 from the substrate side.
- the insulator 314 has a hydrogen atom, a hydrogen molecule, a water molecule, a nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2 , etc.), a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as copper atoms
- an insulating material which is difficult for the above impurities to permeate.
- it is preferable to use an insulating material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.
- the above oxygen is difficult to permeate.
- the insulator 314 it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, or the like as the insulator 314. As a result, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water and hydrogen from diffusing from the substrate side to the transistor 300 side with respect to the insulator 314. Alternatively, it is possible to prevent oxygen contained in the insulator 324 or the like from diffusing toward the substrate side of the insulator 314.
- the insulator 316, the insulator 380, and the insulator 381 that function as the interlayer film have a lower relative permittivity than the insulator 314.
- a material having a low relative permittivity as an interlayer film, it is possible to reduce the parasitic capacitance generated between the wirings.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, carbon and nitrogen were added. Silicon oxide, silicon oxide having pores, or the like may be appropriately used.
- the insulator 322 and the insulator 324 have a function as a gate insulator.
- the insulator 324 in contact with the metal oxide 330 desorbs oxygen by heating.
- oxygen released by heating may be referred to as excess oxygen.
- the insulator 324 silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, or the like may be appropriately used.
- an oxide material in which a part of oxygen is desorbed by heating is those in which the amount of oxygen desorbed in terms of oxygen atoms is 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or more, preferably 1 in TDS (Thermal Desorption Spectrum) analysis.
- the surface temperature of the film during the TDS analysis is preferably in the range of 100 ° C. or higher and 700 ° C. or lower, or 100 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- the film thickness of the region where the insulator 324 does not overlap with the insulator 354 and does not overlap with the metal oxide 330b may be thinner than the film thickness in the other regions.
- the film thickness of the region that does not overlap with the insulator 354 and does not overlap with the metal oxide 330b is preferably a film thickness that can sufficiently diffuse the oxygen.
- the insulator 322 preferably has a function as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from being mixed into the transistor 300 from the substrate side, like the insulator 314 and the like.
- the insulator 322 preferably has lower hydrogen permeability than the insulator 324.
- the insulator 322 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one of oxygen atoms, oxygen molecules, etc.) (the above oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- the insulator 322 preferably has lower oxygen permeability than the insulator 324. Since the insulator 322 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen and impurities, it is possible to reduce the diffusion of oxygen contained in the metal oxide 330 toward the substrate side, which is preferable. Further, it is possible to suppress the conductor 305 from reacting with the oxygen contained in the insulator 324 and the oxygen contained in the metal oxide 330.
- the insulator 322 it is preferable to use an insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium, which are insulating materials. It is preferable to use aluminum oxide or hafnium oxide as an insulator containing an oxide of one or both of aluminum and hafnium. Alternatively, it is preferable to use an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate) or the like.
- the insulator 322 releases oxygen from the metal oxide 330 and mixes impurities such as hydrogen from the peripheral portion of the transistor 300 into the metal oxide 330. It functions as a suppressing layer.
- aluminum oxide, bismuth oxide, germanium oxide, niobium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, and zirconium oxide may be added to these insulators.
- these insulators may be nitrided. Silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, or silicon nitride may be laminated on the above insulator.
- the insulator 322 includes, for example, aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), (Ba, Sr) TiO 3 (BST), and the like. Insulators containing the so-called high-k material may be used in a single layer or in a laminated manner. As the miniaturization and high integration of transistors progress, problems such as leakage current may occur due to the thinning of the gate insulator. By using a high-k material for an insulator that functions as a gate insulator, it is possible to reduce the gate potential during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness.
- the insulator 322 and the insulator 324 may have a laminated structure of two or more layers.
- the laminated structure is not limited to the same material, and may be a laminated structure made of different materials.
- an insulator similar to the insulator 324 may be provided under the insulator 322.
- the metal oxide 330 has a metal oxide 330a, a metal oxide 330b on the metal oxide 330a, and a metal oxide 330c on the metal oxide 330b.
- the metal oxide 330a under the metal oxide 330b, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities from the structure formed below the metal oxide 330a to the metal oxide 330b.
- the metal oxide 330c on the metal oxide 330b, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of impurities from the structure formed above the metal oxide 330c to the metal oxide 330b.
- the metal oxide 330 has a laminated structure of a plurality of oxide layers having different atomic number ratios of each metal atom. Specifically, in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330a, the atomic number ratio of the element M in the constituent elements is higher than the atomic number ratio of the element M in the constituent elements in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330b. Larger is preferred. Further, in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330a, the atomic number ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330b.
- the atomic number ratio of In to the element M is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330a.
- the metal oxide 330c a metal oxide that can be used for the metal oxide 330a or the metal oxide 330b can be used.
- the metal oxide 330a, the metal oxide 330b, and the metal oxide 330c preferably have crystallinity, and it is particularly preferable to use CAAC-OS.
- Crystalline oxides such as CAAC-OS have a dense structure with high crystallinity with few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.). Therefore, it is possible to suppress the extraction of oxygen from the metal oxide 330b by the source electrode or the drain electrode. As a result, it is possible to suppress the extraction of oxygen from the metal oxide 330b even when the heat treatment is performed. Therefore, the transistor 300 is stable against a high temperature (so-called thermal budget) in the manufacturing process.
- the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 330a and the metal oxide 330c is higher than the energy at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 330b.
- the electron affinity of the metal oxide 330a and the metal oxide 330c is smaller than the electron affinity of the metal oxide 330b.
- the metal oxide 330c it is preferable to use a metal oxide that can be used for the metal oxide 330a.
- the atomic number ratio of the element M in the constituent elements is higher than the atomic number ratio of the element M in the constituent elements in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330b. Larger is preferred.
- the atomic number ratio of the element M to In is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio of the element M to In in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330b. Further, in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330b, the atomic number ratio of In to the element M is preferably larger than the atomic number ratio of In to the element M in the metal oxide used for the metal oxide 330c.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band at the junction of the metal oxide 330a, the metal oxide 330b, and the metal oxide 330c is continuously changed or continuously bonded.
- the metal oxide 330a and the metal oxide 330b, and the metal oxide 330b and the metal oxide 330c have a common element (main component) other than oxygen, so that the defect level density is low.
- Layers can be formed.
- the metal oxide 330b is an In-Ga-Zn oxide, In-Ga-Zn oxide, Ga-Zn oxide, gallium oxide or the like may be used as the metal oxide 330a and the metal oxide 330c. ..
- the metal oxide 330c may have a laminated structure.
- a laminated structure with gallium oxide can be used.
- a laminated structure of an In-Ga-Zn oxide and an oxide containing no In may be used as the metal oxide 330c.
- the metal oxide 330c has a laminated structure
- the main path of the carrier is the metal oxide 330b.
- the defect level density at the interface between the metal oxide 330a and the metal oxide 330b and the interface between the metal oxide 330b and the metal oxide 330c Can be lowered. Therefore, the influence of interfacial scattering on carrier conduction is reduced, and the transistor 300 can obtain high on-current and high frequency characteristics.
- the constituent elements of the metal oxide 330c are It is expected to suppress diffusion to the insulator 350 side.
- the metal oxide 330c has a laminated structure and the oxide containing no In is positioned above the laminated structure, In that can be diffused to the insulator 350 side can be suppressed. Since the insulator 350 functions as a gate insulator, if In is diffused, the characteristics of the transistor become poor. Therefore, by forming the metal oxide 330c in a laminated structure, it is possible to provide a highly reliable display device.
- the metal oxide 330 it is preferable to use a metal oxide that functions as an oxide semiconductor.
- a metal oxide serving as the channel forming region of the metal oxide 330 it is preferable to use a metal oxide having a band gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more.
- the off-current of the transistor can be reduced.
- a display device having low power consumption can be provided.
- a conductor 342 (conductor 342a and conductor 342b) that functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode is provided on the metal oxide 330b.
- the conductors 342 include aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, berylium, indium, ruthenium, iridium, and strontium. It is preferable to use a metal element selected from lanterns, an alloy containing the above-mentioned metal element as a component, an alloy in which the above-mentioned metal element is combined, or the like.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, tungsten, a nitride containing titanium and aluminum, a nitride containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, an oxide containing strontium and ruthenium, an oxide containing lanthanum and nickel, and the like are used. Is preferable.
- tantalum nitride, titanium nitride, nitrides containing titanium and aluminum, nitrides containing tantalum and aluminum, ruthenium oxide, ruthenium nitride, oxides containing strontium and ruthenium, and oxides containing lanthanum and nickel are difficult to oxidize. It is preferable because it is a conductive material or a material that maintains conductivity even if it absorbs oxygen.
- the oxygen concentration may be reduced in the vicinity of the conductor 342 of the metal oxide 330. Further, in the vicinity of the conductor 342 of the metal oxide 330, a metal compound layer containing the metal contained in the conductor 342 and the component of the metal oxide 330 may be formed. In such a case, the carrier density increases in the region near the conductor 342 of the metal oxide 330, and the region becomes a low resistance region.
- the region between the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b is formed so as to overlap the opening of the insulator 380.
- the conductor 360 can be arranged in a self-aligned manner between the conductor 342a and the conductor 342b.
- the insulator 350 functions as a gate insulator.
- the insulator 350 is preferably arranged in contact with the upper surface of the metal oxide 330c.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxide to which fluorine is added, silicon oxide to which carbon is added, silicon oxide to which carbon and nitrogen are added, and silicon oxide having pores are used. be able to. In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxide nitride are preferable because they are stable against heat.
- the insulator 350 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the insulator 350.
- the film thickness of the insulator 350 is preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- a metal oxide may be provided between the insulator 350 and the conductor 360.
- the metal oxide preferably has a function of suppressing oxygen diffusion from the insulator 350 to the conductor 360. As a result, the oxidation of the conductor 360 by oxygen contained in the insulator 350 can be suppressed.
- the metal oxide may have a function as a part of a gate insulator. Therefore, when silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, or the like is used for the insulator 350, it is preferable to use a metal oxide which is a high-k material having a high relative permittivity.
- the gate insulator in a laminated structure of the insulator 350 and the metal oxide, the transistor 300 can be made into a transistor that is stable against heat and has a high relative permittivity. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the gate potential applied during transistor operation while maintaining the physical film thickness of the gate insulator. Further, the equivalent oxide film thickness (EOT) of the insulator functioning as the gate insulator can be reduced.
- EOT equivalent oxide film thickness
- a metal oxide containing one or more selected from hafnium, aluminum, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, nickel, germanium, magnesium and the like can be used. ..
- the conductor 360 is shown as a two-layer structure in FIG. 8, it may have a single-layer structure or a laminated structure of three or more layers.
- Conductor 360a is described above, hydrogen atoms, hydrogen molecules, water molecules, nitrogen atom, a nitrogen molecule, nitric oxide molecule (N 2 O, NO, NO 2 , etc.), a function of suppressing diffusion of impurities such as copper atoms It is preferable to use a conductor having the same. Alternatively, it is preferable to use a conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.).
- the conductor 360a has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen, it is possible to prevent the conductor 360b from being oxidized by the oxygen contained in the insulator 350 and the conductivity of the conductor 360b from being lowered.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen for example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used.
- the conductor 360b it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component. Further, since the conductor 360 also functions as wiring, it is preferable to use a conductor having high conductivity. For example, a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component can be used. Further, the conductor 360b may have a laminated structure, for example, a laminated structure of titanium or titanium nitride and the conductive material.
- the side surface of the metal oxide 330 is covered with the conductor 360 in the region that does not overlap with the conductor 342 of the metal oxide 330b, in other words, in the channel forming region of the metal oxide 330. It is arranged like this. This makes it easier for the electric field of the conductor 360, which functions as the first gate electrode, to act on the side surface of the metal oxide 330. Therefore, the on-current of the transistor 300 can be increased and the frequency characteristics of the transistor 300 can be improved.
- the insulator 354 preferably has a function as a barrier insulating film that prevents impurities such as water and hydrogen from being mixed into the transistor 300 from the insulator 380 side.
- the insulator 354 preferably has lower hydrogen permeability than the insulator 324.
- the insulator 354 includes a side surface of the metal oxide 330c, an upper surface and a side surface of the conductor 342a, an upper surface and a side surface of the conductor 342b, a side surface of the metal oxide 330a, and a metal oxide.
- the hydrogen contained in the insulator 380 is transferred to the conductor 342a, the conductor 342b, the metal oxide 330a, the metal oxide 330b, and the metal oxide 330 from the upper surface or the side surface of the insulator 324. Invasion can be suppressed.
- the insulator 354 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen (for example, at least one oxygen atom, oxygen molecule, etc.) (the above oxygen is difficult to permeate).
- the insulator 354 preferably has lower oxygen permeability than the insulator 380 or the insulator 324.
- the insulator 354 is preferably formed by using a sputtering method.
- oxygen can be added to the vicinity of the region of the insulator 324 in contact with the insulator 354.
- oxygen can be supplied from the region into the metal oxide 330 via the insulator 324.
- the insulator 354 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen upward, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of oxygen from the metal oxide 330 to the insulator 380.
- the insulator 322 has a function of suppressing the diffusion of oxygen downward, it is possible to suppress the diffusion of oxygen from the metal oxide 330 toward the substrate side. In this way, oxygen is supplied to the channel forming region of the metal oxide 330. As a result, the oxygen deficiency of the metal oxide 330 can be reduced, and the normalization of the transistor can be suppressed.
- the insulator 354 for example, it is preferable to form an insulator containing oxides of one or both of aluminum and hafnium.
- the insulator containing one or both oxides of aluminum and hafnium it is preferable to use aluminum oxide, hafnium oxide, or an oxide containing aluminum and hafnium (hafnium aluminate).
- the insulator 380 is the insulator 324, the metal oxide 330, and the insulator by the insulator 354. It is separated from 350. As a result, it is possible to prevent impurities such as hydrogen from entering from the outside of the transistor 300, so that the electrical characteristics and reliability of the transistor 300 can be improved.
- the insulator 380 is provided on the insulator 324, the metal oxide 330, and the conductor 342 via the insulator 354.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon oxide added with fluorine, silicon oxide added with carbon, silicon oxide added with carbon and nitrogen, silicon oxide having pores, or the like can be used as the insulator 380. It is preferable to have. In particular, silicon oxide and silicon oxide nitride are preferable because they are thermally stable. Further, materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxide nitride, and silicon oxide having pores are preferable because a region containing oxygen desorbed by heating can be easily formed.
- the concentration of impurities such as water or hydrogen in the insulator 380 is reduced. Further, the upper surface of the insulator 380 may be flattened.
- the insulator 374 preferably has a function as a barrier insulating film that suppresses impurities such as water and hydrogen from being mixed into the insulator 380.
- the insulator 374 for example, an insulator that can be used for the insulator 314, the insulator 354, or the like can be used.
- the insulator 381 that functions as an interlayer film on the insulator 374.
- the insulator 381 preferably has a reduced concentration of impurities such as water and hydrogen in the film.
- the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b are arranged in the openings formed in the insulator 381, the insulator 374, the insulator 380, and the insulator 354.
- the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b are provided so as to face each other with the conductor 360 interposed therebetween.
- the height of the upper surfaces of the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b may be flush with the upper surface of the insulator 381.
- An insulator 341a is provided in contact with the inner wall of the openings of the insulator 381, the insulator 374, the insulator 380, and the insulator 354, and the first conductor of the conductor 340a is formed in contact with the side surface thereof. ing.
- the conductor 342a is located at least a part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 340a comes into contact with the conductor 342a.
- the insulator 341b is provided in contact with the inner wall of the opening of the insulator 381, the insulator 374, the insulator 380, and the insulator 354, and the first conductor of the conductor 340b is formed in contact with the side surface thereof. Has been done.
- the conductor 342b is located at least a part of the bottom of the opening, and the conductor 340b is in contact with the conductor 342b.
- the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component. Further, the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b may have a laminated structure.
- the conductors in contact with the metal oxide 330a, the metal oxide 330b, the conductor 342, the insulator 354, the insulator 380, the insulator 374, and the insulator 381 are described above.
- a conductor having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen For example, tantalum, tantalum nitride, titanium, titanium nitride, ruthenium, ruthenium oxide and the like are preferably used.
- the conductive material having a function of suppressing the diffusion of impurities such as water and hydrogen may be used in a single layer or in a laminated state.
- the conductive material By using the conductive material, it is possible to suppress the oxygen added to the insulator 380 from being absorbed by the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b. Further, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water and hydrogen from being mixed into the metal oxide 330 from the upper layer of the insulator 381 through the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b.
- the insulator 341a and the insulator 341b for example, an insulator that can be used for the insulator 354 or the like may be used. Since the insulator 341a and the insulator 341b are provided in contact with the insulator 354, it is possible to prevent impurities such as water or hydrogen from the insulator 380 and the like from being mixed into the metal oxide 330 through the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b. can do. Further, it is possible to suppress the oxygen contained in the insulator 380 from being absorbed by the conductor 340a and the conductor 340b.
- a conductor that functions as wiring may be arranged in contact with the upper surface of the conductor 340a and the upper surface of the conductor 340b.
- the conductor that functions as wiring it is preferable to use a conductive material containing tungsten, copper, or aluminum as a main component.
- the conductor may have a laminated structure, for example, titanium or titanium nitride may be laminated with the conductive material.
- the conductor may be formed so as to be embedded in an opening provided in the insulator.
- CAC-OS Cloud-Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor
- CAAC-OS c-axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor
- the CAC-OS has a conductive function in a part of the material and an insulating function in a part of the material, and has a function as a semiconductor in the whole material.
- the conductive function is the function of allowing electrons (or holes) to flow as carriers
- the insulating function is the function of allowing electrons (or holes) to be carriers. It is a function that does not shed.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide has a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-mentioned conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-mentioned insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level. Further, the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material. In addition, the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide when the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material in a size of 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, preferably 0.5 nm or more and 3 nm or less, respectively. There is.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of a component having a wide gap due to an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap due to a conductive region.
- the carriers when the carriers flow, the carriers mainly flow in the components having a narrow gap.
- the component having a narrow gap acts complementarily to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows to the component having a wide gap in conjunction with the component having a narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is used in the channel formation region of the transistor, a high current driving force, that is, a large on-current and a high field effect mobility can be obtained in the ON state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxid can also be referred to as a matrix composite material (matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite material (metal matrix composite).
- Oxide semiconductors are divided into single crystal oxide semiconductors and other non-single crystal oxide semiconductors.
- the non-single crystal oxide semiconductor include CAAC-OS, a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS (nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor), a pseudo-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS: amorphous-like oxide semiconductor), and the like. There are amorphous oxide semiconductors and the like.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram illustrating classification of crystal structures of oxide semiconductors, typically IGZO (metal oxides containing In, Ga, and Zn).
- IGZO is roughly classified into Amorphous (amorphous), Crystalline (crystallinity), and Crystal (crystal).
- Amorphous includes complete amorphous.
- the Crystalline includes CAAC (c-axis aligned crystalline), nc (nanocrystalline), and CAC (Cloud-Aligned Composite).
- CAAC c-axis aligned crystalline
- nc nanocrystalline
- CAC Cloud-Aligned Composite
- single crystal, poly crystal, and single crystal amorphous are excluded from the classification of Crystal line.
- Crystal includes single crystal and poly crystal.
- the structure in the thick frame shown in FIG. 9A is an intermediate state between Amorphous (amorphous) and Crystal (crystal), and belongs to a new boundary region (New crystal line phase).
- the structure is in the boundary region between Amorphous and Crystal. That is, the structure can be rephrased as a structure completely different from the energetically unstable Amorphous (amorphous) and Crystal (crystal).
- the crystal structure of the film or substrate can be evaluated using an X-ray diffraction (XRD: X-Ray Diffraction) image.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- FIGS. 9B and 9C the XRD spectra of quartz glass and IGZO (also referred to as crystalline IGZO) having a crystal structure classified into Crystalline are shown in FIGS. 9B and 9C.
- FIG. 9B is a quartz glass
- FIG. 9C is an XRD spectrum of crystalline IGZO.
- the thickness of the crystalline IGZO shown in FIG. 9C is 500 nm.
- the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum of quartz glass is almost symmetrical.
- the crystalline IGZO has asymmetrical peak shapes in the XRD spectrum.
- the asymmetrical shape of the peaks in the XRD spectrum clearly indicates the existence of crystals. In other words, if the shape of the peak of the XRD spectrum is not symmetrical, it cannot be said that it is amorphous.
- the crystal structure of the film can be evaluated by a diffraction pattern (also referred to as a microelectron diffraction pattern) observed by a micro electron diffraction method (NBED: Nano Beam Electron Diffraction).
- FIG. 9D shows the diffraction pattern of the IGZO film formed with the substrate temperature at room temperature.
- CAAC-OS has a c-axis orientation and has a distorted crystal structure in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected in the ab plane direction.
- the strain refers to a region in which a plurality of nanocrystals are connected, in which the orientation of the lattice arrangement changes between a region in which the lattice arrangement is aligned and a region in which another lattice arrangement is aligned.
- Nanocrystals are basically hexagons, but they are not limited to regular hexagons and may be non-regular hexagons. In addition, in distortion, it may have a lattice arrangement such as a pentagon and a heptagon.
- a clear grain boundary also referred to as grain boundary
- CAAC-OS can tolerate distortion because the arrangement of oxygen atoms is not dense in the ab plane direction and the bond distance between atoms changes due to substitution of metal elements. It is thought that this is the reason.
- CAAC-OS for which no clear crystal grain boundary is confirmed, is one of the crystalline oxides having a crystal structure suitable for the semiconductor layer of the transistor.
- a configuration having Zn is preferable.
- In-Zn oxide and In-Ga-Zn oxide are more suitable than In oxide because they can suppress the generation of grain boundaries.
- CAAC-OS is a layered crystal in which a layer having indium and oxygen (hereinafter, In layer) and a layer having elements M, zinc, and oxygen (hereinafter, (M, Zn) layer) are laminated. It tends to have a structure (also called a layered structure). Indium and the element M can be replaced with each other, and when the element M of the (M, Zn) layer is replaced with indium, it can be expressed as the (In, M, Zn) layer. Further, when the indium of the In layer is replaced with the element M, it can be expressed as the (In, M) layer.
- CAAC-OS is a highly crystalline oxide semiconductor.
- CAAC-OS since a clear crystal grain boundary cannot be confirmed, it can be said that a decrease in electron mobility due to the crystal grain boundary is unlikely to occur. Further, since the crystallinity of the oxide semiconductor may be lowered due to the mixing of impurities or the generation of defects, CAAC-OS can be said to be an oxide semiconductor having few impurities and defects (oxygen deficiency, etc.). Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having CAAC-OS has stable physical properties. Therefore, the oxide semiconductor having CAAC-OS is resistant to heat and has high reliability. CAAC-OS is also stable against high temperatures in the manufacturing process (so-called thermal budget). Therefore, if CAAC-OS is used for the OS transistor, the degree of freedom in the manufacturing process can be expanded.
- the nc-OS has periodicity in the atomic arrangement in a minute region (for example, a region of 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, particularly a region of 1 nm or more and 3 nm or less).
- nc-OS does not show regularity in crystal orientation between different nanocrystals. Therefore, no orientation is observed in the entire film. Therefore, nc-OS may be indistinguishable from a-like OS and amorphous oxide semiconductors depending on the analysis method.
- the a-like OS is an oxide semiconductor having a structure between the nc-OS and the amorphous oxide semiconductor.
- the a-like OS has a void or low density region. That is, the a-like OS has lower crystallinity than the nc-OS and CAAC-OS.
- Oxide semiconductors have various structures, and each has different characteristics.
- the oxide semiconductor of one aspect of the present invention may have two or more of amorphous oxide semiconductor, polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, a-like OS, nc-OS, and CAAC-OS.
- the oxide semiconductor as a transistor, a transistor with high field effect mobility can be realized. Moreover, a highly reliable transistor can be realized.
- an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration for the transistor it is preferable to use an oxide semiconductor having a low carrier concentration for the transistor.
- the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor film may be lowered to lower the defect level density.
- a low impurity concentration and a low defect level density is referred to as high-purity intrinsic or substantially high-purity intrinsic.
- the trap level density may also be low.
- the charge captured at the trap level of the oxide semiconductor takes a long time to disappear, and may behave as if it were a fixed charge. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel forming region is formed in an oxide semiconductor having a high trap level density may have unstable electrical characteristics.
- Impurities include hydrogen, nitrogen, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, iron, nickel, silicon and the like.
- the concentration of silicon and carbon in the oxide semiconductor and the concentration of silicon and carbon near the interface with the oxide semiconductor are set to 2. ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the oxide semiconductor contains an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal
- a defect level may be formed and carriers may be generated. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the concentration of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor.
- the concentration of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal in the oxide semiconductor obtained by SIMS is set to 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, preferably 2 ⁇ 10 16 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- the nitrogen concentration in the oxide semiconductor is less than 5 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 in SIMS, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 Atoms / cm 3 or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 or less, still more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- hydrogen contained in an oxide semiconductor reacts with oxygen bonded to a metal atom to become water, which may form an oxygen deficiency.
- oxygen deficiency When hydrogen enters the oxygen deficiency, electrons that are carriers may be generated.
- a part of hydrogen may be combined with oxygen that is bonded to a metal atom to generate an electron as a carrier. Therefore, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor containing hydrogen tends to have a normally-on characteristic. Therefore, it is preferable that hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor is reduced as much as possible.
- the hydrogen concentration obtained by SIMS is less than 1 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 , preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 , more preferably 5 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm. Less than 3 , more preferably less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 atoms / cm 3 .
- This embodiment can be implemented in combination with at least a part thereof as appropriate with other embodiments described in the present specification.
- FIG. 10 shows an example in which the semiconductor relay 700 is mounted on the functional module 730.
- the electronic component 710 is preferably a processor.
- the electronic component 720 may be a memory, a memory module, an integrated circuit, or the like.
- the integrated circuit includes an image processing circuit, a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), a control circuit, a drive circuit, and the like.
- the processor can control the power gating of each memory or memory module using the semiconductor relay 700.
- the memory it is preferable to use a DOSRAM (Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory), a NOSRAM (Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor RAM), or a flash memory that uses an OS transistor as a selection switch.
- DOSRAM Dynamic Oxide Semiconductor Random Access Memory
- NOSRAM Nonvolatile Oxide Semiconductor RAM
- flash memory that uses an OS transistor as a selection switch.
- the functional module 730 has a semiconductor relay 700 and a processor. Since the description of the semiconductor relay 700 can refer to the first embodiment, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the first circuit of the semiconductor relay 700 is given a first signal or a second signal by a processor.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the first light emitting element is controlled by the first signal given to the first circuit.
- the lighting or extinguishing of the second light emitting element is controlled by the second signal given to the first circuit.
- the first data converted into a voltage by the first light receiving element is given to the capacitance via the second transistor.
- the light emitted by the first light emitting element is given to the first light receiving element via the second transistor.
- the first transistor is controlled to be conductive by the first data stored in the capacitance.
- the first data stored in the capacitance is initialized by turning on the third transistor by the second data converted into a voltage by the second light receiving element.
- the light emitted by the second light emitting element is given to the second light receiving element.
- the first transistor is controlled to be non-conducting by initializing the first data stored in the capacitance. Therefore, the semiconductor relay 700 can facilitate power gating of the memory or the memory module.
- the electronic components included in the functional module 730 may include a motor or the like.
- the functional module 730 can drive a motor or the like.
- the signal for controlling the motor may require a large amount of electric power (for example, a voltage of 10 V or more, or 100 V or more, and a current of 1 A or more).
- the semiconductor relay 700 can be provided between the wiring of the signal for controlling the motor and the wiring to which the power supply voltage is applied. Therefore, it becomes possible to control directly from the processor without using a driver IC for controlling the motor.
- the operating voltage of the processor or motor is shown as an example and is not limited.
- the semiconductor relay 700, the electronic component 710, or the electronic component 720 may be modularized or made into a single chip by using SiP (System in package) or MCM (Multi Chip Module).
- BGA All Grid Array
- PGA Peripheral Component Interconnect Express
- SPGA Stimulation Pin Grid Array
- LGA Land Grid Array
- QFP Quad Flat Pack
- QFJ Quad Flat J-readed package
- QFN Quad Flat Non-readed package
- the semiconductor relay 700 or the functional module 730 can be used in various electronic devices.
- the robot 7100 may include a battery, a microphone module, a camera module, a speaker, a display, various sensors (illumination sensor, infrared sensor, ultrasonic sensor, acceleration sensor, piezo sensor, optical sensor, gyro sensor, etc.) in addition to the functional module 730. ), And a moving mechanism and the like.
- the functional module 730 has a processor and the like, and has a function of controlling these peripheral devices.
- the functional module 730 can control the power gating of the sensor group described above or the motor that controls the operation of the robot. Therefore, the power consumption of the battery can be reduced.
- the microphone can detect and analyze the contents of acoustic signals such as voice and environmental sounds. It is preferable to use AI for the analysis of the contents. Therefore, the amount of calculation and power consumption when analyzing voice increases. While the robot 7100 is stopped, the analysis of voice by the microphone is also stopped. Therefore, the microphone requires a large amount of power during the voice analysis, and it is preferable to perform power gating while the microphone voice analysis is stopped. Therefore, it is preferable to use a semiconductor relay mounted on the functional module 730.
- the camera module has a function of photographing the surroundings of the robot 7100. Further, the robot 7100 has a function of moving by using a moving mechanism.
- the robot 7100 can capture an image of the surroundings using the camera module and analyze the image using AI to identify the user and detect the presence or absence of an obstacle when moving. Therefore, the camera module requires a large amount of power during image analysis, and it is preferable to perform power gating while the image analysis of the camera module is stopped. Therefore, it is preferable to use a semiconductor relay mounted on the functional module 730.
- the flying object 7120 has a propeller control module, a camera module, a battery, and the like, and has a function of autonomously flying.
- the functional module 730 has a function of controlling these peripheral devices.
- the flying object 7120 can capture an image of the surroundings by using the camera module, analyze the image by using AI, and detect the presence or absence of an obstacle when moving.
- the propeller module controls the state of the flying object 7120 according to the direction in which the flying object 7120 moves, the wind direction, the wind speed, and the like.
- the propeller module has a motor. A large amount of electric power is required while the motor is being driven, and it is preferable to perform power gating while the motor is stopped. Therefore, it is preferable to use a semiconductor relay mounted on the functional module 730.
- the cleaning robot 7140 has a motor for driving moving tires, a display arranged on the upper surface, a plurality of cameras arranged on the side surface, brushes, operation buttons, various sensors, and the like.
- the cleaning robot 7300 is self-propelled, can detect dust, and can suck dust from a suction port provided on the lower surface.
- the function module 730 can analyze the image taken by the camera and determine the presence or absence of obstacles such as walls, furniture, and steps.
- a camera module can be used to capture an image of the surroundings, and AI can be used to analyze the image to determine the presence or absence of obstacles such as walls, furniture or steps.
- AI can be used to analyze the image to determine the presence or absence of obstacles such as walls, furniture or steps.
- the automobile 7160 has an engine, tires, brakes, a steering device, a camera, and the like.
- the functional module 730 controls to optimize the running state of the automobile 7160 based on data such as navigation information, speed, engine state, gear selection state, and brake usage frequency.
- the image data taken by the camera is stored in the electronic component 720.
- the semiconductor relay 700 and / or the functional module 730 can be incorporated into a TV device 7200 (television receiver), a smartphone 7210, a PC (personal computer) 7220, 7230, a game machine 7240, a game machine 7260, and the like.
- the functional module 730 built into the TV device 7200 can function as an image engine.
- the functional module 730 performs image processing such as noise removal and resolution up-conversion.
- the smartphone 7210 is an example of a mobile information terminal.
- the smartphone 7210 includes a microphone, a camera, a speaker, various sensors, and a display unit. These peripherals are controlled by the functional module 730.
- PC7220 and PC7230 are examples of notebook PCs and stationary PCs, respectively.
- a keyboard 7232 and a monitoring device 7233 can be connected to the PC 7230 wirelessly or by wire.
- the game machine 7240 is an example of a portable game machine.
- the game machine 7260 is an example of a stationary game machine.
- a controller 7262 is connected to the game machine 7260 wirelessly or by wire.
- the semiconductor relay 700 and / or the functional module 730 can also be incorporated in the controller 7262.
- 11 Terminal, 12: Terminal, 13: Terminal, 14: Terminal, 15: Terminal, 16: Terminal, 100: Semiconductor relay, 101: Circuit, 102: Circuit, 104a: Transistor, 104c: Transistor, 110: Lighting circuit, 110A: lighting circuit, 111: light emitting element, 111A: light emitting element, 112: light emitting element, 112A: light emitting element, 114: semiconductor layer, 120: detection circuit, 121: light receiving element, 121A: light receiving element, 121B: light receiving element, 122: light receiving element, 122A: light receiving element, 122B: light receiving element, 130: memory, 131: transistor, 132: transistor, 133: capacitance, 140: switch circuit, 140A: switch circuit, 141a: transistor, 141b: transistor, 141c : Transistor, 144: Diode, 210: Substrate, 212: Semiconductor layer, 212a: n-type region, 212b: p-type region
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Abstract
Description
図2は、半導体リレーを説明する回路図である。
図3Aおよび図3Bは、半導体リレーを説明する回路図である。
図4は、半導体リレーを説明する回路図である。
図5Aは、半導体リレーの断面図である。図5Bは受光素子の断面図である。
図6Aおよび図6Bは、半導体リレーの断面図である。
図7Aおよび図7Bは、半導体リレーの断面図である。
図8Aは、トランジスタの構成例を示す上面図である。図8Bおよび図8Cはトランジスタの構成例を示す断面図である。
図9Aは、IGZOの結晶構造の分類を説明する図である。図9Bは、石英ガラスのXRDスペクトルを説明する図である。図9Cは、結晶性IGZOのXRDスペクトルを説明する図である。図9Dは、結晶性IGZOの極微電子線回折パターンを説明する図である。
図10は、電子機器の例を説明する図である。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体リレーについて説明する。最初に、リレーについて簡単に説明する。リレーには、機械的接点(以下、可動接点)を有する有接点リレーと、無接点リレーとがある。いずれのリレーも、第1の回路と、第2の回路とを有する。第2の回路は、第1の端子、第2の端子、およびスイッチを有する。第1の回路に与えられる第1の信号によって、第2の回路が有するスイッチを制御する。スイッチは、第1の端子、第2の端子間の導通または非導通を制御することができる。なお、スイッチには、トランジスタまたはダイオードなどを用いることができる。また、スイッチは、直流の信号、または交流の信号を制御することができる。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様である半導体リレーに用いることができるトランジスタについて説明する。
図8A、図8B、(C)は、本発明の一態様である表示装置に用いることができるトランジスタ300、並びにトランジスタ300周辺の上面図及び断面図である。実施の形態1等に示すトランジスタ131またはトランジスタ132に、トランジスタ300を適用することができる。
本実施の形態では、他の実施の形態で説明したOSトランジスタに用いることができる金属酸化物であるCAC−OS(Cloud−Aligned Composite Oxide Semiconductor)、およびCAAC−OS(c−axis Aligned Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor)について説明する。
CAC−OSとは、材料の一部では導電性の機能と、材料の一部では絶縁性の機能とを有し、材料の全体では半導体としての機能を有する。なお、CAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideを、トランジスタの活性層に用いる場合、導電性の機能は、キャリアとなる電子(またはホール)を流す機能であり、絶縁性の機能は、キャリアとなる電子を流さない機能である。導電性の機能と、絶縁性の機能とを、それぞれ相補的に作用させることで、スイッチングさせる機能(On/Offさせる機能)をCAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideに付与することができる。CAC−OSまたはCAC−metal oxideにおいて、それぞれの機能を分離させることで、双方の機能を最大限に高めることができる。
酸化物半導体は、単結晶酸化物半導体と、それ以外の非単結晶酸化物半導体と、に分けられる。非単結晶酸化物半導体としては、例えば、CAAC−OS、多結晶酸化物半導体、nc−OS(nanocrystalline oxide semiconductor)、擬似非晶質酸化物半導体(a−like OS:amorphous−like oxide semiconductor)および非晶質酸化物半導体などがある。
続いて、上記酸化物半導体をトランジスタに用いる場合について説明する。
ここで、酸化物半導体中における各不純物の影響について説明する。
本実施の形態は、上記実施の形態に示す半導体装置などが組み込まれた電子部品および電子機器の一例を示す。
次に、上記半導体リレーを備えた電子機器の例について図10を用いて説明を行う。
Claims (10)
- 第1の回路および第2の回路を有する半導体リレーであって、
前記第1の回路は、第1の発光素子を有し、
前記第2の回路は、第1の受光素子、メモリ、および第1のスイッチを有し、
前記第1のスイッチおよび前記第1の発光素子は、第1の半導体層を用いて形成され、
前記第1の半導体層は、ガリウムを含み、
前記第1の発光素子の点灯または消灯は、前記第1の回路に与えられる第1の信号によって制御され、
前記第1の信号によって前記第1の発光素子の射出した光は、前記第1の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第1の受光素子は、前記光を電圧に変換することで第1のデータを生成し、
前記メモリには、前記第1のデータが記憶され、
前記第1のスイッチは、前記第1のデータによって導通または非導通が制御される、半導体リレー。 - 第1の回路および第2の回路を有する半導体リレーであって、
前記第1の回路は、第1の発光素子および第2の発光素子を有し、
前記第2の回路は、第1の受光素子、第2の受光素子、メモリ、および第1のスイッチを有し、
前記第1のスイッチ、前記第1の発光素子および前記第2の発光素子は、第1の半導体層を用いて形成され、
前記第1の半導体層は、ガリウムを含み、
前記第1の発光素子の点灯または消灯は、前記第1の回路に与えられる第1の信号によって制御され、
前記第2の発光素子の点灯または消灯は、前記第1の回路に与えられる第2の信号によって制御され、
前記第1の信号によって前記第1の発光素子の射出した光は、前記第1の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第1の受光素子は、前記光を電圧に変換することで第1のデータを生成し、
前記メモリには、前記第1のデータが記憶され、
前記第1のスイッチは、前記メモリが記憶する前記第1のデータによって導通するように制御され、
前記第2の信号によって前記第2の発光素子の射出した光は、前記第2の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第2の受光素子は、前記光を電圧に変換することで第2のデータを生成し、
前記メモリに記憶される前記第1のデータは、前記第2のデータによって初期化され、
前記第1のスイッチは、前記メモリに記憶された前記第1のデータが初期化されることによって非導通になるように制御される、半導体リレー。 - 請求項2において、
前記メモリは、第2のスイッチ、第3のスイッチ、および容量を有し、
前記第2のスイッチおよび前記第3のスイッチは、第2の半導体層を用いて前記第1のスイッチより上方に形成され、
前記容量は前記第2の半導体層よりも上方に形成され、
前記メモリは、前記第2のスイッチを制御することで前記第1のデータを前記容量に記憶し、
前記第3のスイッチは、前記第2のデータによってオン状態になり、
前記第3のスイッチがオン状態になることで前記容量に記憶される前記第1のデータが初期化される、半導体リレー。 - 請求項3において、
前記第1の半導体層は、窒素を含み、
前記第2の半導体層は、酸素を含む半導体リレー。 - 請求項3において、
前記第1の半導体層は、窒素または酸素を含み、
前記第2の半導体層は、インジウム、亜鉛、および酸素を含む半導体リレー。 - 請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか一において、
前記第1の受光素子の一部は、前記第1の発光素子と重なる位置に配置されている半導体リレー。 - 請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか一において、
蛍光体を有し、
前記蛍光体は、前記第1の発光素子と、前記第1の受光素子との間に配置され、
前記蛍光体は、前記第1の発光素子の射出する光の波長を、前記第1の発光素子の射出する光より長波長に変換する、半導体リレー。 - 請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか一において、
前記第1の受光素子は、活性層を有し、
前記活性層は、有機化合物を有する、半導体リレー。 - 第1の回路および第2の回路を有する半導体リレーであって、
前記第1の回路は、第1の発光素子、第2の発光素子、第1の端子、第2の端子、および第3の端子を有し、
前記第2の回路は、第1のトランジスタ、第2のトランジスタ、第3のトランジスタ、第1の受光素子、第2の受光素子、容量、第4の端子、および第5の端子を有し、
前記第1の端子は、前記第1の発光素子の電極の一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第3の端子は、前記第2の発光素子の電極の一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2の端子は、前記第1の発光素子の電極の他方、および前記第2の発光素子の電極の他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第1のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方、前記第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方、および前記容量の電極の一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方は、前記第2のトランジスタのゲート、および前記第1の受光素子の電極の一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第3のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第2の受光素子の電極の一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第4の端子は、前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方と電気的に接続され、
前記第5の端子は、前記第1のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方、前記第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの他方、前記容量の電極の他方、前記第1の受光素子の電極の他方、および前記第2の受光素子の電極の他方と電気的に接続され、
前記第1の発光素子の射出する光は、前記第1の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第2の発光素子の射出する光は、前記第2の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第1のトランジスタのゲート、前記第2のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方、および前記第3のトランジスタのソースまたはドレインの一方を電気的に接続する配線は、前記第1の発光素子が射出する光を前記第2の受光素子に入射させないように遮光する位置に設けられ、前記第2の発光素子が射出する光を前記第1の受光素子に入射させないように遮光する位置に設けられる半導体リレー。 - 請求項9に記載の前記半導体リレーと、プロセッサとを有する半導体装置であって、
前記第1の回路は、前記プロセッサによって第1の信号または第2の信号が与えられ、
前記第1の発光素子の点灯または消灯は、前記第1の回路に与えられる前記第1の信号によって制御され、
前記第2の発光素子の点灯または消灯は、前記第1の回路に与えられる前記第2の信号によって制御され、
前記第1の信号によって前記第1の発光素子の射出した光は、前記第1の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第1の受光素子は、前記光を電圧に変換することで第1のデータを生成し、
前記容量には、前記第2のトランジスタを介して前記第1のデータが記憶され、
前記第1のトランジスタは、前記容量が記憶する前記第1のデータによって導通するように制御され、
前記第2の信号によって前記第2の発光素子の射出した光は、前記第2の受光素子に与えられ、
前記第2の受光素子は、前記光を電圧に変換することで第2のデータを生成し、
前記容量に記憶される前記第1のデータは、前記第2のデータによって前記第3のトランジスタがオン状態になることで初期化され、
前記第1のトランジスタは、前記容量が記憶する前記第1のデータが初期化されることによって非導通になるように制御され、
前記プロセッサによって与えられる前記第1の信号の電圧幅よりも、前記第5の端子を基準に与えられる前記第4の端子の電圧幅の方が大きい、半導体装置。
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- 2020-04-07 JP JP2021514661A patent/JPWO2020212800A1/ja active Pending
- 2020-04-07 WO PCT/IB2020/053291 patent/WO2020212800A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-04-07 CN CN202080026016.3A patent/CN113646905A/zh active Pending
- 2020-04-07 KR KR1020217035421A patent/KR20210154173A/ko unknown
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Also Published As
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JPWO2020212800A1 (ja) | 2020-10-22 |
US11758745B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
US20220190270A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
CN113646905A (zh) | 2021-11-12 |
KR20210154173A (ko) | 2021-12-20 |
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