WO2020207133A1 - 一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置 - Google Patents

一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020207133A1
WO2020207133A1 PCT/CN2020/076508 CN2020076508W WO2020207133A1 WO 2020207133 A1 WO2020207133 A1 WO 2020207133A1 CN 2020076508 W CN2020076508 W CN 2020076508W WO 2020207133 A1 WO2020207133 A1 WO 2020207133A1
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flexible
floating
garbage
net
floating body
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PCT/CN2020/076508
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English (en)
French (fr)
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嵇春艳
叶仁传
崔杰
郭建廷
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江苏科技大学
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Priority to US17/260,238 priority Critical patent/US11396731B2/en
Publication of WO2020207133A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020207133A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/06—Barriers therefor construed for applying processing agents or for collecting pollutants, e.g. absorbent
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E02B15/0807—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material with stabilising elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
    • E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
    • E02B15/08—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material
    • E02B15/0814—Devices for reducing the polluted area with or without additional devices for removing the material with underwater curtains

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  • the invention belongs to marine structure technology, and specifically relates to a floating garbage cleaning device for floating garbage on water.
  • Marine floating debris and microplastic pollution are emerging global marine environmental issues that have attracted much attention. Most marine floating debris releases toxic substances during the slow degradation process. On the one hand, the formed microplastics may be eaten by marine organisms. Degraded garbage may entangle marine organisms and hinder their ability to move, thereby posing a fatal threat to marine animals; on the other hand, degraded plastic becomes countless microplastic fragments, which accumulate in animals and plants through the food chain, and lead to human ingestion plastic. Studies at home and abroad have shown that microplastics have spread throughout the ocean. The pollution status of microplastics in organisms and the ecological effects and health risks caused by them are the top priority of current international microplastics research.
  • the objective of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a floating garbage cleaning device for floating on water, which can quickly clean up floating garbage in a large area of open water.
  • a floating garbage cleaning device for floating garbage on water includes a plurality of single-section flexible floating bodies, stabilizing buoys, interception net skirts, garbage collection nets, and mooring systems.
  • the floating bodies are connected in turn to form an overall arc-shaped ultra-long flexible floating body. Every two adjacent single-section flexible floating bodies are connected by a butt (for example, each flexible floating body is equipped with a butt at both ends, and each single-section flexible
  • the floating bodies are connected head and tail in turn), each single-section flexible floating body includes a number of longitudinal flexible rods, flexible horizontal nets and flexible longitudinal nets. The two ends of the longitudinal flexible rods are respectively connected to the butt connectors at the two ends of the corresponding single-section flexible floating body.
  • Each longitudinal flexible rod is covered with a flexible horizontal net and a flexible longitudinal net at intervals, and a number of buoyancy balls are arranged in each single-section flexible floating body; the stabilizing buoy is fixed (welded or riveted) with the main body of the ultra-long flexible floating body;
  • the interception net skirt is set at the bottom of the super-long flexible floating body.
  • the bottom of the interception net skirt is equipped with counterweights (which can prevent floating garbage from escaping from under the floating body. For example, a number of weight balls are hung on the bottom of the interception net skirt to ensure The net skirt is perpendicular to the flow velocity direction); the garbage collection net is arranged between two adjacent single-section flexible floating bodies; the main body of the ultra-long flexible floating body is provided with a mooring system.
  • the single-section flexible floating body is in the shape of a buoy, and a barrier net is installed between every two adjacent single-section flexible floating bodies (to prevent the buoyancy ball from escaping or leaking, thereby maintaining the buoyancy of each section Stability), a garbage collection net is hung between two adjacent barrier nets, and the garbage nets are arranged at intervals.
  • the stabilizing buoy In order to enhance the stability of the overall device, there are several stabilizing buoys, and a number of solar power panels are arranged between the stabilizing buoy and the single flexible floating body.
  • the solar power panels provide energy for the entire device, for example, for installation in a floating cleaning device And the controller or warning light on the shore power supply.
  • the mooring system includes a mooring line and an anchor.
  • the third mooring line One end is connected with the transition buoy and the other end is anchored to the bottom of the water; the transition buoy is arranged near the middle of the arc-shaped opening.
  • the role of the transition buoy is to connect the surface cable and the mooring cable to reduce the downward force of the super-long flexible body.
  • the specific location is determined according to the main dimensions of the garbage cleaning system, and the installation location is near the middle of the arc-shaped opening.
  • the device is also provided with positioning cables, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the ultra-long flexible floating body to maintain a certain arc shape, and the shape and curvature of the ultra-long flexible floating body are adjusted by changing the length of the positioning cable.
  • the longitudinal flexible rod is made of polymer PV material, and the flexible horizontal net and the flexible vertical net are made of ultra-high molecular weight flexible net.
  • the present invention uses the external force of wind, waves and currents to gather floating garbage to the collection area of the device for collection.
  • the design of this device fully considers the changing factors of wind, wave and current direction.
  • the whole device can change with the direction of floating garbage, filling the gaps in the field of floating garbage on water and the design of floating garbage cleaning devices in China.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the mooring system can be arranged at fixed points, which is suitable for areas where garbage passes through or where garbage is concentrated in open water, and has strong applicability;
  • Figure 1 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the invention
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged view of section A-A in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the B-B section in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a floating garbage net bag to be transported after packing in an embodiment.
  • an efficient floating garbage cleaning device for floating garbage on water of the present invention includes several single-segment flexible floating bodies, stable buoys, interception net skirts, garbage collection nets and mooring systems .
  • Each single-section flexible floating body 17 is connected in turn to form an ultra-long flexible floating body main body that intercepts floating garbage on the water surface in a large area.
  • Each single-section flexible floating body 17 includes a longitudinal flexible rod 1, a horizontal fixed structure 13, a buoyancy ball 10, a flexible horizontal net 11, and a flexible longitudinal The net 14 and the blocking net 16 between the sections.
  • each single-section flexible floating body 17 is hung with an interception net skirt 3 for preventing floating garbage from escaping, and the bottom of the interception net skirt 3 is hung to ensure that the interception net skirt 3 is perpendicular to the flow velocity.
  • Directional counterweight ball 4. Floating garbage moves under the load of waves, waves and currents, enters the elliptical ultra-long flexible floating body, is intercepted, and then gradually enters the garbage collection net 6, which is similar to a fishing net. Once the floating garbage enters, it is difficult to escape. After the garbage collection network 6 is full, the garbage collection network will automatically pack and wait for the garbage transport ship to transport through the remote control.
  • the garbage cleaning device rotates along the mooring point as a whole, and sends floating garbage into the garbage collection net 6 through the motion of waves, waves and currents.
  • the main body of the ultra-long flexible floating body in the present invention is composed of a single section of flexible floating body 17 connected in sequence, except for the single section of the garbage collection net 6.
  • the buoyancy ball 10 is not placed outside (the function of not placing the buoyancy ball here is to allow floating garbage to enter the garbage collection net through the ultra-long flexible floating body and then be packed), and a large number of buoyancy balls 10 are placed in other sections to ensure the entire structure Floating on the water.
  • the super-long flexible floating body section with stabilizing buoy 2 and solar power generation board 5 has been installed before transportation, and assembled after being transported to the sea; the entire structure after the single-section flexible floating body is separated from the single-section flexible floating body It can still work normally, and the separated single-section flexible floating body can be repaired and installed again. Therefore, the entire system has excellent safety, low manufacturing price and high stability.
  • the positioning cable 7 needs to be installed at both ends of the ultra-long flexible floating body.
  • the positioning cable 7 is used to keep the ultra-long flexible floating body in a certain arc shape to facilitate the collection of oncoming garbage.
  • the installation of the positioning cable 7 needs to be tightened by the power of the transport ship.
  • the positioning cable 7 is fixed at one end and the other end is tightened by the power of the transport ship.
  • the present invention can realize fixed-point arrangement through the mooring system, which is suitable for the garbage concentrated area in the offshore sea area; at the same time, it has the garbage packing function, realizes the automatic garbage collection, and has high collection efficiency; the present invention has mobility, namely It can be arranged in different waters by shifting the mooring system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，若干节单节柔性浮体依次连接形成整体呈弧形的超长柔性浮体主体，每相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间通过对接器连接，各单节柔性浮体中纵向柔性杆的两端分别与对应单节柔性浮体两端的横向固定结构相连，各个纵向柔性杆之间间隔覆盖有柔性横向网和柔性纵向网；稳定浮筒与超长柔性浮体主体固定；拦截网裙设置于超长柔性浮体主体底部，拦截网裙的底部配有配重；垃圾收集网设置于相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间；超长柔性浮体主体上设有系泊系统。本发明通过系泊系统定点布置，适用于近海海域垃圾集中区域；并能够实现垃圾收集自动化，收集效率高；还可通过系泊系统移位可实现在不同水域布置。

Description

一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置 技术领域
本发明属于海洋结构物技术，具体涉及一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置。
背景技术
随着水上结构物设计制造技术不断升级，人类在开放水域开展的活动越来越多，沿岸的人口越来越密集、江海内贸易越来越频繁、海岛及远海旅游人数持续攀升，给江河湖海的生态环境带来了巨大的压力。由于人类几千年的活动区域均集中在陆地，随着近代技术的发展，人类逐渐认识、开发并利用海洋，海洋开发目前还处于探索中，因此针对开放水域的环境保护法律机制和开放海域垃圾清理装置也都处于探索中。最新卫星云图显示，仅中国南海海域的漂浮垃圾年增长量超过6万吨，漂浮垃圾污染十分严重。而海洋漂浮垃圾与微塑料污染是备受关注的全球性新兴海洋环境问题，大部分海洋漂浮垃圾在缓慢降解过程中会释放有毒物质，形成的微塑料一方面有可能被海洋生物误食，未降解的垃圾可能缠绕海洋生物阻碍其行动能力，从而对海洋动物构成致命威胁；另一方面，已降解的塑料成为无数的微塑料碎片，这些碎片通过食物链累积于动植物体内，并导致人类摄入塑料。国内外研究表明，微塑料已遍布整个海洋，生物体中微塑料的污染状况以及造成的生态效应和健康风险是当前国际微塑料研究的重中之重。
因此为了保护开放水域的生态环境，尽快设计出适用于开放水域高效的垃圾清理装置对于海洋环境保护极其重要。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种用于水上漂浮的浮式垃圾清理装置，能够快速清理大面积开放水域的漂浮垃圾。
技术方案：本发明的一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，包括若干节单节柔性浮体、稳定浮筒、拦截网裙、垃圾收集网和系泊系统，所述若干节单节柔性浮体依次连接形成整体呈弧形的超长柔性浮体主体，每相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间通过对接器连接(例如每个柔性浮体的两端均设有一个对接器，各个单节柔性浮体之间头尾依次相连)，每个单节柔性浮体均包括若干纵向柔性杆、柔 性横向网和柔性纵向网，纵向柔性杆的两端分别与对应单节柔性浮体两端的对接器进行对接，各个纵向柔性杆之间间隔覆盖有柔性横向网和柔性纵向网，整个每个单节柔性浮体中设有若干浮力球；所述稳定浮筒与超长柔性浮体主体固定(焊接或者铆接)；所述拦截网裙设置于超长柔性浮体主体底部，拦截网裙的底部配有配重(能够防止漂浮垃圾从浮体下逃脱，例如在拦截网裙的底部悬挂若干配重球，这些配重球能够保证网裙垂直于流速方向)；所述垃圾收集网设置于相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间；所述超长柔性浮体主体上设有系泊系统。
进一步，为了增加整个装置的浮力，单节柔性浮体整体呈浮筒状，每相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间安装有阻隔网(能够防止浮力球乱窜或者漏出，进而保持每一节的浮力稳定性)，相邻两个阻隔网之间悬挂一个垃圾收集网，同时垃圾网是间隔布置。
为增强整体装置的稳定性能，所述稳定浮筒设有若干个，稳定浮筒与单节柔性浮体之间设有若干太阳能发电板，太阳能发电板为整个装置提供能量，例如为安装于浮式清理装置和岸上的控制器或警示灯供电。
进一步的，所述系泊系统包括系泊缆绳和锚，所述系泊缆绳共设三根，其中两根系泊缆绳的两端均分别连接于单节柔性浮体和过渡浮筒，第三根系泊缆绳的一端与过渡浮筒相连且另一端通过锚固定于水底；所述过渡浮筒设置于弧形开口处中部附近。其中过渡浮筒的作用是连接水面缆绳和系泊缆绳，减少超长柔性体向下的力。具体位置根据垃圾清理系统的主尺度确定，安装位置位于弧形开口处中部附近。
该装置上还设有定位缆绳，定位缆绳分别连接超长柔性浮体主体的两端处使其保持一定的弧形，通过改变定位缆绳的长度调整超长柔性浮体主体的形状和弧度。
为增强抗腐蚀性、减少水生物的附着以及增强整体装置的韧性，所述的纵向柔性杆采用高分子PV材料制成，柔性横向网和柔性纵向网采用超高分子量柔性网制成。
有益效果：本发明借助风、浪、流的外力汇聚漂浮垃圾至装置收集区域进行收集。本装置的设计充分考虑了风、浪、流方向的变化因素，整个装置能随着漂浮垃圾方向的变化而变化，填补国内在水上漂浮垃圾领域及水上漂浮垃圾清理装置设计领域的空白。与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：
(1)通过系泊系统可定点布置，适用于开放水域垃圾经过或垃圾集中的区域，适用性强；
(2)具有垃圾打包功能，实现垃圾收集自动化，清理效率高；
(3)有可迁移性和快速拆装，通过系泊系统移位可实现在不同水域的布置，经济性好。
附图说明
图1为本发明的整体结构俯视图；
图2为发明的整体结构主视图；
图3为图1中A-A剖面放大图；
图4为图1中B-B剖面放大图；
图5为本发明的的立体结构示意图；
图6为实施例中打包后待运输的漂浮垃圾网袋示意图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明技术方案进行详细说明，但是本发明的保护范围不局限于所述实施例。
如图1至图4所示，本发明的一种高效的用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，包括若干节单节柔性浮体、稳定浮筒、拦截网裙、垃圾收集网和系泊系统。各个单节柔性浮体17依次连接组成大面积拦截水面漂浮垃圾的超长柔性浮体主体，各单节柔性浮体17包括纵向柔性杆1、横向固定结构13、浮力球10、柔性横向网11、柔性纵向网14以及节与节之间的阻隔网16，各单节柔性浮体17底端悬挂有用于防止漂浮垃圾逃脱的拦截网裙3，拦截网裙3底部悬挂有用于保证拦截网裙3垂直于流速方向的配重小球4。漂浮垃圾在波、浪、流载荷的作用下运动，进入椭圆形超长柔性浮体内被拦截，然后逐步进入垃圾收集网6，垃圾收集网6类似于渔网，一旦漂浮垃圾进入后很难再逃脱，待垃圾收集网6垃圾聚满后，垃圾收集网将通过远程控制自动打包等待垃圾运输船的运输。
垃圾清理装置整体沿着系泊点转动，通过波、浪、流的运动将漂浮垃圾送入垃圾收集网6。
本实施例中，为便于运输和整体结构的安全性，本发明中的超长柔性浮体主体是由单节柔性浮体17一节节依次连接拼装组合而成，除安装垃圾收集网6的单节未放置浮力球10外(此处不放置浮力球的作用是为了让漂浮垃圾通过超长 柔性浮体进入垃圾收集网然6后进行打包)，其他节均放置大量的浮力球10，以保证整个结构漂浮在水面上。
其中装有稳定浮筒2和太阳能发电板5的超长柔性浮体节分段在运输之前均已安装完毕，运输到海上后进行拼装；单节柔性浮体与单节柔性浮体之间发生脱离后整个结构仍能正常工作，脱离的单节柔性浮体能够重新修理并安装，因此整个系统安全性极好、制造价格便宜和稳定性高。
超长柔性浮体组装完成后，开始沿着超长柔性浮体主体的底部布置拦截网裙3，其中配重小球4前期已安装在拦截网裙3上，待拦截网裙3全部安装完成后开始安装垃圾收集网6；垃圾收集网6安装完成后需将定位缆绳7安装在超长柔性浮体两端，定位缆绳7的作用是将超长柔性浮体保持一定的弧形以便于收集迎面漂浮的垃圾，定位缆绳7的安装需要通过运输船的动力进行收紧。定位缆绳7一端固定后其另一端通过运输船的动力进行收紧，当超长柔性浮体达到预设的形状后将定位缆绳7锁紧，超长柔性浮体及其配套设备安装完成；最后安装整个系泊系统。
首先将两根水上部分系泊缆绳8连接在超长柔性浮体和过渡浮筒9上，最后将连接于海底的系泊缆绳8一端连接在过渡浮筒10上，且另一端通过锚12固定在水底，整个系统能通过系泊缆绳绕水底固定端点旋转，这样能够保证装置在任何方向的风、浪、流载荷作用下有效收集漂浮垃圾。
传统的水上漂浮垃圾回收方法和装置(人工小船清理、专业的垃圾清理船和海上垃圾清理桶等)不仅价格高昂、效率低且大多只适用于垃圾量较少的某些特定水域，在台风、风暴潮及恶劣海况等海洋漂浮垃圾严重时很难发挥作用，国内针对大面积开放海域漂浮垃圾清理理论和应用研究仍处于空白阶段。
通过上述实施例可以看出，本发明通过系泊系统可实现定点布置，适用于近海海域垃圾集中区域；同时具有垃圾打包功能，实现垃圾收集自动化，收集效率高；本发明具有可迁移性，即可通过系泊系统移位可实现在不同水域布置。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，其特征在于：包括若干节单节柔性浮体、稳定浮筒、拦截网裙、垃圾收集网和系泊系统，所述若干节单节柔性浮体依次连接形成整体呈弧形的超长柔性浮体主体，每相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间通过对接器连接，每个单节柔性浮体均包括若干纵向柔性杆、柔性横向网和柔性纵向网，纵向柔性杆的两端分别与对应单节柔性浮体两端的横向固定结构相连，各个纵向柔性杆之间间隔覆盖有柔性横向网和柔性纵向网，整个每个单节柔性浮体中设有若干浮力球；所述稳定浮筒与超长柔性浮体主体固定；所述拦截网裙设置于超长柔性浮体主体底部，拦截网裙的底部配有配重；所述垃圾收集网眼设置于相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间；所述超长柔性浮体主体上设有系泊系统。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，其特征在于：所述单节柔性浮体整体呈浮筒状，每相邻两个单节柔性浮体之间的横向固定结构上安装有阻隔网，相邻两个阻隔网之间悬挂一个垃圾收集网。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的水上浮式漂浮垃圾清理装置，其特征在于：所述稳定浮筒设有若干个，稳定浮筒与单节柔性浮体之间设有若干提供能量的太阳能发电板。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，其特征在于：所述系泊系统包括系泊缆绳和锚，所述系泊缆绳共设三根，其中两根系泊缆绳的两端均分别连接于单节柔性浮体和过渡浮筒，第三根系泊缆绳的一端与过渡浮筒相连且另一端通过锚固定于水底；所述过渡浮筒设置于超长柔性浮体主体的弧形开口处中部附近。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，其特征在于：还设有定位缆绳，定位缆绳分别连接超长柔性浮体主体的两端处使其保持一定的弧形，通过改变定位缆绳的长度调整超长柔性浮体主体的形状和弧度。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的用于水上漂浮垃圾的浮式垃圾清理装置，其特征在于：所述的纵向柔性杆采用高分子PV材料制成，柔性横向网和柔性纵向网采用超高分子量柔性网制成。
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